Sub-screen climatic belt Africa. Africa climatic belts. Sub-screen climatic belt

Remember:

1. What is climatic belts? What climatic belts are Africa?

2. What types of climate do you know? Which of them do you think are common in Africa?

Climatic belts of the mainland. Thanks to a peculiar geographical position in Africa, climatic belts are also particularly posted. Africa is located in seven climatic belts. Due to the fact that the equator crosses the mainland in half, climatic conditions are mirrored by the equator to the edges of the continent. On the territory of Africa, equatorial, two subequatorial, two tropical belts, the extreme southern and northern part of the mainland are located in subtropical belts.

Find them on the atlas map "Climatic belts and the field of the world".

Most of the territory of Africa is located in the tropical zone, and only the outskirts of the mainland belong to subtropics. Beyond the subtropical zone, Africa does not extend, so it is the hottest of all the continents of the planet. Africa is located within the limits of tropical and subtropical circulation of air masses. Part of the mainland, located in the northern hemisphere, in the area twice as large as in South; This determines the large continentality and arid north climate of North Africa. Continentality is also enhanced due to the proximity of the large mainland array of Eurasia. Aridentia climate is common in deserts and semi-deserts.

Equatorial climatic belt occupies part of the Congo River basin (Zaire) and the Gulf Coast. Equatorial air masses are dominated in the equatorial belt. Here all the time is hot and humid. The annual amplitude of temperature is very insignificant. The daily amplitude of the temperature is significantly big than summer. The relative humidity of the air in this zone is very high (almost 85%). Such a high temperature, as in Sugar, does not happen here, but it continues the exhausting heat, especially heavy due to the large humidity of air, temporary relief gives night coolness.

In the Equatorial zone there is a large cloudiness, frequent fogs. Usually in the morning there can be clear weather. During the day due to the strong heating of the earth's surface, the Equatorial air saturated with moisture rises up. Formed cumulative clouds. After noon, there are shower, which are often accompanied by a strong storm and thunderstorms. After some time, the shower seems to be extinguished by all this fiery storm. Closer in the late afternoon it comes clear weather.

In the Equatorial region of the Western and Eastern Congo, an average of 1000 to 1500 mm of precipitation falls. The total number of days with precipitation is approximately 120. In the mountains of the equatorial belt, the maximum amount of precipitation happens at a height of 2400-2500 m. High temperatures, significant precipitation, high air humidity create favorable conditions for the development of natural and cultural vegetation. Here wet wet multi-tier tropical forests (Fig. 23).

The growing season lasts during the year. In many places, a variety of thermal-loving cultures are growing instead of the cuttered forests, among which significant areas occupy Gevei, bananas, cocoa, coffee tree, etc.

Fig. 23. Tropical African Forests

Fig. 24. Savannah Africa

Sub-screen climatic belts are located near the equatorial belt of the mainland to a latitude of 15-20 °. It clearly traces the alternation of the summer wet and winter dry seasons of the year. Such a change causes the rhythm of air masses, having a seasonal character: in the summer, the wet equatorial air mass reigns here, and in the winter - dry tropical. In the subequatorial belt, wet and hot summer weather are installed with temperatures + 26-28 ° C and absolute humidity up to 20-22 mm, which contributes to intensive growth of vegetation. During the period of the winter tropical (trade in) dry monsoon, it stops vegetation. In the dry period, the Savannah Africa is very reminiscent of the desert: the herbs dry out, the leaves fall from the trees, small rivers dry up, the daily fluctuations of the temperature increase, the average temperature maximum can reach +38 ° C (Fig. 24). Often the sky is tightened with smoky vest from huge herbal fires. At the end of the arid period, thunderstorms are often arising.

