Many mushroom pickers are interested in where porcini mushrooms grow now? And this is not surprising, because fans " quiet hunt"we treat this macromycete with reverence, which is called a miracle mushroom kingdom. Therefore, the question “where they grow” is far from idle. Any mushroom picker with great joy will put them in his basket.

Description

In the white mushroom early age the cap is hemispherical, but over time it straightens, becomes more convex, and sometimes flattens. Its diameter can reach 20 cm or more. The color of the cap varies from light brown to dark brown. The color directly depends on the place where the porcini mushrooms grow. In coniferous forests, the caps are chestnut-brown with a reddish tint or a dark brown tint. In deciduous forests their color is pale yellow or light. The color scheme also depends on the light level. In the sun, the mushroom seems to tan - its surface becomes darker.

In young ones the layer is matte white. Over time, the color becomes slightly yellowish, somewhat with a greenish tint. Young macromycetes have a barrel-shaped stalk, light gray or light brown. As it grows in height, it acquires a cylindrical shape. Its diameter is up to 7 cm, height - up to 15 cm. The pulp is white, strong, and does not change its color when broken. Fresh mushrooms do not have a specific smell. Rich in vitamin D.

These macromycetes are found everywhere in mixed, deciduous and coniferous forests. They are collected from June to October. The most interesting thing is that you can determine where porcini mushrooms of a particular subspecies grow by the color of their fruiting body. According to this characteristic and “forest registration”, there are about twenty varieties of macromycetes. So, they distinguish between spruce and birch, pine and cow, as well as others. All these macromycetes belong to highest category. They grow on all types of soil, except peat. In some regions these mushrooms are found in very large quantities.

Porcini mushrooms form mycorrhizae with some tree species. They bear fruit in waves. The first wave begins in early June, the second - closer to mid-July, the third - in August, etc. The yield varies. As a rule, the first harvest is the leanest. Mushroom pickers believe that this macromycete is somehow connected with Where it grows White mushroom, you can meet poisonous handsome man. Moreover, white accompanies fly agaric. If the latter bears fruit, it means that a porcini mushroom has appeared. True, the reliability of this information is difficult to verify.

Culinary use

Porcini mushrooms are eaten pickled, stewed, fried, boiled, or dried. Countless dishes are prepared from them. And if a fresh specimen does not have a special smell (as already mentioned), then the aroma of dried macromycetes is simply unique. Some mushroom pickers believe that any other use of this product is blasphemy. By the way, if you keep dry porcini mushrooms in lightly salted milk for several hours, they again become as if they were fresh. These macromycetes are twice as nutritious as chicken eggs.

The forest thicket is rich in its flora. One of its components is mushrooms. Among their diversity, one stands out - the main one - the porcini mushroom. The porcini mushroom brings great benefits to the human body. But it can also cause considerable harm to health if the mushroom picker makes mistakes. It is important to know when and where to pick mushrooms, in which forests they grow, and how to distinguish a real porcini mushroom from its double.

Let's go for mushrooms in the right places

The porcini mushroom is found in almost all latitudes of the globe. It grows in European, American, Chinese, Siberian, Turkish and Mongolian forests. The Australians were the only ones unlucky: not a single boletus was found in Australia.

Porcini mushrooms grow almost all over the world

White trees grow next to birch, beech, and spruce trees. They are especially abundant in oak forests, which is where they got their second name. They like the proximity of juniper; mushrooms take a lot of nutrients from it and grow especially large.

But boletus groves avoid aspen groves and alder thickets; there is very little food left for them.

Advice. If you find one porcini mushroom in a birch grove or oak forest, do not rush to straighten your back. Boletus mushrooms grow in families, look for them and you will definitely come across more.

The porcini mushroom, like any other representative of this genus, loves warm wet places, so it grows in lowlands where humidity is maximum. It should also be noted that whites do not grow in young forests. You will never see them in recent plantings.

Important! Never pick mushrooms near plants and factories. The mycelium, like a sponge, absorbs everything in the soil. Often, experienced mushroom pickers poison their bodies with products collected in environmentally polluted places.

Boletus collection time

There is no specific harvest date for porcini mushrooms. The first of them appear in mid-June. The season ends with real night frosts, which means it can last until the end of October. If the air temperature rises early, boletus mushrooms can be found in May.

Porcini mushrooms have a phenomenal growth rate. A young mushroom, weighing up to 5 g, becomes a 250-gram hero in 4-5 days. There have been cases when mushroom pickers boasted of specimens whose weight exceeded 500 g and reached 1 kg. We can consider these stories to be akin to fishing tales, but in 1961 a record mushroom was found weighing about 11 kg, the diameter of its cap was almost 60 cm.

How to distinguish a real porcini mushroom from a false one

The type of boletus directly depends on the place of growth. Elements contained in the soil affect color and shape.

Depending on where they grow, porcini mushrooms can have different colors.

1. Oak porcini mushroom - distinguished by a light coffee-colored cap, up to 30 cm in diameter. It has a pleasant velvety feel to the touch. The tubular layer has a light olive tint; the stem has a white mesh, which is clearly visible along its entire length. This variety of porcini mushroom is found in oak and linden groves; in the south it can be found next to edible chestnuts. Valued by mushroom pickers for its unique aroma and light nutty flavor that persists after drying.
2. Birch porcini mushroom - has an almost white cap with a slight yellowish tint. It grows small in size - up to 15 cm in diameter. The tubular body of a young boletus is completely white, becoming yellowish with age. The leg is light, brownish, covered with a white mesh only in its upper part. Found in birch groves.
3. Pine porcini mushroom - unlike other representatives, it has a bright wine-colored cap. Olive colored tubular layer. The leg also has a mesh, but of a reddish tint. Found in light and warm areas of coniferous forest, but in hot season can hide in the shade of dense crowns.

