White toadstool, or stinking fly agaric (Amanita virosa) – fatal poisonous mushroom.
Cap up to 6-12 cm, convex, then flat-convex, sometimes sticky, white, color in the central part butter, often with white remnants of the blanket at the edges. The plates are wide, frequent, free, white.
As you can see in the photo, the leg of this toadstool is white, 1-2 cm thick, 10-15 cm long, covered with flaky white scales with a volva at the bottom:
The ring on the stem is white flaky. The pulp is white with an unpleasant taste and smell of chlorine. Spore powder is white.
White toadstool (fly agaric) grows in mixed and coniferous forests, among mosses on peat soils.
Found in August and September.
Light-colored floats (they are without a ring) and champignons (they are without a volva, with pinkish plates) are similar to a white toadstool.
The white grebe is no less poisonous than death cap, but there are fewer cases of poisoning with white toadstool, since it has an unattractive “toadstool” appearance and bad smell.
Pale grebe, or green fly agaric (Amanita phalloides) is a deadly poisonous mushroom.
The pale grebe gained ominous fame back in ancient times. It is known that Emperor Claudius was poisoned by food prepared from a poisonous mushroom, and the bride of Tsar Ivan the Terrible, Martha, was poisoned. The pale grebe has no analogue in terms of the strength of its poison. 1/2 cap can cause the death of several people. Persistent toxins phalloidin, falloin, amanitin, etc. were found in the pale grebe. The poisons slowly but inevitably affect the internal organs.
Pale grebe is poisonous agaric, which has a strong toxic effect. Grows from late August until the first autumn frosts, preferring deciduous and broadleaf forests. Grows under oaks, maples and pines. It is rare, but in some years it produces a large harvest. Pale toadstool is a rather moisture-loving mushroom and it grows during the period when the time for many to develop in the forest begins. edible mushrooms: russula, white, oak, boletus and many others. During this period, grebes are found not only in deciduous forests. They are also found in pine plantings.
The cap is up to 10-12 cm, convex, then flat-convex, smooth yellow-green, olive-green, darker towards the center, radially fibrous, sometimes with whitish remains of the veil. There is a form with a white cap. The bell-shaped cap of young mushrooms becomes prostrate with age, and in some varieties it becomes depressed. At high air humidity, its shiny, silky-to-touch surface is covered with a thin layer of mucous plaque, sometimes with mealy flakes. The edges of the cap are smooth, even, with hanging remains of the white cover. The plates are wide, frequent, free, white.
As for the description of the leg of the pale grebe, it is round, slightly widened at the bottom, where it forms a small tuber, immersed in a free sac-like volva. The color of the leg is white or pale olive, with a subtle moiré pattern. It grows to a height of 8-10 cm, and its diameter is approximately 1–2 cm. In the upper part of the leg of the toadstool plant there is a wide white ring, by which the pale toadstool can be easily distinguished from its edible counterparts and thereby avoided fatal mistake. The pulp is white, sweetish, with a faint sickly sweet odor. Spore powder is white.
Found in August - September.
These photos show white and pale grebes, the description of which you read above:
Poisonous fly agaric green! on the picture 
Poisonous mushroom white toadstool! on the picture
The pale grebe is deadly poisonous. The poison contained in the tissues of the toadstool is very stable and does not decompose during any type of processing, including prolonged boiling. Its lethal dose for an adult is contained in 30 g of mushroom pulp, for a child – in 5-10 g.
All proven cases fatal poisoning people with mushrooms are associated with the consumption of toadstool, when it was mistaken for russula suitable color or for champignon.
The greatest number of poisonings occurs in July - October, the growing season of the toadstool.
How to distinguish toadstool from edible mushrooms
By carefully assessing each mushroom picked, the toadstool can be distinguished from other edible mushrooms. Unlike the colors of the rainbow, you don’t want to look at them. And the shape of the mushroom is quite attractive and slender. The ratio of the height of the stem and the diameter of the cap is in a harmonious combination.
When describing the toadstool mushroom, the following are distinguished: character traits: at the base of the thin cylindrical leg there is a tuberous thickening (club), and a mushroom collar seems to grow out of the cover, and in the middle of the leg there is a ring of film. The green ones, with which the pale grebe is also confused, do not have them.
The plates of pale toadstools are white (both young and old specimens), the spores are colorless. In mushrooms, with which toadstool is most often confused, the underside of the cap is pinkish-brown, darkening to black as the mushroom ripens.
But the most important difference between the pale grebe and is the smell. Toadstool has no smell, but champignon has an anise or almond smell.
If you do not know how to distinguish a toadstool, it is better to avoid the suspicious mushroom.