Tropical climatic belts occupy large areas and are presented in both continent hemispheres. During the year, continental tropical air masses are dominated here, trade winds blow. They carry dry and hot air. High air and soil temperatures are characterized with a slight amount of precipitation and moisture reserves in the atmosphere. The average monthly air temperature in the summer is more than +30 ° C, and in winter - +20 ° C. The soil in some places warms up to + 80-90 ° C. Annual atmospheric precipitation on average does not exceed 150 mm. In some places, 1-3 mm of precipitation falls, and often 5-10 years have no rain drops. A dry period lasts from 4 to 6 months. In the savanna, the rainy period is reduced from the equator and the amount of precipitation decreases. Above most of the territory in the summer there are powerful ascending flows in the atmosphere, but the clouds are not formed, because the condensation level is very high. Therefore, the deserts were formed here. The greatest deserts of Africa is sugar. It is located in the area of \u200b\u200barid trade winds. A slight amount of precipitation causes low air humidity. The sky is predominantly cloudless, the air is saturated with hot dust, not transparent, so the sky acquires a whitish shade. In the summer there is a very strong wind - Samum, carrying the clouds of sand. During the day and night, high air and soil temperatures predominate. Often there are dust storms.

Fig. 25. Mediterranean Coast of Africa

In South Africa, a tropical desert climate is distributed on a lesser area. Here, the mainland has a small length from the west to the east. On the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, rains fall very rarely. Here is the desert Namib.

In the tropical latitudes of Southeast Africa on the eastern slopes of the Dragon Mountains under the influence of the warm Mozambique of the Indian Ocean, the region of a tropical wet climate was formed.

So, in the tropical belt, Africa has two types of climate: tropical desert and tropical wet.

Subtropical climatic belts are the extreme northern and southern part of Africa stretching from the west to the east in the form of narrow bands. The average summer temperature is +20 ° C, however, it varies noticeably for the seasons. Often, this climatic belt is called the Mediterranean climatic area (characteristic of the Mediterranean coast) (Fig. 25). Summer dry and roast, winter warm, wet, because Western winds during this period bring wet air masses of moderate latitudes from the ocean. In the central areas of North Africa, dry southern winds often arise - sirocco, which bring the tropical mass of air with a large number of continental dust. Here the soil requires an artificial irrigation. In winter, rains fall in both subtropical belts, and sometimes even snow. In the Atlas Mountains in winter lies the snow forms snow cover for 80-100 days. Due to sufficient moisturizing in the mountains, woody vegetation is developing. Part of the precipitation is used for artificial irrigation of agricultural land in the summer on the coasts and in the valleys. Both subtropical belts of Africa are important territories for organizing tourism and recreation.

Practical work 4.

Definition of climate types of Africa climatic diagrams

Analyze climatic charts (Fig. 26, p. 54). Determine the types of climate of Africa they characterize.

Fig. 26. Climatic charts of Africa belts

Questions and tasks

1. In which climatic belts is the mainland of Africa?

2. Determine the features of the Equatorial climatic belt of Africa.

3. Name the main features of the subequatorial belt in Africa.

4. What is the difference between the climate of the tropical belt of North Africa from the climate of the tropical belt of South Africa?

5. What are the characteristic features of the subtropical climatic belt of North Africa?

We work with a map and atlas

Determine by the atlas climatic map, the geographical location of the climatic belts of the mainland of Africa.

Page researcher

Explore why the areas of the trade winds are shifted to the north, then south.

Interesting fact

Aridenia climate is characteristic of tropical and subtropical latitudes of Africa (common in deserts) (Fig. 27). It is characterized by large daily and annual amplitudes of air temperature; Almost complete absence or a small amount of precipitation (100-150 mm per year), moisture evaporates quickly. The rivers flowing through the desert are melting and end with lightweight basins with salted lakes. There are sharp fluctuations in temperature - dense rocks are destroyed and turn into the sand.

Fig. 27. Sahara desert

"Mainland Africa" \u200b\u200b- about 6 c. BC e. The Phoenicians committed long-term marine hikes around Africa. The second stage of the study of Africa is Arab hiking (7-14 centuries). 7. What contribution to the study of Africa is David Levingston? Determine the size of the mainland. Posted by the book "Traveling in Africa". Africa. 15 + 52 \u003d 67 (degrees) 67 x 109.6 \u003d 7343.2 (km).