Porcini mushroom is a first category mushroom, it is edible and extremely useful. It can be eaten without heat treatment. But you should be very careful, because even to experienced mushroom pickers False whites, which are conditionally edible, or even inedible and poisonous, may end up in the basket.

The main difference between all false mushrooms– color of the tubular body under the cap. For example, at gall fungus it is slightly pinkish. Also, this double has an extremely bitter taste, which intensifies during processing. Not a single inhabitant of the forest will ever set his sights on him.

White mushroom is very useful for humans

Another representative of doubles - satanic mushroom. Unlike the gall mushroom, which is inedible but not poisonous, the satanic mushroom is extremely dangerous for humans. The reference book defines it as conditionally edible, but the satanic mushroom can be eaten only after 10 hours of heat treatment. Just 10 g of raw mushroom pulp can cause paralysis of the entire human nervous system. The color and shape of the cap of this false mushroom identical to white. The tubular layer can have all sorts of shades of red: from orange to pink. The mesh layer is red. The pulp is light, but turns blue when cut within 5 minutes. Old representatives of the satanic mushroom have a terrible smell of rotten onions.

Important. It is recommended to check the change in color of the cut on the legs directly during collection.

Who especially benefits from porcini mushroom?

Boletus contains many elements beneficial to the human body. It contains especially a lot of vegetable protein. In addition, the mushroom pulp contains vitamins PP, C, B, B1; trace elements: iodine, zinc, copper.

Porcini mushroom broths can put a person back on his feet after complex operation. Boletuses stimulate digestive function, they have antitumor properties, and also help tone muscles and increase their endurance. Porcini mushroom is strongly recommended for consumption by athletes, vegetarians, people predisposed to cancer, and those with gastrointestinal problems.

Collection of porcini mushrooms: video

White mushroom: photo

The porcini mushroom (boletus) belongs to the tubular mushrooms and belongs to the species Boletus edulis sensu lato of the Boletaceae family. Grows throughout the European part of Eurasia. In total, about 18 of its forms are known. In order not to make mistakes when picking porcini mushrooms, you need to have some information about their appearance and the basic rules of conduct for a mushroom grower.

Kinds

Spruce porcini mushroom (Boletus edulis f. edulis Fr.) is the most common. It is characterized by an elongated leg with thickening downwards. The hat is brown with a red-chestnut tint. The surface is smooth and dry. Grows in spruce forests.

Oak porcini mushroom (Boletus edulis f. quercicola) is distinguished by a gray-brown cap, which is occasionally covered with light spots. The pulp is looser. Grows in oak groves and forests.

Birch white mushroom (Boletus betulicolus or Boletus edulis f. Betulicola) is characterized by a beige cap. Grows under birch trees.

The pine porcini mushroom (Boletus pinophilus) is characterized by a large dark hat often purple in color. The color of the pulp is brown-red.

The main difference between the lemon-yellow porcini mushroom (Boletus edulis f. citrinus) is the lemon-yellow or bright yellow color of the cap. Grows in spruce-pine forests.

The smooth-stalked white mushroom (Boletus edulis f. laevipes) is distinguished by the absence of a mesh on the stalk. Grows in birch forests.

External signs

The porcini mushroom has a smooth and dry surface. The diameter of the boletus cap reaches 25 cm. When it is small, the cap is hemispherical, and after maturation it becomes cushion-shaped. The color of the cap can vary from beige to brown. The pulp is white and does not change color when cut. The length of the leg is up to 17 cm, the thickness is about 2-6 cm. The leg is oval, thickens from bottom to bottom, covered with a mesh pattern on top white. Whites grow unusually quickly, gaining about 4 cm in length per day.

Doubles

It is important to carry out collection carefully, since very often there are inedible look-alikes whites, also called “false whites”. Therefore, you should know their features.

The gall mushroom (Tylopilus felleus) or bitterling from the genus Tylopil has an external resemblance to young oak boletus. It has the same convex cap of a brownish or brownish color. The leg is oval-shaped, thickened at the base and covered with a mesh pattern. The color of the finely porous tubular layer is not typical for boletus mushrooms; it is pink or off-white. But the main difference is the very bitter taste, which even repels insects. Therefore, the double always looks flawless.

Satanic mushroom(Boletus satanas) also represents the genus Boletus. It has a cushion-shaped cap and a barrel-shaped stem. The cap is grayish-white, olive or brownish. The tubular layer is orange or any shades of red. Characteristic signs: The mesh leg in the middle has a rich red color, and when cut within five minutes the flesh turns blue. Old individuals have the smell of rotting onions.

Collection time

When to collect boletus mushrooms? When going into the forest to pick mushrooms, it is important to know when to pick them and where. Because the optimal temperature for the growth of porcini mushrooms lasts a long time in July and August, at this time it is worth looking for them. The greater the temperature changes and humidity, the less the boletus fruiting bodies develop. The best climatic conditions short-term thunderstorms with foggy, warm nights are recognized. The collection begins before sunrise, since at this time of day they are much more visible. You need to walk slowly, carefully examining your surroundings. Boletus mushrooms grow in well-drained, moist sandy or loamy soils.

If the summer is wet, you should look for boletus away from trees on dry, well-warmed hills, clearings, and edges. And if the summer is dry, it is better to look under trees, in thick grass - where moisture is well retained. In addition, it is believed that boletus mushrooms grow more often where morels grow.

The favorite delicacy of worms is fresh porcini mushrooms. Pests are especially active in hot weather. There is such a peculiarity for white ones that grow in an open place: the root is clean, but the cap turns out to be wormy. Worms make their way into the cap from below; the worm passages and the bottom of the cap are brown. Such mushrooms need to be cut in half and cleaned of wormholes.

Mature boletus is not afraid of frost. Therefore, if the collection was carried out after a severe frost, the thawed whites will have their normal look and taste.