Signs of poisoning by toadstool
The first signs of toadstool poisoning do not appear immediately, after 10–12 hours, and sometimes 30 hours after eating the mushroom and are accompanied by headache, dizziness, disturbance of normal vision and restlessness. The patient feels intense thirst, burning pain in the stomach, and cramps in the limbs. This is followed by cholera-like attacks in the form of bilious vomiting and severe diarrhea. The urine is dark and is excreted in small quantities. Severe pain is felt in the liver, especially when pressed. Profuse sweat appears, extremities become cold, and within a day or two death occurs. In 90% of cases, poisoning with toadstool or toadstool is fatal.
If there is even the slightest suspicion of poisoning with toadstool, then it is better to play it safe than to wait and urgently seek qualified medical help, since treatment is effective only within the first twenty-four hours. It is also necessary to hospitalize all members of the victim’s family who ate mushrooms for at least minimum quantity, even if there are no symptoms of mushroom poisoning at the time the ambulance arrives. These symptoms may occur when it is already too late.
Periodically in some southern regions In Russia (for example, in Voronezh) there are entire epidemics of mushroom poisoning, apparently - toadstools. The population there has a very poor understanding of their characteristics and literally sweeps away all the mushrooms in a row when they appear in the forest. In the northern, traditionally “mushroom” regions, cases of poisoning are extremely rare.
Kira Stoletova
The most toxic mushroom that grows in any conditions is the pale toadstool of the genus green fly agaric. Contains a deadly toxin - phalloidin, which makes all its parts poisonous, including the mycelium. Poisoning with toadstool is often fatal.
Description of the toadstool
The poisonous mushroom toadstool belongs to the genus Amanita. Appears in forests in early June, after the first heavy rainfall, simultaneously with the first edible mushrooms. The largest increase is observed in August-September.
Characteristics of the mushroom:
- The toadstool grows in large families, on all types of soil, it is very moisture-loving;
- the shape of the cap is round, diameter 8-14 cm;
- The color of the toadstool varies from milky white to black, sometimes gray-green, the structure is smooth, sometimes covered with scabs;
- the leg is snow-white, high (about 20 cm), widening at the bottom;
- geminophore tubular.
According to the description, the cap of the pale grebe is flat-convex in shape. The plates located on the inside are white. When cut, the flesh is light green, almost white. Alaotranskaya is completely white.
The toadstool is similar to edible mushrooms; the pale toadstool can be distinguished by its stem. At the top, at a distance of 2-3 cm from the cap, there is a film ring. At the bottom of the stem there is a calyx (volva). When the young mycelium erupts, it is divided into 3-4 parts and is located directly near the ground. Such rings on the stem are not typical for edible mushrooms.
The volva is not part of the stem; it looks like the mushroom is inserted into it.
Types of grebes
The following types are distinguished: Common pale, Violet, Western American, Blue, Blue, Meadow, Gray, Black, Dwarf.
The fly agaric genus includes an extensive list of mushrooms with the same characteristics. Caesar's mushroom is an edible fly agaric that can easily be confused with its poisonous counterpart. Caesar's mushrooms grow in early summer and appear abundantly after the first rains.
The group of edible mushrooms includes the chicken mushroom or the variegated fly agaric. The caps of the mushrooms are red, with spots reminiscent of the plumage of a chicken, which is why it is called that. Maiden's, walnut and variegated umbrellas are suitable for consumption.
The main danger is that the toadstool looks like some edible mushrooms:
- green russula;
- champignon;
- greenfinch.
The description indicates that the toadstool of the genus Amanita stinking is a poisonous double of the true pale grebe. Green russula is characterized by a compacted stem structure. The hat is 14 cm, and in the heat it becomes shiny. The color of the skin is green for a young specimen, brown for an old one. The main difference: the toadstool always has 2 rings on the leg: above and below, the russula does not have them.
The first champignons appear in parallel with the toadstools. The pale toadstool looks like a young champignon. The edible adult champignon is distinguished by a semicircular head, white, tightly seated on a thickened stalk, on which there are no rings. To avoid poisoning, do not eat raw mushroom.
Green mushrooms are dense in structure, green mushrooms. Mushroom stems are dense and brown. The main difference is that young greenfinches grow at shallow depths. They can also be distinguished from edible ones by their smell. Pale toadstool has a distinct, pungent, acidic odor.
Properties and toxicity
The poisonous substance amanitin in the mushroom is a slow-acting poison. The second toxin of the toadstool is no less dangerous - phalloidin. Substance with a rapid spectrum of action. Psilocybes have a hallucinogenic effect. Toadstool mushrooms grow everywhere, they can even be found in private summer cottage, yard lawn, vegetable garden and closed greenhouse, if the spores were brought in from the street.