"Characteristics of Africa" \u200b\u200b- a lesson plan State system and EGP countries of Africa. Lesotho. Population of the continent. The overall characteristics of African countries. Political system. Morocco. The region ranks first in the reserves of most types of mineral raw materials. Economic and geographical position. Swaziland. A significant predominance of young people is associated with a high birth rate.

"Water in Africa" \u200b\u200bis full in summer, due to the rain. The longest river of the world (6671 km). Repeat definitions: the river is ... Further-free in the summer. Fold in summer. Oziro Victoria. Indian Ocean. Complete all year round. N. Gumilyov. The largest of the Indian Ocean Basin Africa rivers. River network. Tangignic depth is 1470 meters.

"The Art of Africa" \u200b\u200bis a modern wooden sculpture of Africa. The art of the peoples of tropical and South Africa. Modern art of the peoples of Africa. The artistic creativity of the peoples of Africa has reached the highest heyday in the sculpture of painting and architecture. Modern African architecture Cape Town city. Modern african sculpture.

"The lesson on the geography of population of Africa" \u200b\u200bis the climate affect the settlement of people, lifestyle, culture? Comparison of cards. Name the reasons for the formation of different natural zones. Traveling in Africa. What climatic belts are Africa? Main areas with high and low population density. Examine the peculiarities of the population of Africa. Get acquainted with the modern political card, improve the ability to work with geographic maps.

"Africa zones" - such huge oscillations during the day are subjected to animals by grave tests. Oasis, tropical desert. Giraffe. Snake. 230SH. Change seasons. Phenox. Namib. Due to the lack of rain, salt from the soil is not washed away. Sub-screen. Hippo. High temperatures. Baobab, Gorilla, camel, Liana. Hide in nonorah.

Total in the subject of 3 presentations

The widest part of Africa is located in the center of the hot illumination belt. All the mainland is solved by the sun all year, gets a huge amount of energy of our shining. The climate of Africa is determined by the geographical position, air circulation, the effect of oceans, the nature of the underlying surface. By combining these basic factors on the mainland, climatic belts (main and transitional) are distinguished: subtropical, tropical, subequatorial and equatorial. In this order they replace in the northern hemisphere from north to south.

Overall characteristics of the climate of Africa

The equator crosses the continent about the center. North - a larger part of the mainland - extends to the Mediterranean Sea in the north and the Arabian Peninsula of Eurasia in the northeast. South of the equator lies a narrow part of Africa, resembling a triangle form. The territory from the equator to the northern tropic gets about 200 kcal / cm2 per year. The average for the total solar radiation on the mainland is 160 kcal / cm2 per year.

The climate of Africa is diverse, heat and moisture are distributed unevenly, especially in the desert regions. The maximum amount of precipitation is obtained by the south-western foot of the Cameroon Volcano - up to 10,000 mm / year. Africa exceeds other continents on temperature indicators, is the hottest of them. The greatest amount of solar heat falls on an array of sushi located between the Northern and South Tropics.

The climate description of Africa will spend on the position of the territories of the continent relative to the equator. This is the main climate-forming factor, on which the heating of the earth's surface depends, and from it - air. An important role belongs to other conditions: circulation of the atmosphere, the nature of the relief, the peculiarities of the underlying surface, the situation relative to other continents, the oceans. Basic and transient types of climate of Africa:

• Equatorial.
• Sub-screen (wet in the south, arid - in the north).
• Tropical desert.
• Subtropical Mediterranean.

Equatorial climate of Africa

In the center of the mainland near parallels 0 ° is formed a hot and humid climate. Equatorial belt covers a territory from 6 ° C. sh. up to 5 ° sh. In the Congo pool in the East, the Gulf Coast comes to 8 ° C. sh. The conditions of this region are determined by the equatorial air masses - hot and wet; Rain go throughout the year. The air in January, July heats up an average of up to +25 ° C, falls out 2000-3000 mm of precipitation per year. Moisturizing coefficient reaches 1.5-2 (excessive).

