Who lives in the Black Sea? By species composition Sea animals The west coast is different from other areas of the Black Sea. Bays and creek small, bottom, mostly sandy, water salter than near the southern and eastern shores. Of fishery fish Often there are Black Sea Shark (Katran), Kefal, Study. On the sandy day, sea cats and cambals lie, they graze the drums.
Medusa appear on the shore in the midst bathing seasonAnd the warmer water, the more. Two types of floating jellyfish are common in the Black Sea - aurelia and cornerot. Both of them consist of 98% of the water, they do not use anyone in food and seem useless. But it is not so. Jellyfish can serve as a forerunner of the storm. They capture the infrasound of the distant wind and are floating from the coast for 12-15 hours. Fitting plankton, jellyfish cleanses water.
Flat colorless Aurelium is safe for us, because human skin is not sensitive to the action of cutting cells. And yet, you do not need to take it in hand without need, and even more so hurry jellyfish.
Cornerot is larger, bulk than Aurelia, in the circumference he has a bluish band. It is not necessary to touch this jelly, because it burns almost like nettle. It is not dangerous, however, agree, not everyone will like it. Cornerov less than South BankMore on Western. This is a caring nannik for fry stavids: near everyone is getting up to hundreds of small silver fish, which at the slightest danger are hidden among the mouth blades and under the dome of the jellyfish.
Who will leave indifferent glow of the sea in the quiet and warm August nights? Silver blades have fun on boats, hands and feet of swimmers, air bubbles - everything that moves under water. And there are nights when lights flashes, as if reflecting the stars, all the fixed marine smooth. This glow in the Black Sea is caused noktilyuki – unicellular organismsWith the properties of plants and animals at the same time.
We dial them in the day sunny energyAnd at night again convert it to light. This cold glow is accompanied by chemical reaction Compounds of oxygen with substance - lucyfin, which produce noktilyuki.
On sandy beaches often makes pinkish-yellow shells storm sea scallops . This mollusk lives on sea Dn., kilometers in 20 from the shore. He is able to move, opening and slamming the sink of the shell, like reactive engine. True, it does not develop high speed. In a state of rest, the scallop releases from under the sink a fringe sensitive tental, between which dozens of small and very complex "eyes" are hidden. Having freezing the danger, the mollusk removes the tentacles and rescues "flight".
Oysters have long been considered a delicacy, but we had them earlier, because they prefer more salted water. Accidentally united in the Black Sea Pacific Predatory rapana They fought in a new place, broke, feeding by oysters, and reduced their reserves to almost zero. Now the rapana eat, mostly mussels, and this is also a little good.
Mussels Live, attaching to the coastal pile, stones, rocks. Cropping water, they breathe dissolved in it oxygen and feed on weighted water organic substances. Thus, the mussels purify the sea. It is easy to tear them from pitfalls and berths, just need to work in gloves, because the mussels have sharp shells.
Fried mussels are tasty and nutritious, though, between the pulp and the inner pearlescent layer of seashells often come across the sand. Over time, these gram gram gram sands are enveloped - small Black Sea Pearls are formed. Rapans are moving, they crawl into mussels, reveal their sash and pulled the flesh. But their own meat is also edible.
On the Black Sea coast, people began to collect and eat bivalve buchetic mollusks. Archaeologists determine this on found on the shores fossil remains of mussels and oysters.
At night, an indispensable beaches of beaches go to the shore crabs. Once it was possible to come early in the morning to the beach and see so many crabs that involuntarily thinks about environmental catastrophe. Crab collected literally in verts! Now it happens only on the deserted coasts of Tarkhankut. But it is forbidden to catch crabs, because there are few them, and without crabs, the bears will be dirty.
In the Evpatoria coast, you can often find a herbal crab. He bursts in the sand about the most eyes and sits motionless, waiting for prey - small invertebrates, and sometimes fish.
Among the fish on the sandy ground is easier to survive those who can go into it. Malek cambala Not too different from the fry of other fish. But, spending six weeks at the surface of the water, it lowers in the depth to lie right side to the bottom. There, surprising transformations happen to him: the right eye moves to left, the mouth is twisted, and the abdominal fin turns on his side.