Signs of toadstool poisoning may appear only 24 hours after consumption.
If a person ate a poisonous toadstool and help was not provided immediately, then after 2-3 days of exposure to toxins all his organs will fail. Survivors are subsequently forced to undergo treatment for the rest of their lives, feeling the consequences of poisoning with toadstool.
Symptoms of poisoning with toadstool:
- signs of poisoning by toadstool are absent for 12-48 hours;
- intoxication - an acute phase, accompanied by severe pain in the abdomen, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, severe dehydration: skin covering blue, blood pressure is elevated, muscles contract convulsively, dehydration is pronounced;
- however, at this stage it is important to determine the degree of poisoning: if the toxin content in the blood is high, then death occurs on the 3rd day;
- psilocybin substances cause hallucinations;
- if help was not provided within 3 days, complete destruction of all organs and systems occurs: people died from kidney and liver failure.
Interesting facts: the toxin contained in its composition is partially beneficial, but is not compatible with alcohol. The mushroom is used to make an antidote that protects against poisoning by other poisonous mushrooms. When walking through the forest, you should not pick unfamiliar mushrooms, information about which you have not studied. Even experienced mushroom pickers often bring home instead of edible poisonous doubles.
Application
In cooking
Eating toadstool is strictly prohibited. It is classified as a highly toxic species of mushroom, but the edible fly agaric or Caesar's mushroom is quite edible and has a pleasant taste.
It is used to prepare various culinary delights. It is not suitable for winter preparations. The broths taste like broths made from summer mushrooms. Their mushroom smell is weak.
Maiden, walnut and variegated umbrellas are mostly used for drying. Mushroom pickers claim that their caps have a piquant taste and a pleasant aroma when dried.
How to prepare Mushroom Chicken cauliflower. It is rolled in flour, then fried in vegetable oil with onions. It has a taste reminiscent of chicken meat.
In medicine
Lamellar species of mushrooms are actively used in folk medicine and unconventional movements. For example, homeopaths prepare infusions from poisonous plants and mushrooms. They are sure that in small quantities poison is of disproportionate benefit to the body. Traditional healers make tinctures.
Treatment with drugs for their poisons is dangerous. Before use, carefully read the instructions with the names of the substances included in the medicine. Do not start homeopathy treatment without consulting a doctor at a regular hospital.
They produce an antidote that neutralizes the poison of any variety of pale grebe. The cure is still undeveloped and thousands of people die from poisoning every year. Lethal dose: 100 g. The only chance to escape is to seek help in time.
The green toadstool smells similar to the first spring mushrooms. In such cases the only way determine whether a mushroom is poisonous or not - show the suspected pale toadstool in the laboratory and carry out an analysis. There is a misconception that fly mushrooms are not worm-bearing - some red worms live inside the mushroom and feed on its body.
The poisonous grebe contains a huge amount of toxins that can kill even large animals weighing more than 150 kg.
There is a way to test mushrooms for toxicity. It is believed that in the decoction poisonous mushrooms the silver will turn black, but the first broth made from any mushrooms collected in the forest has a black tint and the silver in it may turn a darker color.
Get rid of toadstools if they have grown on garden plot, it is better to carefully, using protective gloves, collect the mushrooms, twisting them by the roots and dispose of them, having first studied everything about the toadstool. Mycelium develops on fruit trees.
Conclusion
Pale toadstool mushrooms can be found in the forest in any part of Russia. The venom of the toadstool is extremely toxic. It is equally dangerous for people and animals. The most great danger is that clinical symptoms of poisoning appear no less than 12 hours later. By this point, the poison has already been distributed throughout the body; it has the property of destroying cells of the kidneys, liver and heart. Many people died from poisoning with this mushroom.
The pale toadstool is the most poisonous mushroom in the world; it belongs to the genus of fly agarics, therefore it is also called green fly agaric. The reason why the mushroom is called “pale toadstool” is simple: the cap of the forest fruit has a pale green color. Ancient peoples knew about the properties of this toxic mushroom and used it as a poison.
What does a pale grebe look like?
Amanita phalloides belongs to the cap mushrooms. In an adult mushroom, the diameter of the cap can reach 15 cm. Although specimens with a cap diameter of 6-10 cm are more common. At a young age, the cap has the shape of an egg. The edges are smooth, slightly curved down. The description of the pale toadstool gives an accurate idea of this mushroom. The color of the cap is gray-green or olive, slightly darker in the center than at the edges. The color changes as the mushroom ages. The top of the cap is smooth. on her inside there is a light tubular lamellar layer.
