Every person who has country cottage area, a country house or a private house within the city, dreams to the maximum short time green it. However, the greening process often takes more than one year and you have to wait for a long time until the young seedlings grow into full-fledged trees. Fast-growing trees and shrubs will come to the rescue of impatient gardeners, which can be easily and simply found in the nearest woodland and in specialized centers or nurseries.
Fast growing trees
Having given preference to fast-growing plants, you can easily grow a real garden and park complex for several seasons. Some of the varieties of fast-growing trees grow several tens of centimeters in height in one season. However, in order for the plant to start growing rapidly, it must settle in a new place. As a rule, the habituation process takes one year after planting, after which the planted seedlings begin to delight gardeners with a "cosmic" growth rate.
Selecting fast-growing trees and shrubs follows from taking into account the size of the land plot and goals. In the case when the household allotment is small, it is enough to plant 3-4 tree seedlings, and plant the remaining space with shrubs. Lilac is a traditional decoration of any garden and dacha in Russia. Lilac bushes grow quickly, differ in unpretentiousness and variety of varieties. And during the flowering period, they delight the eye with a variety of inflorescences and shapes, fill the air with a sweet, delicate fragrance.
Fast growing trees in the park
Fast-growing trees are striking in their diversity. For example, the common white acacia will become a genuine decorative adornment of any site. White acacia, unlike other types of fast-growing trees, begins to grow intensively from the first year of planting. Acacia grows up to a meter in height during the year. Intensive growth in acacia is noted only in the first 10 - 12 years, after which the growth rate slows down noticeably. But even this period is quite enough for the tree to elongate. In addition, the white acacia has a lush crown and exuberant color. Experts - gardeners recommend planting acacia seedlings with a "bouquet". To do this, it is necessary to plant 3-5 acacia seedlings in one hole. This simple approach allows you to increase the decorative effect of white acacia. Acacia seedlings must be selected locally, since selective seedlings from other countries are often unable to withstand frost in climatic conditions middle lane Russia.
However, not all fast-growing trees are suitable for landscaping a backyard. For example, the silver maple is able to crush all the plants on the site with its growth in a very short time and turn it into a maple grove. Poplar during flowering gives off great amount poplar fluff, which has an extremely negative effect on the health of people, especially those prone to allergies. But this is solely a matter of preferences and goals of landscaping.
Willows, which stand out for their unpretentiousness and decorativeness, are an excellent option for creating green architecture for a backyard allotment. It is popular in green design to use the following types: goat willow, breaking and white willow, as well as various subspecies. But most effectively on garden plot weeping willows look, especially if they are planted near a pond. Weeping willows for several seasons they easily form a dense crown.
Fast growing trees in the garden
The red oak looks very harmonious on the backyard allotment, which, in addition to rapid growth, has another advantage: it can be planted formed and strengthened, approximately in a period of 7-10 years. In addition to this, red oak carries tremendous energy and adds tradition and pomp to the landscape gardening.
Conifers of fast-growing trees in Russia also delight gardeners with their diversity. One of the most common and unpretentious types of fast-growing coniferous trees is the monochromatic fir. As a rule, fir is used for the purpose of decorative landscaping in landscape design. Young trees are distinguished by a sharply delineated conical crown shape. The older the fir, the wider the crown becomes, acquiring strict, conical outlines, and the branches lean towards the ground. The crown of an adult single-colored fir in girth can reach 9 meters, and in height 25 - 40 meters, turning an adult plant into a real giant. The single-color fir is distinguished by its soft and non-prickly needles of a light green color. The choice of fast-growing trees for the backyard is quite wide, but poplar, eucalyptus, birch and maple trees are especially fond of gardeners.
Nuances and important points of choosing fast-growing plants and shrubs
However, when choosing fast-growing plants and shrubs for practical and aesthetic purposes, one should take into account the parameters of deciduous, fruit and coniferous plantings, namely: width and length. An impartial sign of growth is the rate of annual increase in the volume of the trunk and young shoots in the period from 10 to 30 years.
According to this indicator, fast-growing trees and shrubs are usually grouped as follows:
- Extremely fast growing trees - annual growth rate from 2 meters.
Trees of this type include: birch, white willow, pyramidal poplar, aspen, white acacia, timaris and others. Representatives of this type of shrubs are: yellow acacia, amphora, red and black elderberry, garden jasmine or wild rose, crenate action, forsythia, tamarix, mountain ash lilac, etc.
- Fast growing trees and shrubs - annual growth rate up to 2 meters.
Deciduous trees- larch, elm, pine, common spruce, plane tree, common ash, bird cherry, common and Weymouth pine, European euonymus. Fruit trees - black and walnut, mulberry, common viburnum. Shrubs - Tatar honeysuckle, narrow-leaved sucker, Tatar maple, broom and common currant.
- Discreetly growing trees and shrubs - the annual growth rate is from 0.5 to 1 meter.
Moderately growing trees include: maple, virginian juniper, western thuja, quince, bubblegum, hornbeam, common linden, pedunculate oak. Moderately growing conifers include: Siberian and Caucasian fir, Engelman's spruce and thorny western thistle, Virginia juniper. Shrubs of this type include: lilac, Japanese quince, ptelia and scumpia.
- Slowly growing trees and shrubs - the annual growth rate is from 0.25 to 0.5 meters.
Bright representatives of slowly growing fruit trees, are: forest pear, apple trees, common hawthorn, magnolia, cork oak and sea buckthorn. Among the conifers of this type, it should be noted: cedar and eastern thuja. Shrubs include: common hawthorn, sea buckthorn, dogwood, common juniper and mahonia.
