The Law on Education in the Russian Federation - 273 FZ, adopted by the State Duma on December 21, 2012, it fully regulates the scope of education in our country. For executives, this document is a desk book, a kind of Bible, which they must know and strictly observe all the provisions. It is desirable that both parents and students of various educational institutions also familiarize themselves with the main provisions of the law.

Unfortunately, within the framework of one article it is impossible to disassemble the entire law in detail, each item. We will analyze the key, the most important provisions that can help many consumers of educational services, since the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" is used in kindergartens, schools, colleges, universities, etc.

Basic concepts

Education is a single targeted process of education and training, a set of acquired knowledge, skills, experience, moral values, installations. The goal is the formation of a comprehensively developed citizen having a high intellectual, physical, cultural, spiritual and moral development.

It is mistaken to believe that education is only in obtaining information. Here we are incorrectly operated by the terms.

Training is a targeted acquisition of knowledge, skills, skills.

Education is a process aimed at the spiritual and moral development of the person, as a result of which the development of generally accepted rules and norms should occur.

Education includes training (acquisition of knowledge and skills), upbringing (mastering generally accepted norms), physical development.

Requirement for education

A pedagogical worker is a person who exercises the educational process. It consists in labor relations with an educational organization, performs certain job responsibilities, receiving wages for this. Before the Federal Law of the Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" was adopted, was not at the legislative level any restrictions for taking a teacher at school, teacher in kindergarten. At school, it was quite normal to see a teacher of a man who himself hardly finished her at one time. In the absence of professional frames, there are few people who went to pedagogical universities at low wages of teachers. The problem exacerbates a very low percentage of graduates who have decided to associate their lives with educational institutions.

Today, the situation is different: the law "On Education in the Russian Federation" establishes a ban on the pedagogical activities of persons who do not have relevant qualifications. In art. 46 of the law it is directly established that the right to be an employee of education has a person who has completed or a higher educational institution. One formation is not enough. It will also be necessary to undergo an additional specialization of "Pedagogy", if the university or the QUESS of the applicant is not pedagogical.

Education document

The Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" implies the issuance of confirming documents (certificate, diploma) for the passage of the following levels of education:

1. Main general.
2. Average total.
3. Primary professional.
4. Medium professional.
5. Higher education - undergraduate.
6. Higher education is a specialty.
7. Higher education - magistracy.

Education system

The Law "On Education of the Russian Federation" (last revision) contains a hierarchy of the main components in a unified education system:

1. And the instructions are regulatory documents for which the educational activities of the school, institutes, colleges, etc. are not important. It does not matter the status of an educational organization: commercial, budgetary, government - if it has a license for issuing relevant documents, it is obliged to exercise studies based on standards .
2. Direct implementation of training: educational organizations, pedagogical staff, students, legal representatives.
3. Federal state bodies, the authorities of the subjects carrying out control. The main role belongs to the federal state service for supervision in the field of education (Rosobrnadzor). In the regions, this function is performed by the Ministry of Education of the Regions. They follow the implementation of state standards in educational institutions.
4. Organizations providing educational activities. District Committees on Education are engaged in the funding areas of budget schools. They also conduct evaluative activities on the territory of all schools under the territory.
5. Combining individuals or legal entities engaged in educational activities. A vivid example serves by the Trade Union of Pedagogical Workers.

Objectives of federal state standards

The federal law "On Education in the Russian Federation" key place is allocated by federal state standards. They perform the following tasks:

1. Unity of education. It follows from this that in the territory of the whole country, students receive an identical level of education, which means equality of opportunities.
2. Continuity. Despite the dynamic development and reform of the education system, the introduction of new standards and requirements, the key task is to preserve continuity. It is impossible to completely destroy the entire system to completely destroy the entire system in favor of a momentary political or economic benefit.
3. Variability. Despite the unity of education as a whole, the Law on Education in the Russian Federation eliminates the rigid totalitarian framework of unity upon receipt. Depending on the abilities, desire, time is created various options for achieving certain tasks.
4. Guarantee. It follows that the state controls the unity of education throughout the country.

You can learn at home! Forms of education

It is difficult to submit to the Soviet person, but the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" provides for training not only in educational institutions. Article 17 Lists permissible forms of education:

1. In traditional form - in specialized educational institutions.
2. Alternatively - outside of specialized educational institutions.

