What refers to air defense. Airborne defense troops. Airborne and anti-missile defense troops

He has more than a century of history, which began in the suburb of St. Petersburg in 1890. The first attempts to adapt the exeted artillery for firing targets were made on polygons under Ust-Izhor and in the Red Selo. However, these attempts revealed the complete inability of the usual artillery to the defeat of air targets, and the untrained military - to the administration of guns.

Beginning of air defense

Decoding well to all familiar abbreviation means that is, a system of measures to protect the territory and objects from the attack from the air. The first shooting near St. Petersburg was made from four-lingular guns when using the ordinary pool shrapnel.

This is such a combination technical characteristics I revealed the inability of the existing means to damage the air objects whose role was then performed by aerostats and balloons. However, according to the results of tests, Russian engineers received a technical task for the development of a special gun, which was completed in 1914. Technically imperfect were at that time not only artillery toolsBut the airplanes themselves who are not able to rise to the height exceeding three kilometers.

World War I

Until 1914, the use of air defense systems in combat conditions was not too relevant, since aviation was practically not used. However, in Germany and in Russia, the history of air defense begins in 1910. The countries obviously anticipate the moment conflict and tried to prepare for him, given the sad experience of previous wars.

Thus, the history of air defense in Russia has one hundred seven years, for which they have developed significantly and evolved from guns who shot at balloons to high-tech complexes of early detection that can affect targets even in space.

The birthday of the air defense system is considered to be December 8, 1914, when the system of defensive structures and funds against air targets began to function on the approaches to Petrograd. To protect the imperial capital, on remote approaches, an extensive network of observation posts consisted of tips and telephone points was created, from which information about the approaching opponent was reported to the headquarters.

Fighter Aviation in the First World War

An integral part of the air defense system of any country and at any time is fighter aviationcapable of neutralizing attacking aviation at distant approaches.

In turn, the effective functioning requires a significant number of highly qualified pilots. It is for these purposes that the first in Russia in Russia in Russia was formed in 1910, the first officer aeronautical school, which put the task of the preparation of first-class aeronauts, as the pilots were called at the time.

In parallel with the network of observation points, the system was created that received the official name "Radiotelegraphic defense of Petrograd". This system was intended to intercept negotiation of hostile pilots who attacked the Russian army.

After the revolution

Decryption of air defense as anti-heart defense creates the illusion that the system is extremely simple and intended only to shoot down aircraft enemy. However, in the fields of the First World War it became clear that numerous and complex tasks Not only on the control of the sky, but also for exploration, disguise and the formation of the advanced line of front-line aviation.

After the victory of the October Revolution, all air defense rates had passed on the territory of Petrograd under the control of the Red Army, which took their reform and reorganization.

Actually an air defense abbreviation and decoding appeared in 1925, when official documents For the first time, the terms "Anti-Fiction Defense of the Countries" and "Fortune Defense of the Front Stripe" were used. It was at that time that were identified. priority areas Aerial Defense Development. However, more than ten years have passed to the comprehensive embodiment.

Air defense of the largest cities

Since the defense of air attacks required considerable resources, both human and technical means, the Soviet leadership decided to organize defense with air defense of several key cities of the USSR. Moscow, Leningrad, Baku and Kiev were attributed to those.

In 1938, air defense hulls were formed to protect against air attacks and Leningrad. For the defense of Kiev, a police officer was organized. Decoding with reference to the means used to reflect the enemy's air attacks as follows:

• flak;
• aerial reconnaissance;
• communication and alert;
• anti-aircraft projectors.

Of course, to the modern situation of affairs, such a list has a little relationship, since in the past eighty years, the structure has become significantly complicated, and the technique has become more universal. In addition, radio access and information struggle now playing great importance in air defense.

By the beginning of World War II, the early detection of the enemy Air Force and their destruction becomes especially important. To solve this task are developed special means Radioelectronic intelligence. The first country, which launched a wide network of radar stations, was the United Kingdom.

There also developed first devices designed to control anti-aircraft fire, which significantly increased its accuracy and increased density.

Modern state of air defense

Deciphering of a known abbreviation does not fully meet modern realities, as it is increasingly increasingly important in the world, contactless ways of conducting a struggle based on rocket weapons and special aviation With low notice.