The Moscow region is famous for its mushroom places. August and September are the months when they stock up on mushrooms for the winter. At this time, in the Moscow region, in the forest, you can collect full baskets of boletus, saffron milk caps, aspen boletus, birch boletus, and moss mushrooms. From the second half of August, milk mushrooms, saffron milk caps, and white trumpets appear in the forests of the Moscow region. In all directions of Moscow railway there are places where you can go for mushrooms. Let's figure out where to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region, what mushrooms grow in the Moscow region and how to safely pick mushrooms. Study the map, remember the mushroom places in the Moscow region and boldly go into the forest.

Map mushroom places Moscow region

Mushroom places on the map of the Moscow region - enlarged by clicking

Where to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region - Kazan direction

Gzhel station. 4 - 5 km north of the railway, in the vicinity of the villages of Minino and Konyashino.

Grigoryevo station.

Ingatyevo station.

Kuzyaevo station. On both sides of the railway.

Shevlyagino station. North of the platform 2 km towards the villages of Averkovo and Shabanovo.

Platform 73rd km, Antsiferovo, station. Boletuses. 3 - 4 km from the railway.

Where to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region - Ryazan direction

Bronnitsy station. 5 - 6 km from the villages of Biserovo, Plaskinino.

Platform 63 km. 3 - 4 km from the railway.

Faustovo station. 3 - 4 km from the railway.

Peski station. 5 - 6 km near the villages of Berdniki and Novoselki.

Konev Boy station. In the direction of the villages of Shelukhino and Klimovka.

Shchurovo station. Located near the village of the same name coniferous forest. Chanterelles and porcini mushrooms.

Chernaya station. Located among a light pine forest. This is a cult place for mushroom pickers near Moscow. Even at the entrance to the station you can see them wandering among the tall trunks. When you leave the station, you almost immediately find yourself in the forest. Among the pines you can look for boletus and chanterelles. Pig mushrooms also love coniferous forests, but it is not recommended to collect them: these mushrooms absorb very quickly harmful substances. Either take them young, or discard them altogether.

Lukhovitsy station. Not far from the station there are two forests. The one to the north attracts with porcini mushrooms and boletus mushrooms. The locals call it that way: birch forest. After walking a couple of kilometers along a country road towards Moscow, you will come to an unusually beautiful pond. It is located on the edge of the forest, which is replete with boletus and aspen mushrooms.

Where to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region - Yaroslavl direction

Pravda station. 1 - 2 km from the railway on both sides. To the east - towards the village of Nazarovo. To the west - towards the village of Stepankovo.

Pushkino station. This is one of the most environmentally friendly areas of the Moscow region. There are a lot of forest areas. Local grannies assure that there are mushrooms there. It all depends on your desire and perseverance. Lots of chanterelles and russula.

Sokolovskaya station. By bus number 349 from the station. From the Shchelkovskaya metro station you reach the final station (Shchelkovo-7), then you can catch a car and drive in a south-west direction. You disembark and walk through the forest in the same direction. From Yaroslavsky station by train to Fryazevo or Monino to Sokolovskaya. Next, take a bus or minibus to the village of Krasnoznamensky, then walk about 2 - 2.5 km north to the Klyazma River. It takes 40 minutes to get to Sokolovskaya by train.

Zelenogradskaya station. 2 km west of the platform in the direction of the village of Daryino.

Sofrino station. 3 - 4 km west of the platform in the direction of the villages of Mitropolye and Novovoronino.

Ashukinskaya station. Cross the rails and move into the thick of the forest. According to locals, there are a lot of boletuses here. You won't return with empty baskets. You can take a break on the banks of the Vyaz River. The water is clean, so you can swim. 4 - 5 km west of the railway in the direction of the villages of Novovoronino and Martyankovo.

Kalistovo station. 3 - 4 km west of the platform, in the forests near the village of Artemovo. To the east - towards the village of Golygino and along the banks of the Vori River.

Abramtsevo station. 4 - 5 km west of the platform near the villages of Zhuchki and Akhtyrka.

Semkhoz station. On both sides of the railway. To the south - towards the villages of Vysokovo, Morozovo, to the west - towards the village of Shapilovo.

Station 76 km. This is the longest mushroom hunting trip. We walk the first 5 km to the Yaroslavl highway at a brisk pace, admiring nature, but don’t forget to look under the Christmas trees. Red boletus caps await you here. Go out to the shore of Lake Torbeevskoye. You can swim, have lunch, ride a jet ski or rent a catamaran. There are restaurants, cafes, and kebab shops. You can spend the night in hotel complex on the shore. From the shore you move north parallel to the Yaroslavl highway. Five kilometers to the highest waterfall in the Moscow region - Gremyachey. There are a lot of mushrooms in this area.

Sharapovo village. This place local residents are called "rows". Porcini mushrooms are hiding under the moss in the swamp. If you arrive in early August, you will be greeted by a wild raspberry harvest. How to get there: from Yaroslavsky station to Sergiev Posad, then by bus to Sharapovo to the “Cemetery” stop. You go down to the lake and go around it on the left to the forest area.

The most mushroom route: from the platform 43 km to the west there are deciduous forests. You can move along the highway or forest paths to the village of Mitropole. Then you go from there along the banks of the Vyaz River, which will lead to the village of Eldigino. Next, the route will lead southeast to the village of Daryino. And from here the forest road, after about 3 km, will lead to the Zelenogradskaya platform. The length of the route is about 16 km.

Where to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region - Leningrad direction

Podrezkovo station. 1.5 km south of the railway line along the right bank of the Skhodnya River in the direction of the villages of Ivanovskoye and Korostovo.

Firsanovka station. There are mushrooms on both sides of the railroad. In the north - 1.5 km from the station towards the villages of Novye Rzhavki, Nazaryevo and further towards the village of Klushino. In the west - 3 km from the station across the Goretovka River towards the village of Ruzino and near Pyatnitskoye Highway.

