Mainland South America is located in six climatic belts. Tropical I. prevail subscance belt, The average annual temperature on the mainland about thirty degrees of heat, the climate is rather wet. All this contributes to the development of unique flora and fauna of South America.
Amazing and varied flora and fauna of the South American continent
During cretaceous periodWhen the mainland of Gondwan broke up, South America has become an island for a while and a special fauna has been formed here, where Notownguli prevailed. Notownguli translated by S. latin language - Southern ungulates. When the experienses were formed between South and North America, the influx of North American animals led to a partial extinction of local fauna. This mixing of the fauna of both Americas, Paleontologists called "Great American Exchange".
In modern South America lives a large number of species of animals:
- Mammals.
- Reptiles.
- Birds.
- Amphibians.
- Insects.
- Fish.
Some representatives of these species exist only in South America.
In the animal world of South America, a wide variety of catfish families is presented.
Leopard belongs to the family of large cats. Leopard is a large and graceful cat. Leopard body light, slender and muscular with very long tail. The weight of the leopard reaches sixty kilograms, the body length without a tail reaches up to two meters. At the same time, the tail reaches length to one hundred ten centimeters.
Leopard wool color yellow with black stains forming a rosette with a yellow core. Each leopard has its own individual location of spots, akin to fingerprints in humans. Leopard hunts, alone touching the victim Or waiting for her in ambush. Usually hunting antelope, but can use rodents and monkeys as food. May attack livestock. The female shelters the young three months and give birth to two or three kittens, to achieve two and a half years old, kittens become independent.
Externally, Ocelot resembles a leopard, but in size is much less, more likely to compare with the young leopard. Ocelot prefers to live in the tropical jungle. During the day, Ocelotes prefer to sleep on the trees, hiding in the dupes, and at night they go hunting. The prey of Ocelot is Birds and small mammals, sometimes Ocelotot catch snakes. Live and hunt for a single way. Oceka's female shelters a young 2.5 months and gives birth to one or two kittens, which for about seven weeks feed on the mother's milk, and in two years, Ocelot will begin an independent life.
Pampas cat.
Pampas Cat Unlike Ocelot prefers to live on plains and in rare forests, among shrubs, herbs and deserts. Sometimes this cat is called "herbal cat". Size is a relatively large animal, weighing from five to twelve kilograms and the length is about eighty centimeters.
Hunt, as a rule, at night. Pampas Cat Mining - Small Rodents, large insects And birds. In appearance resembles domestic cats, it pretty dense beast With short paws, dense gray-yellow wool. Color color complement brown spots throughout the body and brown or red rings on a fluffy tail. Sometimes there are cats with a monophonic color.
Kittens Pampas Cat lays two and a half months and gives birth to two or three young. Self-independent young becomes at the age of six months, but grow up to two years.
Chilean cat.
Chilean cat prefers to live in mixed and coniferous forests. This is a small animal size with domestic cat. By the color of these sand color cats With black spots that merge into dark stripes. Such a color masks a cat in the forest, which accompanies successful hunt. Chilean cat hunts on small rodents, birds, lizards and insects.
Animals of South America
In the vegetable and animal world of South America, a lot of unusual animals
Alpaca is a wooden domestic animal. Breeding Alpaca is engaged in ancient times. They are grown mainly for haircut woolwhich is very valued in the world. Alpaca wool is similar to sheep, but lighter. From the wool Alpaca make clothes, bedspreads, warm blankets and blankets. These are peaceful, friendly animals. They are inquisitive and afraid.
Capybara.
In another Capibaru called the water-changing. Capibara is a rodent, and the largest in the world. The capibility has a major, heavy body, the height in the withers is about sixty centimeters, and the weight can reach up to sixty kilograms. In appearance cabrib is very similar On the guinea pig, only significantly exceeds it in size. On the body of the capybaras tough, shaggy and long wool of red-brown. The back has a darker color than a light belly. Short paws with membranes on your fingers and powerful, short claws. Capibara is good feeling, phlegmatic. Feed vegetable food.
Armadiole.
Perhaps the most amazing beast in the world is a battleship. The entire body of the armadire is covered with a shell from rigid bone plates. The weight of the armadire reaches sixty kilograms, the length of the body is about one meter. Live usually one by oneFood termites and ants. The stomach of the armadire, as well as the shell is sent with bone plates, which improves food digestion. The female shelters pregnancy from a few weeks, up to several months, the cubs are born in vigorous and always one sex.
The slowest beast on the planet, so completely justifies its name. It dwells mainly on the trees, the occasion of the natural needs of occasionally descends to the ground. As it is easy prey for predators, the last time conducts in crowns of trees. Good swims. Wool thick and long gray brown with green tint. Externally looks like a monkey, the lazy long limbs and a relatively small head. Food sloths of vegetable food, lizards and insects. Live one one. The female shelters pregnancy from six to twelve months. The weight of an adult individual can reach nine kilograms, and height up to sixty centimeters.
Cheerful, smart and frisky monkey. Capuchin's name is obliged to monks from the Order of Capuchins, since the color of his wool amazing manner Looks like the coloring of the monks of this order. Capuchins are small, weigh up to five kilograms And about fifty centimeters increase. These monkeys are very emotional, quickly change the mood and even know how to cry. Feed on fruit, can be laid out lizards and insects. Capuchins live in groups, however, cappuchins can be kept at home.
Fish and birds of South America
In South America, there are a lot of exotic birds, here are some of them:
- Ara parrot.
- Anda Condor.
- Frigate and other birds.
Ara parrot.
Red Ara is the most beautiful bird. It has a bright, contrasting plumage. Lives in tropical, wet forests of South America. Parrots Ara have good memory and capably mimic Human speech. Feed on plants, sometimes make raids on plantation farmers. Are the object of hunting Indians. They are caught because of bright feathers and delicious meat. Parrot females lay two or three eggs and surround them about a month.
Anda Condor.
It is clear from the name that this bird lives in Andes, comes from the marriage family and feeds in Padal. Located on the verge of destruction.
Frigates are residents of the sky. Most of the life they spend in flight. On Earth, they are clumsy and can not swim at all, while they fly over the reservoirs and feed on fish. The frigate can only take off from trees.
Piranha's predatory fish dwells in the waters of the Amazon River and other rivers. May be a threat to humans. Piranha body length about thirty centimeters, in rare cases Reaching eighty centimeters. The males have a dark blue color of scales, females dark purple. Piranha loves warm, fresh, rich water plants. All the time I am looking for food. They attack fish, animals and even on their relatives. Acute teeth in a closed state resemble closed zipper. Piranha itself can be the prey of turtles, kaymans, snakes and birds.
Plants and animals of South America have a great variety and bright colors. Unusual mammals, birds, fish and insects, all this is a unique animal world South America. The favorable climate of this continent contributes to the reproduction of South America's animals and a large number of diverse vegetation of the jungle.
