A small group of scientists is fighting for saving one of the most fragile resources of the planet - coral reefs. Although they look like stone structures at the bottom of the ocean, in fact these are living organisms that are important for the ocean ecosystem.
These wonderful organisms can store and secrets to save humanity. Many pharmaceuticals are made of tropical plants. Scientists believe that both reefs can be used in medicine. There are already several medicines at the last stage of the study. They can be used in the treatment of cancer, hormone therapy and for the production of anti-inflammatory drugs.
The influence of a person on corals can lead to negative consequences. According to approximate calculations, about 10% of coral reefs have already died. In addition, about 60% are under threat of extinction due to such a factor as global warming.
Reef The closest Key Lagro (Florida) is the third largest (after Australian and Ballisian). However, he is not as healthy as it may seem at first glance. Fishing tourism and overall pollution destroy it. That is why it was declared a zone prohibited for tourism. The Special Commission appointed a patrol to protect this place from violators. Arrangers work with the boats. Aerial reconnaissance Very effective when catching poachers.
Protection can only protect. And in order to save - you need time. A special group of scientists under the leadership of the University of North Carolina settled in the underwater design, where there is laboratory experiments literally a few meters from the reef. During ten-day shifts, four scientists and 2 assistants live in a room that is no longer a bus in size. There are all life support systems that help scientists live under water, studying the peculiarities of the underwater world and the path of saving coral reef.
These people live in the hardest conditions. At lunch, they eat smoothly so much to die. The pressure is governed by team members in order to avoid blood surprises with nitrogen. However, there are great advantages of this lifestyle. Thanks to him, they have as many as 9 hours a day in order to be near Reef. In addition, constant intimacy makes it possible to quickly access the reef. Some experiments could not be carried out from the surface.
One of the most beautiful moments that can be observed is called coral spawning. This happens 1-2 times a year when they release great amount Games in water. This is a very beautiful sight. Understanding how coral reefs multiplies will help restore damage.
The destruction of coral reefs can be even more dangerous than reducing tropical forests. New trees can be planted, but corals are impossible. In addition, they grow very slowly - about three millimeters per year. It is difficult to say how many secrets will be studied by how scientists will be able to restore them. In the meantime, the creation of the reserve is the first right step By guard.
The human body consists of 70-80% water, and to keep clean interior environment It must be constantly updated.
Drinking water from the crane has long been dangerous for health and many people install filters or buy bottled water.
But purified water is empty, dead, there is nothing useful in it. We recommend to explore the properties of coral water, which we use yourself.
Independent investigation
Ren-TV journalists. Secrets of water. VIDEO
If you drink little water, you have:
♦ Blood thickened (erythrocyte sticking)
♦ Risk of heart attacks / strokes
♦ Raised arterial pressure (Norm 120/80)
♦ The concentration of toxins in the intercellular fluid increases, it provokes swelling
♦ There may be significant races of body weight (2-3 kg per day)
♦ Insufficient amount of oxygen comes into the cells
♦ often torment headaches, pursue fatigue, the concentration of attention is worse
♦ slows down the speed of exchange processes
♦ The likelihood of sugar diabetes
And this is not full list Health problems that will accompany you all your life if you do not accustom yourself to drink clean water.
Coral water myths
Disputes around the phenomenon of coral water are carried out for several years.
On the Internet you will find a lot of "expose" who write that the coral water is useless. They support their opinions from Wikipedia and textbooks of the elder school biology.
We are guided by facts, results scientific research And its own experience in the direction of health recovery.
Coral water - This is not a healing drink that heal from all diseases. You do not need to endow it with supervocations.
Yes, quality drinking water - This is one of the key factors that affects the health of health. But if you do not change the lifestyle, the habits in nutrition - explicit improvements do not expect.
Only an integrated approach is effective in recovery issues. This is how our site is dedicated.
On this site you will find all the necessary information on health restoration and get professional advice.
Use of coral water
The properties of coral water Scientists began to study when they encountered the phenomenon of the longevity of the Japanese. They were interested in why the inhabitants of Okinawa and Tokunosima islands live for 10-15 years longer than the rest of Japan. And many of themover 100 years And they have excellent health.
Studies confirmed that great importance For our health has the quality of drinking water. It must have certain properties, be the most bioavailable so that our cells are easily absorbed.
The above japanese Islands Located on coral atolls, and all the water is filtered by corals and is saturated with ions of organic minerals.
