Flying Fish is amazing, because the fish should swim, and this flies. The spectacle is fantastic, suddenly a scaly bird rushes from the sea buffin, shimmering with all the colors of the rainbow. And even eyes with difficulty believe that it is possible.
This amazing fish dwells in the waters of the seas and oceans in warm latitudes. In nature, there are at least 60 species of such fish. Especially often these fantastic inhabitants of the depths are found near southern coast China, Japan, Vietnam, near the island of Barbados. Flying fish in these countries is considered to be a fishery, a variety of dishes are prepared from it.
Flying fish As a rule, short jaws have, and their chest fins have huge sizes that are approximately equal to the length of its body. These fish lead their pedigree from the semi-puzzles. Such proximity is manifested in the fact that the fodels of certain types of bats, for example, Fodiator Acutus (long-lying flying fish). They have an elongated lower jaw and externally resemble semi-colors.
Representatives of most families of these amazing volatile fish do not differ in large sizes. The largest type of such flying fish is Cheilopogon Pinnatibarbatus, its length, reaches 50 cm, representatives of the little view They have dimensions no more than 15 cm.
Volatile fish use quite typical painting for representatives of the ichthyofauna of the surface layers of the sea. The bottom of the body of the fish is silver, and the spin of the dark blue color. Thoracic fins are very bright and diverse color, they can be monophonic, green, blue, orange or generally transparent and very pins, striped or spotted.
As mentioned earlier, the family of volatile fish includes a little more than 60 species that are combined into 7 main births. Especially many types of such fish live in the West Pacific Ocean and B. Indian Ocean, there live about 49 species of these amazing fish. And in the eastern part of the Pacific Ocean lives about 29 types of flying fish. In the Atlantic approximately 16 species of such fish.
Volatile fish are limited to temperature indicators of water. Where the water of the weather is less than + 20 degrees, volatile fish do not live. And the most big variety The types of volatile fish live in the most warm zones of the World Ocean.
For peripheral water tropical zonewhere water is cooled in winter, characterized by the habitat of only several types of volatile fish extremely permissible temperaturesAt which they can exist reach there + 16-18 0 C. In the warm season of the year, single specimens of volatile fish may occasionally enter the districts of areas removed from the tropical seas. So the coast of Europe, they met in La Manne and even from the shores of Denmark and Southern Norway.
They met in our waters Far East In the bay of Peter the Great. There sometimes come from volatile fish from the Cheilopogon Doederleinii family or Japanese volatile fish.
One of the most characteristic features of volatile fish, as already understandable from their name, is their ability to fly. Probably, during evolution, this ability developed as a way to save from predatory fish. However B. different species Volatile fish, such ability is developed in different degrees.
Those types of volatile fish, which have relatively short breast fins, such as the Longland Fodiator Freaker, own less perfect flight than those species that have long "wings" (breast fins).
The evolution of battlefish flights within their family took place in two directions. One direction was formed by double volatile fish, which, with flights, use exclusively pectoral fins, which reach these species huge sizes. 
Such a representative, for example, is the type of exotic VOLITANS, sometimes they are compared with monoplams airplanes.
The second direction represents the types of "four-fold" volatile fish they leave about 50 species resembling biplane aircraft. These fish fly, using two pairs of fins, they have increasing not only thoracic fins, but also abdominal.
In the process of the evolution of flights and the same direction formed forms, perfectly adopted to life in the upper horizons of the ocean. In addition to the development of chest and abdominal fins to the flight, the tail fin is also fit. Its rays are rigidly connected to each other, and the lower blade with compared to the top is much increased. Also, these fish have a well-developed swimming bubble, which stretches under the entire spine to the tail. There are a number of other features.
The farthest and long flight is carried out by volatile fish using four fins for flight. Developing in water most speedThese fish are pulled out to the surface of the sea, and the broke time slides along this surface, straightening breast fins. At the same time, they vigorously accelerate the movement, working energetically working the lower blade of the tail fin. Being in water, flying fish develops a speed of about 30 km / h, and gliding on the surface of the water, increases this speed to 65 km / h. Further, the fish breaks away from the surface and reveals at this moment the abdominal fins and plans above the sea surface. Sometimes this fish when flying can touch the water tail and vibrate them, which gives it additional acceleration. It exercises 3 or 4 and the duration of the flight and its range increases.