Fauna South America
Not less wealth than plant cover, characterized by the animal world of South America. Modern fauna, as well as the Flora of the mainland, was formed since the end of the chalk period, and from the middle of the tertiary period, South America was isolated from other continents. The antiquity of the fauna is connected with this and the presence in its composition big number endemic forms. Along with this, many of the most ancient representatives of the animal world of South America or seems close to them are found on other continents, which indicates the existence of long-standing land connections between the continents.
An example is the preserved, preserved only in South America and in Australia.
In the fauna of South America man monkeys. This circumstance, along with the lack of finds of the remnants of a primitive man, gave the basis of scientists to argue that South America, like North, was not a hearth formation human race And that a person in South America, succeed. All monkeys of South America belong to the group of widely and are limited in their distribution area of \u200b\u200brainforest.
A feature of the fauna of South America is also the presence in its composition of three endemic families of incomplete, united in one detachment.
A large number of endemic species, childbirth and even families are among predators, hoofs and rodents of South America.
South America (together with Central America) is allocated to a special non-refective area of \u200b\u200banimals and is within the limits of two subsections-- Brazilian and Chilean-Patagonian.
Depending on the differences in natural conditions, primarily in the climate and vegetable cover, the animal world of different parts of the mainland of unequal. Wet tropical forests are characterized by the greatest originality and faunistic wealth, although animals are not playing there big role In the landscape, hiding in dense thickets or spending most Time in high trees. The adaptation to the woody lifestyle is one of the features of animals of Amazonian forests, as well as animal forests of the Congo basin in Africa or the Malay archipelago in Asia.
All American (wide-axes) monkeys are connected with the tropical forests of South America, divided into two families - toy and cappuish.
Fain monkeys of small size. The smallest of them - Warti (Hapale Jacchus) reaches a length of no more than 15--16 cm, their limbs are equipped with claws that help them hold on trees.
For many cappucician monkeys, a strong tail, which is cling to the branches of trees and which plays for them the role of the fifth limb.
Among Kapuchin, the subfamily of the revuns, which received their name for the ability to make cries, heard for many kilometers. Spider-like monkeys with long flexible limbs are widespread.
From representatives of the family of incomplete in tropical forests Lenzers live (Choloepus). They are little mobile and spend most of the time in a hanging position on trees, feed on leaves and shoots. In the trees, the sloths climb confidently, and it is rare on Earth.
Some Murameni are also adapted to life on trees. For example, freely climbs on Tamanda trees; A small agent having a chain tail also spends most of the time on the trees.
A large game is distributed in the forests and savanna and leads a ground lifestyle.
Predators of rainforests from the Feline family are Ocelot, small jaguarundi and large and strong jaguars, which sometimes even attack a person.
Of the predators belonging to the family of doggy, an important little studied forest or a bush dog, living in the tropical forests of Brazil and Guiana. To forest animals, hunting on trees, belongs to Nosua (Nasua) and Kinka (Potos Flavus).
Small animals, few in South America, have only a few representatives. Among them - Tapir (Tapirus Terrestris), small black pig-baken, unaware of South American deer spiker.
Characteristic representatives of rodents in the forests of amazon lowland and other areas of South America are woody chained dickerage coendu (Coendu), well-climbing in trees. Greater harm to plantations of tropical crops are brought to Aguti (DasyPrcta Aguouti), which are watering in the forests of Brazil and Guiana. Almost throughout the mainland, and especially in Amazonian forests, a watered watery, or capible (Hydrochoeerus Capibara) - the largest of rodents, having a torso to 120 cm long.
In the forests of South and Central America there are several types of sophisticated rats, or opossums. Some of them are equipped with a tenacious tail and face trees well.
Amazon forests are sicked by volatile mice, among which there are species that feed on the blood of warm-blooded mammals.
Very richly presented in the forests reptiles and amphibians. From the reptiles are highlighted by water boating - Anaconda (Enecs Murinos) and the land - Boa-Constrictor ( Constrict CONSTRICTOR.). Many poisonous snakes, lizards. Crocodiles are found in the waters of rivers. From amphibious frogs, some of them lead a woody lifestyle.
In the forests there are many different birds, especially brightly colored parrots. The most typical is the largest parrots - Ara. In addition, small sparrow parrots and beautiful brightly fired green parrots are widespread.
The most characteristic representatives of Ornithofaun South America and, in particular, rainforest - Hummingbirds. These are small motley painted birds that feed on the nectar of colors, the name of birds-insects was called.
It is also found in the forests of Goacin, whose chicks have on the wings of claws, helping them with climbing on trees, solar herons and choppers, harpi - huge birds of prey, hunting on young deer, monkeys and sloths.
One of the features of the rainforest of the mainland is an abundance of insects, most of which endemic. There are blowing day and night butterflies, various beetles, ants. Many of the butterflies and beetles are beautifully painted. Some beetles will glow so bright at night that you can read the book. Butterflies have huge sizes. The largest of them - Agrippa - reaches the wings of almost 30 cm.
The fauna is more dry and open spaces of South America - Savannan, tropical parel, subtropical steppes - other than dense forests. From predators, apart from Jaguar, the Puma (found almost throughout South America and coming to North America), Ocelot, Pamppot Cat. From dog predators for the southern part of the mainland, a grivy wolf is characteristic. On the plains and in the mountainous areas, a fox of Pamppa is found almost all over the mainland, in the Far South - Magellanov Lisitsa.
A small pampas deer is spread out of hoofs.
In Savannaps, forests and arable land, representatives of the third family of incomplete - armored tram (DasyPodidae) are animals, equipped with a solid bone shell and with the ability to break into the ground when approaching the danger. Locals hunt them, as they consider their delicious meat.
From rodents in Savannah and steppes there are Viskich and living in the ground Tuko-Tuco. Wolly beaver, or nutria, whose fur is highly appreciated in the global market.
From birds, in addition to numerous parrots and hummingbirds, the South American Ostrich Nanda (RHEA) are found, some large birds of prey.
In the savannah and steppes, snakes are replete and especially lizards.
The characteristic feature of the landscape of Savann South America, like Africa, is numerous termitic buildings. Many areas of South America suffer from locust.
Mountain Fauna Andes differs in peculiar features. It includes a number of endemic animals that are not found in the eastern part of the mainland. The South American representatives of the family camel family are common throughout the mountain region. Two types of wild lames are known - Vigin (Vicuna Lama Vicugna) and Guanako (L. Huanachus). In the past, the Indians who destroyed them were hunted because of meat and wool. Guanaco was found not only in the mountains, but also on the Patagonian plateau and in Pamp. Now wild llamas are rare. In addition, the Indians in Andes are bred two home species of animals of this kind - actually Lama and Alpaca. Lama (Lama Glama) - large and strong animals. They carry gravity for difficult mountain roads, milk and meat are used in food, and they make coarse fabrics from wool. Alpaca (Lama Pacos) is divorced only because of its soft wool.
There are also a spectacled bear, some silent. Previously, small endemic rodents of Chinchilla (Chinchilla) were widespread. Their soft, silky gray fur was considered one of the best and expensive fur. Because of this chinchilla is currently completely exterminated.