Scientists have established that from 2.5 thousand species only coral Sango is the most useful for human health. It contains a large number of Microelements, among which are key calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium. These organic minerals go into water in ion form, which means easily absorbed by the body (bioavailable).
There is such a characteristic. With the help of an uncomplicated device, it can be seen that the charge of the usual purified water is about plus 300 ambolt, boiled - plus 400.
And in our cells can only get a negative - with a charge about minus 60 immolite.
When you drink empty water, the body spends energy to bring it to required indicatorBy providing negatively charged particles. So unnoticed year after year you are stealing for several decades of life.
Coral water is saturated with negative ions, it gives energy, speeds up reducing processes and protects against aging.
Coral sand is also a powerful adsorbent, it absorbs chloride compounds, 100% cleansing from which no filters cannot provide.
Coral water is obschela
In our body almost all liquids are neutral or weakly alkaline. Exception - gastric juice, having high acidity, as well as highlighting: sweat, urine.
Lacmus tape It will help to determine the PH-balance of any liquid, for example, saliva. It is necessary to measure it several times during the day, before eating.
W. healthy man This indicator will be about 7.5. Because B. oral cavity It is important to maintain a weakly alkaline environment - this prevents the development of anaerobic bacteria and contributes to digestion.
When the balance shift occurs towards the acidification, immunity weakens and the body loses protection against viruses and bacteria in the blood.
It is important to understand that we scribble ourselves daily by using synthetic food, semi-finished products, sugar, carbonated drinks, coffee, etc. And every day the body consumes the reserves of alkaline minerals to neutralize acids. This is calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium. And first of all, bones and cardiovascular system suffer.
What do we usually do when you begin to break nails, teeth deteriorate or worsen hair quality? - We buy calcium.
But most pharmacy vitamin and mineral complexes are not Natural. They are created in laboratories, and not obtained from natural components.
Not organic compounds Almost not absorbed and causes the deposition of salts, the appearance of sand and stones in the kidneys.
Only organic minerals in ion form are bioavailable for us.
Structuring
The special property of coral water is structured. That is, molecules are ordered in a special way - when freezing form perfect form Snowflakes. In all living organisms, the inner liquid has the right structure and this characteristic is very important for health.
Coral calcium - Coral Mine
To drink water long-livers, today you do not need to move to Japan. Just use crushed, which is mined off the shores of Japan. It contains not only calcium, but also about 60 microelements important for our health. These are organic compounds that are fully absorbed.
It is better to add a coral mine into the cleaned crude water - 1 bag of 1.5 liters, give to stand 5 minutes and you can drink.
Watch an experiment with coral water. How Changes OVP when adding coral Mine
Coral water is safe.
Effective.
Easy to use.
How much to drink water?
An easy-to-adult calculation is necessary for health to drink 30 ml of water per 1 kg of body weight.
For example, your weight is 70 kg, it means to a day it is necessary to drink at least 2.1 liters of clean water.
Drink in the intervals between meals - 20 minutes before meals, after an hour and a half after.
Start your morning with 2 cups of coral water on an empty stomach and you fill the body with energy for the whole day.
How to find out the price and where to buy coral water
You can buy Coral Main Silver in the official store Coral Club.
According to the new rules of the company, distributors have no right to indicate prices on their sites. Find out the retail price and place an order yourself you can the official website of the companyYou can use the currency in the upper left corner by choosing your country.
To get a 20% discount Contact us any convenient way:
Online chat in the lower right corner of the site
Buttons WhatssApp / Viber at the top and bottom
Or fill out the application to receive information by email within 2 minutes
We will give information about current prices for products, as well as taking into account the discount, tell me the address of the nearest official office of sales of the Code of the Club or help arrange delivery.
Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences N. Keller, Senior Researcher, Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Apparatus for underwater research "Mir-1".
Ocean vessel "Vityaz".
Scientific research vessel "Academician Mstislav Keldysh".
Truble "Sigsby" is prepared for descent.
On the stones brought by the trawl with underwater Mountain Ormond (at the output from Gibraltar Strait.), very interesting animals live. Biologists at work.
The underwater apparatus "Mir-2" made this snapshot at a depth of 800 meters.
This is the bottom of the ocean at a depth of 1500 meters. The snapshot was made by the underwater apparatus "Pisis".
Sea urchin. It dwells at a depth of about 3000 meters.