The traditional form is divided into:

1. Full-time
2. Correspondence
3. Internal abay.

Distance learning is gaining popularity in our time. The age of information technology has become a reality to visit museums, theaters, rare exhibitions on the other end of the planet, without leaving the house. Information and communication technologies have entered into training.

The law "On Education of the Russian Federation" is a new law. However, it does not distinguish between distance education in a separate category. The student is at home, prepares according to individual graphics, listening to lectures remotely, with the help of communication channels. Consequently, distance education refers to the category of absentee learning.

Alternative form

The child is not necessarily sent to the school today to obtain the law "On Education in the Russian Federation" admits such an opportunity. In addition, the state allocates money for alternative forms of learning for each child.

Views

Obtaining a certificate outside the school is divided into two types:

1. Family education.
2. Self-education.

Family education implies an arrangement of a family training feature. It is for such a form that the state pays compensation. Of course, schools react very painfully. This is understandable: no one wants to stay without salary. Judicial practice shows that the courts are completely on the side of the parents. The average compensation for the student of the middle and senior link is about 10 thousand rubles.

The problem of attracting child labor as cleaners

School duty - the tradition that went to us from the Soviet past. Many parents still do not see the problems in washing floors by children in the framework of school duty. However, 34 Article of the Law directly provides for the consent of the parents to such attracting a child to work. Communicable are classes on technology and labor education. It is on them that students are on legal grounds, in accordance with federal government programs, are obliged to attract to work: sewing, cooking, wood processing. Everything else is only at the request of parents.

RESULTS

So, the main law, which regulates the scope of education, is the Federal Law "On Education of the Russian Federation". Its articles contain a description of the organization of the educational process, competencies of local authorities, forms and types of education, rules of final certifications, etc. The most interesting moments of this law we dismantled in the article.