In addition, increasingly next to the abbreviation air defense is used by the reduction of missile defense, which is denoted by anti-missile defense. Submit effective air defense without use rocket weapons today it is impossible, which means that systems having a fundamentally acquire important For integration various systems From an anti-aircraft gun to radar struggle.

The century of the Internet acquires a competent search and the ability to distinguish reliable information from the wrong. Increasingly, users are looking for an decoding of air defense of the ATS, which means the passport and visa department of the Interior Department - the police department engaged in passing the population.

Air defense is a set of measures to ensure the reflection of aggression in the air-space and protection against the strikes of the opponent's air-space attack.

The army of the air defense of the ground forces (air defense of the SV) is a genus of troops intended to protect troops and objects from the actions of the opponent's air attack funds when conducting general-home associations and hostilities.

Appearance

The tasks of combating air targets appeared at the end of the XIX century. The first experienced aircraft shooting ( aerial balloons And balloons) took place in the Red Selo in 1891. The need to create special anti-aircraft guns and rangefinders were identified. In the first world war, the air defense troops received the first impetus for development. On December 8, 1914, "An instruction on aeronautics in the region of the 6th Army" entered into force, regulating the air defense of the capital of Russia. Around Petrograd barely belts at a distance of 30-40 and 6-15 km from the city placed two artillery regiments. The shelves were armed with conventional 76 mm field cannons installed on special machines, and long-term machine guns. This made it possible to fire on airplanes flying at altitudes to 5 km. In aviation schools began to prepare specialists to combat airplanes - future fighter pilots. In 1916, aerostats of air boom began as air defense airsports to protect major settlements. During the First World War, the principles of the country's facilities and troops were for the first time. During the years of the First World War, no enemy aircraft penetrates the airspace of Petrograd.

THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the war-in-time defense of the USSR included 13 zones, three corps, two divisions, nine air defense brigades, 39 brigade air defense areas. The number of personnel of air defense was 182 thousand people.

By the beginning of the war, the re-equipment of air defense troops was not completed. In the anti-aircraft artillery lacked new 37 mm automatic and 85 mm anti-aircraft guns. In fighter aircraft, 46% of the aircraft fleet was outdated aircraft. New high-speed Yak-1 fighters and MiG-3 were clearly not enough.

In July 1941, the State Defense Committee takes a number of measures to strengthen the cover of large industrial and transport objects. The model of the air defense system of the large industrial center was the air defense system. It was carried out by the first air defense corps and the 6th Fighter Aviation Corps of the Air Defense. The composition of these compounds to the beginning of the massive raids of German aviation consisted of: over 600 fighters, more than 1 thousand guns of medium and small calibers, approx. 350 machine guns, 124 post of airborne balloons, 612 VINOS posts, 600 anti-aircraft spotlights.

As a result of a skillful management to the city, only 2.6% of overall Airplanes, air defense troops, 738 enemy aircraft were destroyed.

In June 1943, the Office of the Commander of the Air Force, the territory of the country was disbanded. After the reorganization conducted by April 1944, Western and Eastern Fronts were created, as well as the Transcaucasian air defense zone, which in the same year were reorganized into the North, South and Transcaucasian fronts. The air defense troops successfully coped with the tasks. They provided the defense of industrial facilities and communications. Only individual enemy aircraft broke through, as a result of which enterprises stopping and violations in the movement of trains in some sections railways were short. Performing its tasks, the air defense troops of the territory of the country destroyed 7313 Luftwaffe aircraft, of which 4168 by the forces of fighter aircraft and 3145 - anti-aircraft artillery, machine-gun fire and barrier aerostats.

During the war, the air defense is anti-aircraft artillery and fighter aviation organized as a kind of troops.

Modern troops air defense forces

Currently, the air defense troops are imposed on the following main tasks: the carrying of combat duty on air defense; conducting an air opponent's intelligence and notification of the covered troops; the destruction of air attack of the enemy in flight; Participation in the management of missile defense at theaters of hostilities. Organizational troops air defense ground Forces consist of military authorities, air defense bodies, anti-aircraft rockets(rocket-artillery) and radio engineering compounds, military units and divisions. They are able to destroy the enemy's air attack in the entire range of flight rates and heights: extremely small - up to 200 m, small - from 200 to 1000 m, average - from 1000 to 4000 m, large - from 4,000 to 12,000 m and in the stratosphere - more than 12,000 m.