In most cases, the flight lasts no more than 10 seconds, and during this time the fish can fly several tens of meters. But it happens that the duration of the flight may increase to 30 seconds and the flight range can reach 200, and sometimes 400 m. Probably the range and duration of the flight is influenced by atmospheric phenomena. So, for example, when the ascending currents of the air or a weak wind are always the duration of flight always increases.
Many travelers and sailors did not once argue that during flight this fish waves with its fins, like a bird or dragonfly. However, in fact, during the flight, the fins of volatile fish are in a stationary condition and oscillations or waves they do not commit. The angle of inclination is changing, which allows the fish to a few maneuver during the flight.
Some fin shakes, which are eyewitnesses perceive as wings waving, not at all the cause of the flight, but only a consequence. Simply occurs involuntary vibration of painted fins. This is especially manifested when the fish has already risen into the air, but still continues to work the tailflower blade in the water.
As a rule, volatile fish prefer to hold on small flocks consisting of 10-15 individuals. Such stakes leave the fish of one species of the same size. Often, individual flocks of volatile fish accumulate in fairly large shoals. And in the richest in the food areas there are huge clusters consisting of dozens of jambs.
Successful fishing!
The bats of the jaws are short, and breast fins reach large sizescommensurate with the length of the body. Nevertheless, they are very close to the larders, from the ancestors of which they lead their origin. This proximity is manifested, in particular, in the fact that the fry of certain types (for example, longland fly fish - FODIATOR ACUTUS) have an elongated lower jaw and appearance It is quite similar to semi-lies. It can be said that such volatile fish are held by the "Heat Stage" in their individual development.
Representatives of this family do not reach large sizes. Most large view - giant fly fish (Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus) - can have a length of about 50 cm, and the smallest do not exceed 15 cm. Coloring of volatile fish is quite typical for the inhabitants of the near-surface layer open sea: The back of them is dark blue, and the bottom of the body is silver. The color of the chest fins, which can be both monophonic (transparent, blue, green or brown), and the motley (spotted or strzed), are very diverse.
Volatile fish inhabit the water of all warm seaspresenting a characteristic element of the geographical landscape tropical Ocean. This family has more than 60 species united in 7 genera. Particularly diverse fauna of the volatile fish of the Indo-Westyoko-Okean region, where there are more than 40 species belonging to this family. About 20 species of volatile fish were discovered in the eastern Pacific, and in the Atlantic Ocean, only 16 species.
The spread of volatile fish, roughly speaking, is limited to water having a temperature above 20 ° C. Nevertheless, most species occur only in the warmest areas of the world's ocean at a water temperature of more than 23 ° C. For the periphery of a tropical zone susceptible to winter cooling, only a few species of subtropical volatile fish are characterized, sometimes even at 16-18 ° C. In the warm season, single individuals of volatile fish come occasionally and in distant from the tropics. At the coast of Europe, they are marked up to La Mans and even to Southern Norway and Denmark, and in the Soviet Far Eastern waters come across in the Gulf of Peter the Great, where they caught a few times japanese Bat Fish (Cheilopogon doederleinii).
Most characteristic feature Batisters are their ability to fly, evident, obviously, as a device for salvation from predators. This ability is expressed in different kinds into a different degree. Elegest of such species of bats that have relatively short pectoral fins (they are among others longland pavement Fodiator) is less perfect than at species with long "wings". At the same time, the evolution of the flight within the family occurred, obviously in two directions. One of them led to the formation of "twisted" bats using only breast fins during flight, which achieve very large sizes. A typical representative of the "doubled" volatile fish compared sometimes with monoplans aircraft is ordinary twisted (Exocoetus Volitans). Another direction is represented by "four-fold" volatile fish (4 kinds and about 50 species), which are likened to biplant aircraft. The flight of these fish is carried out with the help of two pairs of carrier planes, since they have increased not only to breast, but also abdominal fins, and in the fancy stages of development and those and other fins have approximately the same area. Both directions in the essence of the flight led to the formation of forms well adapted to life in the surface layers of the ocean. At the same time, in addition to the development of "wings", the adaptation to the flight was reflected in the volatile fish in the structure of the tailflower, the rays of which are rigidly interconnected and the lower blade is very large compared to the top, in the extraordinary development of a huge swimming bubble, which is continuing under the spine to the tails , and in a number of other features.