Article 64. Preschool Education
The commented article is not new for domestic educational legislation, since the corresponding norms contained Art. 18 of the law N 3266-1. Meanwhile, within the framework of the article, the specified provisions are largely updated and supplemented with new standards.
The article is devoted to legal regulation of pre-school education. The basics of legal regulation of pre-school education in the Russian Federation are laid out by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which in Art. 43 guarantees the free and availability of pre-school education in state and municipal institutions, thereby establishing a state of responsibility to ensure the implementation of this right. However, constitutional norms do not specify the content of this right and do not determine the details of the legal regulation of this sphere of educational relations. More detailed regulation is carried out at the level of commented federal law and subtitle acts. Thus, the strategic aspects of the development of the field of pre-school education are laid down by the concept of long-term socio-economic development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020, approved by the order of the Government of the Russian Federation of 11/17/2008 N 1662-P * (83). Among the priority tasks, the concept of the increase in the flexibility and diversity of the forms of providing services for the pre-school education system, which is designed to provide support and more complete use of educational potential of families. We also note that by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 07.05.2012. N 599 "On measures for the implementation of state policy in the field of education and science" * (84) The task of achievement for 2016 is the 100% availability of pre-school education for children aged three up to seven years.
In part 1 of the commented article, the concept of pre-school education is determined. The Law of the Russian Federation "On Education" did not contain a clear definition of this concept, but established that pre-school institutions are created and operate to help the family in order to educate children of preschool age, the protection and strengthening of their physical and mental health, the development of individual abilities and the necessary correction of development disorders Children. The commented federal law specifies the goals of pre-school education, calling among them: the formation of a common culture; development of physical, intellectual, moral, aesthetic and personal qualities; formation of educational prerequisites; Preservation and promotion of health of preschool children.
Thus, the focus is on the overall goal of pre-school education. Pre-school age is the age of accelerated physical and mental development of the child, the formation of general skills and skills in it, predetermining its further physical, intellectual, mental development and being basic for the subsequent formation of individual development features. Important are the protection and promotion of preschoolers.
A rather massive regulation reservoir in the field of pre-school education is the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Thus, in the Kaliningrad region, the law of 10.11.2009 N 388 "On state support for pre-school education in the Kaliningrad region" was adopted. This law, providing for the mechanisms of state support for pre-school educational organizations, aims to the development of a municipal private partnership in the field of pre-school education and regulates the forms of such a partnership, as well as the measures of its financial incentives.
The constituent entities of the Russian Federation implemented a large number of diverse regional and municipal short-term and long-term targeted programs aimed at the development of the network of preschool educational institutions * (85). When developing and implementing such programs, the objectives of increasing the availability of pre-school education and the improvement of its material and technical component are placed. Programs determine the subjects and objects of programs, volumes and sources of financing activities under programs. Events may include: reconstruction and construction of pre-school educational institutions; Return of previously recharged pre-school buildings; Creation of additional places in pre-school educational institutions and groups of preschool children in general educational institutions, etc.
In St. Petersburg, there is a special program for the construction and reconstruction of kindergartens * (86). In some subjects of the Russian Federation, programs are being implemented providing for special activities aimed at increasing the number of places in pre-school educational institutions * (87). In the Saratov region, measures are being taken to return to the current network of pre-school educational institutions of facilities in which regional institutions are located * (88). It seems that the availability of regional and municipal programs aimed at the development of a network of preschool institutions and provided with appropriate financing, subject to their qualitative implementation can contribute to a speedy solution to the problem of seats in pre-school educational organizations and the full realization of the right of citizens to preschool education.
In some subjects of the Russian Federation, program documents are operating that determine the basic trends of the development of pre-school education in the relevant territory. Thus, in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the concept of development of pre-school education of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) was approved for 2011-2016 * (89), which contains an analysis of the current state of pre-school education in the republic and determines the targets and the forecast component of the further development of the sector under study. It should be noted that in the concept not only the task of increasing the number of seats in children's preschool institutions, respectively, demographic needs, but also set the meaningful target parameters for the development of this sphere of social relations (for example, the expansion of innovative organizational and pedagogical forms of preschool education; focus on the development of inclusive education and etc.).
Part 2 of the commented article determines the overall orientation of educational programs of pre-school education. The content of education in a preschool educational organization is determined by the educational program of pre-school education, which, in accordance with Art. 12 commented by law is being developed, approved and implemented by the educational organization in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard and, taking into account the exemplary educational programs of pre-school education.
According to general standards enshrined in Art. 11 commented law, federal state educational standards are a combination of mandatory requirements for a particular level of education, include compliance with the requirements: a) to the structure of the program; b) to the terms of the program; c) to the results of the development of the program. The content of education is directly determined by educational programs; For the level of pre-school education - educational programs of pre-school education. The state is developed by exemplary educational programs, which are educational and methodological documentation that defines the recommended volume and content of the education of one or another level, the planned results of the development of the program, exemplary conditions of educational activities, etc.
According to the commented article, educational programs of pre-school education are aimed at the versatile development of preschoolers, taking into account their age and individual characteristics, including the achievement of the level of development necessary and sufficient for the successful development of educational programs of primary general education. At the same time, educational programs of pre-school education are built on the basis of an individual approach to children of preschool age and specific for children of the pre-school age of activities. The development of educational programs of pre-school education is not accompanied by interim certification and total certification of students.
Currently, the Federal State Educational Standard of Preschool Education is being developed. In addition, under study, there is a question about the procedure for developing exemplary basic general education programs, conducting their examination and maintaining their registry. Obviously, before the introduction of the federal state educational standard and the formation of the register of exemplary general educational programs, in the implementation of educational programs, preschool education should be guided by federal state requirements for the conditions for the implementation of the main educational program of pre-school education (approved by the Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of July 20, 2011. N 2151), as well as federal state requirements for the structure of the main general educational program of pre-school education (approved by the Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of 23.11.2009 N 655). It should be borne in mind that the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation has developed guidelines for the development of the main educational program of pre-school education (letter dated 21.10.2010 N 03-248), approximate basic general educational program of pre-school education "Success" (letter of the Ministry of Education and Science RF of July 22, 2010 N 03-13).
Thus, the commented federal law provides a standardized approach to training in preschool educational organizations, which, given the independence of the development of the educational program of pre-school education, makes it possible to adapt learning to individual characteristics and needs of pupils, and also mediate the pedagogical autonomy of educational organizations.
In part 3 of the commented article, the right of parents of minors receiving pre-school education in the form of family education, to obtain methodological, psychological and pedagogical, diagnostic and advisory assistance, without charging fees are enshrined. Such assistance according to the law can be provided, including consulting centers operating in preschool and general education organizations, but the creation of special consulting centers is not excluded. Ensuring the provision of mentioned assistance types, federal law imposes on the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
This is a new powers of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of pre-school education provided for by the commented federal law. The introduction of this authority will require its consolidation in the relevant regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. In addition, in order to avoid the declarativeness of these norms, the subjects of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to provide financial support for this authority. We also note that the full functioning of consulting centers in pre-school educational organizations and general education organizations needs to be regulated in regulatory acts of the constituent entities of the legal status of such centers and the mechanisms of their interaction with parents.
In some subjects of the Russian Federation at the municipal level, there is a practice of regulating the organization of free methodical, diagnostic and advisory assistance to parents, which ensures children of pre-school education in the form of family education. This is due to the fact that the former legislation on education envisaged the empower of local governments to organize and coordinate such assistance to families raising children of pre-school at home. Thus, in the Astrakhan region, the Administration of the Municipal Education "Limansky District" by the decision of 03.22.2011. N 324 approved the Regulation on the organization of methodological, diagnostic, advisory assistance to families raising children at home. The provision provides that the organization of such assistance is made on the basis of a preschool institution through the integration of specialists of such a pre-school institution (educator, psychologist, speech therapist, social teacher and other specialists), which conduct group and individual classes with parents raising children at home (lectays, consultations , seminars for parents, etc.).
The practice of creating consulting centers for parents with preschool children is distributed in many European countries. For example, in Finland there are free kindergartens with a free visit located in the municipal office. In such gardens, parents themselves care for children and can receive advice on care and learning. In Denmark, Article 11 of the Consolidated Law on Social Services (Consolidation Act on Social Services, 2007) obliges local administrations to create conditions for receiving citizens of pre-school education services, including to organize free consulting centers in which families, parents can get qualified assistance in solving any Problems related to the education and care of children, including an anonymous basis.