Compounds, military units and air defense units are equipped with anti-aircraft missile (different in reach, cableing and methods of guidance), anti-aircraft artillery, anti-aircraft gun-rocket complexes and portable anti-aircraft missile complexes.

Depending on the range of air targets, they are divided into low-speed complexes - up to 10 km, low-range - up to 30 km, medium range - up to 100 km and long-range - more than 100 km.

Further development of air defense troops implies an increase in mobility, survivability, secure work, the degree of automation and firing performance. It is necessary to increase the parameters of the damage zone, reducing the reaction time and mass-dimensional characteristics of anti-aircraft missile and rocket-artillery complexes.

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Fortune defense
Protection of some area from air damage to weapons delivered by airplanes, covered or ballistic missiles. Previously, the term "anti-sophisticated defense" (air defense) meant the protection of the groups of the armed forces and the technique used during the fighting. However, achievements in the field of aviation and different species Arms changed the character of air defense. The basis of uniform air defense systems - pro is the ground radar stations of detection and tracking and aviation-rocket weapons.
See radar;
Rocket weapons.

HISTORICAL REFERENCE

World War II and her lessons. The first serious progress in the air defense area was achieved in 1941, when the spotlight beam began to control the radar station. Prior to this, the limited field of view of the air defense forces did not have muchbecause bombers also needed to have good review. However, the areas subjected to bombardment gradually expanded, air navigation and bombing techniques (not to mention the bombers themselves), and by the middle of the 20th century. Air defense began to lose its effectiveness. Three new technical achievements helped restore the effectiveness of the air defense. The first was computer. The second is a radar, which can accurately determine the coordinates of the object in space and transfer this information directly to the computer. (At the same time, the preparedness time for the opening of firing was significantly reduced by computer control of hydraulic drives, which automatically and continuously suggest guns to target.) Third became remote fusewhich undermines the anti-aircraft projectile at the point of the trajectory closest to the target. These three achievements increased the effectiveness of air defense funds in general and anti-aircraft artillery in particular. The defense of the advanced positions of the ground forces and protection against low-tailed aircraft requires that the tools will quickly have had more rapidity and were quite mobile in order to accompany the infantry and tank forces. Previously, these requirements satisfy windows with water-cooled and 37-mm anti-aircraft gun. During the Second World War, they replaced the rainfall guns with air-cooled (in the form of quad unit) and automatic guns in tow and self-propelled versions. Simultaneously with the improvement of air defense for the land forces, the US Navy anti-aircraft artillery was developed. Tactical doctrine demanded that the fighter aviation protect the entire front-line zone, and the anti-aircraft artillery is only objects substantial from the point of view of hostilities. Improving armaments air defense was accompanied by an increase in its number of divisions. Instead of the Americans had 7 battalions of anti-aircraft artillery during the Second World War, 368 battalions appeared, not counting individual anti-aircraft batteries equivalent to about 20 battalions. The geographic isolation of the United States led many military theoretics to the conclusion about the definition of air defense. However, Parl Harbor disaster in December 1941 denied this point of view. By the mid-1940s, the threat of air attack on the United States disappeared, and in 1944 the RLS network was dismantled. However, the war in Japan repeated what happened earlier in Parl Harbor and Europe. Lained any significant air defense, the Japanese territory was very vulnerable. "Superweight" B-29 fully used the experience gained in the war with Germany. The events of August 1945 eliminated the last doubts about the need to secure the United States from the attack from the air. Result atomic bombing Japan American pilots were terrifying: 70 thousand killed and much more affected. Strategic aviation and nuclear weapons changed the nature of the war (see Nuclear War). International tension and distribution nuclear weapons in the world also completely changed initial value The term "anti-air defense". This change clearly manifested immediately after the end of World War II. The command of the United States of the United States, devoted to oblivion during the war years, but resurrected in 1946, began to deploy the air defense system in the Northeastern and North-Western areas of the United States. Responsibility for the organization and work of this system was assigned to the continental aviation command. His disposal had 30 radar stations and 20 squadrons of fighters. In 1951, the United States has created a air defense system to protect the country in the event of a new world war. From this point on, the content of the term "anti-air defense" ceased to be a purely military; Now air defense, generally speaking, implies the protection of civilians, industrial enterprises and military units. Air defense is provided ground forces, Navy and hull marine infantryAs well as the US Air Force, which is at its disposal aviation, artillery, managed reactive projectiles and rockets and, moreover, the equipment required for early detection of the goal, warnings and management.
Post-war period. The number of Soviet distant bombers in the late 1940s increased markedly, and after the Soviet tests in 1949 atomic bombs For the first time, the threat of a nuclear attack. In the early 1950s, Canada and the United States came to an agreement on the creation of a network of radar complexes covering all of North America. The first was built "Pinery Line" - a single system, which included 33 radar placed along south border Canada. It was completed in 1954 and cost about $ 50 million. This line provided round-the-clock tracking and interception of goals on the entire North American subcontinent, from the ocean to the ocean; The main disadvantages were the presence in the line of the minor windows and the shallow depth of the cover of the cover. To eliminate these drawbacks, it was recommended to build two more RLS networks. By 1957, the McGill Fenss was built), which comes in almost the 55th parallels. The Middle Educational line formed a system of early radar detection of a low-fat aircraft, but it did not ensure the purpose of tracking. The creation of this line, fully funded by Canada, cost 227 million. The third and most well-known border of the far radar warning ("Dew") contained a transcontinental RLS chain, stretching along the 70th parallel, 320 km from the Northern Polar Circle. The construction of this line, consisting of 57 radar, was completed in July 1957. The cost of the United States for its construction was approx. $ 350 million