Every mushroom picker has encountered a poisonous specimen in the forest and could smell the unpleasant smell of the pale toadstool, a photo and description of which can be found in any encyclopedia on the relevant topic. However, only spoiled or old fruits have a rotten smell. Young specimens have a familiar mushroom smell, which can mislead a novice lover of “silent hunting”.
The stems of the mushroom are cylindrical in shape and slightly thicker at the bottom. The legs of the pale grebe are long, can reach 15 cm. Like the cap, they are pale green in color, often with a pattern reminiscent of a moire pattern. Below there is a wide cup-shaped volva, which goes half into the ground. Just below the cap there is a “skirt” on the leg. However, the toadstool, the toadstool, the species of which are similar to each other, may also be similar in appearance to edible mushrooms.
Where does the toadstool grow?
The poisonous specimen is most often found in deciduous and mixed forests. The mushroom prefers to grow near trees such as oak, beech, birch or hazel. IN pine forests almost never occurs. Toadstool can bear fruit either singly or in groups. Since the dangerous fungus loves fertile soil, it is rarely found in coniferous sandstones. The poisonous grebe is common in Eurasia, Asia and North America. The toadstool mushroom bears fruit from August to November.
Where does the toadstool grow in Russia?
In Russia, the toadstool can be found in temperate latitudes. The poisonous mushroom chooses fertile soil, so it can be found in the forest, in the park, and even in the garden.
Variability of the pale grebe
The amanita phalloides mushroom has several similar species. These include:
- smelly fly agaric;
- spring fly agaric;
- amanita bisporigera;
- amanita ocreata.
All these mushrooms are from the fly agaric family. They have features, however, at first glance, they are very similar to each other. At different periods of growth, the toadstool is similar to various mushrooms, because the color of its cap changes from pale green to light gray. These are not species of the pale grebe, but only its dangerous counterparts. Animals eat them in the forest, but humans should avoid eating them.
Pale grebe in folk medicine
Toadstool's poison medicinal purposes used by homeopaths as an antidote for poisoning inedible mushrooms. However, this dangerous antidote is rejected by traditional medicine, since the benefits of the drug based on the toxic substance of the toadstool are doubtful, despite all its positive characteristics. Accidental poisoning if the dosage is not followed - and the poison of the toadstool will lead to death.
Poisonous mushroom against cancer
Traditional medicine so far rejects the possibility of using fly agaric poison to treat cancer in humans. Yes, such experiments have not been carried out. However, German scientists are working in this direction, conducting research on mice. The animals were injected with a toxic substance extracted from the fungus. Some types of cancer resolved after several injections. Despite the success of the tests, doctors are in no hurry to use poison dangerous mushroom for human treatment.
It was proven that, in addition to the poison secreted, amanitin was also isolated from the toadstool. This is a deadly poison that can destroy cancer cells and prevent the development of metastases. One injection is enough to suppress growth cancer cells in mice.
At different periods of growth and maturation, poisonous grebe may look similar to other mushrooms. Most often, dangerous specimens are confused:
- with champignons;
- with greenfinches;
- with honey mushrooms;
- with floats;
- with russula.
Every mushroom picker needs to know the distinctive features of edible specimens, because poisoning with toadstool has disastrous consequences. Even if one small mushroom got into the basket.
Champignon
The poisonous toadstool is often confused with the false champignon, which also belongs to inedible species mushrooms U false champignon the leg is yellowish in color, and when you press on the cap, the edges appear yellow spots. Less commonly confused are the toadstool and champignon, the similarities and differences of which are well known to experienced mushroom pickers, but unfamiliar to novice lovers of “quiet hunting”. The legs of the two species are similar, but the plates under the cap differ in color. In the toadstool they are white, while in the champignon they are pink or brown.
Greenfinch
The greenfinch and the dangerous toadstool are similar external structure. However, the edible mushroom can be recognized by the characteristic lemon-green color of the stem and cap. The greenfinch's hat is straight, its edges are not curved like poisonous toadstool. The leg is always short and strong, there is no “skirt”. However, the main difference between the greenfinch and the toadstool is the place of its distribution. Greenfinch prefers sandy soils coniferous forests, while toadstool is rarely found in such soil.
Honey mushrooms
WITH dangerous toadstool rarely confused false honey mushrooms, which are also inedible mushrooms. They do not have a “skirt”, and the color of the cap is bright brown. More often, edible honey mushrooms can be confused with toadstools, because their cap has a pale sandy-brown color, and there is a “skirt” on a thin stem. You can recognize edible specimens by the scales on the cap, cream-colored plates and a pleasant smell.
Float
The float mushroom is an edible specimen, although it has an unattractive appearance. However, in appearance it looks like a toadstool, so they are often confused even experienced mushroom pickers. Distinguish a float from poisonous species possible by thin leg, dirty gray hat and lack of a “skirt”.