In 1982, I climbed the ocean vessel. It was "Vityaz-2", just a built ship of a new generation, where everything was equipped for research and development. Specialists in the inhabitants of the bottom from the laboratory of the Benthos Institute of Oceanology The Academy of Sciences of the USSR had to assemble the bottom animals inhabiting on the Mid-Atlantic Submarine Ridge. We went out in swimming from Novorossiysk, the port of the attribution of "Vityaz".
The direction of research of the flight was biological, but geologists went with us. Universal attention was attracted by two geologist-German geologists included in the expedition. One of them, Günther Bublitz, was deputy director of the Institute of Moravia in Rostock. Other, Peter, worked at the Geological Institute in Freiburg. Two physics from the Physical Institute of the Academy of Sciences participated in the flight.
The head of our squad was a huge, unusually colorful and artistic Lion Moskalev. He devotedly loved biology, meticulously systematizing its most diverse aspects, was a born systematics and in science and in life. The team of the soul in it did not care, riding from the laughter from his jokes and giving him due to his marine experience.
We were all candidates of science, everything except me, more than once visited flights. Having settled in the cabins, we went to inspect the ship. Inside everything was convenient for work. Spacious light laboratory facilities with huge windows, new binocular magnifiers, sita and "Fedikov's barrel" for cleaning samples, jars for samples - everything was in place. On the decks stood winchs with washes, wound on huge drums of cables. I lay a few dnochethers, stood a salad trawl. On the tank (on the nose of the ship) there was a small winch for work with geological tubes. Very interested in us underwater inhabited apparatus "Pisis" ("Pisces"), which was in a special room.
It was found that after the seaside disease, from which I began to suffer in the first watches of the swimming, the most unpleasant in the sea travel is Adinaiya. Conduct for three months, almost not moving, hard. You start in your own skin, you should experience the arrestant, sitting for months in a close chamber.
Work in the ocean did not deceive my expectations. Nowhere I have not been so excitingly interesting. Particularly complex and exciting as an adventure, were trains. We prepared in advance for this event. During the "idling" to the place of work, we learned to knit art sea knots, stitched and cleaned the trawl network. It was not so simple: several huge saches with cells of different diameters, deftly inserted alone in the other, occupied the entire width of the deck. Men checked the reliability of cables, firmly spilled dubious, weakened areas.
But the ship comes to the planned landfill. The long-awaited working time begins. The feed of our ship ends with a slick - a wide slope in the sea, as on large fishing vessels. Nearby is a big trawl winch. Remove the fencing above the slip. Begin to lower a special benthic trawl "Sigsby". Ringing is art, especially in the underwater mountains, where sharp rocks can break the network. The trashing constantly run on the echo sounder, follow the changes in the bottom relief. The captain of the vessel must have great experience and skill, the captain of the ship is increasingly correcting the ship, blowing so that the trawl can sit on a soft soil. Stressed three kilometers of cable. We need a large self-control and attention of the trashing, able to catch the moment of touching the bottom of the bottom on a three-kilometer depth. Otherwise, the trawl can come empty, and the hours of precious time will be spent in vain. If the cable can't get too much, it can get confused or clinging for the rocks. It's time to raise trawl upstairs. All except the trashing, ordered to leave the deck and hide. If heavy trawl breaks, it happened more than once, the steel suddenly freed cargo can damage the person. Finally, trawl raised. Its content is embarrassed on the deck. It is allowed to approach it only to us, biologists, otherwise sailors and employees can remove the beautiful fauna on souvenirs that fell into the trawl. On the deck, whole piles of soil, shellucas, stones and pebbles: still live inhabitants of depths, so unceremoniously raised to the surface. Close-up large marine hedgehogs of different types are black, with long needles and smaller, colored, with beautiful shell plates. In the cavities on the stones, whales with fine shocking sniffed rays were attached. Shell "legs" sea \u200b\u200bstars. Tight slammed their sash diverse bivalve mollusks. Slowly move in the sun, the bunthrodium and naked mollusks. Try to hide in the cracks of the worms of different types. And - about joy! The mass of small white lime horns with a polyp inside. This is the subject of my surveys, single deep-sea corals. Apparently, the trawl seized the whole "meadow" of these sitting on the slope of the underwater mountain of animals, which are in the "hunt" state, with tentacles released from cups, like bizarre flowers.
Ichtiologists launch their, "commercial" trawl. For Lov. deep-sea fish The expert is invited to the expert - Tralmeister.
Geologists omit geological tubes and Dnocherators. The surface of the sediment mined is also given to us, biologists, for inspection: Suddenly there are some animals there? So we have a lot of work, sit down, disassemble the fauna without flaming. And this is fine, as the most killingly on the ship is the drum days of idleness.