With the completion of the construction of these three radar lines for air defense in the United States and Canada, it became possible to obtain a warning about the approximation of enemy bombers 2-3 hours before the laid. This time is enough to identify and intercept the aircraft flying from the north. When attacking a quiet or Atlantic Ocean The enemy had to detect patrol aircraft of long-range radar detection, Patrol ships of the Navy and radar stations on marine platforms. The functioning of this very rich and complex RLS network required everyday coordination of actions in various matters of a tactical nature. Therefore, a natural step was the establishment of the structure necessary for the implementation of operational management. The United Norad Air Defense Command is valid from September 12, 1957. Its headquarters is located on the territory of the Air Force Air Force in Colorado Springs (PC. Colorado). In the next few years, the number of military air defense rates increased dramatically. By the beginning of the 1960s, a quarter of a million Canadians and Americans worked in multi-storey underground complexes, control centers and on the airfield airfields of fighters-interceptor and the base of the Land-Air rockets.
Changed threat. In the early 1960s, the nature of the threats of the attack from the outside radically changed, since the Soviet Union concentrated its efforts on the intercontinental and launched ballistic missiles and on satellite weapons. The large-scale North American system of early radar warning was useless to combat these means of delivery. Therefore, a satellite tracking system was created and launching missiles, and the range of tasks facing the nora was expanded. In order to prevent the threat of an air attack, the air defense command divided the continent into three regions: Alaska, Canada and the continental part of the United States (a conew). It was assumed that when the opponent's aircraft is detected and identified, the message about it is immediately transmitted by the pilots of interceptor fighters who meet bombers at maximum distance from their purpose. At the same time, the trajectories of the attacking aircraft of the enemy are recorded and analyzed using the Sage system, which displays fighters-interceptors for specific purposes and manages the starts of anti-aircraft missiles. The SIZH system can track 400 separate trajectories simultaneously, 200 of which are reserved for missiles that should be guided from the target management center. In the early 1960s, 2000 interceptor fighters, 3,900 support aircraft, 575 Land-Air Rockets, 480 RLS and a quarter of a million employees were available at the disposal of the Air Defense Complex. In World War II, the bomber was the most destructive of the extermination extended at that time, but the defense against it was quite real. Ballistic Rockets S. nuclear charge And the maneuvering heads of individual guidance practically cannot be intercepted on the descending branch of the trajectory. For this reason, it is important to intercept them as early as possible. The first program about (anti-missile defense) began to be carried out in the United States in 1967, and this program was aimed at destroying missiles immediately after launch. Measures aimed at restructuring Norad led to a decrease in the number of fighters-interceptor and partial conservation of the RLC network. The probability of damage to intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBM) was reduced by the construction of underground structures, getting rid of excesses and dispersal resources. An underground center for managing combat actions in the Shayen mountains in the vicinity of Colorado Springs was built. Another underground control center was built in North Bay (PC. Ontario). However, the costs associated with the War in Vietnam prevented the full modernization of the US air defense in the 1960s.