Evergreen forests

Equatorial climate of Africa creates favorable conditions for heat and moisture-loving plants. The Equatorial region of Africa is covered with dense evergreen forests - hyiley. Animals and people are difficult to be under the canopy of the forest, where it is gloomy and stuffy, the air is saturated with the smells of the proper oat and aroma of orchids.

In recent years, the unclosed natural zone has been intensively mastered in recent years. Forest cutting for the sake of obtaining valuable wood coming to export. Red Tree, Abashi (African Maple) and other breeds are mined.

Sub-screen climatic belt

It occupies the extensive spaces of the mainland from 20 ° sh. up to 17 ° C. sh. In the areas of the subequatorial climate, there are more than 1/3 of the territory of Africa. In the eastern part, the transitional belt is not interrupted by equatorial, in the southern hemisphere - does not reach the Atlantic Ocean.

Characteristics of the climate of Africa in the continent's subexvatorial field:

1. Temperature conditions and moisturizing are determined by the alternate effect of tropical and equatorial air masses. As a result, seasons are formed - wet and dry.
2. In summer, the hot and wet air of equatorial latitudes dominate, the dry tropical air mass comes in winter, it becomes a little cooler.
3. The duration of the season without precipitation ranges from 2 to 10 months. The average annual air temperature is over +20 ° C, precipitation will fall about 1000 mm / year (in the southern belt).
4. The duration of the wet period and the average annual precipitation decreases to the outskirts of the subequatorial belt.
5. There is less in the northern rains, the hot breath of the desert is felt. The hottest period of the year falls at the beginning of the rainy season, when the average monthly temperature exceeds the +30 ° C mark.
6. For cool months of the wet period, the temperature is characterized by about +20 ° C and higher.

Savannah

In addition to the geographical position and atmospheric circulation, the characteristics of the climate of Africa are determined by the characteristic feature of the mainland relief. The edge of the continent is raised; Compared to the inner areas, they are located above sea level.

Mountain chains and arrays in the north, east and southeast limit the influence of the Indian and Atlantic Oceans on the climate of the Zone Savannan, stretching within the subequatorial belt. Features of the flora and fauna in this part of the continent are determined by alternating the wet and dry season, lack of moisture to form full-fledged forests, full-flower beds.

Tropical belt

Features of the climate of Africa in the area of \u200b\u200bthe North and South Tropics - the domination of hot and dry air masses. Areas with a arid tropical climate, a significant daily amplitude of temperatures extend in the north and south of the mainland to 30 parallels. The considerable territory of the continent is experiencing an arid tropical climate. In this belt, the highest average monthly indicators: + 35 ... 40 ° C.

The Array of North Africa receives a lot of solar radiation and extremely little moisture. The air temperature is rarely lowered below 20 ° C. On the mountain peaks in the tropics is snow, the foot spread deserted and semi-desert areas. The most extensive lifeless areas: in the north - sugar, in the south - Namib.

Desert and semi-deserts

In Sahara there are areas where temperature minima and maxima (-3 and +58 ° C) were recorded. The temperature in the afternoon on the hot sand and stones reaches + 60 ... 70 ° C, at night can drop to +10 ° C. Daily temperature fluctuations reaches 50 ° C.

The precipitation in the deserts of Africa falls from 0 to 100 mm / year, which is extremely small. The rains sometimes do not reach the surface of the Earth - dry in the air. Moisturizing meager, Kuvle. \u003d 0.1-0.3. The life of the population of the desert is concentrated in oases - places of groundwater output. Developed agriculture, cattle breeding, tourist service.

Subtropics of Africa

The extreme south and the narrow band of the north coast are busy areas of subtropical climate. This is a transitional belt, the features of which are determined by the properties of the air masses of moderate and tropical latitudes. For subtropical climate, dry and rainy seasons are characterized, significant moisture flow, which contributes to the development of agriculture. The maximum number of rains of the North-Western and southwestern regions of the African continent falls on the winter months, in the south-east of the rainy season - summer.