Beryozki Dachnye station. 1 - 2 km from the railway on both sides. From the west - towards the village of Snopovo and to the banks of the Istrinsky reservoir. On the eastern side - on the territory of the former Verkhne-Klyazminsky Nature Reserve towards the village of Terehovo.

Golovkovo station. 1.5 km north of the station in the direction of the village of Ermakovo.

Pokrovka station. On both sides of the station. From the north side - towards the villages of Koskovo, Dulepovo, Shakhmatovo. On the south side - to the villages of Zamyatino and Nikulino.

Frolovskoye station. 2 - 3 km from the railway on both sides. East of the station - in the direction of the villages of Dulepovo and Golenishchevo. To the west - towards the villages of Marfino and Vvedenskoye.

The most mushroom route: northeast from Firsanovka station to the village of Nazaryevo. Further - again to the northeast. Near the village of Elino, the route will cross the Leningradskoye Highway and lead into a dense mixed forest. This is the land of boletus mushrooms, porcini mushrooms, saffron milk caps and honey mushrooms. The trail leads to the banks of the Klyazma to the village of Poyarkovo.

The map of mushroom places in the Moscow region increases by clicking

Where to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region - Savelovskoe direction

Lobnya station. 3 km east of the railway line in the direction of the Pyalovsky reservoir.

Lugovaya station. Mushrooms can be found on both sides of the railway: in the west, 2 km towards the village of Ozeretskoye. To the east of the station - 3 km towards the villages of Sholokhovo, Fedoskino, as well as along the banks of the Pyalovsky reservoir. In these places you can collect a good harvest of chanterelles, boletus and boletus.

Lugovaya station. Mushrooms can be found on both sides of the railway: in the west, 2 km towards the village of Ozeretskoye. To the east of the station - 3 km towards the villages of Sholokhovo, Fedoskino, as well as along the banks of the Pyalovsky reservoir. In these places you can collect a good harvest of chanterelles, boletus and boletus. From Savelovsky railway station to Lugovoy station it takes 40 minutes. You can get there by any train, except the next one to Orudevo station.

Nekrasovskaya station. A kilometer west from the platform towards the village of Ozeretskoye. From Moscow to Nekrasovka it takes 42 minutes.

Catuar station. 2 km west of the station.

Trudovaya station. In a southwest direction.

Iksha station. There are mushrooms 2 km west of the station in the direction of the villages of Staro-Podgornoye, Khoroshilovo, Lupanovo. Boletus and boletus are found in these places. From Khoroshilov to the northeast to the Morozki platform. From Savelovsky station to Iksha - 54 minutes by train.

Morozki station. There are mushrooms on both sides of the railway: 1.5 km in the west - near the villages of Novlyanka, Grigorkovo, 2 km in the east - near the villages of Sboevo, Grishino, Novinki. Travel time from the station is 1 hour.

Tourist station. Mushrooms can be found on both sides of the railway: to the west - 4 km towards the villages of Dyakovo, Paramonovo, Strekovo. 2 km in the east - towards the villages of Shustino and Ulyanki. From Moscow to Tourist it takes 1 hour and 7 minutes.

Vlasovo station. A kilometer west of the station towards the villages of Bobylino and Popadyino. 1.5 km on the north side of the railway in the direction of the villages of Rastovtsy, Sorokino. It takes 2 hours to get to Vlasovo station. You can get there by train going to Taldom or Savelov.

Taldom station. 4 km southwest towards the villages of Nagovitsino and Gusenki. There are a lot of chanterelles in these places. From Savelovsky station to Taldom - 2 hours 10 minutes.

The most mushroom route: from Iksha station, go towards the village of Khoroshilovo (about 2 km). From here you need to turn northeast to the Morozki platform. The length of the route is about 15 km.

Where to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region - Riga direction

Opalikha station. In the north of Opalikha station in the direction of the village of Saburovo and in the forests along the banks of the Nakhabinka, Banka and Sinichka rivers, in the south towards the villages of Nikolo-Uryupino and Voronki there is a forest rich in mushrooms. To get to these places you need to walk 2 - 3 km, since there is no transport from the railway station. You can't drive a car there either. The train to Opalikha takes about 35 minutes.

Nakhabino station. According to locals, there are mushrooms 4 km north of the station towards Kozino along the banks of the Nakhabinka River. The drive to Moscow is about 45 minutes.

The village of Pavlovskaya Sloboda. The surroundings of this village are rich in mushrooms, in particular champignons. From the railway station From Nakhabino to Pavlovskaya Sloboda there is minibus No. 23, the ride to the village is about 10 minutes. There are lakes near Pavlovskaya Sloboda and the village of Valednikovo, where you can swim. Both in Nakhabino and Pavlovskaya Sloboda they sell mushrooms, mainly champignons.

Dedovsk station. 3 - 4 km from the station to the north from the railway line towards Turov and Nikolo-Cherkizovo.

Snegiri station. On both sides of the railway. In the north - 2 km from the station towards Eremeev, in the south - a kilometer towards the village of Zhevnevo and along the right bank of the Istra River.

Kholshcheviki station. A kilometer south of the station and further in the forests along the right bank of the Malaya Istra River.

Yadroshino station. On both sides of the railway. In the north - a kilometer from the station towards the village of Markovo-Kursakovo. In the south - behind the Volokolamsk highway, 3 km from the station, in the direction of the villages of Lapino and Novodarino.

Kursakovskaya station. To the east from the station towards the village of Markovo-Kursakovo.

Rumyantsevo station. 2 - 3 km from the railway line on both sides. In the eastern and northern directions - towards the villages of Rybushki, Savelyevo, Dolevo, along the banks of the Maglushi River. In a south-west direction - towards Lake Trostenskoye.

Lesodolgorukovo station. To the north of the railway line towards the villages of Nudol-Sharino, Maryino.