Green and greenish russula
Russulas are recognized by a straight stalk without a “skirt”, the absence of a volva and a tuberous thickening. The caps of russula and toadstool are similar in color and shape, so you cannot rely on this sign. Another difference between russula and its poisonous counterparts is the aroma. Russulas smell pleasant, while adult poisonous specimens have an unpleasant odor.
How to get rid of toadstool in the garden
Pale grebes can be found not only in the forest, but also in the garden. You cannot eat mushrooms that appear randomly in a garden or vegetable garden. It is best to get rid of them to prevent unwanted proximity to cultivated plants.
The easiest way is to pull out the toxic mushroom by the roots. If toadstools grow in groups, then you can dig up the ground in this place. If there are too many poisonous mushrooms, garden chemicals will help get rid of them.
And to prevent the green fly agaric from appearing on the site again, all rotten and rotten wood must be removed from the garden area. The poisonous mushroom loves shaded places, so there should be no tall grass or weeds in the area. In those places where the toadstool grew, the soil must be loosened periodically.
Symptoms and signs of poisoning
Poisoning with toadstool is dangerous because signs of toxic substances entering the body do not appear immediately. The first symptoms of poisoning may appear only after 30-40 hours.
The first symptoms of poisoning are acute pain in the stomach and intestines, upset stool, and vomiting. Diarrhea and vomiting are so frequent that they cannot be stopped medicines. Diarrhea is watery, yellow-green in color.
After 2-3 days, symptoms of poisoning may disappear, as if the toxic mushroom had not been consumed. However, the consequences of poison entering the body quickly make themselves felt. Within a day, the pain resumes, vomiting and diarrhea occur again.
The effect of poison on the human body
There are several stages of the action of a toxic fungus on the human body:
- Latent period. Lasts up to two days. At this time there are no signs of poisoning. However, during this time, toxic substances manage to penetrate the blood and begin their destructive effect on internal organs. This time is also called the incubation period.
- Manifestation of symptoms. The fact that the body is affected by a toxic toxic substance is signaled by acute pain, frequent vomiting and diarrhea, since the poison causes inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach and small intestine. This period is also characterized by severe dehydration of the body, against the background of which a decrease in arterial pressure. The patient feels severe weakness, dizziness. During this period, convulsions and loss of consciousness often occur. Symptoms of intoxication appear within 1-2 days.
- Imaginary calm. On a short time all signs of intoxication disappear. The patient thinks that he is getting better, but this is only an appearance. This stage of poisoning is dangerous because when it enters the body large quantity toxic substance may come sudden death. The stage of imaginary calm lasts no more than 12 hours.
- Damage to parenchymal organs. Toxins have a destructive effect on the liver, so during this period they appear severe pain on the right side. The symptoms are similar to those of kidney failure. This stage is characterized by the presence of yellowness of the skin, mucous membranes oral cavity and eyes.
The lethal dose for an adult is a third of a mushroom cap. If this amount of poison enters the body, then death occurs as a result of acute heart failure and deep damage to the kidneys and liver. Death may occur within a week, and in the absence of timely treatment, already in the first day. But if the patient was provided on time health care, then after a few weeks the signs of intoxication disappear without a trace, and the internal organs affected by toxins are completely restored.
First aid for poisoning
In the event of poisoning by toadstool, it is important to quickly provide assistance to the victim, because a favorable outcome of treatment depends on this. If symptoms of intoxication appear in the first hours after eating mushrooms, you should immediately rinse your stomach. To do this, the patient drinks at least a liter of warm water and induces vomiting. The procedure should be repeated 5-6 times. However, gastric lavage at home may not have the desired effect if 6 hours have passed since the poison entered the body, since during this time the toxic substances have time to enter the blood.
At the same time as providing first aid, it is necessary to call a medical team. In the hospital, the patient's stomach is washed out using a tube, which is much more effective than a home procedure. The doctor prescribes the necessary sorbents and laxatives. However, they can also be taken at home when the first signs of intoxication appear. The most suitable laxative is magnesium sulfate. Effective sorbents are preparations based on milk thistle, Activated carbon, Smecta, Polysorb.
Autumn honey fungus (Armillariella mella)
Otherwise, it is also called real honey fungus or autumn mushroom. Autumn honey fungus can be found everywhere in the forest area and even in gardens. It grows on stumps, tree roots, often in windfalls, just on the ground, on living trees (birch, spruce) in large colonies, and if there is a drought, then honey mushrooms can be found on drying tree trunks at a height of 2-3 meters from the ground. The cap of this honey fungus reaches 10-15 cm, at first convex, then flat, often with a tubercle in the middle, yellowish-brown or grayish-brown in color, with fibrous scales that later disappear, darker in the center. The whitish flesh of the cap exudes a pleasant mushroom smell. The plates of a young mushroom are covered with a white film. As the film grows, it comes off the cap and hangs on the stem in the form of a ring. 