Subtropics of Africa and other areas of the mainland attract numerous tourists. On the coast of the Mediterranean and Red Seas, the Indian and Atlantic Oceans are world famous resorts. The main direction of the development of tourism and types of rest in North Africa is a beach, excursion. In Savannah - Safari, Jeeping. Less visited areas are impassable wet forests and uncomplicated desert areas.

What climate in Africa is currently in the past? The answer to this question lies in the rivers of dry rivers (Wadi), the ruins of the once flourishing cities brought by the sands of the Sahara. The aridization of the climate of Africa, the deserts occur in the north and in the south. The striking contrast to this phenomenon serve floods when rivers come out from the shores and pour coastal territories. Scientists assume that catastrophic natural processes can be associated with intensive cutting of wood plantations, the ubiquitous construction of cities, roads, the development of agriculture and cattle breeding.

Africa

Tectonic structure

Monocentric mainland. Its an ancient structural core is the Precambrian Platform of Gondvian origin. The structure of the African platform is distinguished by a number of features:

Different election of crystalline base;

Different degree of floor overlap with a sedimentary case (in the northern and southern parts).

The North African part of the platform is called the Mediterranean region, where the crystalline base is less raised, but on a large area overlapped with a sedimentary case.

South and East Africa (so-called Gondvian region) in a tectonic attitude - a shield, where the crystalline base is more raised and large on the area of \u200b\u200bthe territories goes to the surface.

Complex brand alternation and syneclize.

Large shields within the continent are Ahaggar (Regibat Shield), Tibesti (Nubian Shield), Central African Shield, Leon-Liberian Shield, Abyssinian Shield, East African Shield, South Guinea Shield.

Among the syneclides are allocated: Senegambian, Tuuda, Chad, Kufra, Congo, Okvango, Calahari, Carr.

Supplement the African platform 2 small folded areas: North-Western Straights of the mainland - the region of Caledonozoic folding - Atlas. In the south of the mainland - the region of the Hercino folding - the Caps of Mountains.

The eastern part of the African platform was activated by the latest tectonic movements and is essentially an epiplatform movable belt.

Relief

The mainland relief is characterized by a number of features:

Its medium height (second place after Antarctica)

According to the prevailing heights, the northern part of the mainland is distinguished on the one side, on the other - South and East. In the northern part of the mainland, the prevailing heights of about 500 m - so-called Low Africa. In the southern and eastern parts - about 1000 m are prevailing the heights - High Africa. The border between low and high in Africa is carried out along the Luanda line - port of Massawa.

Significant predominance of plains, which is associated with the platform structure of the main part of the mainland

Permanent alternation of elevated and lowered areas that correspond to shields and platform syclifiers. Among the elevated areas - plateau, platea, hill, small arrays, among the lowered areas are the basins, depressions. From shields to syncizes, a regular change of relief types is passed. Shields correspond to base plateau, platea, arrays, edge zones of shields and wings of syneclide - slightly narrow denudation-accumulative plateau, axial parts of syneclide - accumulative plains.

Significant originality is the relief of East Africa. Its development is due to complex processes occurring in the largest mainland zone of continental faults.

The relief in different parts of Africa has its own characteristics.

North Africaincludes Atlas Mountains, Sahara and Sudan.

Atlas Mountains - High mountains, young, folded in the northern part and fold-bang in South. Have a complex orographic plan. 2 main lines of the ridges are distinguished: North and South, between which there is a difficult arranged inner zone. In the West, this inner zone begins a plateau of Moroccan resellers, continues with high ridges (average atlas, high atlas), and then replaced with extended high plateates.

Sahara. The main part of the territory is occupied by a plateau with altitudes about 500-600 m. The plateau alternate with nearby Vpadin and Kotlovin. Significant crystalline arrays (Ahaggar, Tibst) are raised by places over the surface of the plateau. Lowful plains stretch along the coast.