For parents with a small child, the issue of receipt of the kindergarten and reception of pre-school education is relevant. In kindergarten, the child receives the initial basic level of knowledge, is socialized and prepared for subsequent training at school.

There is a list of categories of institutions for pre-school education:

• General educational institution;
• Establishment for the correction of the development of children with deviations;
• Combined educational institution;
• Special Center for Enhanced Development;
• Kindergarten with supervision and recovery of the child.

It should be remembered that the number of places in such institutions is limited and send the child to the younger group from two months, and in the first class from 7 years.

General provisions

Separately, the law on the admission of children in the kindergarten does not exist, however, information about this area is executed in the Federal Law on Education. FZ 273 was adopted by the State Duma on December 21, 2012, and approved by the Federation Council on December 26, 2012. The last changes in it were made on December 29, 2017. Pre-school education is decorated in Chapter 7, Article 64.

About Federal Law №152 Read

According to 64 of the article described, preschool education is only an initial stage in the development of personality. During training in preschool education, cultural, personal, physical, aesthetic, moral and intellectual component of the individual is formed. Educators in kindergarten prepare minors to future training at school and other educational institutions, help strengthen the child's health and comprehensively develop it.

Specially compiled programs help individually approach each child's training, given the peculiarities of its character, helping to form new qualities or change the bad habits or features. Pre-school education helps to prepare a minor to achieving an appropriate level of knowledge and skills, so that at a certain age he could go to the first class. For the development and support of children in this law, a list of activities, which is considered acceptable to conduct classes in kindergartens are formed. In kindergartens and preschool institutions, tests, exams or control are not conducted.

Mother, father or other official representatives of the minor have the right to receive free assistance and support in the areas of education, diagnosis, psychology and pedagogy, as well as obtain advice on the methods of upbringing. Consultations are provided to parents only in cases where consulting centers exist in kindergarten. Listed assistance types are provided only by state staff. Russian authorities.

For budgetary institutions of pre-school education, the state allocates funds for the purchase:

• Toys suitable for the age of each garden group;
• Educational books, magazines and other printed objects;
• Furniture, relevant legislation and sanitary standards;
• Products, according to the composed state. The diet, helping children to receive all the elements necessary for growth and development, etc.

A minor free is credited to the kindergarten, according to the laws of Russia, additional payments are not carried out at the expense of parents. It is drawn up, it is drawn up and signed a special contract for the enrollment of the child to the kindergarten.

To record a child in a kindergarten, the parent needs to be a statement and submit it to the place of residence in the Special Commission for the acquisition of general education institutions. In the statement, a representative of a minor prescribes preferred educational institutions and the Commission puts the child to keep queue to obtain a place. It should be remembered that the time of filing the application is limited to a certain period, which is formed every year and is published on the official websites of the government.