Birds are represented in Andes usually endemic, mountainous species of the same childbirth and families that are common in the east of the mainland. Condor (Vultur Gryphus) is remarkable from predatory birds - the largest representative of this detachment.
Flora South America
Most of South America has an exceptional wealth of flora. This is also connected with the modern natural conditions of the mainland, and with the peculiarities of its development. Tropical Flora South America developed from the end mesozoic era. Its development proceeded continuously so far, not disturbed by an olelion, nor significant fluctuations in climatic conditions, as it took place on other continents.
On the other hand, the formation of the vegetation cover of South America, starting from the tertiary period, occurred in almost complete isolation from other major sushi sections. The main features of the Flora of South America are connected with this: its antiquity, species wealth and high degree Endemism.
The vegetation cover in South America has changed significantly under the influence of man than on other continents of the globe. The density of the population on the mainland is small, and huge spaces in some of its parts have almost completely unnecessary. Such territories have retained their natural soil and plant cover unchanged.
South America's vegetation is a source of huge natural resources - food, feed, technical, medicinal, etc. But they have been very weak so much so far.
Flora South America gave humanity a number of essential cultivated plants. The first place among them is potatoes, whose culture was known to the Indians long before the coming of Europeans and is widespread in various fields of South America and now. The most common rubber glasses of Gevei, chocolate tree, a chinny tree grown in many tropical areas of the globe occurs from South America.
South America lies within two floristic areas. The main part of the mainland is included in the limits of the neopropic area. As part of its flora there are some elements common with Africa, which indicates the existence of land bonds between the main students up to the tertiary period.
Part of the mainland south of parallel 40 ° sh. Refers to the Antarctic Floristic Area. Between the Flora of this part of the mainland and Flora Antarctic, Australia and New Zealand is similar to that also indicates existence during geological history connections between these continents.
The overall picture of soil and vegetable zones in the neo-phase region of South America resembles Africa. But the ratio of individual types of vegetation and their species composition on these continents are different. If the main type of vegetation of Africa is Savanna, then wet rainforests are particularly characterized for the vegetation cover of South America, who do not have equal on Earth on the wealth of species or by the vastity of the territory occupied by them.
Wet tropical forests in latitite apodolien soils are distributed in South America on a huge area. The population of Brazil calls them Selvas. Selvas are occupied by a significant part of the Amazon lowland and the adjacent areas of the Orinocal lowland, the slopes of the Brazilian and Gwiang Nagrai. They are also characteristic for coastal stripes Pacific Ocean within Colombia and Ecuador. Thus, wet tropical forests are covered with an equatorial climate area, but, in addition, they grow on the slopes of the Brazilian and Guiangic Nagrain, converted to the side of the Siberiathetic Ocean in higher latitudes where abundant trade in round year.
In the richest rainforest of Amazon lowland, many valuable plants can be found. These forests are characterized by a large height and complexity of a forest canopy. In unlottered areas, there are up to 12 tiers in the forest, and the height is most high trees reaches 80 and even 100 m. More than a third plant species In these forests endemic. Wet tropical forests rise across the slopes of the mountains to about the height of 1000--1500 m, not undergoing significant changes. Above they are replaced by depleted mountain tropical forests.
As climate change, wet rainforests go to savanna with red soils. On Brazilian Highlands between Savannes and wet forest There is a band of almost pure palm forests. Savannes are distributed on a significant part of Brazilian Highlands, mainly in its inner areas. In addition, they occupy large areas on the Orinoxic lowland and the central regions of the Guiangic Highland.
In the south - in Brazil - typical savannahs are known called Campos. Their vegetation consists of high cereals. Wood vegetation or is absolutely absent, or represented by separate copies of mimose, cacti and other xerophytic or succulent trees. Campos Brazilian Highlands is valuable, but relatively small pasture used.
In the north, in Venezuela and Guiana Savannah called Llanos. There, along with high and varied cereal vegetation, there are separate palm trees that give the landscape a peculiar appearance.
On Brazilian Highlands except typical savannaThere are similar types of vegetation, adapted to the transfer of a long arid period. In the north-east of Brazilian Highlands, a significant area is engaged in the so-called kating, which is a rarefied forest from drought-resistant trees and shrubs. Many of them lose the leaves on the dry period of the year, others differ in bloated trollers in which moisture accumulates. Red-brown soils are formed in the kating.
On the plain of the Grand Character, in particularly dry areas, spyerous urban shrubs and sparse forests grow on red-brown soils. In their composition there are a number of endemic wood forms containing a large number of tanning substances.
On the Pacific Coast to the south of wet rainforests, you can also meet the unintelligine lane of savanna vegetation, which then rather quickly goes into semi-desert and deserted.
Large territories with mountain-tropical desert vegetation and soils are on the inner highland Andes.
Subtropical vegetation occupies a relatively small area in South America. However, the variety of types of vegetation cover in subtropical latitudes is quite large.
The extreme southeast of Brazilian Highlands, receiving abundant sediments during the year, is covered with subtropical araucaria forests with an undergrowth of various shrubs, including - Aplaguai tea. Paraguayevsky tea leaves are used by the local population for the manufacture of a common hot drink that replaces tea. By the name of a round vessel, in which this drink is made, it is often called "Mate", or "Yerba Mate".
The second type of subtropical vegetation of South America is a subtropical steppe or PAMPA - characterized for the eastern, most wet parts of La Platsko lowland south of 30 ° Yu.Sh. This is grassy grain vegetation, on fertile reddish-black soils forming on volcanic rocks . It consists of South American species of those goddings of cereals, which are widespread in Europe in the steppes of a moderate belt. There are views of the naughty, bearded, oatmeal. Unlike the steppes of the moderate belt, the vegetation in Pampa vegetates during the year. With the forests of Brazilian Highlands, Pampa is connected by the transitional type of vegetation, where the herbs are combined with thickets of evergreen shrubs.
To the west and south of the Pamppa, as the precipitation decreases, the vegetation of dry subtropical steppes and semi-deserts on gray-brown soils, serous and saline soil appears.
Subtropical vegetation and soil of the Pacific coast, respectively, the peculiarities of climatic conditions, the appearance resembles vegetation and soil European Mediterranean. Thickets of evergreen shrubs on brown soils prevail.
Very originally vegetation moderate breadth South America. There are two main types of vegetable cover, dramatically differing among themselves, respectively, differences in the climate of the eastern and western parts of the southern tip of the mainland. For the Far Southeast (Patagonia), the vegetation of dry steppes and a semi-desert moderate belt are characteristic. This is actually a continuation of the semi-deserts of the western Pamppa in conditions of a more severe and cold climate. The soils predominate chestnut and serous, saline soils are widespread. In vegetable cover, cereals are dominated (for example, silver Argentine Mattik) and various xerophytic shrubs, like cacti, mimosa, etc.