Sudan. The relief varies significantly when moving from west to east as syneclide is shifted with anti-cycle and shields. The outlet position in the West occupies Senegambian lowland. It is located low raising, which separate it from the middle niger's depressions. For her noticeable raising will be the AIR Plateau and the Jos Massif. Next to the East lies in the lake of the lake Chad, behind which the Plateau Darfur and Kordofan are located. The outfit position in the east is occupied by the White Nile.

Central and West Africa Includes Congo's depression and its surrounding raising, as well as the North-Guinean elevation.

Wpadina Congo It corresponds to large sync, and from all sides is surrounded by raised sections of crystalline base. These sites correspond to plateau, platea, arrays, hills. To the north of the depression lies a major raising a sub-lifting stretch - Azande. To the north-west of the depressions are Mount ADAMAVA. In the West, it borders the South Guinea elevation. South-west lies an array of bi. From the south, the Lunda-Shaba raising is abolished. In the East, Mount Mountains Mountains is in the east.

North-Guinea elevation. The relief is complicated, which is associated with alternating small shields and syneclide. The largest lift is the Leono-Liberian array located in the west. In the central part, a noticeable raising is the mountains of that-atakra. These mountains share the plains corresponding to syncylizes - the areas of the lower course of niger and volts.

East Africa includes Ethiopian Highlands, Somalia Plateau and East African Plateau.

Ethiopian Highlands is a highly elevated array. Significant areas on it occupy lava plateau, they are interrupted by mountain ranges in some cases, in some cases young high volcanic cones carry themselves, there are strongly destroyed - ambas.

East African Plateau. The relief differ 2 outlined zones and one internal. In the western zone, the Central African Fault Area is held. The relief is characterized by the alternation of Kotlovin - Grabenov, often busy lakes, and those surrounding these hits (mainly it is a muffin mountain - Mitumba, Ruvenzori, Blue Mountains). The main part of the inner zone is occupied by high plateau (lake, Ulyamweise, Serengeti). In the eastern zone there is a second fault line - East African Rift. The chain of high volcanoes - Kilimanjaro, Kenya, Mavruz is risen on this robine.

South Africa includes Kapsky Mountains, Madagascar, South African Plateau.

South African Plateau. The structure of it resembles the structure of the depressions of the Congo and the bounding raises. The inner position is occupied by 2 depressions - Calahari and Okavango. It is surrounded by raising from all sides: in the north - Lunda-Katanya, on the S-Z - Bie, in the West - Damaraland, in the south - the Kapsky Mountains, in the south-east - the Dragons of the Mountains, in the northeast - Plateau Matabel. The edge raises are cool to coastal lowlands. This cliff is called the name of the Great Lessa (Rodger's ledger). His height is most significant in the dragon mountains.

Climate

The climatic conditions of the mainland are distinguished by a number of features:

1. Constantly high temperatures practically throughout the mainland.

2. Large territorial differences in moisture, and the main part of the mainland territory is occupied by constantly arid or seasonally arid areas.

3. The zonal nature of precipitation distribution.

4. Relatively small amount of climate types

5. The repeatability of the main types of climate in the northern and southern parts of the mainland.

Climate formation factors

1. Features of the latitudinal position. The bulk of the mainland is located within the hot heat belt and lies in equatorial, sub-screen and tropical latitudes.