So, the descent then trawls, then the barking, we worked the huge underwater mountain Great Meteor on the Mid-Atlantic Range, from her foot, located at a depth of three kilometers to the underwater vertex. We managed to find out the comparative features of the fauna living on different underwater mountains and at different depths in the central part of the ocean. With the help of the underwater inhabitable Paisis apparatus, lowering at a depth of two kilometers, our colleagues could face the lifestyle and the behavior of many bottom animals, removing all this to the film, then we looked through it, finding each facilities. Everyone was passionate and worked not to twist the hands.
Actinia, like corals, belong to the intestinal animals. Distinguishes them mostly no skeleton. When Aktini is sitting motionless on the rocks in the "hunt" position, dealing with their numerous tentacles around his mouth, they are very similar to underwater flowers, which they considered some scientists of the early XVIII century. During the mist, the tentacles are compressed, and the acts turn into small mucous lumps, in almost indistinguishable growths on the rocks. But all this is only visibility. Actiia has the ability to make the approach of the enemy, for example, some species eating their naked clams for them. Then they take angry defensive postures, threateningly raising the arrow tentacles vertically upwards. They hurt themselves and predatoryly swallow any prey to them. They can break away from the substrate, and then the wave will attribute them to a safe distance. And they can slowly move around solid soil. They fight with the help of a tental and aggressively defend their place from the acts of other species. These animals are able to regenerate, restoring all their body, failing, like a Phoenix bird from the ash, if you leave the intact only 1/6 of it. All this turned out to me, the former paleontologist, unexpected and unusually fascinating. The study of the behavior and lifestyle of the actinium helped me to vividly imagine the peculiarities of the behavior and life of deep-water single corals, which we cannot directly observe in the laboratory conditions.
The captain of the new "Vityaz" was Nikolai Apegetin, one of the most educated and pretty captains that floated on our research courts. Nikolay owned two european languages, was even inquisitive; held with great dignity, taking care of people, and most importantly - he was distinguished by the highest professionalism, and it was a pleasure to work with him.
My second flight took place only in three years. I went under the superior of Hydrolyt Vitaly Ivanovich Vitovov on the same "Vityaz-2" and with the same captain by Apechtin, but already headed his small group.
I was charged at each station to take phytoplankton samples and then filter it. In addition, I made a promise that at the end of the flight specifically for me off the coast of Africa will be made several stops to take samples from the bottom.
Swimming with Vitaly Ivanovich Voytovo was remembered as one of the most pleasant and calm. Looves, a big, benevolent and leisurely man, was not nervous in the expedition and did not rush anyone. However, the work under his authority was spoken, his toeh.
About a month after sailing from Novorossiysk, the Atlantic Ocean crossed. The time "E belt changed so quickly that we barely had time to rearrange their watches. The ocean was unusual, and we peacefully and quietly arrived in the area of \u200b\u200bwork. It was almost within the sadly famous Bermuda triangle, near his corner, where Sargasso Sea is located . Bermuda Triangle - The very place is completely special. Shuri and hurricanes are born here. Therefore, anyone, and in the particular sensitive to the atmospheric fluctuations of a person, does not leave an alarming oppressive feeling, similar tothat experience in front of a thunderstorm. But, fortunately, in this unfortunate area of \u200b\u200bthe sea, the sea was absolutely calm, although the look of a hot dark sun, which felt through the SIZY transparent haze, seemed sinister.
At one of the scientific colloquiums, hydrophysics reported on the existence in the Sargasso Sea of \u200b\u200bRinggi - small ringwaters arising from the rise to the top of the cold-rooting fountains carrying into the upper layers of the aquatic masses nitrates, phosphates and all sorts of other useful phytoplankton and algae organic substances. Decided to check if the existence of invertebrate animals in the rings and size is not affected. My colleague - Natasha Luchy, studied algae, caught a sacc of herbarium different types Sargassov. And I, carefully considering the surfaces of their stems, discovered a lot of worms of polyhetete, sitting in transparent mucous membranes-houses, tiny bunthogs, bivalves and yurt noodlybal mollusks with their multi-colored papilligales. Invertebrates "animals", like small con-ticks, floated on their boats-Sar Gassahs, and the flows spread them all over the ocean. It turned out that German scientists at the end of the XIX century put the experiments, throwing sealed bottles in Sargassovo, and clearly showed how the currents were spinned there, the spreading bottles are unexpectedly far away - to the coast of Europe and South America. Such experiments will be imagination. I began to weigh animals collected within the rings and out of them, compare the amount, size and composition, draw graphics. Found curious results. Indeed, within the rings, life bloomed lifestyle. The beasts were more, they were larger and more diverse. The conclusion turned out to be my little discovery.