Fish-beds - wizards change the color and even drawing of your skin, repeating the drawing and the color of the soil. Floating over a well-known bottom, Kambala is masked for him in a few seconds. To pick up the coloring under the new background, it takes more time, but in the end, it can even get ready for a chessboard. For this, the fish compresses and expands special pigment cells. But the right side, on which this old fish lies, remains colorless forever.
The most unpretentious of our fishing fish - mullet. She lives and mosk caviar in the coastal zone to a depth of 75 meters, but can multiply in the open sea. Withstands the temperature from +0.5 to +38 degrees Celsius, salinity up to 80 ppm (grams per liter), but lives in the floor fresh water. It is worn to a lack of oxygen, in the open sea even comes into deep layers with "rotten water", where hydrogen sulfide bacteria live. Kefal is not afraid of polluted water and often winter in ports under the pier.
IN recent decades Crimean types of Kefali (Loban, Singlin, Ostronos) oppressed Far Eastern species - Pilengas. Troubledy and active, it became the main object and filled the markets.
Barabulka the size of no more staunch, but a little different form - stupid, with two departing from lower Luba "Wasps." With their help, it rushes in the sand, usually for not big depths; It can be seen and floating on the surface, through the mask. The drum was his beloved fish of Turkish sultans, since then it is called "Sultanka".
Samoa dangerous fish Black Sea is sea dragon . He lives at the bottom, half with the sand. The dragon looks like a staunch and, unfortunately, sometimes falls on the fishing rod.
Alexander Kuprin in the story "Litripeda" told about cases with Balaklavsky fishermen, removing from the hook or taking out the fish from the network, they broke on poisonous spines on the gill lids and in a black dorsal fin.
Just as unpleasant meeting with sea cat From the family of skate-cheeges. The cat prefers to lie at the bottom and, by the way, quite sluggishly reacts to the appearance of a person - sails a few meters and rests again. And do not touch it, but even more so come on it. Caught, wounded and even just worried, sea cat bent and beats the offender with a tail on which is located poisonous spike! The consequences are the same as after the dragon. However, this does not scare fishermen, they catch the tapes. therefore marine cat You will most likely see not in the sea, but on the fish countess.
Not so poisonous sea Yers (Spere), and yet, before giving out and clean it, it is necessary to crop straps.
And here black Sea Akula, oddly enough, harmless to humans. Unlike most fish, sharks and skates have a soft cartilage skeleton. Together with ichthyozoors, they inhabited the sea one hundred million years ago, in the era of domination giant lizards, and can be considered the relics of the Mesozoic era.
In the coastal zone at the bottom (at a depth of 90 m) float black Sea Akula katrana. Feed in fine fish, molluscs, races, and grow to two-meter length.
Catransmen do not sword caviar; The female alive gives birth to a dozen shards, who have been able to hunt from the first minutes of life. True, they become adults soon - in 15-17 years. Like any shark, Katran has an excellent sense of smell and increased sensitivity To the vibrations of the water, for which the victim is found.
On large animals and people, Katran never attacks. In general, the danger emanating from any shark is exaggerated due to their frightening and monstrous voraciousness. Even a carbonated shark can grab a piece of meat or fish in water. For pain, it is small, and it is difficult to kill it because big size The brain in which you need to get.
LIT: Bogorov VG, the life of the sea, [M.], 1954; Zenkevich L. A., Fauna and biological productivity sea, t. 1-2, M., 1947-51; His biology of the seas of the USSR, M., 1963; Tarasov N. I., the sea lives, M., 1951; Belyaev G. M., bottom fauna the largest depths (Ultraabissali) World Ocean, M., 1966; Life of animals, t. 1-6, M., 1968-71; Ressel F. S. and Iong Ch. M., the life of the sea, the lane. from English, M. - L., 1934; Sea, lane. With Franz., M., 1960.
G. M. Belyaev.
Big soviet Encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .
Watch what is "Maritime Fauna" in other dictionaries:
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sea fauna - Jūrų Gyvūnija Statusas T Sritis Ekologija Ir Aplinkotyra Apibrėžtis Jūrose Ir Vandenynuose Gyvenančių Gyvūnų Visuma. Sudaro Maždaug 160 000 Rūšių (Daugiausia Moliuskų - 80 000 Rūšių, Vėžiagyvių - 20 000, žuvų - 16 000 IR KT. Gyvųjų Organizmų Yra ... ... Ekologijos Terminų aiškinamasis žodynas
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Fauna, fauna, mn. No, wives (Lat. Fauna The goddess of forests and fields in ancient Roman mythology) (book.). Animal world, all kinds of animals, inherent in this area or geological era. Abundant fauna of the USSR. Sea fauna. Forest fauna. Flora and ... ... Dictionary Ushakova
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Fauna Aggacity of animal forms globe or its parts. The animal population of the globe can be divided into two huge groups: F. Maritime and F. Ground. The first, of course, is much older, for ground F. developed from the marine. Ground ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary F. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron
Fauna, s, wives Animal world. Sea f. F. Tropics. Fauna past epochs. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Swedov. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov
Approximately 1.5-2 million years ago at the site of the ancient ocean thethis formed Black Sea. At the same time, the Caucasian and Crimean Mountains began to be formed. Approximately 6-8 thousand years ago, according to scientists, because of tectonic processes, Bosphorus formed. And then, the salty waters of the Mediterranean sea poured into a closed weakly salted reservoir of the Black Sea.
Black Sea Space Shooting
Some inhabitants could not adapt to such salted water, and died. The remains dropped to the bottom, began to decompose, as a result of which hydrogen sulfide was formed. Thus, two oxygen zones were formed (to a depth of 150-200 m) and hydrogen sulfide (below 200 m), devoid of life, and occupying 87% of its water mass. More than this sea, with two zones, there is no on our planet. It turns out that at the disposal of plants and animals of the Black Sea, only 13% of water suitable for existence, i.e. Where there is oxygen. therefore
flora and Fauna of the Black Sea
very modest, there is no large number of species of marine inhabitants, such as in the Mediterranean Sea. Black Sea area is about 413 thousand square meters. km., The maximum depth reaches 2245 m. And only the upper layer of about 200 meters is populated by flore and fauna. In Russia, this sea is the warmest, in winter the temperature on the surface does not fall below 6 degrees, and in the summer it can rise from 26 or more degrees.
Black Sea Flora
Underwater plants in the Black Sea there are about 100 species, 270 species of multicellular green, brown, red bottom algae. As part of the phytoplankton of the Black Sea - at least six hundred species.Among the algae and herbs there are edible and useful and poisonous. Interestingly, some edible algae. The content of vitamins are not inferior to oranges and pineapples,
Contain up to 50 percent of the protein (in beef - 20%, in pork -18%), with 1 hectare of algae at a meter depth, you can get 400 tons of protein per year. For example, in the area, near the shore can often be observed floating green algae, the type of which is very annoying holidaymakers.
Kamka or Zostera Marina
This is the so-called Kama or by scientific "Zostera Marina". The waves emit algae ashore and there they are stacked with a thick layer, the part dries, and the part is converted into a green mixture. Next, after processing by microorganisms, a thick green mass turns into a black alive with unpleasant odor. Naturally, vacationers bypass such a stench of the tenth expensive ... But this is a very healing mixture, sick joints are treated, and who knows, specially come to get to themselves. The composition of this marine grass is rich in iodine, iron, zinc, copper and cobalt, as well as vitamins and biologically - active substances For example, Foundak polysaccharide, has a powerful antitumor effect on the human body.
algae Noktilyuk (spending the night)
Noktilyuk (nighttime) Unusual plankton algae predator in diameter 1-3 mm, powered by ready-made organic substances. It has a unique ability to phosphoresize. It is thanks to her vacationers can see the luminous sea. Usually this phenomenon can be observed in August and September.
blowing Black Sea August
At a depth of 15-30 meters, where scuba doses and experienced underwater hunters are lowered and experienced underwater hunters can see the caps of red algae philloofors ribbed Phyllophora Nervosa..
Cladoft
This is what I got a review of the Black Sea flora.
Quote of the Day: "Each link of the natural chain exists in relationships and harmony. Enjoy her and take care what remains ... "
In this section of the site you will read how and where marine animals live, you can find out interesting Facts About them, see photos of animals of the seas!