According to the legislation of the Russian Federation, the baby can be given to the youngest group starting from 2 months, but doctors do not recommend this, as he has no immunity. Recommendations doctors are reduced to the fact that the child will be best in the garden since two years. No organization has the right to refuse to parents in providing space without special reasons, and a respectful reason can be only one - the absence of free places.

There is also an electronic queue, which parents can take advantage. According to the legislation of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to apply in the electronic queue no later than July.

The order of categories of citizens is defined to enter kindergartens with electronic queues:

• Children coming out of turn;
• Category of children, by law entering the first in turn;
• If the family changed the place of residence or was translated from the place of operation of one of the parents;
• Category of citizens whose children come to the establishment at the place of residence;
• Optional.

When applying for an application, electronic documents or scans of papers are required. On official sites of state. Internet services are issued information about how to make an electronic queue or check your own place in this queue.

Recent changes made to the law on kindergartens in the Russian Federation

The latest changes in the information on the preschool education of the Federal Law No. 273 were made on December 29, 2015.

Changes occurred in article 65, paragraph 5. According to these changes, if parents give the child to the establishment of preschool education, then they have appropriate support in the form of compensation. The money amount is established by the legislation of the Russian Federation and the decrees of the Russian government. Payment should not exceed 20% of the entire amount of payment of parents for making minors. The payment is also 50% of the amount, if the family has a second child and 70% of the total amount of money, if the third, etc., the average amount of payments for child care is established by local governments. The authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Get compensation have the right to:

• Mother or father's father;
• Close relative by proxy from parents;
• Legal representative of a minor;
• An employee of the guardianship and guardianship authorities, behind which the child is fixed (for spending the needs of the baby).

Read FZ about guardians in the last editor

Organ employees have the right to decide independently and calculate the criterion of family needs. In the event that the decision was positive, the authorities were issued a document with information that the family needs funds, parents can come to a request to pay compensation to the local government center.

Download the law on kindergartens in the new edition

The law on the provision of kindergarten does not exist, but the information necessary for families is decorated in the Federal Law on Education. This part is devoted to a separate chapter, in which information on the methods and processes of the child's enrollment in kindergarten is described. According to statistics, there are almost one or two children in almost every family, so the information is relevant and it is recommended to familiarize themselves with the text of the described law. To avoid conflict situations that are now more common, between parents and employees of educational and pre-school institutions, it is recommended to adhere to the provisions of the FZ 273.

new Basic Education Law in Russia

Federal Law of 29.12.2012 N 273-FZ "On Education in the Russian Federation"

The law is designed to improve the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of education and is a fundamental regulatory legal act in the field of education.

The law is determined by the levels of general education (preschool education, primary general education, basic general education, secondary general education) and professional education levels (secondary vocational education, higher education - undergraduate; Higher education - specialty, graduate; higher education - training of highly qualified personnel) . Another level of higher education is introduced - the preparation of highly qualified personnel, to which programs for the preparation of scientific and pedagogical personnel, the programs of the ordinature, an internship assistant program.

Along with the main educational programs in the field of education, additional educational programs of various focus and the degree of complexity are also allocated, based on age-related features, interests, abilities, education and professional qualifications of students.

The law has expanded a circle of subjects with the right to conduct educational activities, including the legal possibilities of access of "non-educational" organizations to educational activities. In addition, the law identified a separate article on regulating the legal status of individual entrepreneurs leading educational activities.

The law also regulates the scholarship provision of educational educational organizations of vocational education.

The law allocated individual standards on:

Credit and modular system of organization of the educational process and the system of test units;

Network interaction in the implementation of educational programs, including the mechanism of testing the results of the development of individual parts of the educational program in third-party organizations;

Use of remote educational technologies in the educational process;

Learning on integrated educational programs;

Educational and information resources in the educational process and others.

Regulated conditions for conducting experimental and innovative activities in the field of education. In addition, the models of economic activity in the field of education are updated.

Since the entry into force of this law, the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education" and the Federal Law "On Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education" is recognized as invalid.

The Russian Federation

THE FEDERAL LAW

About education in the Russian Federation

State Duma

Federation Council

Chapter 1. General

Article 1. Subject to regulation of this Federal Law

1. The subject of regulation of this Federal Law is public relations arising in the field of education in connection with the implementation of the right to education, ensuring state guarantees of human rights and freedoms in the field of education and the creation of conditions for the realization of the right to education (hereinafter referred to as a relationship in education).