The flight came to an end. We passed the Canary Islands and approached the shores of Africa. Finally came the week allocated to me for acquaintance in the area of \u200b\u200bCanary Apureling.
What is Aveveling? As the effect of rotation of the Earth, Coriolis forces arise. Under their impact on the surface of the ocean in tropical zone A multidirectional cycle of surface water masses are formed. At the same time, the eastern coast of all oceans has been lifted depths In the upper layers of the hydrosphere. This is an upwlings. They S. ocean depths They are taken out, as in Rings, only in a much larger scale, nutrients, based on which phytoplankton's phytoplankton is rapidly developing, which, in turn, is developing zooplankton, and the latter copiously feeds the dwarves. At the same time, food can be so much that it is impossible to eat all it, and the result is local zones, the zones of the reinforcement of the bottom fauna, migrating depending on the strengthening or weakening of the upwling. Corals are not feeding phytoplankton. They do not tolerate his abundance, as he prevents them from breathing. These animals absorb oxygen with the entire surface of the body, and their cilia do not have time to clean the upper varnish pad with tentacles from a large number of suspended suspension in water. In those areas of the ocean, where powerful upwelling - Peruvian, Bengelsky acts - the corals are not discovered at all.
I was helped to establish a scoop. There was also a person from the team who knows how to deftly handle this fishing instrument. We decided to work at night. A huge tropical moon has shone. I worked in an excitement as an automatic, barely time to select the samples and sort the soil incentively, we worked at low depths.
In the next flight I went in 1987 on the same "Vityaz-2". The tasks of the flight this time were technical. For the first time, the famous inhabited underwater devices "Peace", made in Finland on projects developed at our institute, and capable of working at depths to six kilometers. A biologist was needed on the expedition to determine the fauna captured by drawers and drags during geological work, as well as manipulators and grids that were equipped with "worlds". The head of the flight appointed the head of the technical sector of our institute Vyacheslav Yastrebov.
On board the vessel, I learned that the magnetic squad is headed by the poet Alexander Gorodnitsky, whose songs we were sang once around the fire in the Beth Pak-Pak desert. We went with us and geologists who studied precipitation in the ocean, - V. Shimk and Talented Ivor Oscarovich Murdmaa.
We went out on "Vityaz" this time from Kaliningrad. Quiet and smooth stood in the straits for which our "Vityaz" walked to the ocean. We passed near the shore of the keel and smaller German towns and villages, admiring the purity and well-groomed houses, embankments, past the garden with touching gnomes, clarops and bunnies. But here the channels are passed. Ahead of the North Sea, at which he raged such a storm that Lotsman refused to lead us further. However, in Lisbon, the hotel, in the rooms paid by the Institute, are waiting for two Englishwomen and a German scientist invited to our flight. And Captain Apekehtin, who and without Lotsmana, here is familiar with every underwater stone, decides to drive the ship on the separation of the sea. Black clouds with ribbon light edges are rapidly rushing across the sky. Dark, terribly and gloomy around. The wind with a sighty whistle and will sweep over our ship.
But everything in the world comes an end. In the "narrowstones" -proliva between England and the French shore, contrary to the fears of the captain, becomes much quieter. An even more relaxed, almost Schillya was the weather in Grozny Biscay Bay. As in the lake, we reached it to Lisbon and after the four-day parking began work at the Underwater Mountains of the Tyrrhenian Sea, near Corsica.
Geologists worked with craps three underwater lifts: Baroni Ridge, Martily and Manyagi Mountains, from the foot to the vertices. All three mountains of volcanic origin, had steep rocky slopes and sharp vertices. It was necessary to have to heal and get the scoop exactly in small grooves, in which the precipitate was accumulated. Here is a real wizard, a master high-class Professor M. V. Emelyanov from the Kaliningrad branch of our institute has shown himself. He shouted so cleverly, that almost all of them came full. Such work with drawers, from my point of view, much exceeds the possibilities of trawls for the catch of the bottom fauna. Of course, it requires a great skill and patience. First, the scales give accurate deep binding. Secondly, it must be admitted that the trawl ruthlessly violates the environment, pulling out all the lives alive at a high distance from the bottom, and the Cupack takes the trial aiming from a certain area. However, the scales cannot catch large animals, and the picture of the bottom population is not quite complete.