More than two thirds of the surface of the earth are covered with seas and oceans. This huge mass of water is necessary for life on our planet: the winds will spread moisture throughout the light, it evaporates and restores again in the form of rain and snow, her plant and an animal world. The sea ends with life, and oddly enough, but also microscopic, and the largest marine life, such as the blue whale, Manta or whale sharkFood large quantity Food, invisible to the naked eye, - plankton.
Jellyfish more than 90% consists of water; Some jellyfish can cause painful burn.
W. octopus eight proven; He lives on the seabed and can change painting, adapting to the habitat.
Biss Turtle (Carette) - very clever swimmer; It feeds in main jellyfish and crustaceans. Sheets eggs in the sand on the shores of small bays.
Blue whale - This is the biggest animal in the world: one female, caught in 1947, weighed 190 tons. Young blue whale is born eight meters long and weighs up to three tons.
Sea flora consists of algae - plants devoid of trunk. Their life depends on the sunlight, and therefore at large depths where the rays of the sun are not penetrated, there is no algae.
Moon-fish It usually floats in the open sea almost at the very surface itself, because of which it seemed from the water the fin is often taken for the shark fin; Unlike her, the moon-fish is absolutely harmless.
Angler. This amazing predatory Fish Having lures his sacrifice, shaking the "antenna", at the end of which there is a growing, similar to the delicious worm.
Wolf zebra. Her spectacular appearance Tit in me serious danger - On the back, this fish is the fin is the stuffing poison as strong as the cobra poison.
Fish needle. Hunting perfect unique way: She approaches the victim, often hiding behind other fishes, and lightningly sucks it into his long "beak". In terms of its characteristics, the needle is very similar to the seaside skate.
Acne. For centuries, scientists, starting with the Greek philosopher Aristotle, tried to understand how this fish breeds. Today it is known that she puts the caviar in the Sargasso Sea, between the Bermuda and Caribbean Islands. Small larvae go on a trip for many thousands of kilometers to return to the rivers where their parents come from. Eel - very strong fish; It is found in fresh water and can for a long time Stay outside the water: part of its path often spends on land.
Sea birds. The sea gives food to many animals living on the coast. Among them are numerous seabirds. These birds have a lot in common: they all flourish perfectly, can fall into the water, swim with the help of a webbed paws, and their beaks are adapted to fishing. Many of them, such as cormorants, are able to pursue fish and under water.
Cablange. Japan residents taught this bird fishing: with every caught fish, the bird returns to the owner.
Gull. Lot different species Sea birds are called seagulls. It is often possible to see how flocks of chaps pursue fishing vessels, returning from fishery: they pick up waste that sailors are thrown overboard. Seagulls have learned to find food even on landfills in the inside of the mainland at a distance of tens of kilometers from the sea.
Frigate. The male of this large living on the shores warm seas, during courtship, hesitates a huge bright red goiter to attract the attention of female.
Sea depths.
Away from the coast on big depth not growing algae who need sunlight; There is only phytoplankton formed by microscopic algae, freely floating in water. For this reason, at great depths, predators are found mainly; Other fish are content with phyto and zooplankton. Consisting of the smallest invertebrates.
On open water expanses where there are no shelters, only big sizes Can inspire a fear of the predator and prevent an attack. Therefore, only far from the coast and there are large marine inhabitants: from cetaceans, such as killeries and whales, to big fish, such as shark, tuna or fish-sword.
Small fish use other ways to protect: volatile fish are highly jumped out of the water, and Sardines and Mackerel find salvation in the fact that they are going to numerous flocks.
The Earth is washed four ocean: Indian, Atlantic, Northern Arctic and quiet. The largest is the Pacific Ocean, its area is 180 million square kilometers. The average depth of the oceans is about 4,000 meters. Huge length and depth do not allow the bottom of the oceans; In fact, it is extremely difficult and expensive to create cars capable of withstanding highest pressureexisting in marine abnumbs.
The greatest depth of the ocean is the Mariinsky chute in Pacific Ocean: 11,022 meters.
Flying fish. W. fly fish Side fins are highly developed, with the help of which it makes planning flights above the sea surface, escaping from predators.
A complex combination of winds, flows and alternations of tides and tide causes the movement of the waves. The waves are rarely raised above 10 meters, but there were waves and even more than 30 meters high.