2. Symmetric position relative to the equator - hence the repeatability of climate types.

3. Baric situation and circulation of air masses. 3 sustainable barical areas are formed above the mainland: a low pressure equatorial plain and a 2 tropical subtropical maximum. Seasonally the situation of these baric systems is changing - they move to the north (in the summer of the northern hemisphere), then to the south (summer of the southern hemisphere). Therefore, in the subequatorial latitudes there is a change of the baric situation. Outside the oceans, several baric systems are formed, which affect the climatic conditions of the mainland. Among them are the Indian maximum. Its interaction with an equatorial hidden forms Yu-in Passat, whose influence is great on the eastern outskirts of South Africa. The South Atlantic maximum interacts with the area of \u200b\u200blow pressure on the northern outskirts of the Gulf of Guinea and causes the appearance of U-Z winds that dominate the North Guinean coast. The same area gives the spur of high pressure on the Atlantic Coast of South Africa - Namib Desert. Azores Maximum - the influence of its great summer. It gives the spur of high pressure covering almost all the Mediterranean. In the interaction of this sput from the equatorial hidden low pressure, there are C-ingot.

Basic wind systems over Africa: c-in Passat - In the tropics of the northern hemisphere, the whole year dominate, and seasonally in the winter of the northern hemisphere falls into the subequatorial belt; yu-in Passat dominate the eastern outskirts of the mainland only in the winter season, yu-z winds on the north-Guinean coast; equatorial monsoons In the summer period in the sub-screen latitudes of North Africa (Sudan).

4. Types of dominant air masses: Tropical continental VM seasonally descend into subequatorial latitudes. Equatorial VM - Congo Congo, in the summer rise in subequatorial latitudes. Sea tropical VM dominate the eastern outskirts of the mainland. Moderate marine VM dominates on the northern and southern outskirts of the continent in winter.

5. Relief. The flatness of the relief is one of the prerequisites of the zonal distribution of precipitation. In a number of areas, relief is an important factor that increases the amount of precipitation (Debounda - the southern slopes of the Highland Cameroon - up to 10,000mm). The relief may be the cause of the aridness of some territories (Somalia Plateau - South-Western Equatorial Monspi delayed by Ethiopian Highlands).

6. The configuration of the mainland. The presence of two different arrays: northern very large and southern - significantly less area (the degree of continentality of the climate)

7. flows. The Mozambique flow is inlated by Yu-in Passat, the Bengelege flow is one of the reasons for the existence of the coastal desert Namib. Somali cold flow makes a small contribution to the dryness of the peninsula.

Climatic belts and fields of Africa

The mainland is located in 7 climatic belts, 6 of which are paired (present in northern and in the southern hemisphere).

Equatorial belt

It takes about 8% of the mainland territory. Includes 2 territories: the Congo Basin and the Northern Coast of the Guinean Bay. Temperatures are constantly high. In the depression of the Congo, a significant amount of convective precipitation falls (2000-2500 mm), on the northern coast of the Gulf of Guinea Gulf significantly the number of circulating and orographic precipitation. The pressure is constantly reduced, very high air humidity is characteristic.

Subscance belts

The northern subequatorial belt captures Sudan, the South-Water Separation of Congo and Zambezi. Almost all East Africa is also located in this belt. The climate is characterized by a seasonal change of atmospheric pressure, such as dominant air masses, wind directions. In the summer, the pressure is low, the equatorial air masses dominate, the pressure is growing in winter, the tropical continental air dominates. Temperatures are constantly high, seasonal differences are not careful. The highest temperatures are reached before the onset of the rainy season.

By moisturizing, the climate can be determined as a seasonally arid (variable wet). There is a significant number of summer sediments, the winter is practically absent. As the duration of the wet period is removed from the equator, the total number of drop-down precipitation decreases.

Tropical belts

In North Africa, the Sahara is captured, in South Africa - the Mozambique coast, Calahari, Namib.

3 types of climate stands out: tropical dry desert climate

wet tropical climate

climate of tropical coastal deserts.

Main areas occupy the areas of tropical continental climate (sugar, Kalahari). Constantly high temperatures are characterized with some decline in the winter season (+ 30º and + 20º, respectively), an extremely small amount of precipitation, significant air dryness, frequent strong winds.

The area of \u200b\u200bthe tropical wet climate is represented on the eastern outskirts of South Africa, where the south-eastern trade winds from the Indian Ocean brings a significant amount of moisture (1000-1500 mm).