The extreme southwest of the mainland with its oceanic climate, minor annual differences in temperature and large annual amount Precipitation has peculiar vegetation, very ancient and rich in composition. These are the moisture evergreen subnutrctic forests, multi-tiered and very diverse in composition. According to the wealth of species and height, they are not inferior to rainforests. They are abounding the lianas, mosses, lichens. Along with various high-power coniferous trees, evergreen deciduous rocks are common, such as southern beats (Nothofagus). These impregnated forest moisture with difficulty can be clearing and irrigated. They still have been preserved on large areas in an inviolable form and almost without changing their composition, rise across the slopes of the mountains to a height of 2000 m. In these forests, podzolic soils are dominated in the south, moving in more northern areas in forest burst.
Amazing plants of America always attract increased attention. They differ in diversity, which is due to the peculiarities of the formation of the earth's surface and geographic location.
Plants of South America
In South America, which is the fourth largest mainland, there are amazing plants and animals. And not all types are still described and studied.
This is an incredibly beautiful tropical flower growing on small trees. His buds have a kind of female lips folded by a bow. Later, small flowers appear from these lips, and the composition already looks different. The next stage is the appearance of scenic blue and purple berries (5-10 pieces of each flower).
Psychotria is listed in the Red Book, as it came to the list of endangered species.
This is the genus of evergreen trees belonging to the family of the Rochetia. The best gevent grows near the equator at an average temperature of 27 degrees. She needs fertile soil from high levels groundwater and warm wet climate. Preferred growing places - lower slopes of mountains and plain.
Rubber collection with gevent
Gevay Brazilian has a direct barrel, a bright bark, oval shape leathery leaves, white and yellow flowers. Fruits are similar to three-rissed boxes, and the seeds are dense and egg-shaped.
Its height is 30 meters. In the corse of the barrel and branches there are Milky vessels, which circulates Milky Juice Juice (Latex). Due to the fact that natural rubber is present in the wood, fastening fibers, Gevei is famous for durability and high strength. At the same time, it is easy to handle, resistant to exposure increased temperatures and high humidity.
Its main purpose is the production of natural rubber, from which rubber is produced. Latex collecting is practically yearly, with the exception of periods of heavy rains and intensive change of foliage.
This is an amazing plant of South America, a family of umbrella, which has no analogues in the earth Floor. In appearance, it resembles a cosmic aliens. At first glance, it may seem that it is a moss that envelops its mass of rocks and stones. But in fact, the Yarea is a bush with long stems. It grows in Bolivia, Argentina, Peru and Chile. Its age impressive is some colonies over 3000 years.
Yarea is found only at a height of 3-4 thousand meters and is distinguished by frost resistance. It has accumulations of many sprouts, tightly adjacent to each other, the growth of which is no more than 2 cm. Also, she has a pale-purple or pink flowers pollinated by insects. It should be noted that the Yareret has the ability to self-extinguishment, as women and men's cells are present in it. She does not drop foliage all year round.
Locals are accustomed to using it for several purposes: as a remedy for rheumatism and as fuel for cooking. From the dense inside of the plant, you can get a flammable resin. Tea from leaves helps slimming and adjusts blood pressure.
The deforestation of this species accepted so wide scales that threatened with his fast extinction. For this reason, now the prey is strictly prohibited. Ecologically scored alarm and stated that she could simply disappear from the face of the earth.
In another way, Bals is also called a hare tree. It belongs to the Baobab family and grows in Ecuador in wet and raindrops. Her wood has tremendous value due to its properties: lightness, softness and looseness. After complete drying, it becomes more solid than oak. From this breed, people actively made rafts and canoes, but now there are enough resources only on fishing bait and surfboards. Such trees are extremely small on Earth. Balza has and fruit - pods with seeds, which, when disclosure, resemble fluffy clay legs.
This amazing rare plant comes from the mountainous regions of South America. It is known due to the fact that his bark has healing properties. In ancient times, people were treated with her help with malaria.
At the tree green shiny leaves, a reddish hue of the crown and a brown-gray bark. Flowers form large widescreen inflorescences. Fruits look like oblong two-pit boxes, pointed on both sides.
A chiny tree needs a moisture soil and high air humidity.
On the island of Cuba and in the southern forests of Florida there is a very unusual flower - a ghost orchid. He was so called, because he grows as if nowhere.
The ghost orchid prefers to be placed on the trees and swells them with their roots. The rarest flower has no leaves at all. Flowering falls from June to August and on average three weeks. Orchid fruit fragrance resembles an apple. It is difficult to find this orchid, since it grows exclusively in swampy places.
Due to climate change in recent years and poaching, she threatens a complete disappearance.
A rare flower of South America, which surprisingly combines the aromas of cocoa and vanilla. Most often, the cosmy is found at the Flower Fields of Mexico. She has a dark brown-red color, and the height is one and a half meters.
Chocolate cosmey seeds are very low vitality, reproduction is divided by the root tuber. At one time, the flower was on the verge of destruction, because there were many wishing to disrupt it to enjoy the smell. Fortunately, scientists have adopted the necessary events and stopped this process on time.
Cosmeya is very vulnerable to sharp differences in temperature and frost.
Beautiful plant belonging to the Bigonium family, which blooms almost always. Its height can reach 30 meters. It grows in Argentina and Brazil. The crown covers the bell colors of gentle-purple color, between which rare green leaves are peeling. The last in their own way resemble fern. A unique violet fragrance comes from Jacarand, so it is very nice to walk through the streets or squares where it grows. The air is saturated there with warmth and romance. People even say that Zhakaranda brings good luck.
The end of the spring and the beginning of winter is the time of abundant flowering. After, in the place of flowers, seed boxes are formed, which over time burst and scatter a lot of seeds.
Zhakarand has unpretentiousness, resistant to diseases and pests.
This wood is very highly valued in the world. It is used in the production of elite furniture, souvenirs, luxury goods and some musical instruments.
North America plants
Flora and the fauna of North America are rich and diverse with amazing plants and animals. This is explained by the fact that the mainland is located in almost all climatic belts.
She belongs to monotypical family wood plants, Family of cypress. In a different way, they are also called giant pines or mammoth trees. They have a soft and thick bark of pinkish color, which is easily peeling. It accumulates moisture, serving the protection of the trunk from the unfavorable conditions of the external environment.
Growing place is a small territory of the Pacific coast of North America. Sequoia prefer the wet marine climate. In individual copies, the height is 115 meters, and the weight exceeds the ton. Not only the sizes of the sequoia are surprised, but also their age. In individual trees, it exceeds the mark of three thousand years. That is why this amazing plant of North America is considered one of the many miracles of the world.
An important feature of the sequoia is the ability to rapid recovery after mechanical damage. It can also withstand a minus temperature (up to -20 degrees).
Adult trees give a lot of seeds, but only units successfully germinate. Therefore, there is a need to create special reserves for their cultivation.
It grows in Mexico and in the south-west of the United States. It is possible to meet it on well-lit plots in pine forests and shrubs located in rocky deserts. Agava has fleshy volumetric leaves combined by roots into a large outlet. The flowering socket in a perennial plant occurs only once, after which it dies. In her place then new shoots are formed. The flower is similar to aloe, but with wide leaves. At the edges of the leaves there are spikes, and the top ends with a sharp spiny.