Plankton.
At sea swims a large number of microscopic organisms that are not able to withstand the flows - animals (zooplankton) and vegetable (phytoplankton) in their origin; Together they make up plankton. It is transferred by the currents, it serves as for the smallest fish and crustaceans, and for huge mammals, for example, for blue whale. Animals capable of actively swimming, form necton.
Zooplankton - Part of the plankton formed by animal organisms.
Phytoplankton - This is the part of the plankton, which consists of microscopic algae floating in water. A large amount of phytoplankton and gives sea water Characteristic greenish color.
In one liter of water, millions of microscopic organisms are invisible to the naked eye live. They not only make up food of marine animals, but also necessary to restore oxygen.
Cetaceans.
These are large mammals, inhabitants of the seas and oceans. For millions of years of evolution, their body has acquired a form, similar to the form of the body of fish, thanks to which they quickly float. But kitto-shaped unlike fish can not breathe sparse oxygen. They need to inhale air, so they are forced to swim from time to time to the surface of the sea. Their young appear on the light in water; Immediately after birth, the mother pushes them to the surface so that they make the first sigh. This is a very responsible moment, and parents must be extremely careful not to meet a predator.
The smallest of cetaceous is Dolphin, and the biggest - Kit Side, which is the largest animal in the world.
"Fountain". It may seem that whales exhale water splashes; In fact, what we see is a jet of air mixed with a small amount of water.
Ivasoy whale (sowing), humpback and blue whales feed on plankton, which they filtered through frequent horny plates, called whale mustache. These plates hinder in the mouth of large animals, so such whales do not need teeth.
Humpback whale. Unlike other whales that prefer the open sea, humpback whale lives close to the coast, sometimes swimming even in the bay and river. Despite its weight in 30 tons, this frisky animal loves to "dance", leaning out of the water.
Sperm whale. This large animal reaches up to 20 meters long. It is powered preferably with cupping mollusks, such as squid, as well as fish. Having extracted food, it can dive to a depth of two thousand meters, where gigantic squids are found, weighing several centners. Cachelot can hold back breathing almost two hours!
Narwhal. Because of the long straight tooth, like a horn, narrowing it is impossible to confuse with anyone. This friendly animal lives in cold Arctic waters.
Kitka. Has a reputation of cruel and very dangerous predator; In fact, the kitanka, like other carnivorous, attacks animals that feed on, but no evidence that she attacked people is not.
Dolphin. Dolphins are very easy to tame due to the fact that they are very smart and have exceptional learning abilities. Dolphins, like all cetaceans, publish many different sounds; This dolphin "language" is learning scientists. Dolphins are unusually friendly; Once, it was Dolphin that he saved a man who had fallen into the shipwreck, from attacked him sharks.
Sharks. These are very ancient fish; Due to the streamlined body shape when the shark is moving forward, the sharks are tested by the most insignificant water resistance, so very quickly float. Unlike fish, sharks multiply, laying eggs; Some placed them at the bottom, attaching to algae or rocks, other eggs are fully developed in the body of the mother, and the youngs are born already formed. Among the sharks there are predators, such as a blue shark, and peaceful panels of plankton, such as a huge whale shark, which, despite the awesome appearance, is absolutely harmless. Whale shark - the most large fish In the world, its body length reaches 12 meters! The blue shark is considered to be a glass shark, there are a lot of evidence that it attacks people affected by shipwreck, and on swimsuits.
Gray shark. He lives in the tropical seas, examining bolds in search of fish and crustaceans. It does not attack people, but if a person is scared and tried to escape, this shark can become quite dangerous.
Fish-saw. Both are found warm waters The Atlantic Ocean and in the Mediterranean Sea. Excellent feature - a long and flat shed with small teeth, located like a teeth of saws. It serves as a fish to fueling the sandy bottom in search of small mining. Occasionally Fish-Sila uses his "nose" to protect against enemies. Often shark accompany fish-pilots; They feed on the residues of the shark of food, and, oddly enough, the sharks are not attacked on them. There is an opinion that the fish-pilot indicates sharks the path to large shoals of fish. In fact, this is just a legend, devoid of every reason.