As a result of the choice of fauna from Cupacam, I got a picture of the distribution of bottom animals and, of course, single corals on the underwater mountains. Many interesting patterns of fauna distribution in the ocean gave a comparison of the material obtained with the fauna, caught earlier on the Mid-Atlantic Range, in the center of the ocean, where its habitats are very different from life in coastal zone. Thus, the flight turned out to be in scientific relationships very interesting, and the materials got so much as well as a whole biological detachment worked.
My fourth, and the last, the expedition took place in the next, 1988 on the ship "Academician Mstislav Keldysh", the largest and comfortable from the entire research fleet.
The head of the flight was hawks. With us again walked Gardening.
This time we worked out already familiar underwater mountains of the Tyrrhenian Sea, as well as the Mountains of Ormond and Gettisberg in Atlantic Ocean, at the exit from the Gibraltar Strait. But all the attention was paid to work with the help of underwater devices "Peace", the descent of which was collected on the deck all the population of the ship and became truly an exciting spectacle. Three people descended to the depths of the ocean: the commander of the underwater inhabited apparatus, the pilot and the observer from the "Science" with a movie camera. The room inside is very close, people were accommodated almost close to each other. Drew the entrance. Then, with the help of a large trawl, the winch gently lowered the spherical apparatus on the water, which immediately began to swing even with a small wave. Immediately, an inflatable motorboat was suitable from the ship to him. With her, I, I, I Possess, Long Jump, like a gymnast, on the top pad of the swinging ball led a man in a hydrocymus in order to chop down the "world" from the cable of the winch. These were dangerous manipulations. But in our flight everything went well.
Under the water "Peace" could spend up to 25 hours. The whole composition of the vessel, and the team and the "science", looking forward to his return, and peeping out into the water surface. Finally, a squeak was heard - call signs of submarines, and it came up to the surface of the sea, sometimes very far from the ship, distinguishable at night along the luminous red light, its identifiable sign. The ship was touched in order to raise the deck of people as soon as possible, whose strongly swung and spinning while talking on the surface. And so the door of the device is irritated, and the tired "submariners" crawled on the deck. And we get long-awaited materials - breed samples taken by a manipulator, animals sitting on them, a sediment from a stitch and beasts from a sediment.
Thanks to the "Mira", our geologists were first possible to take in the Tyrrhenian Sea from the slopes of the underwater mountains in layers, from the bottom up the cut, samples of indigenous rocks with the colonies of modern and fossil corals sitting on them. The manipulators of the "worlds" were of samples and lowered them into a special grid in such a way as it usually makes a geologist-stratigraph, working on the surface of the earth, and as on sea depths No one was able to anyone. The subsequent definition of absolute age and species of these corals has already made interesting conclusions about the speed of raising the Gibraltar threshold during the geological time, about the ecological situation that reigned in the Mediterranean in the distant past.
We learned a lot about the lifestyle of bottom invertebrates, about their location in relation to deep streams, accommodation on various soils and on different form of relief. The study of the seabed with the help of the "worlds" soon marked the beginning new Science - Underwater landscape. A few years later, with the help of the "worlds", searches began and studying underwater hydrothermal sources and their specific population. Thus, working with the "Worlds" opened completely new perspectives and horizons in science. And I am glad that I witnessed the very first, most exciting steps in this direction.
Oceans and the seas are the property of humanity, as they live not only most of all known (and unknown) science of living beings. Also, only in gloomy depths seawater Sometimes you can see such pictures whose beauty is sometimes able to be simply stunning even the most indifferent person. Look at the coral reef, and you will make sure that nature is many times superior to the creation of any talented artist.
What it is?
Coral reefs are called coral colonies, which sometimes form really gigantic education, in size similar to rocks.
Note that real corals that can form reefs are SCLERActinia related to the Anthozoa class, CNIDARIA type. Single individuals form gigantic polyps colonies, and lime colonies of older individuals give support for the development and growth of young people. Contrary to common misconception, the polyps are found at all depths, and not only in shallow water. So, the most beautiful black coral dwells at such a depth, which is not penetrating a single sunlight.
But the real coral reef can only be formed by those species that live on shallow water of the tropical seas.
What reefs exist?