In the 1970s, military satellites appeared, capable of solving many of the tasks of operational nature, including the detection of potential purposes. In 1973, it was approved to create a global navigation satellite system introduced into action by the end of the 1980s. It produced a real revolution in navigating and managed, necessary for both military and civil societ needs.
see also Navigation;
;
Air navigation;
Wars starry;
Cosmos study and use. In 1976 it became clear that the Soviet Union was paying more attention to the development of missiles capable of destroying satellite systems about. As before, the Soviet initiative caused the appropriate reaction to the United States: President J.Ford instructed the Ministry of Defense to create a more perfect satellite system About. The main activities for the modernization of air defense, which were conducted in accordance with the needs of Norad, were: 1) Replacing the line "Den" improved Arctic radars, which were called the Northern System of Early Detection and Warning "News"; 2) deploying contrary radar reverse scattering radar; 3) a wider use of foreign radar detection and alex detection and warning systems; 4) Equipment of Norad airplanes F-15, F-16 and CF-18. In the 1980s, ICBM and BRPL, launched with submarine, have become a threat to the security of the North American continent, and this was taken into account when modernizing the nora. With the advent of the winged missiles, the tracking of the atmosphere again became one of the important tasks. We can say that winged rockets, launched from the board of the aircraft or ship, returned bombarding aircraft to life. The winged rockets are especially dangerous because they are more difficult to detect (due to relatively small sizes and the ability to fly at a low height, following the terrain relief) than ballistic rockets or bombers of the 1950s, managed by pilots.

Anti-air defense of the North American continent

To prevent the attack command of the air defense North America Uses various sources information. It unfolded throughout ground Shar. Network stations for detecting missiles running from sushi, air or sea. This network includes cosmic and ground stations Observations. Space stations Based on satellites and detect torches of starting missiles. These intelligence satellites are on geostationary orbits, i.e. All the time remains above the same point on the ground surface.
See Military Space Activities. The Network RLS network is formed by complexes of early warning on the launch of ballistic missiles, whose construction has begun back in the early 1960s. These complexes located in Greenland (Tula), Great Britain (Faylingdales-Moore) and in Alaska (Clear) provide radar tracking for any artificial aircraft object. Detection and tracking scheme ensures that any launch will be detected at least two different ways. Together with the use of ground and space-based systems (RLS and satellite detection and tracking stations), round-the-clock duty of fighter-interceptor fighters defined zones North American subcontinant. The air defense fighters determine whether the aircraft is a passenger liner, who bombarded from the course, or is the opponent's bomber or a winged rocket. If necessary, the number of fighters can be significantly increased by the Air Force Airplanes and the US National Guard, Marine Corps, US Navy and Canada. By making a decision to open fire, the pilot must act strictly according to the rules; For 35 years of patrolling fighters, no aircraft was fightered. PVA interception forces use American F-15 needles fighters, as well as Canadian fighters CF-18 "Hornet" and F-16 Fighon Fighting. The North American subcontinent air defense system also uses Avaks and aircraft-tanning aircraft to increase the fighter-interceptor fighter radius.

The E-3 aircraft "Sentri" (modification of the Boeing-707 bombing) with a side radar detection and warning system (Avax) equipped with a rotating radar. Avacs allows you to determine the coordinates, speed and direction of movement of aircraft and vessels in a radius of several hundred kilometers away using on-board computer.

In the event of an air attack, the information will be instantly transferred to the Center for the Office of the North American Subcontinent and in the Norad Management Command Center in the Shayen Mountains under Colorado Springs. The command police officer quickly estimates the threat, makes a decision and gives orders to air defense compounds. If necessary, the Federal Agency for emergency situations It should notify the civilian population of the respective regions of the country on an air attack. At the same time, an emergency broadcasting system begins to act, and all passenger flights stop.
see also Aviation military;
Artillery;
Military intelligence;
Naval space activities;
Wars starry;
Radar.