Skat. He has a strongly flexible body, because of which it seems that he "flies" along the water. Basically, the skate lives at the bottom, on moderate depths where it is wonderful. In some varieties of the scope on the back there is a long spike that distinguishes a strong poison. In the mouth, located on the belly, a lot of sharp teeth.
Tiger shark. This fish is called so due to the color of the skin. It floats close to the shore and feeds everything in a row: fish and crustaceans, birds and mammals.
Dark.
Sunlight does not pass through a thickness of water deeper than several tens of meters. Below is the constant darkness, and it is impossible to distinguish the day from the night. Plants cannot live without light, so there are no algae here. This is the reason that only predatory fish live at depths, which lure prey with various ingenious ways.
Many deep-sea fish have special luminous organs, so-called phosphors; They serve as a bait, in front of which other fish can not resist and, attracted by such a "bait", are often eaten.
Deep-sea fish are able to withstand the highest pressure, moreover, they are not transferred to low pressureAnd if they surfaced to the surface, it would be killed.
The organic substances are slowly descending to the bottom of the ocean - the remains of animals and plants that died in surface layers. All this is the food of small animals of benthos - so called the totality of organisms living at the bottom. Benthos, in turn, serves as food for fish and larger mollusks that other predators penetrate into the purple of the sea from the less deep layers, such as coushlot, which can dive to depth, despite the fact that it breathes atmospheric air.
Giant squid. One representative of this type of animal, "left stranded" on the island of Newfoundland and Canada, weighed two tons. W. giant squid Long body, together with tentacles, it reaches 13 - 18 meters, they even assume that they are binding into the bunch of oceans in the cruel battles with coushlots: on the body of which traces left the tentacles often, and the remains of giant squid are found in the stomachs.
Pelican-shaped bigger.
Always floats in the dark, holding a huge mouth widely opened; So he collects all the food that comes across on his way.
Treasury Linofrin. This deepwater fish is known very little due to the difficulty of studying natural environment habitat. Probably, most She quietly lying time at the bottom, shaking a long mustache with a luminophore - a luminous organ located on her head. Other fish caught on such a bait, inevitably finish life in the throat of linofrins.
Coral reefs.
Coral - These are small animals, in whose colonies there are millions of individuals, inhabit the tropical seas, attaching to their bottom. Over time, one lime skeleton generated by them will grow and forms in coastal zones The most real coral reefs, which are broken by waves; Because of this, there is a calmer between the shore and coral fence, as in the port harbor.
Coral reef - an ideal habitat, both for animals and plants: the sea here is quiet and warm, a lot of sunlight. If under water to look through the scuba mask, you can see countless different picturesque fish, "strolling" among nautical stars and actinium.
If you dive on the other side of the reef, in the direction open sea, There may be a sense of heavy dizziness: the bottom is no longer - only water is bright blue.
The largest coral reef, more than 2,000 kilometers long, is located along the coast of Australia. These fortresses from corals are called a big career reef and represent a serious danger to navigators.
Atoll. The vertices of submarine volcanoes can rise above the water, forming small islands, or to be located near the surface of the ocean. If coral colonies are formed around them, they take almost a round shape, forming the atoll - coral islands.
Mad Parer. The relatives of the corals are also formed by the colonies of polyps of limestone. At night, they pull the tentacles, grabbing food consisting of plankton.
At the shore.
In the ocean not far from the coast, the most favorable conditions For prosperity of the inhabitants underwater world: Sunlight penetrates water, contributing to the rapid growth of algae and providing feed animals that feed them; These animals, in turn, themselves serve food for predatory fish. And finally, the movement of the wave, which never comes to the depths of more than a few tens of meters, here is mixed at the bottom, which contributes to his fertility.
The bottom can be rocky or sandy or sandy, sometimes covered with algae. In accordance with the type of seabed, various animals are populated. For example, on the sandy day you can meet Cambalu, which hides in the sand, breaking into it half, and the octopus finds the shelter on the rocky day, where it is almost not visible among the rocks.