Agava has a strong disinfecting effect, so people actively apply it for medicinal purposes. It also represents food value. All parts are edible: roots, seeds, stems, leaves.
It is very popular in the northeastern part of the United States and is used there as a Christmas tree. The size of the tree is small and medium ─ from 15 to 20 m. The fir is a regular cone-shaped crown and a smooth bark of gray-brown. The length of cones from 5 to 10 cm, they are oval-cylindrical. Wood balsamic fir people use in different purposes.
A large coniferous tree, which is positioned as a decorative look and is a symbol in the state of South Dakota. Also found in Alaska and Michigan. Singing fir can grow to 40 m in height, but there are also low specimens - about 15 m. The diameter of the trunk is 1 meter. Young spruce have a narrow-monical crown, and old - cylindrical. Color ─ blue-green top and blue-white bottom. The bark on the trunk is thin, covered with scales.
Hudsonia is found only in the mountainous regions of North Carolina. It is a small shrub that looks like heather. At the end of the branches grow yellow flowerscollected in the brush. The total number of species is very small - about a hundred copies.
Western steppe orchid
This rare flower grows only in the five states of the United States of America and refers to the Labor family. It can be found in the departures and prairies left after glaciers. For Western steppe orchids pose a threat to fires and excessive grazing.
A large coniferous tree that meets in the northwestern part of the Pacific forests and is a symbol of Washington state. The height of the Tsuga reaches an average of 60-70 meters, and the diameter of the barrel is almost three meters. He has a gray or brown scaly bark with folds, in which a very high content of tanning substances. Widely sprawled branches of Tsugs hang down, and the leaves are flat and pointed at the ends. Young buds of bright green color, and mature - light brown.
This is a decorative appearance, which is badly tolerates frost. The best Tsug grow on weakly acidic soils near rivers and lakes.
This fir grows on the west coast of North America and prefers moisture, periodically flooded soils. It ranks fifth in the world largest among coniferous trees. Its height reaches a hundred meters, and the diameter of the stem at the chest level exceeds five meters. The name happened from the city of Sitka from Alaska.
Sitkinsky ate a wide-grade crown and an acute top, which ends with one annual escape. She also has a fractured scaly bark and light brown shoots. The young shishchers are yellow-green, and ripe - brown. Maturation of seeds occurs at the beginning of spring. Sithnic fir shape, but it grows better on the lit areas.
There are many amazing plants in America. Many of them are already disappearing or endangered. Only the awareness of people will help preserve rare species.
From southern pre northern Point The continent extends 7500 kilometers. Here and the world's largest Amazon River from one and a half thousand tributaries, and high mountains of Andes, and a barren desert of Atakama, and tropical forests. The variety of nature implies an equally multifaceted animal world.
The most dangerous animals of South America
Most deadly poisonous creatures of the planet gave exactly animal World of South America. Here, for example, a frog is inhabited that can kill 20 adults. From her and start a list.
Leispolazes
It dwells in the rain tropics. It is here that amphibian is dangerous. The individuals contained in captivity are not poisonous, since they feed on the forge and drosophylas. In the natural environment, leisure is eating aboriginal ants. It is from them the frog produces poison.
Only Leopis Epikhaelus can harm leisure. This is a snake, resistant to poison amphibian. However, if the eaten frog managed to accumulate maximum amount Toxins, poor and leop. Sometimes, by shooting bright yellow amphibia, snakes die.
Lespolaze poisonous in the wild environment, because eats poisonous ants
Brazilian wandering spider
It is the most poisonous on Earth, which confirms the entry in the Guinness Book of Records. Animal neurotoxin is 20 times stronger than the secret of black.
The poison of the wandering spider makes it difficult to breathe. Men additionally arises long-term, painful erection. The bite himself is painful. You can be wounded by spider, taking dirty underwear from the basket, bought a packaging of bananas, taking firewood from the lunite. In the name of the animal, its addiction is constantly moving, it is possible to climb everywhere.
For your strong poison wandering spider listed in the book of records
Spear warca
Like a wandering spider, enters animals of South Americaseeking people in settlements. Spear violent quickly and excumbed, so often sins through the streets of cities.
With timely treatment, 1% of busting people die. Distributing visits to doctors die in 10% of cases. Neurotoxins of viper blocked the respiratory system and destroy cells, in particular, red blood cells. The process is so painful that bruoked to feet and hands require an amputation of them even after successfully introducing an antidote.
Shark
Instead of poison, she is the power of the fangs. Cases of attack on people are recorded worldwide, but in the waters of South America most often. The coast of Brazil is not famous. Here, dozens of people died from the bites of sharks.
In the waters of South America, bovine and tiger sharks can operate. Interestingly, until 1992, there were no attacks on people. The situation, as scientists consider, changed after the construction of the port in the south of Recife. Water pollution reduced the number of the forage base of the shark. They began to eat garbage dropped from ships, floating the ships to the coast.
Tiger shark has on sides strips resembling color tiger
In the photo of the bull shark
Triatomic Corn
Otherwise, it is called a vampire or a kiss, because it is embarrassed in the area of \u200b\u200blips, faces. The insect is powered by blood, parallel to the owner. Calves in the wreck penetrates the impact, causing a chagas disease.
In 70% of busting, it does not appear, but in 30% of the remaining neurological pathology and ailments of the cardiovascular system with age.
The length of the kiss bug is 2.5 centimeters. Insect lives only in South America. Accordingly, Chagas disease is endemic. Every year about 7 thousand people die on the continent.
The kiss tick is very dangerous, most often it is embarrassed to the body in the lip area
Ants Marikopa
Meet in Argentina. Adult man dies after 300 dudes. One puncture is enough for 4-hour acute pain.
Multiple bites of Maricopa are rare, because the housing of the ants can be seen. In the height of the structure reaches 9 meters, and the diameter reach the 2nd.
MARIKOP anthills are very high, they can be easily seen even from afar
Syncole octopus
There is no antidote from his bites. The toxins of one individual is sufficient for the lightning death of an adult. First, the body is paralyzed.
In the waters of southern America, the animal reaches only 20 centimeters in length. The brightly painted animal seems cute, and the bite is painless. Impressions are deceptive.
Piranha
They have instead of poison - sharp teeth. Fish wipe them deftly, attack flocks. At the beginning of the last century, in the eyes of the continent of Theodore Roosevelt in the Amazon dragged the cow. In the eyes of the American president of fish for the moments left only bones from the animal.
By distributing rumors about the killer fish at home, Roosevelt did not take into account that the river was blocked by a couple of days, the sea of \u200b\u200bpiranius hunger. Under normal conditions, the inhabitants of the Amazon rarely attack. This usually happens if a person expires blood. Her taste and smell attract piras.
Anaconda
what animals in South AmericadANGER, but to human deaths are involved only in unconfirmed stories and films. Anaconda attacks water, from the ambush. Perhaps some missing and won in the sips of snake giants. However, there is no confirmation.
The length of Anacond is drawn by 7 meters. The mass of the animal can reach up to 260 kilograms.
Seven meters - Standard snake length. However, sometimes there are 9 meter anaconds. By the way, they belong to the subfamily of the boys.