The most mushroom route: 2 km north of Opalikha station, behind the village of Novonikolskoye, on the banks of the Banka River. The forest here extends for several kilometers to the west and east. Go around the village of Saburovo from the west and head towards the village of Fedorovka. From the village of Yurlovo on Pyatnitskoye Highway you can take a bus back to Moscow. The length of the route is 12 km.

Where to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region - Belarusian direction

Zhavoronki station. 1 km south of the station, in the direction of the villages of Mitkino, Sumino, Malye Vyazemy. 2 - 3 km north of the railway line towards the village of Nazaryevo, in the vicinity of which you can now “hunt” for chanterelles and honey mushrooms, as well as in the forest along the banks of the Bolshaya and Malaya Vyazemka rivers. From Belorussky Station to Zhavoronki it takes about 50 minutes by train.

Khlyupino station (Zvenigorodskaya line from Golitsyno station). From the southwest the forest came close to the railway line. Route in the direction of the villages of Raevo and Alyaukhovo. To the north and northeast of the station you can go through the forest to the villages of Chigasovo and Goryshkino. There are mushrooms in locality Malye Vyazemy. Malye Vyazemy station is one stop on the train, before reaching Golitsyn.

In the Smolensk direction Golitsyno is the most Big City. Various mushrooms are sold at the market near the station. If you decide to spend the weekend in the Moscow region, you can spend the night in Golitsyn: there is a small hotel in former House Writers' Union (1 and 2 local numbers). The rooms are not luxurious, but there is a shower and toilet. To get to the hotel, you need to turn left from the platform and walk about 700 meters in a straight line. The low red brick building on the right is the hotel.

Skorotovo station (Zvenigorod line). To the north from the station in the direction of the village of Dunino, to the east - towards Chigasov, to the south and southwest - to the villages of Raevo and Alyaukhovo.

Zvenigorod station. In the western and eastern directions from the station in the vicinity of the villages of Maryino, Salkovo, Dunino. In the west - near the villages of Klopovo, Pestovo, as well as along the banks of the Ostrovnya River. There is a minibus going to Zvenigorod from Golitsyno station.

Stations Sushkinskaya, Petelino, Chastsovskaya and Portnovskaya (the stations follow each other). 2 - 3 km from the stations, a huge forest stretches in a southern direction for many kilometers, to the Kyiv direction railway.

Petelino station. In the northern direction there is a forest rich in mushrooms (north is Right side railway tracks, if you travel from Moscow). At the station Petelino there is a sign to the Petelino poultry farm. If you follow this road, you can come to places rich in mushrooms, a lot of honey mushrooms. From Moscow to Petelin it takes about an hour.

The most mushroom route: from Petelino station you walk along the Ostrovni River to the north, passing the village of Tatarki, the village of Gar-Pokrovskoye and the village of Ivonino. Then walk about 6 kilometers along a forest path along the bank of the Ostrovni River to the village of Pestovo. From here head north-east through the forests to the village of Klopovo. 2 km east of it is the Zvenigorod station.

Where to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region - Kiev direction

Here in the vast deciduous and mixed forests mushrooms of all kinds grow

Pobeda station. Mushrooms on both sides of the railway (1 km). In the southeast - towards the village of Kalugino. In the west - to the villages of Sumino, Sanniki, Mamyri. It is better to get there from the Kievsky railway station on all trains, except those going to the Airport, Solnechny and Lesnoy Gorodok. It takes 48 minutes to get to Pobeda station.

Dachnaya station. 2 km south of the platform in the forest beyond the Desna River, in the vicinity of the villages of Svitino and Timonino. Travel time from Moscow is 55 minutes.

Selyatino station. Move south and southeast from the station in directions to the villages of Syryevo, Glagolevo, Ignatovo. From Kievsky railway station to Selyatino station - approximately 1 hour 3 minutes by train.

Rassudovo station. 2 - 3 km east of the railway line in the direction to the village of Glagolevo, as well as in the vicinity of the villages of Kuznetsovo, Dolgtino, Ignatovo.

Ozhigovo station. A path goes south from the platform, which after 1.5 km intersects with the Kyiv highway. Then the path goes through fields. Head south. It's easy to get lost here, so you need to take a compass. After crossing the Ladyrka River, you will find yourself in a forest - Kuznetsovskoe forestry. You can return to Moscow from the Bekasovo or Zosimova Pustyn platforms, which are located to the west. There are quite a lot of russula and nigella in these places. From Moscow to Ozhigov it takes 1 hour and 10 minutes.

Bekasovo station. Mushrooms on both sides of the railway in the area of ​​1 - 2 km. Head east and south from the station, in these places the forests are very rich in mushrooms, especially in the area of ​​the villages of Ivanovka, Afanasovka, Savelovka and Mogutovo. From Kievsky station to Bekasov it takes 1 hour 12 minutes only by train, going to Maloyaroslavets.

Bashkino station. Forests on the west side of the railway. 2 km east of the station towards the village of Pokrovka. The forests are rich in russula and other mushrooms. Bashkin can be reached in 1 hour 47 minutes.

Obninskoye station. North-west of the station, 2 - 3 km towards the villages of Samsonovo, Belkino, as well as on both banks of the Protva River.

The most mushroom route: a path goes south from the Ozhigovo platform. After 1.5 km it crosses Kievskoye Highway. Then the path goes through fields. In the west you can see the village of Sotnikovo. From here it is better to move in a southerly direction. You cross the Ladyrka River and find yourself in the Kuznetsovskoye forestry, thinned out by unusual clearings. They start at the forester's house and spread out in twenty-five rays in all directions. You can return to Moscow from the Bekasovo platform. The length of the route is 12 - 15 km.

Where to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region - Kursk direction

Here there is an abundance of russula, nigella, milk mushrooms, boletus, aspen, chanterelles, and boletus.