The area of \u200b\u200bthe tropical climate of the coastal desert captures the Namib desert. A small decrease in summer temperatures, leveled annual temperature course (the effect of cold flow), an extremely small amount of precipitation (50-80 mm) is characterized. Pretty high air humidity, in winter, fog and dew.

Subtropical belts

Include the north and southern outskirts of the mainland. 2 climatic regions are distinguished: the region of the Mediterranean climate and the area of \u200b\u200bthe humid subtropical climate.

The Mediterranean climate is characteristic of the whole northern outskirts and a very small territory in the extreme south-west of the mainland. The climate is characterized by noticeable seasonal temperature fluctuations (summer roast and moderately roast + 22 ... 25º, Warm warm + 8 ... 10º). By moisturizing, the climate is seasonally dry: cyclonic sediments fall in winter, in summer, with an anticyclonal weather mode, it is sufficient.

The area of \u200b\u200bsubtropical wet climate captures a small territory in the extreme south of the mainland. There is a significant amount of precipitation. At the same time in the summer and winter they have different origins. In the summer of moisture bring oriental winds from the Indian Ocean, cyclonic precipitation falls in winter.

In which climatic belts are Africa and received the best answer

Answer from Elizabet [Guru]
Climatic belts of Africa

Equatorial climate belt is almost entirely surrounded by a belt of a subetervatorial climate (climate of equatorial monsoons), covering Sudan, Eastern Africa and the northern part of South Africa to the Zambezi River. Abyssinian Nagari and high vertices of East Africa located in this climate and high vertices are characterized by a clearly pronounced vertical climatic explanancy (up to winter-nivalny in Abyssinian Highlands and constantly napleen on Kilimanjaro, Kenya, Ruvenzori, etc.). Abyssinian Highlands is different, moreover, a sharp exposition difference in the climate of the Western and Eastern slopes.

The northern and southern borders of the subequatorial climate are determined by summer (for each subcontinent) the position of the tropical front. During the year, summer wet and winter dry seasons alternate here, and temperature fluctuate the temperature due to the change of wet and hot equatorial air (summer) and dry and very hot continental tropical air (winter). This type of climate covers about 1/3 (almost 10 million km2) Square of Africa. The alternating rains and winter drought are expressed on African mainland even more clearly than in India, therefore Africa with a great basis than India may be called a country of classical equatorial monsoon.

The belt of a tropical (trade in) climate is located in both parts of the mainland to the south and north of the equator, between the winter position of the polar front and the summer position of the tropical front. The deserts occupy a total of almost half of the area of \u200b\u200bthe mainland, and on this basis, Africa is fairly called the classical region of desert development. For this climate, it is characterized by the constant domination of continental tropical air, a large dryness of air and high, especially summer, temperature.

The largest desert area is in the northern part of the mainland, where the greatest Sugar desert is lies in the world.

In the southern part of Africa, the desert landscapes are limited to the south-western district of Kalahari and a narrow coastline, where, by analogy with the pests of the Sahara, the climate of the trade in the peopic canoe is distinguished with the predominance of sea tropical air (in the descending currents of the eastern periphery of the ocean pressure maximum).

In the rest of the tropical belt of South Africa, in the continental sector (between zambezi and orange), a climate arid to semi-desert, with summer precipitation of thermal convection. Along the east coast in the tropical climate, the climate, trade house, with the summer maximum of precipitation.

The extreme north and south of the mainland lie in the belts of the subtropical climate with the seasonal change of air masses (in summer, sea tropical air, in the winter - the world of moderate latitudes) Atlas Mountains, the coast of Libya and the Oar and the south-western outskirts of South Africa have a Mediterranean variety of this climate with Winter cyclonic sediments, on the southeastern outskirts of South Africa - monsoon subtropics with summer maximum precipitation.

Answer from Luda[active]
equatorial, subequatorial, tropical and subtropical

Answer from Human.[newcomer]
(Equatorial, subequatorial, tropical, subtropical)

Answer from Bhana[active]
belt with a robe!