2. This Federal Law establishes the legal, organizational and economic frameworks of education in the Russian Federation, the basic principles of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of education, the general rules for the functioning of the education system and the implementation of educational activities determines the legal status of participants in education relations.

Education is one of the main and most problematic areas of public administration. This is especially true for the pre-school sphere. The norm regulating such activities in the Russian Federation is the Federal Law "On Education" 273 dated December 29, 2012. In recent years, the Law on Preschool Education has undergone a lot of changes, including amendments and regulation of the preschool system.

General provisions

Article 64. FZ "On Education", it is stated that pre-school education should be aimed at creating conditions for the development of the cultural, physical, intellectual, moral, aesthetic and personal potential of any child, as well as strengthening and maintaining his health. The program provided for by the law suggests the accounting of the individual and age characteristics of children, the use of methods and forms characteristic of children of the preschool period.

For this form of training, no intermediate and final methods for monitoring performance and certification are not provided. Legal representatives (parents) have the right to exercise for their child the so-called form of family education. Such an organization, subject to all requirements established by the Law on Preschool Education, has the right to free state support in the form of methodological, psychological and pedagogical, advisory resources.

Basics of moments in legislation

After the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" was adopted, pre-school education became an independent level of the overall system. This fact had a decisive influence on the concept, seriously affected the organization of pre-school education.

Innovations are designed to provide greater availability in obtaining the necessary services. Knowledge of the main features of the regulatory document entered into force will allow many parents to correctly navigate, relying on the current law on preschool education.

Changes in federal law affect important issues:

• features of the reception of children in kindergartens;
• procedure for the provision of educational services;
• privileges;
• the mode of operation of pre-school institutions;
• educational programs.

Kindergarten as the first stage

Before the majority of parents (even before those who have recently born a child or another baby in her arms) sooner or later, the question of kindergarten arises. Pre-school education, being the first stage of the general educational system, today does not have sufficient resources to provide all small citizens of the Russian Federation by the place in the preschool institution.

The availability of pre-school education for many families remains the main unresolved problem. The adopted Federal Law on Preschool Education into a certain extent regulates these issues and is designed to reduce the percentage of children who bring the kindergarten. Good or bad - everyone decides for himself.

According to the new pre-school education law, every child, regardless of the place of residence or registration in the Russian Federation, has the right to receive free preschool education. Currently, parents can define their baby in a nursery, starting from 2 months. The question with the yasel groups from 1.5 years on a paid basis is solved. In the kindergarten, the child is obliged to take on the achievement of a three-year-old age. No educational institution has the right to refuse parents (legal representatives) in adoption, subject to availability.

Amendments

Amendments to the Federal Law on Preschool Education (changes made in 2017) suggest the regulation of a number of moments in the pre-school education system:

1. A gradual decline (more than 1.5 times) the number of permanent residence groups in the children's institution.
2. Providing the right to a child to receive free training in case parents have chosen a group operating only on the educational base.
3. The emergence of specialized consulting centers, where psychological and pedagogical and advisory support is provided to parents and child.
4. Preschool institutions are provided with the right (not obligation) to care and care for the child in the walls of the institution, as well as implement an educational function.
5. It is envisaged for compensation payments for payment.
6. In the absence of places behind the preschool institution, it is left right in refusing to adopt a child from one and a half or three years old.
7. Legal representatives (parents) of a minor receive the right to send an application for providing a place in another kindergarten, where there are opportunities.

Children's rules in the pre-school institution

First of all, it is necessary to send an application to the place of residence in a special department for recruiting pre-school institutions. This form indicates the most suitable educational institution for the child. After that, representatives of the Commission make a statement to the base, and a minor is drawn up to get a place in the specified garden. It must be borne in mind that on the official administrative portal, specific deadlines and the application form are indicated.

Opportunities for electronic application in kindergarten

For the convenience of citizens when working with government agencies, there is a so-called electronic queue. This type of service can take advantage of the legal representative of the child. The filing time is also strictly spelled out on the portal.

To implement an electronic application requires all necessary documents in electronic form. The rules and features of the online record are posted on the official pages of the Department of Education in special sections. Also here you can not only check out the record, but also check your turn.

Conditions of preferential training in preschool institution

Changes in the last revision of the law on preschool education concern the provision of places in preschool institutions without a queue to certain categories of persons.