Anacond has a sexual dimorphism. The females are not only more and harder, but also stronger males. It is a females that are usually hunting for large prey. The male individuals are content with other snakes, birds, lizards and fish.
Black Cayman
Among the 6 inhabiting southern America crocodiles are most dangerous for a person. The predator reaches 600-centimeters long, that is, commensurate with the American Alligator.
In the Amazon area, about 5 fatal attacks of black on people are recorded annually.
The biggest and small animals of the continent
Animals of tropical locations are standardly licensed with gigantism. The warm climate gives a rich feed base. There is something to eat.
Orinoksky crocodile
He is a little larger than black Cayman. In theory, it was the Orinok crocodile that should be in the list of dangerous. However, view on the verge of extinction. Small number eliminates mass attacks on people.
The males of the Orinok crocodile are gaining 380-kilogamm. The length of some individuals reaches almost 7 meters.
Orinoksky, one of the most big species crocodiles
Guanaco
The biggest mammal continent. You can argue because Jaguar is more. However, the wild cat is found outside of South America. Guanaco is only here here.
Guanaco is the ancestor of Lama. Animal gains weight up to 75 kilograms, lives in the mountains.
Nobrel
This is an animal from the list of miniature. Nobrel is a high-mountain frog, lives in Andes. Adults are in length equal to centimeter.
The female nobrels lay out only 2 eggs, each third-of-aged animal. Stage of tasty is absent. Immediately hang out frogs.
Beetle Liliput
The smallest of the beetles of the continent. An animal length does not exceed 2.3 millimeters. Typically, the indicator is 1.5.
Liliput's beetle - recently open view. Externally brown bug with hairy paws and three-bladed horns.
Kholib
Represents miniature birds. The body length along with the tail and the beak does not exceed 6 centimeters. Bird weight is 2-5 grams. Half the volume takes the heart. It is in Ptahi developed than anyone on Earth.
Hummingbird's heart gives 500 beats per minute. If the animal is actively moving, the pulse grows up to thousands of beats.
South American animals listed in the Red Book
Most of the red inhabitants of the continent are residents of forests. Jungle extends along the Amazon, actively cut down the sake of agricultural needs, wood. Under threat of extinction of 269 species of birds, 161-mammals, 32 names of reptiles, 14 amphibians and 17 fish.
Playful Oposatum
Inhabits the northeast coast of the continent. In particular, the animal lives in Suriname. The view is secretive and small, refers to a small mammal.
Playful opossum walks little on earth and climbs a lot of trees. There, the animal is looking for insects and fruits, koim feeds.
Titica whistle
Endemic type of titica. This is a lake in Andes. Bente it, the frog is not found. The second name of the animal is the scrotum. So the frog is nickname because of the deryabula, hanging skin folds.
Skin folds whistle increase the surface of the body, allowing more oxygen through the covers. Light redfight animal small. Additional "feedback" is required.
Vikuni
Like Guanaco refers to wild lamas, but less often lives only in the highland Andes. From the cold, here the representative of the family of camels protects thick wool. Spilled air is also not a problem. Vicuni adapted to the deficiency of oxygen.
At the Vicinous Long Neck, as elongated, thin legs. You can meet Lam on the heights more than 3.5 thousand meters.
Hyacinth Ara
Pig baker
Inhabits Mexico, Arizona and Texas. In the photo animals of South Americamay differ nuances. Bakers have 11 subspecies. All small, long do not exceed 100, and in the height of 50 centimeters. Weigh bakes up to 25 kilos.
On the neck of the bakers there is a necklace of elongated hair. For this type is given the second name - the collator. Representatives of the population are careful, but the hunters often turn out to be cunning. South American pigs have delicious meat. Actually, getting it, hunters and reduced the number of bakeries.
Animals South America Symbols
The symbol from the world of animals has each country and terrain. States on the continent 12. They are added to the overseas owners of Great Britain and France.
Andean Condor
It is clear from the name that the bird lives in Andes, at an altitude of 5 thousand meters. The animal is large, in length reaches 130 centimeters, and weigh 15 kilograms.
Condor's head is deprived of feathers. It gives the Padaleshka in the bird. However, sometimes, Condor hunts on small birds and stealing other eggs.
Jaguar
Recognized as a national symbol of Argentina, where there is alternative titles. Animals of South America They are referred to as cugaras. Sometimes a predator is called the puma, or a mountain cat.
Most jaguars weigh 100-120 kilograms. The record is considered 158 kilos. Such a beast is able to kill one blow. By the way, this is how the cat's name is translated from Guarani.
Alpaca
Associate with Peru. Upgraded in the mountains, hoofed has a heart, which is 50% more "motor" of other animals similar size. Otherwise, Alpacam does not survive in a sparse air.
Cutters Alpak are constantly growing, as if rats. The process is due to rigid and scant herbs that feed animals in the mountains. The teeth are stepping up, and without them, food does not get.
The teeth Alpak grows throughout life
Pampas Lisitsa
It is recognized as a national symbol of Paraguay. Their names are clear that the beast in pampas, that is, the steppes of South America.
Pampass lisks are monogamous, but lead a single lifestyle. Scientists are perplexed how animals every year during the reproduction period are chosen once a partner. After mating, the beasts again break up to meet in a year.
Pampasski Lisers lead a ascetic lifestyle
Southand deer
This is a chile symbol. The view on a par with a deer, PUD is ranked fading. An animal has a thick body and short legs. In the summer, Southand deer grazed in the mountains, and in the winter descends to the footsteps.
In length, deer reaches 1.5 meters. The height of the animal does not exceed the 90s centimeters. An animal is an endemic of the Andes, without meeting beyond their limits.
Redhead Drozd.
Symbolizes Brazil. From the name of the feathery, it is clear that it has an orange pusico. The back of the bird is gray. In length, the animal is 25 centimeters.
Redhead rods forest animals of South America. Among the trees and their roots of birds are looking for insects, worms and fruits such as Guava, oranges. Bones of fruit Drozd can not digest. As a result, slightly softened grains overlook feces. The latter serve fertilizer. Seeds germinate faster. So contribute to the increase in green arrays.
Goacin
This is a National Bird Guyana. Looks like an animal with a spectacular, shining a hokholk on the head and a bright plumage. But the gastrointestinal smells in terms of most disgusting. The reason for the rotten "aroma" lies in the Pernoya goiter. There Goacin digested food. Therefore, a particularly sharp smell goes from the mouth of an animal.
Most of the ornithologists refer to Goacin to chicken detachment. The minority of scientists allocate the symbol of Guyana to a separate family.
Hologulous Slavar.
It is considered a symbol of Paraguay. The area around the eyes and the poultry throat is naked. Hence the name of the species. Skin throat blue. Bird's plumage is light, males snow-white.
Peel the bird for the published sounds. They generate their males like. The voices of females are less ringing.
Red Food
Associate with Uruguay and Argentina. Bird is large, with a rusty plumage and square tail. The liver Animal is nicknamed thanks to the manner of building the nests. Their complicated design resembles chimney.