"Hawk" - Mobile Base Mobile Base Rocket with a radar guidance system.

LITERATURE

Agrenich A.A. Flak. M., 1960 Anaimovich M.A. and others. Country defense troops. M., 1968 Lozik P.M. Airflength defense of land forces. M., 1979 Shirman Y.D., Manzhos V.N. Theory and technique of processing radar information on the background of interference. M., 1981.

The encyclopedia of the colley. - Open Society. 2000 .

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Fortune defense - (air defense), a complex system of measures to protect against attack in the military time air forces. Air defense of the troops has a prescription to ensure the execution of combat operations from attacks and intelligence an enemy from air. Air defense in the rear is a goal ... ... Big medical encyclopedia

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- (air defense) A combination of national events and hostilities of troops (forces) held in order to protect administratively political, industrialized centers and areas of the country, groupings of the armed forces, important military and others ... ... Encyclopedia Technics

The combination of events, forces, means and actions aimed at reflection of the opponent's air attack and protecting objects, population and troops from air strikes. On the scale of the country (coalition of countries) or individual regions, industrial areas ... Dictionary rapid situations

The request "Air Defense" is redirected here. Cm. Also other values. Air defense set of measures to ensure protection (defense) from the air attack of the enemy. Air defense abbreviated name of the system of air-friendly ... ... Wikipedia

Many different abbreviations are found in military literature. Each of them hides either weapons or military equipmentor a certain type or genus of troops. Army pilots foreign countries With special respect relate to the Russian abbreviation of air defense, which is deciphered as "anti-air defense".

Air Defense - Air Shield Countries

Air defense country - private view Armed support in the framework of measures to protect the state from an air attack. The first units designed to combat an air threat were created in Russia before the revolution, back in 1914. Equipped light guns and machine gun installations, these formations have successfully opposed to German aircraft.

But the Great has become a great readiness of the WFA system of air defense to defense Patriotic War. During air fighting On the approaches to Moscow and Leningrad, the Soviet anti-aircraft people inflicted a significant damage of fascist aviation. For the entire military period, the units of the air defense destroyed or disabled more than seven thousand enemy aircraft.

The meaning of the air defense for the state is so great that a special holiday was established in the country - the day of air defense troops, which, according to tradition, is celebrated on the second Sunday of April. Time for a festive date is not chosen by chance. It was in April that the most important solutions Regarding the organization of this kind of troops, their formation and development.

Troops of constant combat readiness

The modern air defense forces of Russia is a genus of troops, whose function includes the cover of military and civilian objects and military formations from possible blows from the air attack of a potential opponent. Domestic air defense units are able to destroy aircrafts The enemy is in a variety of altitudes, regardless of the flight speed.

IN peaceful time Parts of the air defense carry around the clock combat duty, vigilantly guarding air borders and approaches to particularly important objects having strategic value. If there is a need to participate in real combat, air defense troops will be able to lead aerial intelligence, Notify ground objects about the threat of an attack from the air and all available ways to destroy aircraft and other means of attacking the enemy.

From the point of view of the organizational device, the air defense troops consist of governing bodies, hidden team points, radio engineering and anti-aircraft missile departments, as well as aviation. Divisions are distinguished by high mobility and vitality. Hidden from prying eyes, detection and rocket Installations Amendments to identify opponent aircraft on distant approaches and timely neutralize enemy agents of an air attack.

Air defense is a complex of steps and b / actions of troops against the control of the air attack of the enemy in order to disgust (decrease) the loss among population, damage to objects and military groups from air strikes. For the reflection (breakdown) of the attacks (blows) of the air enemy, air defense systems are formed.

Full air defense complex covers systems:

• Intelligence of the air enemy, translating actions about it for troops;
• Fighter aircraft assistance;
• An anti-aircraft assassolution;
• RES organization;
• Masking;
• Managerial, etc.

Air defense happens:

• Zone - to protect individual areas, within which covers are placed;
• Zonal-object - for combining zonal air defense with a direct barrier of particularly important objects;
• Object - for the defense of individual particularly important objects.