There are three main varieties: bordering, barrier and atolls. As you can guess, the bordering variety occurs in shallow water near the coast. The most impressive formations are the reefs of barriers that are similar to the Volanol. They are located along the coast of the mainland or major islands. As a rule, they are very important. Firstly, millions of living beings are refought there, and secondly, education data is played important role In the formation of the climate of the region, preventing the ocean flows.
The largest and famous is a big barrier reef, which stretched out for 2000 km, forming the eastern edge of the Australian mainland. Others not so significant and its large "relatives" are located along the coast of the Bahamas, as well as in the western of the Atlantic.
Atolls are the small islands of the ring-shaped form. Their coast is protected by coral reefs forming a natural barrier that does not allow strong tides and oceanic currents Wash the fertile layer from the surface of the sushi. Where does the reefs come from, what is the mechanism of their education?
The emergence of coral reefs
Since most polyps need a relatively shallow medium, ideal for them is the presence of a small and flat base, preferably located near the coast. However, many scientists believe that the conditions under which the formation of the colony of polyps is possible, where much is more diverse.
So, many atolls in all signs were to arise on the tops of old volcanoes, but not everywhere traces of truly high lava entities were found everywhere, which could fully confirm this theory. The famous scientist Charles Darwin traveling to at least famous ship "Beagle", he was engaged not only by the formation of an evolutionary view on the development of mankind. Along the way, he managed to make a lot of discoveries, one of which was the explanation of the world of coral reefs.
"Reef" theory of Ch. Darwin
Suppose that the volcano arising in ancient times gradually increased due to lava, which fell into an external environment as a result of numerous eruptions. As soon as the surface of the ocean will remain about 20 meters, the optimal conditions will arise to populate the vertex of the underwater mountain corals. They begin to quickly increase the colony, gradually completely modifying the primary relief arising after the eruptions.
When a young coral reef reaches a volcano, the upper part of which by that time has almost collapsed, begins to gradually dive back to the ocean. As the corals are immersed, it is starting to grow intensively, and therefore the reef begins to become more massive, while remaining at the same level in relation to the surface of the water.
Dynamic formation theory
Near the reef, the sand begins to accumulate, most of which are the skeletons of the corals themselves, turwiced erosion and some species. marine beings. Oven it becomes more and more, the reef over time begins to be out over the surface of the ocean, gradually forming an atoll. It assumes that the elevation of the colony of polyps over the surface of the water is due to the constant change in the world's ocean.
Many geologists and geographers of that time immediately became interested in this theory. If it is true, then each big coral reef should have carried at least some remains of the volcanic kernel.
Is the volcanic theory of origin of reef?
To check it, in 1904, trial drilling was organized on the island of Funafuti. Alas, but the existing technologies that have existed at that time allowed the depth only at 352 meters, after which the work was stopped, and before the intended nucleus, scientists could have could be reached.
In 1952, the Americans for the same purpose began drilling on the Marshall Islands. At a depth of about 1.5 kilometers, scientists found a layer of volcanic basalt. It was proved that the coral reef was formed more than 60 million years ago, when the colony of polyps settled on top extluous volcano. Darwin B. again It turned out to be right.
How reefs changed during periods of decline in the world's ocean
It is known that the ocean in different periods reached a hundred meters. Modern level Stabilized only six thousand years ago. Scientists believe that 15 thousand years ago the ocean level was at least 100-150 meters below the modern one. Thus, all coral reefs that were formed at the time are now meters for 200-250 below the modern edge. After this mark, the formation of polyps colonies becomes impossible.
In addition, often former coral reefs (the photo is in the article), which were formed in even more ancient periods, find on the current land. They were formed in those times when the level of the ocean was as high as possible, and there was no ice caps on the earth's poles. Note that between ice periods The polyps did not actually form a little significant colonies, as the water level changed too quickly.
Egypt is especially indicative in this regard. Coral reefs in the Red Sea are sometimes found on huge depths, which several million years ago were the bottom of ordinary small seas.
The main components of the coral reef
To understand how specifically the colony of polyps is arranged, for example, consider the coast of Jamaica. At any photo of the classic atoll, it is first visible cool ascending from the depths of sandy braid. Dark strips located in parallel atoll are traces of the destruction of corals that occurred in different due to ocean level fluctuations.
Sailors this zone is determined by Rubunam: Even at night, the noise of the surf, which is distributed long before the appearance of the coast, warns the presence of reefs. After the protected zone, the plateau begins, on which the corals are opened during the low tide. Oddly enough, but in the water area of \u200b\u200bthe lagoons, the depth increases sharply, the colonies of polyps in this area are not as developed, while they continue to remain under water. The plot near the shore, which is constantly opened during the tump, is called a littoral. Corals there is little.