• orphans, children left without parental care, leaning adopted;
• minors whose parents are victims when eliminating the Chernobyl accident;
• children with orphans (or remaining without care), the age of which ranges from 18-23 years;
• children of representatives of the prosecutor's office, the investigative committee, law enforcement agencies;
• minors who have parents - disabled, single mothers, from large families;
• children of specialists working in pre-school institutions, as well as those who have a brother, sister in this institution;
• minors whose parents are in service in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Procedure in the absence of place in the garden

The Law on Preschool Education of the Russian Federation in the last edition contains edits that provide the right to parents to write an additional application for the transfer of a child to another institution.

In the case when parents denied enrollment without the available regulatory grounds specified in the FZ, they have the right to apply to the city administration. The resulting appeal should be necessarily considered, the decision with the statutory legislation should be made a decision.

If you refuse to accept a statement or with the decision taken, the parents are not in favor of the child, parents have the right to go to the prosecutor's office or in other superior authorities in order to resolve this situation.

State compensation for payment of preschool institution

According to the amendments to Art. 65, in paragraph 5, pre-school education is divided into:

• education implemented in the framework of the GEF provided for free;
• services regarding care and supervision of kids who have parents should pay.

By law, parents are entitled to obtain material support from the state in the garden or compensation for payment for these services. The amount of payments is regulated by legislative acts and the decision of the Government of the Russian Federation.

For the first child, compensation cannot exceed 20%, 50% for the second, 70% for the third and subsequent. Fixed fee is regulated depending on market conditions for a specific period.

Persons eligible for state support are strictly defined by the framework of current legislation. These include:

• parents of a minor (mother, father);
• relatives, whose name is issued by attorney from parents;
• legal representatives of the child;
• specialists of guardianship and guardianship bodies enshrined in pupils.

Liberation of parents from payment

Based on the amendments to Article 65, in paragraph 3 of the Law on Preschool Education of the Russian Federation, benefits are regulated or a complete exemption from premiums for pre-school training for a certain category of pupils. What exactly will be considered on the example below.

So, according to the laws of the Russian Federation on preschool education, the fee in state institutions implementing pre-school educational standards should not be charged for the supervision and care of pupils.

Such a measure is valid for parents of disabled children, children with tuberculous intoxication, minors left without parental care, orphans.

This decision is aimed at ensuring the rights and support of the support of vulnerable and socially unprotected segments of the population, the solution of the problems of which is given a special place at the state level.

Opportunities for the development of commercial gardens

The changes in the law on preschool education directly affect the formation of a system of private educational practice. These capabilities are guaranteed in law through the withdrawal of certain restrictive measures governing the right to provide services in the field of education.

The increase in the number of non-state institutions not under government will allow to some extent to reduce the order to state institutions.

Ensuring the qualitative provision of educational services in accordance with the requirements and regulations of the Law on the formation of preschool institutions, both from municipal institutions and by private gardens, will ensure the needs of children of preschool age.

The implementation of the tasks delivered will allow many parents in a timely manner in social processes in society, go to the previous place of work or to receive new knowledge, retrain the more popular specialty.

Financial Amendments

Financial issues related to the costs of basic pre-school educational programs from 01/01/2014, transferred to the level of constituent entities of the Russian Federation (as a system of school education).

Based on Art. 65, p. 4 FZ, for municipal government agencies there are a number of rules regarding financial support:

• It is prohibited to include the parental fee for the main educational program or on the maintenance and property needs of the institution.
• Payment for the provision of services aimed at leaving and care for children should not exceed the maximum value established within the framework of regulatory acts of the subjects of the Russian Federation and depends on the quality and features of the service provided.

Commercial kindergartens carrying out the main pre-school educational programs for GEFs are given the right to finance their activities from the budget in the form of subsidies.

New edition of the law

For the period from 2012 to 2018, the main educational document has undergone a lot of transformations and under the influence of critics has repeatedly subjected to reform. These circumstances indicate how sharpness is the problem of education, including in the preschool sector.

The last revision of the preschool education law dated 14.08.2018, as much as possible and clearly formulates the solution of many previously not covered issues. At the same time, guarantees from the state on the effective change in the education system as a whole are provided.

In the updated version of the Federal Law "On Education" of 01.01.2019, which has not yet entered into force, changes relating to the basic laws of pre-school education is not available.