The leg can be from 5 to 10 cm long, depending on how open the growing area is: if the area is flat, it is shorter, if you have to reach towards the light, then it is longer. The thickness also varies from 0.7 to 2 cm depending on the soil. In terms of edibility, this mushroom is assigned the 3rd category, although in soups and fried it is in no way inferior to white mushroom, saffron milk cap, or any other cap mushroom of the first or second category.
Time mass collection This type of honey mushroom appears at the end of August and lasts until stable autumn frosts. Autumn honey fungus can be eaten fried, boiled, salted, pickled, it is also very good for drying.
100 grams of autumn honey mushrooms satisfy the daily need of the human body for zinc and copper, playing important role with blood formation. Caps of autumn honey mushrooms are consumed fresh, pickled, salted and dried.
Beautiful, but inedible!
False honey mushrooms
Latin name: Phallus impudicus
Class: Basidiomycetes - Basidial fungi, basidiomycetes
Subclass: Homobasidiomycetidae (Holobasidiomycetidae) - Homobasidiomycetes, holobasidiomycetes
Order: Phallales - Veselkovye, phallus
Species: Phallus impudicus
Used in the treatment of:
malignant tumors (sarcoma, melanoma, leukemia and other oncological diseases) – part of the so-called. "mushroom triad";
benign tumors (polyps, cysts, pituitary adenomas, prostate adenomas, etc.);
hypertension (in combination with shiitake);
healing of ulcers when applied externally.
Habitat: deciduous and mixed forests.
Spores: ovoid, ellipsoidal, smooth, greenish-yellowish in color.
Develops in the soil as an ovoid structure, size 40-60 x 30-50 mm
In folk medicine, infusions and tinctures from fresh or dried fruit bodies of Veselka are used. Vodka tincture is used for abdominal pain, used to wash wounds, and used to treat gout and kidney diseases.
Medicinal properties mushroom fungus
The ability of the active ingredients of veselka to remove cholesterol and lower blood pressure is the same as that of shiitake. Healers truly treated hypertension with tincture of Veselka! But that’s not all - fungal phytoncides of the Veselka also turned out to be more active. They kill herpes, flu, hepatitis and even AIDS viruses.
Veselka is also used in treatment cancer - malignant tumors of any location (Veselka vulgaris is used as a treatment for complex cancer treatment as part of the so-called “Mushroom triad”, together with shiitake, reishi, meitake and other mushroom preparations), resolves benign tumors, treats gastrointestinal ulcers, kidney diseases. Externally, Veselka vodka tincture is used to treat diseases of trophic ulcers, treatment of bedsores, bites, wounds, treatment of skin tumors.
Veselka mushroom as a treatment for malignant tumors
The active ingredients of Veselka cause increased production of perforins in the body (for more information about the perforin mechanism of action on the tumor, see the article on shiitake). A mechanism was also identified in which, when the veselka extract was introduced into the body, mature cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs) in much greater numbers (from 30 to 82%) came close to atypical cells and triggered the perforin mechanism of destroying the cancer cell.
Pluteus cervinus.
And in German – Dachpilz.
Edible mushroom.
Grows on fallen trunks of dead trees, on rotten wood, on stumps.
(Like honey fungus - only single.)
Quite harmless. But he gets it more than many others - for some reason he is often called “toadstool”...
Sheep mushroom
It breeds in summer and autumn in coniferous forests. Grows on soil.
The cap of the sheep's mushroom is usually from 4 to 10 cm in diameter, white, later creamy in color, smooth in youth, divided into sections with age, curved, often connecting several specimens. The tubular layer is initially white, later yellowish, descending to the stem, and is difficult to separate. The pores of the tubes are round and narrow. The leg is dense, short, located in the center or side. The pulp is dense, cheese-like, white, and yellow when dry. The smell is pleasant.
Edible and tasty mushroom.
Orange beetle (Aleuria aurantia, Peziza aurantia), family Pyronemataceae, order Pezizales, division Ascomycota
The mushroom grows on clayey forest paths from spring to autumn. It was on the path that I met him. Edible even raw, it is used to decorate salads. Like all ascomycetes (marsupial fungi), there are special organs for sexual sporulation - bags (asci), most often containing 8 ascospores.
From time immemorial, mushrooms called BLACKBERRY have been known in Rus'.
Coral mushroom, botrytoides - Ramaria botrytoides (Peck.) Corner.