The keys of the liver reminds tweezers. They are missing insects. Looking for their bias on Earth, where he spends most of the time.
The bird nicknamed the bird with the ability to build nests resembling the chimney of the furnace
Unusual animals of South America
Many continent animals are not only endemic, but also exotic, amazed with their appearance.
A vampire
This is a bat. She has a smoking face. From under the ridden lip sticks sharp fangs. They pierce the skin of the victims, drinking their blood. However, attacks the mouse only on cattle. People of the bloodstone does not touch.
Vampires as if care about the victims. Mice saliva serves as natural painkillers and contains substances that accelerate blood clotting. Due to this, animals do not feel bites, and the wounds on the bodies of livestock quickly heal.
Tapir
Mentioned in conversations on the topic, what animals live in South Americaand are the most timid. Tapira are indecisive, bugles, externally resemble something average between an elephant and a boar.
Tapiirs make a kind of whistle. What he denotes, the scientists are not led. Animals are poorly studied, because the bugles and are active at night, and not during the day. Of all mammals tapir for the scientific community - the most "dark horses".
Howler
This is a bulbous primacy, refers to the Kapuchin family. Black animal. On the sides hanging reddish "mantle" from long hair. The same grows on the face. But the tip of the tail of the blind is bald. So it's easier to grab the fruits that the monkey feeds.
The length of the tunnels reach 60 centimeters, and about 10 kilograms weigh. The name of the animals is caused by loudly. Drug call signs are audible for several kilometers.
Batonenosets
It is a descendant of gliptodones. They almost looked almost, but 2 tons weighed, and the length was reached 3-meters. Gliptodones lived during dinosaurs. Therefore, armadapors often refer to their peer.
Modern giant battleship reaches 1.5 meters long. Other animal animal, everything except one, inhabit South America. The remaining is found in North.
Common animals of South America
If the frog-scrotum is found only in one of the Lakes of the Continent, and the Vicuni only in the highland of the Andes, then these animals are found in almost every corner of South America. Despite the destruction of rainforest and pollution of ocean waters, some species in them continue to health.
Koat.
Otherwise, it is called the row. An animal refers to the family of raccoon. Caificities meet everywhere, even in the mountains are closed to heights of 2.5-3 thousand meters. Roughs can live in shrub thickets, in the steppes, in the rain forests. In addition to the animal mountains, it is suitable for lowlands, which causes the numerous population.
The noodle animal is nicknamed due to a narrow head with a welded urine. Another animal has powerful, long fingers with claws and an elongated tail. These are fixtures for climbing on trees.
Caificities or nosecha
Capibara
Otherwise, it is called a water-changing. From rodents is the largest on the planet. The animal mass reaches 60 kilos. In length, some individuals are equal to meter. Appearance looks like guinea Ginger.
Water capible is called, as they live rodents in the water. There are many juicy vegetation, which pigs feed. Also, the capibars love to swim, coolant in rivers, swamps, lakes of South America.
Katoy
Otherwise, called a spider monkey. Black animal is slim, with elongated limbs and tail. The paws have a coat of hooks, and the head is tiny. In the movement of the monkey resembles a chain spider.
The length of the coat does not exceed 60 centimeters. The average is 40-ka. The length of the tail is added to them. It is about 10% more than the length of the body.
Fool
This is the smallest on the planet monkey. A dwarf subspecies is equal to 16 centimeters in length. Another 20 centimeters occupies the tail of the animal. It weighs 150 grams.
Despite the dwarfship, the toilets are cleverly jumping between the trees. In the tropics of South America mini monkeys feed on honey, insects, fruit.
Toys the smallest and very cute monkeys
Skat Manta
Reaches 8-meter length and 2-ton weight. Despite the impressive dimensions of the skate, it is not poisonous and not aggressive.
Considering the size of the Manta Shot's brain towards the mass of his body, scientists proclaimed the animal itself smart fish on the ground. The nature of South America is recognized as the richest on the planet. One birds on the continent are 1.5 thousand species. In the rivers of the mainland 2.5 thousand names of fish. More than 160 types of mammals are also a record for one continent.
What plants grow in South America
- cocoa, coffee, potatoes, rice, corn, beans. Many endemics
- In South America, unlike other parts of our planet, there are incredible many representatives of the animal and vegetable worlds. All variety of tropical flora is most brightly represented on the extensive area of \u200b\u200bthe Amazon River basin. It is here that there are almost forty-four thousand species of different plants.
A list of only one of the representatives of the wood flora takes not one tens of pages. These plants of South America are mainly represented by bobustoral. They are decorating rainforest. Among the trees with spectacular blossom, the Caesalpiniyev family is central. The highest representatives of the flora of the floodplain part of the Amazon are mimosov. The trees of this species reach a height of sixty meters. In the forests of South America, tropical plants of mopine and laurel, muscaton and courtyard, as well as lecithidids received widespread.
Brazilian Gevei brings the greatest benefit to the population of the planet. This tree, which belongs to the Rocular Family, gives rubber. The plant has a rather thick trunk. Its dimensions may exceed one meter wide. The height of this tree can reach the mark of thirty meters. Interesting plants There are also in Brazilian areas. The trees belonging to the satellite family also give rubber. First of all, he finds its use in the manufacture of chewing gum. Valuable wood, which is not inferior in its quality to the truly red tree, gives large-scale scrolls.
The plants of South America, especially the amazon growing in the tropical thickets, are brightly represented by a variety of types of Lian. From certain species, the Indians of the local tribes produce poison of Kurara, which is applied to the tips of their arrows.
On the part of the floodplain, which is subjected to flooding, palm trees grow. Many of their types are used as food by the local population.
South America plants are represented by wood-cocoa (or chocolate). This type of flora is tenth of ten meters. Representatives of these trees are most common in the lower reaches of the Amazon River.
Rainforest areas bordered with extensive territories covered with meadows on which high herbaceous plants grow. Basically, they are represented by cereals. During the period of flooding, individual sections of such a meadow can separate from the upper layer of soil and sail in the direction of the flow as floating islands.
South America plants growing on the edge of the floodplain are brightly represented by swamp and water communities. Thanks to the warm and wet climate, they develop here especially magnificently.
Pretty an unusual plant that got the greatest spread on the tropical territory of South America is Kirkazon. This is a genus Lian and herbs. On the stalks of the plant appear unusual large flowers. Thanks to it, Kirkanone is widely used by landscape designers. It can be found in domestic gardens, oranges and parks. From ancient times, its medicinal properties are used. Kirkazon serves as a fitting body. He is able to calm the nervous system and normalize the work of the digestive tract. At the same time, its anti-inflammatory and diuretic function is manifested. The useful substances contained in the root of kirkazone are used to expand the vessels. The tincture of this healing plant helps in maturing and feverish states, cure of gynecological diseases and deliverance from gastric and intestinal disorders. As an outdoor, kirkanosc is used with allergic manifestations, gold and wounds that for a long time Do not heal.