The highest range and duration reaches a flight of "four-roll" bats. Developing a considerable speed in water, such a fish comes to the surface of the sea and for some time (sometimes quite long) slides on it with straightened breast fins, energetically accelerating the movement with the help of oscillatory movements immersed in the water of the long lower blade of the tail fin. While in the water, flying fish reaches a speed of about 30 km / h, and on the surface increases it to 60-65 km / h. Then the fish breaks away from the water and, open the abdominal fins, plans over its surface. In some cases, a flying fish at the flight sometimes relates to the water tail and, vibrating them, it receives additional acceleration. The number of such touches can reach three to four, and in this case the duration of the flight is naturally increasing. Usually, flying fish is in flight no more than ten seconds and flies during this time several tens of meters, but sometimes the duration of the flight increases to 30 seconds, and its range reaches 200 and even 400 m. Apparently, the flight duration to some extent It depends on the atmospheric conditions, since in the presence of weak wind or upstream air currents, volatile fish fly long distances and are longer in flight.
Many sailors and travelers who observed flying fish from the deck of the ship claimed that they "clearly saw that the fish wave the wings in the same way as dragonfly or a bird." In fact, the "wings" of volatile fish remains a completely fixed state and do not make any waves or oscillations. Only the angle of inclination of fins may apparently change, and this allows the fish to slightly change the direction of flight. Then the shake of fins, which marks eyewitnesses, is not the cause of the flight, but its consequence. It is explained by the involuntary vibration of painted fins, especially strong in those moments when the fish already located in the air still continues to work in the water with its tailflower.
Volatile fish usually keep in small flocks, as a rule, up to a dozen individuals. These stakes consist of close-up fish belonging to one type. Separate packs are often grouped into larger shoals, and sometimes significant accumulations of volatile fish are formed in the most stern regions, consisting of many jambs.
For volatile fish (as well as for other sargano-shaped), a positive response to light is extremely characteristic. At night, volatile fish are attracted by sources of artificial lighting (for example, ship lights, as well as special illites used to attract fish). They are usually pumped to a light source above the water, often hitting the vessel on the board, or slowly swim to the lamp with straightened breast fins.
All volatile fish feed on plankton animals living in a surface layer, mainly small crustaceans and glooping mollusks, as well as fish larvae. At the same time, the volatile fish themselves are important than many painted fish Tropical Ocean (Corrynez, Tuntsov, etc.) "as well as squid and seabirds.
The species composition of volatile fish differs significantly in the coastal and distant areas from the shores. There are species that are found only in close proximity to coasts, others can go to the open ocean, but for reproduction return to the coastal zone, the third constantly inhabit ocean expanses. The main reason for this separation is different requirements for spawning conditions. Types that breed off the coast are laying off their caviar equipped with adhesive filamentous appendages, on algae attached to the bottom or floating at the surface. At the coast of the island of Kyushu, for example, the ikethine of Japanese flying fish occurs at the beginning of summer. At this time, the big shoals of bat fish are suitable in the evenings to the shore in places where there are thickets of algae, and are collected at night at the bottom at a depth of 10 m. During the spawning, volatile fish make circular movements with leaving breast fins, releasing caviar and Milks. At the same time, water is painted in greenish-dairy for several tens of meters.
Ocean volatile fish are usually used as a non-substrate, then a small amount of floating material, which is always available in the sea: various "fins" of coastal origin (drifting algae, branches and fruits of land plants, coconuts), bird feathers and even Sailboat (Velella ) Living on the surface of the water. Only "dwarf" pavements (from the genus exocoetus) have a floating caviar, lost trailed filamentous growths.