The fruiting body is 10-16 cm high, 3-15 cm wide, branched almost from the very base, cream-colored, then slightly brownish, the tips of the branches are salmon-brown. The branches are long, re-branched.
The stem of the mushroom is short and white. Spores 7-11x3-4 µm, ellipsoid, yellowish-brown, smooth or slightly rough.
Grows on soil in mixed forests, in late summer - early autumn.
Coral mushrooms, in common parlance deer horns"Edibility" is easy to determine. Just bite off a small piece; if the mushroom doesn’t taste bitter, put it in the basket!
Forest champignon
Real puffball (lat. Lycoperdon) is a genus of mushrooms of the Champignon family (previously belonged to the puffball family (Lycoperdaceae)).
The raincoat has many popular names. Usually, the puffball itself is called young, dense mushrooms that have not yet formed a powdery mass of spores (“dust”). Also called bee sponge, hare potato, and ripe mushroom - puffer, puffer, duster, grandfather's tobacco, wolf tobacco, tobacco mushroom, damn tavlinka, etc. Puffballs and puffballs (the exception is the common puffball) are edible until they lose their whiteness.
By the way, the “dust” of a mature raincoat is used in folk medicine in the treatment of skin diseases!
I was very wary of it at first and tried it once! The soup turns out very aromatic - no worse than from boiled store-bought champignons! I collect them now without fear of getting poisoned! :)))
Real puffball (lat. Lycoperdon) is a genus of mushrooms of the Champignon family.
DELICIOUS (on olive oil, with a bow)...
About 600 varieties of puffballs are known, almost all edible, with very rare exceptions.
IN ADDITION, HEALING: the main feature of this mushroom is that it removes toxins from the body.
Common scalyfoot
Pholiota squarrosa
An edible mushroom, used fresh (boiled for about 20 minutes) in second courses, more tasty when pickled and marinated with spices. The spruce form is a little bitter, it is better to salt and marinate it. The stems are collected only from young mushrooms with an unopened cap and yellowish (not brownish-brown) flesh.
Dung beetle shimmering.
A wonderful and very tasty edible mushroom.
In German - Glimmer-Tintling.
Tintling literally means "inkpot". When the mushroom ripens, it turns black and spreads into black liquid (these are the spores with which it reproduces).
But while it is young, it is a delicacy (despite its name)! It is much tastier than many other mushrooms (for example, all sorts of banal boletuses and boletuses). I recommend!
It does not require any pre-treatment, no boiling or draining of water.
The only “but” is that it cannot be combined with alcohol. It contains a special substance that, when combined with alcohol, causes severe poisoning.
(It is very likely that this mushroom is not collected from us, they are afraid of it and consider it poisonous precisely because someone has ever tried to taste vodka with it...)
In the West they treat alcoholics - they feed them in clinics with these mushrooms, since they cause an allergy to alcohol. However, this method seems doubtful to me, because allergies are highest degree unstable: at most after three days not a trace remains of it. I have been convinced of this many times from personal experience.
So, there should be a break of three days: if you eat these mushrooms, don’t drink for three days; drank - do not eat these mushrooms for three days. And if you meet this condition, you will receive incomparable gastronomic pleasure!
He is often found in the city. It goes without saying that in the city you cannot collect or eat any mushrooms at all, since they absorb car exhaust fumes, heavy metals and other shit. And in the village, somewhere behind a barn, you can immediately put it in the frying pan! It is also found in the forest.
Very often, everything related to alcohol is mistakenly, out of ignorance - or out of reinsurance - also transferred to the white dung beetle, Coprinus comatus. This is not true. TO white dung beetle this has nothing to do with it. In general, the collection of fresh umbrellas is cleaned, boiled or fried, after pouring boiling water over them and removing the outer skin. One or two caps of a large umbrella is enough to change the taste family dish... Some mushroom gourmets also eat umbrellas raw, using them in slices for sandwiches.
The name of the mushroom - dung beetle - is associated with manure only indirectly.
This is “tracing paper” with Latin name this genus of mushrooms: Coprinus.
In Greek κόπρος means feces (dung).
But this has nothing to do with where the fungus grows (and, by the way, it does not necessarily grow on manure).
But the fact is that such representatives of this genus as Coprinus atramentarius and Coprinus micaceus contain poison - coprine (which is also found in manure), and this is where it comes from Russian name"dung beetle".
The mushroom is edible only at a young age, before the plates begin to stain. It is necessary to process it no later than 1 - 2 hours after collection, since the autolysis reaction continues even in frozen mushrooms. It is recommended to pre-boil it as conditionally edible, although there are claims that the mushroom is edible even in its raw form. It is also not recommended to mix dung beetles with other mushrooms.