Among the washed by the sea, rocks that have a hospitable reception of countless animals are rich in life. Some of the local inhabitants, such as mussels, Patella, Jersie, starfish and Aktini, do not swim. In the shadow of spill, crustaceans are hidden, octopuses and such fish as Sargus, group, stone Okun. And Muren. Kambala and the dragon are hiding in the sand, and Sultanka explores him with his long mustache in search of food. All this potential prey attracts to the coast of fish-hunters living in the open sea, - la orcons, large serisis and zubanov.
Sea hedgehogs. Bathe in the sea, you need to be very attentive to not step on these animals: the consequences can be the most sad! Mouth sea hedgehog It is called an aristothel lamp, and there are five constantly growing teeth in it. In some heels, the needles are short and frequent, others have long and rare. They differ in color.
Crustaceans. All of these animals, most of their maritime, have two pairs of mustaches, and some still have two solid claws that can be closed with force. In the afternoon, they usually hide in Rasseks of the rocks, but at night they are activated and sent to search for food, as a rule, from mollusks and dead animals.
Langust It is found in the seas almost around the world; His mass can reach eight kilograms.
Omar Like Langustit's very popular sea Product; Omarov caught with special traps - leaps. Unlike Langusta, he has a claw.
The distinctive feature of the crab is a specific way to move sideways.
In crustaceans there is a constant mink, where they certainly return after the nightly tags for food: this indicates that crustaceans have a good sense of orientation. Some of them, for example, languhsts make mass migrations over long distances.
The Black Sea is very unusual on the distribution of living organisms. At first glance, it seems that water is simply sissed by fish, animals and other creatures, but they only occupy 13%, that is, the Fauna of the Black Sea is located to a depth of 200 meters. This zone is called oxygen.
Small variety of flora
Differs relative poverty Animal I. vegetable world, this is due primarily with the low salt salt, reduced temperature and a large number of hydrogen sulfide.
Black Sea Flora includes 270 Different types of algae. Among them are multicellular, brown, green, red, bottom algae.
There is a form, algae eating exclusively by organic substances, but most are still powered by photosynthesis method.
Among the representatives of the plant world can be noted:
Fauna of the Black Sea
Of course, the Fauna of the Black Sea is less diverse compared to CO or by the sea, but still there is something to see. On the territory of the Black Sea there are around 2500 Various animal species. Among them are commercial representatives, such as: Kefal, Kilka, Anchov, Mackerel, Sudak, Bream, Study, Herring, Occar. At the bottom of the sea, mussels, mollusks and oysters live.
Types of fish - Photo and titles
Most bright Representatives of the Fauna of the Black Sea:
- Herring. Refers to the numerous family of herring. Herring is a mustache fish, feed on plankton, it rarely lives to age 25-30 years, as it is frequent prey of predators and fishermen. Meat herring gentle, fat and tasty, which is why it uses great demand in the shops;
- Barabulka. Refers to the Baralev family, the detachment of perch. The length is usually not more than 45 cm. Fish has a bright red color and small mustache. The taste of fish tender. Its useful meat, rich in proteins and vitamins, is considered delicacy;
- Greenfinch. This is a staked fish that has a pedestal color. It feeds on crustaceans. Green dryer lives in overgrown with algae rocks;
- Flounder. This flat fish from a cambal-shaped family is distinguished by a flattened body and an eye location on one side. Thanks to such a structure of the body, it is easily riveted and disguised in the sand. Food is powered crustaceans and bottom fish. Meat at Cambala white with a specific smell. Some do not like to cook cambal because of this, but you can easily get rid of the smell by removing the skin before cooking;
- Fish-garbage, or Merling. Representative of the carriage family. Small mustache, but very voracious fishing. Eats everything that comes across on the way. In the cold sails closer to the shore, and in the heat, falls deeper to the bottom;
- Fish-needle. This amazing Fish And the truth is outwardly reminiscent of the needle. It has long thin body. Fish hunts with flocks, usually near the shore.
- Lufar. Sea predatory fish from the detachment of perch-like. Life expectancy is 8-9 years. Pisces are sharp teeth and powerful jaws. Eating Lufar with another fish, especially likes to the scumbard;
- Swordfish. This fish from the squad of perch can reach a length of up to 4 meters. It can move at speeds up to 130 km / h. Fish Sword is very valuable trophy. Fish meat is very tasty and practically without bones. That is why the sword's fish is so appreciated among the fishermen. To feel the beauty of taste, this fish is often eating raw, laying out pieces on lettuce leaves and watering lemon juice;
- Sea bass. This deepwater Fish refers to the family of rapid. Perchi differ very much in size. The length of them varies from 20 cm to 1 m. The perch prefers cool water at a depth of 100 m. Thanks to its tasteThe sea bass occupies one of the first places on sale among all sea fish.