Volatile fish have delicious meat and in some areas of tropical and subtropical stripes are actively used by fishery. For local consumption, these fish are produced in almost all tropical countries, and in some places there are special fishing, which is produced in most cases by handicrafts.
On the islands of Polynesia, volatile fish are produced by hooked gears, fastened by pieces of shrimp, as well as grids and saches at night, attracting fish to boats with light of burning torches or lamps. In the last way, volatile fish themselves flew into the network of fishermen. On the Philippine Islands for the fishing of bats, various net traps, gill networks and purses and purse, and the findings are usually carried out with the "pitch", when several special boats, scaring fish, drive it to the networks. Pretty considerable fishing exists in India. There, it is made mainly during the spawning of volatile fish using artificial floating spawns (in the form of branches of branches towed for the boat), to which the fading caviar fish, which are then collected by networks. Batisters are also catching in China, Vietnam, Indonesia (where, except for the fishing of the fish themselves, the collection of their caviar deferred on coastal vegetation is also practiced), on the islands Caribbean and in other areas. The most significant fishing that uses modern methods Fishery ( drifter networks, Piece non-day, etc.), exists in Japan. The catch of volatile fish in this country is more than half of their world catch.
Life of animals: in 6 volumes. - M.: Enlightenment. Edited by Professors N.A. Gladkova, A.V. Mikheev. 1970 .
- This term has other meanings, see Flying Fish (constellation). Flying fish ... Wikipedia
Family sea fish Sargan-shaped squad. Length 15 55 cm. Over 70 species, in the tropical and temperate waters of the quiet, Indian and Atlantic oceans. In Russia in the Japanese Sea. "Fly" over water up to 200 (sometimes up to 400) meters. An object… … encyclopedic Dictionary
Flying fish - Origin: EXOCOETIDAE Family of Sea Fish Sorgan Fishing Small Pelagic, Usually Stoyed Fish. More than 60 species; Length 15 50 cm. Have long breasts, and some volatile fish and abdominal, fins and an elongated lower blade ... ... Nautical encyclopedic handbook
- (Exocoeetidae) Field of Sargan-shaped squad fish. The length of the body is up to 45 cm. Breast fins are located high, very long and wide adaptation to a steaming flight over the water, which is a means of salvation from pursuing predatory fish. ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Ordinary Dolfather - (EXOCOETUS VOLITANS) See also Family Flower Family (Exocoeetidae) in an ordinary long-term body covered with a large, easily fallen county scales. The lateral line is very low, almost around the edge of the abdomen. The head is small with ... Fish of Russia. Directory
- (Beloniformes), the detachment of the leapspery (see. Empty fish) fish. Known with Eocenta (see Eocene Department). 4 families and about 150 species widespread in the warm waters of the oceans and fresh reservoirs in the upper water layers. All sargano-shaped ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Sea fish, which is capable of steaming over the water, as a bird, and is called a volatile. Of course, this "Ptashka" is not able to fly away, still she has fins, and not wings. However, fly in a meter above sea level, and even at a decent speed of up to 60 km / h, this fish can easily.
Exocoeetidae, that from Latin and translates "Bat Fish", this is a whole family of fish. It hastily united more than 70 species, and all of them have well-developed breast fins that help the fish make their short flights when they jump out of the water. Bats are in every ocean, but most of all they love subtropics and tropics, where average temperature Water is not colder than 20 ° C. In alone, an Indo-Western part of the Pacific Ocean can be found at least forty species, his eastern region boasts twenty. The Atlantic Ocean is rich in seventeen species.
IN summer period Fly fish migrates to the North european territory, To the shores of Denmark, Norway, and even swims into La Mans. Many species also live in the Caribbean, especially by the coast of Barbados, here is a flying fish not just the subject of fishing and pride local residents, in these places it is real national symbol. And even the informal name of the country is the "Earth of Breaking Fish."
Among external features Bat fish can be distinguished short jaws, and the above-mentioned breast fins are hardly the longest to the whole body. This fish can be found in a gray-blue color and a dark back, and the fins are of a wide variety of colors and shades, most often there are blue, green, brown and transparent. In terms of individual there are from 15 centimeters to half a meter.