Grivno station. 2 - 3 km east of the railway in the direction of the villages of Berezhki and Kharitonovo.

Lvovskaya station. To the southeast of the station in the direction of the village of Ivino.

Kolkhoznaya station. 2 - 3 km from the railway on both sides. In the east - towards the village of Nikonovo and in the forests along the banks of the Rozhaya River. South-east of the station in the forest behind the village of Sharapovo. In the west - towards the villages of Panino and Zhokhovo.

Station Chepelevo and Chekhov. In the direction of the villages of Alachkovo, Maksimikha, Oksino.

Luch station. 4 - 5 km from the railway on the western side in the vicinity of the villages of Popovka and Milyachino.

Sharapova hunting station. To the east to the villages of Pleshkino, Voskresenki, Petrukhino.

Avangard station. 2 - 3 km east of the station, in the direction of the village of Vskhody, as well as into the forests stretching along the banks of the Rechma and Lopasnya rivers. You can get to the Lopasni River valley from Serpukhov by bus to the village of Gurovo or by boat to the Priluki pier.

The most mushroom route: start collecting 2 km east of Lvovskaya station in the forest behind the village of Lagovsky. In this forest, along the gentle slopes of ravines, in open birch forests, along the edges and old forest roads and clearings, whites grow. From the village of Meshcherskoye to Kolkhoznaya station you can walk along the picturesque banks of the Rozhaya River or straight through the forest. The length of the route is 16 - 20 km.

Where to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region - Gorky direction

Fryazevo station. South of the station beyond the village of Vselodovo.

Kazanskoe station. On both sides of the railway.

Where to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region - Paveletskaya direction

Vzletnaya station. On both sides of the station: in the birch forest behind the village of Redkino or west of the villages Bityagovo and Yusupovo, as well as east of the station towards the village of Elgazin.

Vostryakovo station. 2 - 3 km from the railway, south of Zaborye.

White Pillars station. 3 - 4 km from the station in the direction of the villages of Shebantsevo, Kolychevo, Sonino, Kurganye.

Barybino station. West of the station behind the village of Rastunov, in the vicinity of Yusupov, Shishkin, Uvarov. Along the banks of the Severka River.

Velyaminovo station. 2 - 3 km from the railway on both sides. In the east towards the villages of Tatarinovo, Lenkovo, Kaverino and in the forests along the right bank of the Vostets River. In the west - in the vicinity of the village of Velyaminovo.

Privalovo station. 2 - 3 km from the railway on both sides. In the east - towards the villages of Konstantinovskoye and Kishkino. In the west - in the vicinity of Nemtsov, Sidorov.

Mikhnevo station. 3 km from the railway on both sides. To the east - towards Koshelevka, Vasilievsky, Ignatiev. To the west - to Razinkov and Usady.

Shugarovo station. 3 - 4 km west of the station, towards Torbeev, Zavorykin.

Zhilevo station. On both sides of the railway. In the east - 1 - 2 km towards the village of Petrovo, in the west - 3 - 4 km towards Pochinki, Sitna-Shchelkovo, Psarev.

Stupino station. 2 - 3 km from the railway on both sides. In the northeast - towards the village of Staraya Sitnya. In the west - to Matveikov, Saigatov.

Akri station. In the forest to the west and south of the station in the direction of Saigatov, Sokolovaya Hermitage.

The most mushroom route: start the hike from Belye Stolby station. 1 km to the west begins deciduous forest. 6 km from the station, south of the village of Shebantsevo, you need to cross the Kashirskoe highway and go deeper into the forest south of the village of Sonino. This is the kingdom of porcini mushrooms. From Shebantsev you can return along the road to the station. White pillars or take a bus to the station. Domodedovo or Mikhnevo.

Where and when to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region?

Everyone knows that mushrooms grow well in warm, humid weather, especially if it is July or August. Most mushroom pickers can be found in mixed and spruce forests, birch groves and pine forests.

Cap mushrooms, many of which are edible, usually have a developed mycelium under several tree species at once. IN Forests near Moscow mycorrhiza (“fungal root”) most often appears near pines, spruces, birches, oaks and aspens. Less common under larches, poplars, alder and rowan.

For some edible mushrooms more important is the organic matter of decaying wood or forest litter of leaves and needles. Many honey mushrooms are famous for this.

There are edible mushrooms that thrive in seemingly completely inappropriate places. For example, on burnt areas and fireplaces you can see the tall morel growing.

There are more mushrooms on the edges of the forest, along forest roads, clearings, on lawns, etc. And here dense thickets and too high grass stands are considered less suitable places for collecting mushrooms.

The first (spring) mushrooms are morels and strings. June - August is the time when the bulk of edible mushrooms appear. The growth of many edible mushrooms is inhibited or ends with the onset of autumn frosts. Although some of them can be collected even with a serious drop in air temperature late autumn. For example, winter honey fungus. Toward the end, before the beginning of winter, such little-known edible mushrooms as buttercollibia and violet rowan continue to appear.

How to pick mushrooms in the Moscow region - safety rules

The basic safety rules that should be followed when going into the forest to pick mushrooms or berries are simple, the main thing is to follow them. The forests of the Moscow region, of course, are not taiga, however, you can get lost in them, so do not neglect the safety rules when picking mushrooms and you are guaranteed the pleasure of quiet hunting in the Moscow region:

1. You should not go into the forest alone. When going to the forest, it is necessary to warn relatives and friends about the route and time of stay in the forest.

2. Rescuers recommend refilling your cell phone balance and checking the battery charge before going mushroom hunting. Take with you a compass, matches, a knife, a small supply of water and food. Those who constantly use medications, and this primarily concerns older people, need to have medications with them.

3. Clothes should be bright. Camouflage in the forest can be invisible even from three meters. It would be good if there were reflective stickers on your clothes.