- eucalyptus
- Most of South America is distinguished by the exclusive wealth of flora. This is also connected with the modern natural conditions of the mainland, and with the peculiarities of its development. Tropical Flora South America developed from the end of the Mesozoic era. Its development proceeded continuously so far, not disturbed by an olelion, nor significant fluctuations in climatic conditions, as it took place on other continents.
On the other hand, the formation of the vegetation cover of South America, starting from the tertiary period, occurred in almost complete isolation from other major sushi sections. The main features of Flora South America are associated with this: its antiquity, species wealth and high degree of endemism.
The vegetation cover in South America has changed significantly under the influence of man than on other continents of the globe. The density of the population on the mainland is small, and huge spaces in some of its parts have almost completely unnecessary. Such territories have retained their natural soil and plant cover unchanged.
South America's vegetation is a source of huge natural resources of food, forage, technical, medicinal, etc. But they have been very weak so far so far.
Flora South America gave humanity a number of essential cultivated plants. The first place among them is potatoes, whose culture was known to the Indians long before the coming of Europeans and is widespread in various fields of South America and now. The most common rubber glasses of Gevei, chocolate tree, a chinny tree grown in many tropical areas of the globe occurs from South America.
South America lies within two floristic areas. The main part of the mainland is included in the limits of the neopropic area. As part of its flora there are some elements common with Africa, which indicates the existence of land bonds between the main students up to the tertiary period.
Part of the mainland south of parallel 40 yu. sh. Refers to the Antarctic Floristic Area. There is similarities between the Flora of this part of the mainland and Flora, Australia and New Zealand, which also indicates existence during the geological history of links between these continents.
The overall picture of soil and vegetable zones in the neo-phase region of South America resembles Africa. But the ratio of individual types of vegetation and their species composition on these continents are different. If the main type of vegetation of Africa Savannah, then for the vegetation cover of South America is particularly characterized by wet tropical forests that do not have equal on earth on the wealth of species, nor in the vastity of the territory occupied by them.
Wet tropical forests in latitite apodolien soils are distributed in South America on a huge area. The population of Brazil calls them Selvas. Selvas are occupied by a significant part of the Amazon lowland and the adjacent areas of the Orinocal lowland, the slopes of the Brazilian and Gwiang Nagrai. They are also characteristic of the coastal strip of the Pacific Ocean within Colombia and Ecuador. Thus, wet tropical forests are covered with an equatorial climate area, but, in addition, they grow on the slopes of the Brazilian and Guiangic Nagrain, facing the Atlantic Ocean in higher latitudes where abundant trade houses are going throughout the year.
In the richest rainforest of Amazon lowland, many valuable plants can be found. These forests are characterized by a large height and complexity of a forest canopy. On unlotregnated areas in the forest, there are up to 12 * kosmopark *. * COM * / * Materiki * / * Flora * - * Uzhnoy * - no bl * h
- - Araucaria Chilean (Araucaria Araucana (Molino) C. KOCH), Araucaria family (Araucariaceae) a very large two-walled tree with a height of up to 60 m and a diameter of up to 1.5 m. Leaves are hard, spiny, dark green, spiral-located, keep on Tree up to 40 years old. Brown bumps, spherical, weighing up to 1.6 kg. It has a disjunctive range of two sites. Little is located on the western slope of Coast Cordillera at an altitude of about 700 m above the UR. The sea, and the larger in the Andes, at an altitude of 1600-1800 m. Forms forests, especially on volcanic soils. Seeds are edible, beautiful wood is used in construction. Posted in Annex I Convention CITES.
In Cuba, almost all cacti (Cactus, Cactaceae family) have a local distribution and many are threatened with disappearance, for example, 2 - Matanzanus Le # 972 Melocactus Matanzanus Le # 972; N) and 3 - Melocactus GuitArtii LE # 972; N) . The Red Book of the IUCN made a Robin Ceres, or a tree-shaped cactus (L. Benson) a shrub or a small church of 5-8 m high, bluish-green. Flowers bells, brownish green or brownish-purple. Grows in Cuba and in Florida. In Cuba, almost all habitats are destroyed.
4 - Mikrantocereus Golden-Yellow (Micranthocereus Auri-Azureus), Cactus Family (Cactaceae) - a rare cactus growing in the central part of Baia (Brazil). Baya (its central part) is very rich in small small-scale, but they all need protection. Only in the central part of Bayei grows Melocactus Bahiensis (Br. Et R.) Luetzelb.). It is under threat of extinction, since in places of its growing locals burn grass and low shrub to improve pasture. Melocactus Pruinosus Werderm was already disappeared (Melocactus Pruinosus Werderm) and Melocactus Amethystinus Buining Et Brederoo).
1 - Mahagonya tree, or scratches, or red wood, or real mahagony (Swietenia Mahagoni Jasq.), Family of the Meliacea (Meliaceae) - evergreen tree up to 15 m high. It is valued due to wood with a narrow dirty and white zabol and a red-brown core, a very beautiful texture. During the debt time, plantings were operated, since the wood of this tree was widely used for interior decoration Ships, art carpentry, etc. Pretty wide red tree was distributed in the forests of South and Central America. Currently, some reserves of this species have been preserved in the hard-to-reach of the Andes in Colombia and Ecuador. Significantly reduced due to increased operation of reserves and the other value tree Mahagony large (Swietenia Macrophylla King.).
2 - Caesalpinia Syprumy (Caesalpinia Echinata Lam.), The Caesalpiniy family (Caesalpiniaceae) tree with red valuable wood and twiceful leaves, the flowers are almost correct. Brazil Area, due to valuable wood almost completely cut down.
3 - cocaine bush (Erythroxylon Coca Lam.), Erytroxyl family (Erythroxylaceae) Divorous shrub with regular oblong leaves and small white flowers in the sneakers of the leaves (cocaine leaves are obtained). The natural range was lying in Peru, Bolivia and the Eastern Outlines of the Andes, now in a wild state this plant is not found, but is widely cultivated on O-Whava, Sri Lanka. The family contains 4 kinds and about 200 species common in tropical America.
4 in fig. At the top - Miroxylon Pereira Klotsch.), Fabric family (Fabaceae) Tropical evergreen tree with unpaired leaves and white flowers. It has a very limited range in El Salvador (the plant is destroyed in order to obtain the Peruvian Balzam). Cultivated on O-WAVA and Sri Lanka
- Tropical alternate-wet leafy forests are distributed in the southeast of Brazil and in the south of Paraguay. Wood breeds in them are relatively small height, but often with thick trunks. Forests are widely represented bean
In the south-east of the country, in Brazilian Highlands, the araucaria forests from Brazilian, or Parada, Araucaria (Pinairo, or Brazilian Pine ") extend. With her, Embusy, Tabebuya, Korde, are growing with her, and in the undergrowth Yerbamate - Paraguayan tea is prepared from her leaves. Araucaria forests are involved in intensive operation.
Along the Atlantic coast and at the mouth of the Amazon, mangrove forests are growing, in which Red Mangr with an admixture of Black Mangra (Avicennia Marina) and White Mangra (Conocarpus Erecta) prevail. From the bark of these trees a tannin is mined.
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