- Golden fish. Fish is not large belongs to the carp family. There are a large number of types of goldfish, they all differ in color and size. Such fish mostly hold in the aquariums, because they are extremely beautiful and quite unpretentious.
Bulls. The fish received such a name, because of the big, like a bull of the head. Belongs to the family of perch-shaped. In the Black Sea there are more than 10 kinds of bulls. Food bulls with small fish and mollusks.
Fish has special structure Finniks, thanks to which it can be sick to the stones, so no currents are scared. Bulls lead a settling lifestyle;
During the war, the inhabitants of the Black Sea coast were fed by bulls, they were called the breadwinners, and a monument was even put in Berdyansk.
Poisonous representatives of the sea depths
There are in the Black Sea and poisonous inhabitants, meetings with which to avoid:
Mammals
Mammals in the waters of the Black Sea are presented in limited quantities:
Predatory and dangerous inhabitants
- katran;
- cat shark.
- Medusa. In the Black Sea, Jellyfish are often found: Aurelia and Cornerot. Jellyfish often fall into the network when fishing, and it is almost impossible to separate them. Aurelia is not dangerous, and the root may well inflate a burn;
- Skat-tailing. Skat lives on sand shallow water. It usually fell into the sand and becomes completely immeasured. Therefore, it is easy to accidentally hurt. Under the defeat, the place of the strike must be treated with hydrogen peroxide.
Akula. On the territory of the Black Sea, only two types of sharks are found:
Both individuals do not carry any danger For a person, although they are predators. The lifestyle of these types of sharks does not allow them to appear next to the shore, but if you were lucky enough to meet such a shark, you should not be afraid and panic;
Skat can hit the tail, while the blow is so strong that even boots pierces, and not so scratching poison as the effects of impact.
Animal world on land
Animal world of the coast of the Black Sea interesting and diverseThis is due to the characteristics of the climate. Among the predators here live here: Bars, Bear, Jackal, Lynx, Fox. Other mammals: deer, roeble, boars, hare, the bats, Otters. Many different types of birds:
- hawks;
- tetherova;
- dyatla;
- ivolgi.;
- soyki;
- skvortsy;
- cuckoo;
- seagulls;
- baklanians;
- pheasants.
And here reptiles and amphibians On land of the Black Sea is not so much. Among them: Turtles, lizards, toads and some types of snakes.
Black Sea Fisheries - What fish is caught?
On the Black Sea opens poverty opportunities For fisherman, because it is much different from the usual fishing of the fish on a river or lake. On a good day, it is quite realistic to bring caught up to 5 kg, and more. So, going on vacation, be sure to grab the fishing rod or spinning.
All the fish of the Black Sea is customary to divide on 4 groups:
- Constantly dwelling;
- Winter in the Black Seabut feeding spawning in Azov;
- Spawning and wintering in the Black Sea, but feeding in Azov;
- Molding the Black Sea.
Edible Fish of the Black Sea is very diverse: ANCHOUS, SPROT, MERLANG, Studum, Kefal, Katran, Hams, Salmon, Trout, Bulls, Kambala and many others.
Beginner fishermen are often wondering what kind of fish is caught in the Black Sea. The catch may depend on a specific area and, of course, from places fishing (Open Sea, Bun, or Shore).
- IN most often Catch: Hams, Hams, Kefal, Study, Yersch, Barabulka, Sea Perch, Lofar and Cambalu.
- At the coast of the same ordinary catch Is: Barbulka, bulls, Chular, Studum and Lufar.
- Fishermen can boast of Stavride catch, Lofar, Lofar, Herring, Barabuts and Sargan.
In other matters, fishing is beautiful in all Black Sea cities. And the Flora and the fauna of the Black Sea and its coast deserves special attention.
On vacation, be sure to admire not only sandy beaches and their inhabitants but also underwater life Black Sea.
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