The world experience of wars turned the air defense to one of the most important components in the general military battle. In August 1958, the forces of the air defense of the ground forces were formed, and later the military air defense of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation was organized.

Until the end of the fifties, the air defense of the SV was equipped with anti-aircraft articles of the pore, as well as specially designed transported anti-aircraft missile systems. Along with this, in order to securely cover the troops in the combat actions of the mobile form, it was necessary to have high and highly efficient SPK, due to the increase in used air attack.

Together with the fight against tactical aviation, air defense troops were also affected by martial helicopters, unmanned and remote-manned aircraft, winged rockets, as well as strategic aviation enemy.

In the mid-seventies, the organization of the first generation of anti-aircraft missile armaments of air defense troops was over. Troops received newest rockets Air defense and famous: "Circles", "Cubes", "Osse-Ak", "Arrows-1 and 2", "Screws", new radar and many other newest on that time of technology. Almost all aerodynamic goals were easily affected by the formed anti-aircraft missile complexes, so they took part in local wars and armed conflicts.

By that time, the newest means of air attacks were already developing and improved. These were tactical, operational-tactical, strategic ballistic rockets and high-precision weapons. Unfortunately, the system of armaments of the first generation of air defense troops did not provide solutions to the tasks to cover the military groups from attacks with these weapons.

There was a need to develop and apply systemic approaches to the argument of the classification and arms properties of the second generation. It was required to create arms systems balanced by classifications and types of affected objects and a list of SPM, combined into a single control system equipped with radar reconnaissance, communications and techniques. And such weapons systems created. In the eighties, the air defense troops were fully provided with C-Z00V, "torments", "beech-m1", "Arlas-10m2", "Tungusca", "needles" and the latest radar.

In anti-aircraft missile and anti-aircraft rocket-artillery units, parts and connections have been changed. They became inalienable component parts in the general formations from battalions to front-line associations and steel unified system Air defense in military districts. This increased the effectiveness of combat applications in the groups of military air defense of military districts and provided the power of the firing effect on the enemy with high density of fire from anti-aircraft guns on the heights and distances.

At the end of the nineties to improve the command, in the air defense troops of the SV, connections, military units and air defense units Coast guard Navy, military units and air defense units of the Airborne Forces, in the compounds and military units of the reserve Supreme Commander Changes have occurred. They were united into military air defense of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Tasks of military air defense

Connections and parts military air defense The tasks assigned to them on interaction with the forces and means of the Sun and Navy are solved.

The following tasks are assigned to military air defense.

In peacetime:

• Activities for maintaining air defense of military districts, compounds, parts and units of air defense of the Navy, parts and units of air defense unit in combat readiness for advanced deployments and reflections together with the forces and means of air defense systems of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation attacks;
• B / duty units within the zone of the military districts and in common systems State air defense;
• The sequence of increasing the combat compositions in the compounds and parts of the air defense, which perform tasks on combat duty when the highest degrees of b / readiness are introduced.

In wartime:

• Events on the complex, held in the depth of the cover from attacks by the agents of air attacks by an opponent on the grouping of troops, military districts (fronts) and military facilities across the depth of their operational constructions, while interacting with the forces and means of air defense and other types and childbirth forces Sun;
• Activities for the direct cover, which includes combined-arms associations and compounds, as well as compounds, parts and divisions of the coast guard of the Navy, compounds and part of the Airborne Forces, rocket troops and artillery in the form of groups, aviation airfields, command items, the most important rear objects in the areas of concentration, during extensions, classes of these zones and during operations (b / actions).

Directions of improving and developing military air defense

The military air defense troops today is the main and most numerous component of military air defense of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. They are combined with a slim hierarchical structure with the inclusion of front-line, army (cabinet) complexes of air defense troops, as well as partitions of air defense, motorized rifle (tank) divisions, motorized rifle brigades, air defense units by motorized rifle and tank shelves, battalions.

The air defense troops in the military districts have connections, parts and units of air defense, which have various anti-aircraft missile systems / complexes at their disposal for destinations and potentials.

They are connected by intelligence and information complexes and control complexes. This gives in certain circumstances to form effective multifunctional air defense systems. So far, the weapons of Russian military air defense are one of the best on the planet.