The largest and branchy corals grow on the external edges that look into the open ocean. The greatest concentration marine inhabitants Observed in the area of \u200b\u200bthe littoral. By the way, and who can you meet, visiting the coral reef? Underwater world Egypt and other popular tourist countries are so rich that your eyes will scatter! Yes, in the wealth of fauna, you will not refuse these places.
Underwater world of coral reefs
As scientists say, only on one big barrier reef (about which we have already spoken) almost two thousand species of fish live! Imagine how many worms live there, sponges and other invertebrates?
The most colorful inhabitants are amazing fish Coral reefs are parrots. They received their name for the specific type of "beak", which is a modified jaw plate. The jaws of these "parrots" are so strong that they can easily tear and change the whole blocks of corals.
Since the polyps are not too calories, these fishes have to be constantly. During the year, one population can destroy several tons of corals. The digested residues are thrown into the external environment in the form of sand. Yes, "Parrots" play an important role in the formation of amazingly beautiful beaches from snow-white coral sand.
Recognizable and colorful inhabitants of these places are also hundreds of species of them natural enemies - Sometimes they become the perpetrators of the destruction and reefs themselves. So, the star crown, who arrived on the Australian coast from another hemisphere, has already destroyed hardly 10% of the total barrier reef! Because of this, the oceanologists and the ichthyologists of the whole world declared her real war: Stars are caught and destroyed.
The events carried out still give a certain effect, and therefore today the underwater world of Australia begins to recover.
Coral reefs are unique, biologically diverse and very complex ecosystems. They are sometimes called "jungle oceans." They harm pollution, illness, invasion of foreign animals and irresponsible tourists. The destruction of coral reef violates global ecology And it can adversely affect the economic situation. Coral reefs reduce concentration carbon dioxide In the ocean and are an important link the food chain. With the help of certain measures, you can protect coral reefs and save them for future generations.
Steps
Part 1
Be a responsible tourist- The reef corals are actually small animals. This is a very fragile ecosystem, which is easy to break. Corals are not capable of moving. They live with colonies and have solid skeletons from calcium carbonate, which form the structure of coral reefs.
- Watch your feet. When diving and swimming under water, be careful to accidentally do not hurt the coral reefs with flippers.
-
Do not fish and do not float on the boat near coral reefs. The touch of an anchor or fishing network can damage corals and even destroy them.
Do not throw garbage on the shore or ocean. Fishing nets and other garbage can damage corals. The garbage thrown into the water can nail to the coral reef.
Observe caution in class underwater swimming and diving. Scuba diving among coral reefs is very popular due to their unique beauty. However, underwater swimmers and divers may cause coral reefs significant damage, especially in regions with advanced tourism.
Do not buy souvenirs from corals. Live creatures should not be taken from the ocean or purchase them in souvenir shops. Some countries sell decorations and other souvenirs from corals. Do not buy them.
Stay in hotels in which you care about the environment. Hotels can have a significant impact on the environment. Often they are located near the shore itself, and a large number of people stop in them. Choose hotels in which they try to reduce environmental pollution.
Part 2
Reduce the damage environment-
Take care of the environment. The poor environment of the environment adversely affects coral reefs. If you are carefully related to the environment, thereby help protect coral reefs.
Do not build buildings and other buildings near the coastal line. Some coral reefs are located near the coast. Activities and buildings on the shore (pier, docks, arable land and the like) can have negative influence on coral reefs.
- As a result of human activity on the coastal line, sedimentary breeds are formed on the coastal line, which are then found in the ocean, where it makes it difficult to access light in the water. This leads to the death of corals, which require sunlight.
- Sedimentary breeds can cover corals, which leads to their death or complete growth stop.
- Corallands and living among them are harmful to people used by people, pesticides and herbicides, as well as agricultural, construction and other waste and garbage.
-
Participate in the fight against global warming. General deterioration environmental setting Indirectly damages and coral reefs. Coral reefs are very sensitive to the temperature of them harmful to them. Reducing carbon dioxide emissions helps prevent global warming.
-
Do not touch coral reefs. They can be seriously damaged by a boat or ship hull. The protection of coral reefs largely depends on the fact that experts are called "control of the movement of ships." You need to know where coral reefs are located in order to even accidentally hurt them by the ship's hull. They can be damaged by simply touch.
Loading...