4. Enter the forest only during daylight hours. Remember your route, pay attention to fallen trees, streams, and clearings that will help you navigate the forest.

5. If you do get lost, don’t panic, stop and think about where you came from, whether you can hear screams, car noise, or barking dogs. If possible, climb on tall tree and look around.

6. Try to find a clearing or road and move along it. It should be remembered that any road will sooner or later lead you to a populated area.

7. If you couldn’t find your way and night found you in the forest, don’t worry. Find a suitable place to stay overnight. It is not recommended to move in the dark; you can get injured by tripping or falling into the water.

8. The place to spend the night is chosen high and dry, preferably near big tree. Prepare brushwood for the fire, make bedding from spruce branches. It is best to sit with your back to a tree, light a fire in front of you and keep it going all night.

9. More than once I have helped to identify the location of lost mushroom pickers cellular telephone. To ask for help, you need to dial 112 and explain your location, following the quarter post, which is a kind of forest sign. You can call rescuers from your mobile phone even without a SIM card or if you are on the territory of a “foreign operator” of cellular communications.

Previously on the topic of Mushrooms:

The porcini mushroom is perhaps the most famous representative mushroom kingdom, which could easily be called, without exaggeration, “the king among mushrooms.” Such fame came to him thanks to his extraordinary taste properties and appearance. The white mushroom itself (its Latin name Boletus edulis) belongs to the Boletaceae family, a species of boletus, due to which it is often also called boletus.

Why is the porcini mushroom called white?

The name “ceps” has a deep history that dates back to ancient times. The fact is that our distant ancestors, who lived centuries ago, often dried mushrooms rather than fried or stewed them. They noticed that when dried, this mushroom continues to remain white, hence its name. There is another version, according to which the white mushroom received its name due to its contrast with the less tasty “black” mushrooms, whose flesh tends to darken when cut.

White mushroom - description and photo, characteristics and properties

White mushroom cap

The porcini mushroom, as well as other mushrooms of the boletus genus, are famous for their aroma and piquant taste. The cap of the porcini mushroom is brownish-brown in color; it usually grows to 7-30 centimeters in diameter. Although in some especially favorable places you can find a porcini mushroom with a cap 50 cm in diameter.

Good to know: you can determine the age of a porcini mushroom by looking at its cap. So the cap of a young mushroom has an almost artistic convex shape. But older mushrooms have a flatter cap. Also, the older the mushroom, the darker the color of the cap, and its surface itself becomes more rough.

Also, the cap of the porcini mushroom is pleasant to the touch; its upper skin is tightly bound to the pulp of the mushroom and for this reason it is difficult for it to separate from it. In dry or windy weather, the mushroom cap may become covered with deep wrinkles and cracks, causing damage to the internal pores of the mushroom. A thin film of mucus forms on the cap of the porcini mushroom.

White mushroom pulp

In a ripe porcini mushroom, it is usually juicy, dense, fleshy and, of course, white. But in old mushrooms it may turn a little yellow.

White mushroom leg

Typically, the height of the stem of an average porcini mushroom is 12 cm, but sometimes in the forest you can find real “giant porcini mushrooms” with a stem height of 25 cm. The shape of the stem of a porcini mushroom is barrel-shaped or club-shaped, but in old mushrooms it can be cylindrical, the diameter of the stem usually about 7 cm. The color of the leg can be from white to brown

Where do porcini mushrooms grow?

Almost everywhere, except of course cold Antarctica and also Australia, which is too dry for them. They are often found in European forests, including in our native Ukrainian Carpathians. You can also find them in Mexico, Far East and even northern Africa, their habitat is very wide.

When do porcini mushrooms grow?

The growth cycle of porcini mushrooms strongly depends on the place of their growth; in our latitudes, porcini mushrooms begin their growth in May-June, and end in October-November - the most mushroom months. Mushrooms often grow in families-colonies, so if you see a porcini mushroom in the forest, know that there are definitely its relatives nearby.

In which forests do porcini mushrooms grow?

Typically, porcini mushrooms like to grow in coniferous, deciduous and mixed forests under trees such as spruce, fir, pine, oak, and birch. You can find them in places that are overgrown with moss or lichen, but, alas, porcini mushrooms do not grow on swampy soils and peat bogs. In general, the porcini mushroom likes to bask in the sun, but it also happens that it grows in the shade. Porcini rare guest in the tundra, forest-tundra and steppe regions.

Types of porcini mushrooms, names and photos

In fact, there are several varieties of porcini mushrooms, and below we will write in detail about them.

He's a net boletus, Latin name"Boletus reticulatus" looks very similar to a moss fly. Its cap (6-30 cm in diameter) has a brown or ocher color. The leg is cylindrical. The pulp is white. The reticulated porcini mushroom can be found in beech, oak or chestnut forests of Europe, America, and Africa. This mushroom ripens earlier than other porcini mushrooms - in June-September, again depending on the habitat.

It is also known as bronze boletus, also known as copper or hornbeam boletus. It differs from other porcini mushrooms in the dark, even brown color of the cap and stem; sometimes similar mushrooms are even found completely black. The leg is also cylindrical. But the flesh of this mushroom is white in color and also has a very pleasant taste. The dark bronze porcini mushroom is especially common in North America, but it can also be found in Europe, especially in oak and beech forests.

Its other name is spikelet. Distinctive feature This mushroom is due to its light color. The cap, reaching a diameter of 5-15 cm, is almost white in color; sometimes it comes in cream or light yellow colors. The stalk of the spikelet is barrel-shaped, the flesh is white. The birch mushroom grows exclusively under birch trees (hence the name) and is found throughout the habitat of porcini mushrooms, wherever there are birch trees.

Also known as boletus mushroom or boletus pine. It is distinguished by a large, dark-colored cap, which sometimes has a purple tint. The flesh of this mushroom has a brownish-red color. The stem of this mushroom is short but thick and has a brown or white color. By its name you probably guessed that this mushroom grows under pine trees and is found everywhere in pine forests Europe, America, Asia.