If a volatile fish threatens the danger, and sometimes just for entertainment, she, helping himself with strong tailings of the tail of water (almost 70 times per second), jumps out of the water as it should slide over airspace, using its breast fins for this. The secret of this fish in her evolutionary DevelopmentThe fact is that it happened in two directions. Some species use only thoracic fins for the harvest, others also apply abdominal. The structure of the tail indicates the former ability of the creature to flight. In the tail fins, the so-called rays are firmly interconnected, while the lower tail blade significantly exceeds the upper one. Those species that have shorter breast fins can fly significantly further than those whose fins are longer. Fish can also adjust the direction during the flight, for this purpose it has to change the angle of the fins. The takeoff occurs at an angle of 35-45 degrees from the water stroit, then some time the fish soar over the air, and after gradually decreases and dives into the water. The length of the flight is not symbolic, in the medium it reaches 50 meters, and in rare casesWhen the fish can catch air flows with surface rescue, the range can increase to 400 meters. However, at the same time, the fish cannot fully control the flight, so they are often crashed into the board of passing ships or even fall on the deck.
Volatile fish do not live by one, they are going to small flocks. Some species live in open Ocean, others choose coastal zones. And some come back to the shores from open space Ocean only for spawning time.
The caviar of bat fish has a reddish-orange shade, usually they attach it to algae or a floating garbage, such as coconut nuts or bird feathers. The main diet of these fish - small racials Both plankton, but they do not face insect larvae and molluscs. IN the food chain Bat fish took its place, becoming food for superior in the size of squid, fish and even birds. At night, these fish is easy to catch, because they swarm themselves on the bright light, right in the network of experienced sailors, or rather into the boat. There is a special way of catching volatile fish. Fishermen fill in water boat and put a lit lamp in it. The fish flies into this trap on the light, and jump back can no longer, since for a set of speed, which would be enough to jump, simply no place.
Fly fish has a rather tasty meat, so it is an industrial interest in many countries, for example, in Japan or India. Perhaps for Japan, this fish has the greatest value, since it is there that they catch half of the total catch of flying fish in the world.
Not only the flesh of fish, but also her caviar (the Japanese call it "Tobiko") is a gastronomic value. Masters of Japanese cuisine use it for sushi, sashimi, rolls and other national sings. The caviar color is not too bright, so it often changes the color with natural dyes, so in restaurants you can find a purple, bright green or bright red battlefish.
Composition and beneficial properties
Delicious and extraordinary meat of these fish has large quantity Useful proteins that are easily absorbed by the body, sometimes their amount reaches 30% of the total mass. The fish is also rich in indispensable fats, phosphorus that is responsible for normal formation musculoskeletal system, as well as potassium, which is necessary for the good work of the heart muscle and the whole muscles in general. Together with meat and caviar of a flying fish, a person gets the necessary portion of vitamin A, which improves the condition of the skin and vision, and the immunity increases. In addition, in volatile fish a lot of vitamin D, which is necessary for the absorption of calcium. This fish contains well-known antioxidant vitamin C, as well as all vitamins of Group V.
Born crawling can not fly - and born swimming can be completely! Flying fish exocoeetidae - a mystery of nature, in which there is nothing mysterious, if we take into account the evolution and the fact that we all at the dawn of civilization came out of the world's ocean.
Flying fish are found in the warmest naval and ocean waters, they have 40 species, and on Barbados, this is not a national character. Japan, Vietnam and China, for whom there is nothing saint in the fishing world (however, this fish is not protected by environmentalists), they consider exocoeetidae fishing, and for the Pirates of the Caribbean Sea, they are desirable delicacy.
How flies fly fish? Before the takeoff 70 times quickly moves the tail before making a jerk to the surface. The body shape is similar to the airplane fuselage or, as it is called otherwise, torpedo to ensure flowering and reduce air resistance. The aerodynamic properties of the fins-wings located on the ribs are also akin to the wing of the aircraft and, in fact, the wing of the bird. The fish sends them a bit up to ensure the rise, while can catch the upstream air flows and thus flying the meter 150, or even 300. There are still volatile fish equipped with two additional fins at the bottom of the body - these individuals and 400 meters fly Do not. At the end of the flight, the breast fins are folded, and the fish falls into the water again - or it may simply push the tail from the surface and change the direction of movement.