In Russia mushroom for a long time was unpopular, was considered a “toadstool”, but in some European countries(Czech Republic, Finland, France) is highly valued and considered a delicacy.
Umbrella mushroom (Macrolepiota) (lat. Macrolepiota) is a genus of mushrooms of the champignon family.
Often other mushrooms belonging to similar genera (lepiota, cystoderm) are also called “umbrellas”.
Most known species edible, some are considered a delicacy.
Fruiting bodies are medium to large in size, capped, central.
The cap at a young age is ovoid or hemispherical, in mature mushrooms it is flat or broadly bell-shaped, thick or thin fleshy, white or light, with a low, rounded or pointed tubercle. The skin is whitish to brown, remains on the tubercle, quickly cracks on the rest of the surface and forms scales.
The flesh of the cap is white, in some species it becomes colored when damaged.
In general, the collection of fresh umbrellas is cleaned, boiled or fried, after pouring boiling water over them and removing the outer skin. One or two caps of a large umbrella is enough to change the taste of a family dish... Some mushroom gourmets also eat umbrellas raw, consuming it in slices for sandwiches.
An excellent edible mushroom. You only need to assemble the caps, leaving the hard legs in place. Fried in breading, like schnitzels, umbrella caps are a real delicacy.
(Amanita phalloides), the green variety of which is often called green, is the most dangerous poisonous mushroom in our forests. This mushroom of the Amanitaceae family ( Amanitaceae), genus Amanita ( Amanita) has such high concentration phalloidin, that all parts of it are deadly poisonous. Even a small piece of toadstool can lead to a tragic ending. When boiling, drying and other processing, the poison does not lose its strength.
Everyone knows what a pale grebe looks like. However, every year many people poisoned by this poisonous mushroom end up in hospitals in very serious condition. The fact is that the pale toadstool sometimes disguises itself as tasty. For example, it is easily confused with some champignons, floats and rows. Those people who buy homemade, delicious-looking mushroom preparations also become victims.
Pallid grebe (photo from Wikipedia)
Description of the pale grebe
Hat. The diameter of the cap of the pale toadstool is up to 14 cm. More often - up to 10 cm. Its silky skin has a greenish-olive or grayish-green color. central part the caps are often slightly darker and the edges lighter. The skin is usually smooth, less often scales are visible on it, which are the remains of the bedspread. Young mushrooms have a convex cap, which becomes flat-convex or prostrate as they grow. The cap plates are white. The flesh is white, greenish under the skin. There are pale toadstools of a rarer white form.
Leg. The length of the leg of the pale grebe can be up to 20 cm, thickness up to 2 cm. The color of the leg is white, greenish-yellow veins, stains or patterns are clearly visible on it. The leg is widened at the bottom. The pallid grebe has several distinctive features, helping to recognize this terrible mushroom.
Mushroom pickers should be alerted to the whitish ring in the upper part of the stem, which can be solid, torn or inconspicuous, similar to flakes. It is formed from a film covering the plates of young pale grebes. The calyx-volva, torn into three or four lobes when a young mushroom appears, should also scare away. Volva is located at the bottom of the leg (near the ground). The leg does not adhere to the Volvo, it seems that it is inserted into it. The color of the outer side of the Volva is whitish, yellowish or greenish. It seems that the sac-like cup of the Volva is prepared “for growth.”
The most dangerous mushroom in this regard is the toadstool. It is easily recognized by the whitish bulb at the end of the stalk and the disheveled whitish skirt just below the white cap with a ribbed sporangium. The poison is lethal even in minute quantities (B.T. Chuvin “A Man in an Extreme Situation”).
Pale toadstools are moisture-loving, rainy weather they appear en masse in entire “plantations.” In the drier areas of the country, the pallid grebe is much less common. The mushroom often grows in deciduous and mixed forests. But this does not exclude its appearance in conifers. Especially in pine forests, where there is a lot of sphagnum moss.
The pallid grebe appears with . The peak of its growth is observed from the second half to the middle.
Mushroom counterparts to toadstool
If all the toadstools looked “like the picture,” then there would not be so many people who put this poisonous mushroom in their basket, and then in the frying pan.
IN last years in the forests there are a lot of mutant mushrooms in... The pale grebe also “learned” to camouflage itself. Even experienced mushroom pickers sometimes cannot distinguish it from russula, honey mushroom or champignon (V. Zhavoronkov “The ABCs of Safety in Emergency Situations”).
Russula is green and greenish. The green variety of white toadstool is often confused with the very common russula. The main differences: the absence of a ring on the white stem of the russula. Legs green and greenish russula have no scales or patterns. There is no volvo at the base of the russula stem.
Loading...