The cap of the oak mushroom is brown, but with a gray tint. The flesh of this mushroom is looser than that of other types of porcini mushrooms. Lives in Caucasian oak forests.

The most common among porcini mushrooms. His hat is brown and reddish in color. The leg is long, but with a thickening at the bottom. It usually grows in pine and spruce forests in Europe.

Porcini mushroom - benefits, properties, vitamins, minerals

Porcini mushroom has a high mineral content, which makes it one of the most healthy mushrooms, so what are the benefits of porcini mushrooms?

• The pulp of the porcini mushroom contains the extremely useful substance selenium, which helps cure cancer in the early stages.
• Porcini mushroom also contains ascorbic acid, which is necessary for the normal functioning of human organs.
• The pulp of the porcini mushroom contains calcium, which is vital for human body(especially bones).
• Riboflavin in the porcini mushroom improves hair and nail growth, and also helps regulate the thyroid gland.
• B vitamins, also present in porcini mushrooms, have positive influence on nervous system, memory and brain function in general, promote sound sleep, good mood, appetite.
• Lecithin, present in porcini mushroom, is useful for atherosclerosis and anemia, as it helps cleanse blood vessels of cholesterol.

Also, porcini mushroom has a low calorie content, it can be dried, fried, stewed and pickled for the winter. The taste of the porcini mushroom is simply excellent, although it itself is quite difficult to digest.

Good to know: of all the types of preparation of porcini mushrooms, it is mushrooms in dried form that are best absorbed by humans, with the use of dried mushrooms Up to 80% of porcini mushroom proteins enter the body. It is not without reason that nutritionists advise eating dried porcini mushrooms.

Harm of porcini mushroom

Despite all the benefits of porcini mushroom described above, it can also cause poisoning.

• The porcini mushroom contains chitin, and it is poorly absorbed by children, pregnant women, and people who have problems with digestive system and with kidney diseases.
• Porcini mushrooms can accumulate toxic substances from the soil in which they grow. Therefore, you should not collect mushrooms growing near industrial facilities, highways, landfills, and so on.
• Some people may experience allergic reactions for fungal spores.
• Also, poisoning can result from the mistaken use of a double of the porcini mushroom, known as gall mushroom or golchak. We will write about it further.

False porcini mushroom (gall mushroom). How to distinguish a white mushroom from a false one?

• The most important difference between a false porcini mushroom and a genuine one is the color of the cut; in a false mushroom it will darken or become pinkish-brown. The white flesh, as we wrote above, always remains white.
• The gall mushroom on the stalk has a very bright pattern in the form of a mesh, which a real porcini mushroom does not have.
• The tubular layer of the false porcini mushroom has a pinkish tint, while that of the edible porcini mushroom is yellow or white.
• Also, the gall mushroom has a bitter taste, and it remains bitter even after boiling or frying.

Growing porcini mushrooms at home on a personal plot

Planting and growing porcini mushrooms in your garden is the dream of many owners. Well, it is quite possible to make it a reality. The technology for growing porcini mushrooms at home is not that complicated. Although it will require perseverance, patience and maximum accuracy from you. But keep in mind that the porcini mushroom is a forest citizen that cannot live without symbiosis with a tree, so it would be ideal if your summer cottage is adjacent to the forest. If it is not adjacent, then at least several trees should grow there, such as pine, birch, oak or spruce.

In general, there are two main ways to grow mushrooms at home in the country: growing from mycelium and growing from spores that are located in the mushroom cap. Below we will describe them in detail.

Growing porcini mushrooms from mycelium

First of all, you need to purchase porcini mushroom mycelium in a special store. Then you can begin preparing the area for planting mushrooms. The preparation itself is best done in May, but not later than September.

• Around a tree (be it oak, birch, pine, spruce) it is necessary to expose the soil by removing 15-20 cm of the top layer, thus creating a circle with a diameter of 1-1.5 meters. The soil should be saved for later covering the area.
• Peat or well-ripened compost is placed on the finished plot.
• Pieces of the acquired mycelium are laid out on the soil prepared in this way; it is advisable to lay them out in a checkerboard pattern at a distance of 30-35 cm.
• Then you need to cover the planted mycelium with a layer of soil that you initially removed. Then the whole thing needs to be carefully watered (2-3 buckets per tree, but only so as not to wash away the soil).
• The area with mycelium can be covered with a layer of straw, which will maintain the necessary humidity and prevent the mycelium from drying out.
• Before the onset of winter frosts, the area must be covered with forest moss to create a protective “blanket” from frost. In early spring this “blanket” will need to be carefully removed with a rake.

The first harvest of excellent porcini mushrooms will be in just a year, and if you do everything correctly, then your home mycelium will bear fruit for 3-5 years.

Growing porcini mushrooms from caps

First you will need to collect hats from forest mushrooms, and always ripe, and even better overripe. The diameter of the caps should be at least 10-15 cm. Also remember under which trees the mushrooms whose caps you picked grew under, then they will need to be planted exactly under these same trees.

• The collected caps are carefully separated from the stems and soaked in water for 24 hours. (you can add 3-5 tablespoons per 10 liters to water).
• After a day, you need to thoroughly grind the soaked mushroom caps until they form a homogeneous mass, then strain it through a layer of gauze, separating the aqueous solution with mushroom spores from the mushroom tissue.
• The preparation of the place for planting porcini mushrooms is identical to what we have already described in the first option.
• Then the water with the spores must be poured onto the fertile cushion, stirring the aqueous solution periodically.

Caring for a mushroom meadow involves watering it, although not frequently, regularly and abundantly.

How to collect more porcini mushrooms, video

And in conclusion useful video life hack for mushroom pickers on how to collect more porcini mushrooms.