What is food? Plankton and other small organisms.
Who fears? Marlin, Tuna, Sword Fish, Mackerel and Others hunt marlin large predators. There are still very destructive birds with the offensive name of the Olushi, who adapted to podkrabu the moment when the feuds have to poss out from under the nose of the ship cutting the wave. However, from all these hunters exocoeetidae can feel quite cleverly. But to hide or hide from a person it turns out to be more difficult. Fishermen specially go out at night at sea on boats, highlighted by a lantern, because the volatile fish, like moths, fly to the light - and as a result, fall straight into the boat.
Volati Fish Exocoeetidae on video:
Tropical twisted flying fish (lat. Exocoetus Volitans) is able to fly to a semi-kilometer distance, skillfully using in its flight strength airflows. It belongs to the family of volatile fish (exocoeetidae) from the sargano-shaft detachment (Beloniformes).
Her unusual abilities During the presence of large pectoral fins that have become an analogue of bird wings.
The meat of volatile fish has a gentle taste, so in some regions they are actively loyal. Polynesians catch them at night, attracting to themselves with the help of light.
If you put in the sea a boat filled with water and light the lamp on it, you will get a great trap for fluttering a flying fish. After hitting, it does not pick up speed, can not jump out. More than 50% of the catch accounted for in residents of Japan.
Bat fish belongs to the inhabitants of subtropical and tropical ocean waters with high salinity. In the area of \u200b\u200bher habitat temperature aquatic environment There must be at least 20 ° C.
It lives in near-surface layers without entering the depth of more than 20 m.
Reproduction
Spawning is at the open sea. Ikrinka swim freely on its surface. Putting them do not give protruding fibers, which they can attach to floating subjects.
Engches develop very quickly. Almost immediately after pulling out the light, larvae appear, which keep on the water surface. Originally food for them is the contents of the yolk bag.
Bright fry with small fins do not resemble adult individuals. Some types of volatile fish from the Atlantic are departed to spawning in the Mediterranean Sea. Having reached a length of 5 cm, the young man first begins to master the art of jumping over the water stroke. Sexual maturity comes aged 15 months.
Behavior
Bat fish is a born traveler. Having friendly character, it is not going to large shoals, but forms small flocks and goes to search for plankton. She finds her food on the surface of the sea, gladly drinking larvae, crustaceans and swimming caviar.
The fish gets the necessary food, sucking liquid into the mouth and passing it through the gill cracks, where microscopic mining remains.
To make the flight, it accelerates under water, then, slightly snapped, increases its speed due to the intensive work of the tail. If her path blocks the ship, then she jumps against the wind and rises to a height of more than 10 m. For one jump, it can push off the surface of the water surface several times.
The direction of flight sets the stream of wind, the flying fish itself is not able to choose the direction of movement. There have been cases when she crashed into a board of the ship.
Main natural enemies are dolphins and tuna. The cant of tunapets is imperceptibly sailing to a small group of fish, and then sharply introduced into the flock and accelerates them. The hunters begin to pursue individual individuals and overtake them, not giving the opportunity to take off.
Dolphins use other tactics. Floating in the upper layers, they are watching landing fish and grab them. Olushi or Albatrosse can be sketched during the flight.
In flight, representatives of this species are not masting fin, but spreading them widely. The angle of entry into the water, the direction of flight and its duration largely depends on the strength of the wind. They are capable of developing speed up to 60 km / h.
Description
The body length reaches 30 cm, and the weight is 0.5 kg. At the top of the miniature head are large eyes with a light rainbow. The mouth is bold well-pronounced lips, and the lower jaw is slightly represented.
The whole body is covered with large round scales. Top part The bodies are painted in a dark blue, and the bottom is lighter.
Small highly located abdominal fins in the air are revealed like a fan. Breast fins are very elongated and have great scope. Small dorsal Strongly move back. The upper part of the tailflower is less lower.
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