The most important areas in the improvement and development of military air defense in total include:

• Optimization of organizational and standard structures in controls, compounds and parts of air defense, respectively, assigned tasks;
• Modernization in anti-aircraft missile systems and complexes, intelligences in order to extend the deadlines for the exploitation and their integration of the Unified System in the state and in the Armed Forces with the functions of non-strategic missile funds in the theaters of hostilities;
• Developing and maintaining uniform techniques to reduce the types of weapons, in / machinery, their uniformity and non-duplication in development;
• Security promising systems Arms air defense newest funds Automating control, communication, active, passive and other unconventional specification types, multifunctional anti-aircraft and complexes of the prick new generation using the criteria of "efficiency - value - realizability";
• Maintaining a complex of collective b / training of military air defense with other troops, taking into account the upcoming combat tasks and features of the areas of deployment, in the concentrations of major efforts in the preparation of compounds, parts and departments of the air defense, high b / readiness;
• Formation, provision and preparation of reserves for flexible response to changes in circumstances, strengthening grouping of air defense troops, replenishment of losses of personnel, weapons and military equipment;
• Improving the training of officers in the structure of a military training system, an increase in the level of their fundamental (basic) knowledge and practical training and sequence in the transition to continuous military education.

It is planned that in a short time, the ISR system will be occupied by one of the dominant directions in strategic Defense States and in the armed forces will become one of component partsAnd in the future - it will be almost the main deterrent in the unleashing of wars.

The air defense systems are one of the fundamental in the ECF system. To date, the part of the military air defense is able to perfectly solve the tasks of anti-aircraft and, to some extent, non-strategic missile defensive measures in the groups of troops on operational-strategic directions. As practice shows, on tactical teachings With the use of combat shooting, all available means of military air defense of Russia is able to affect the winged rockets.

The air defense in the ISR system and in its armed forces tend to grow proportionally ascending to the threats of air attacks. When resolving tasks, the Consistent general use Multi-military air defense troops and rocket-space defense at operational strategic areas as the most effective than separate. This will happen due to the possibility of one plan and under uniapringly combine strength together with the benefits of multiple weapons and mutual compensation for their shortcomings and weaknesses.

Improvement of air defense systems without further modernization of existing arms, re-equipment of air defense troops in military districts The most modern VRS and SPC, in deliveries new Systems automated control and connections.

The main focus in the development of Russian air defense tools is today:

• Continue experimental work to create highly efficient armaments samples that will have qualitative indicators that could not be surpassed overseas analogues For 10-15 years;
• Create a promising multifunctional armament system of military air defense. It will give a push to create a flexible organizational and staff structure for the execution of specific b / tasks. Such a system should be integrated with the main weapons of the ground forces, and act comprehensively with other types of troops during the solution of air defense problems;
• Implement automated control complexes with robotization and artificial intelligenceto reflect further increasing opponents' potentials and increase the effectiveness of b / applications of air defense troops;
• Provide samples of air defense arms with electronic optical instruments, television systems, thermal imagers to ensure the combat capability of the VIS and SPC in the conditions of intensive interference, which will reduce the dependence of air defenses from the weather;
• Widely use passive location and Reeb tools;
• Reorient the concept of the prospects for developing weapons and in / technician air defense, conduct a fundamental modernization of existing weapons and / appliances to give a significant increase in efficiency combat use With low cost.

PVA Day

Air defense day is a memorable day in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. He is celebrated every year, every second Sunday in April, in accordance with the Decree russian president May 31, 2006.

For the first time, this holiday was determined by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in the decree of February 20, 1975. It was established for those outstanding merits, which showed the troops of the Soviet state air defense during the Second World War, and also for the fact that they were carried out especially important tasks in peace watches. Initially, he was celebrated on April 11, but in October 1980, the air defense post was transferred to celebrate His second Sunday in April.

The history of the date of the holiday is related to the fact that, in fact, in April periods, the most important decisions of the government on the organization of the state air defense were adopted, which became the basis for the construction of air defense systems, determined the organizational structure of the troops in it, their formation and further development.

In conclusion, it is worth noting that as the threats of air attacks increase the role and importance of military airflows will be only increased, which has already been confirmed by time.

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