- Extremely slow growing trees and shrubs - the annual growth rate is up to 0.25 meters.
Trees include: evergreen boxwood, berry yew and Japanese euonymus. Among the shrubs, there are: cotoneaster and Potentilla.
For the purpose of organic gardening of the personal plot, not only fast-growing trees, but also shrubs should be used. Fast-growing shrubs in landscape design perform not only a decorative function, but also an economic one, acting as a hedge. Such unpretentious fast-growing shrubs, such as wild rose, turf and spirea, will not only take root and grow rapidly in almost any climatic conditions, but also hide from prying prying eyes. A few simple tricks will help you quickly grow a decorative hedge. To do this, it is necessary to plant fast-growing shrubs in a "bunch", 3-6 seedlings per hole and cut annually, forming the required shape and height.
Which seedling to choose for your garden?
Sometimes, in pursuit of quick landscaping, amateur gardeners plant more bushes and trees than necessary. Young, heaped plantings in this case create the effect of quick landscaping, but in the process of growing up and growing, the plants begin to interfere with each other and some, weaker ones, may die. To avoid this in the process of growing fast-growing trees and shrubs, they must be planted for proper formation, giving the necessary space.
Fast growing trees - choice
When buying young seedlings of fast-growing trees and shrubs, you should pay attention to the condition of the plant and the amount of time spent in the store. After all, the longer the plant has been outside the garden conditions, the longer it will have to adapt and gain strength for rapid growth. Many plants during this period may die without getting used to a new place of residence. Therefore, experienced gardeners recommend purchasing fast-growing trees and shrubs in specialized stores and nurseries with a good reputation, which are not only responsible for the condition of the plants, but also provide the necessary recommendations for planting and caring for plants.
There are many techniques for creating a picturesque landscape design on a personal plot. One of them is a hedge of fast-growing trees and shrubs. A hedge has a number of advantages, since it performs not only a decorative function, but also an economic one. Thanks to the variety and unpretentiousness of fast-growing trees and shrubs, you can easily create a hedge in the style of a French courtyard, which will bring a touch of elite and sophistication to any household plot.
The simplicity and ease of planting and caring for decorative fast-growing trees and shrubs makes it possible even for amateur gardeners to plant a hedge on their own to their liking, without resorting to the services of landscape design professionals. The practicality and aesthetics of a hedge allows not only to hide from prying eyes of curious neighbors and passers-by, but also to create various arched decorative elements, to fence off areas, for example, for playing tennis, to mask outbuildings.
Landscaping of a summer cottage or a country house is quite possible on your own, moreover, it is not only simple, but also beautiful and practical. If the owners of landscaping want to change the stylistic solution of the hedge, this is easily done by pruning, replanting or planting new fast-growing trees and shrubs. The main thing is not to overdo it in an effort to green everything around and quickly. Another indisputable plus of landscaping a personal plot with fast-growing trees and shrubs is that they create an atmosphere of naturalness and unity with nature, which is so necessary for a person in the world of progressive technologies and a frantic pace of life.
Russia's wide areas of natural vegetation and soils are closely related to the country's climatic zones. In the far north, where the summer is cold, and the soil is poor in nutrients, mosses, lichens and low-growing shrubs prevail. The soil freezes to a great depth and only the surface layer thaws in the summer allowing the plants to grow. Forests cover about 45 percent of Russia's territory, mostly in Siberia. The total area of all forests is about 25 percent of. The forest zone of Russia can be divided into a large northern part - coniferous, or taiga, and a much smaller southern region - coniferous-deciduous forests.
Boreal forests
Taiga is located south of the tundra and occupies 40 percent of the European part of the country, and also covers large territories of Siberia and Of the Far East Russia. Most of this region reigns supreme. Although the taiga area is predominantly coniferous, in some areas small-leaved trees such as birch, poplar, aspen and willow add variety. In the extreme northwest of the European part of Russia, pine dominates in the taiga, although fir, birch and other trees are often found.
To the east, up to the Western slope of the Urals, pine still grows, but fir predominates, and in some areas there are practically pure birch forests. The West Siberian Plain consists mainly of various types of pine, while birch dominates along the southern edge of the forest. Throughout most of the Central Siberian plateau and the mountains of the Far Eastern region, the main forest-forming species is larch. The trees in the taiga zone are usually small and widely scattered. In some areas where the soil is scarce in nutrients, there are no trees at all, and only marsh grasses and bushes form the vegetation cover.
Mixed forests
Zone mixed forests in the central part of the East European Plain from St. Petersburg in the north to the border with Ukraine in the south, it is characterized by the presence of both coniferous and deciduous trees. Evergreen conifers predominate in the north, while deciduous trees are prevalent in the south. Major broadleaf species include oak, beech, maple and hornbeam.
A similar forest cover prevails in the southern part of the Russian Far East, along the middle Amur river valley and southward along the Ussuri river valley. The basis of the soil cover of the mixed forest zone is made up of gray-brown forest soils... They are not as sterile as the soils of the Taiga, and with proper agricultural cultivation, they can be very productive. In the south, a narrow forest-steppe zone separates the mixed forest from the steppes.
Forest-steppe and steppe
Although at present a significant area of the forest-steppe is plowed up, it has natural meadow vegetation with scattered groves of trees. On average, about 150 km wide, this zone extends eastward through the valleys of the middle Volga and South Urals in southern parts West Siberian Plain. Separate areas of the forest-steppe are also found in the southern intermontane basins. Eastern Siberia... A mixture of grasses with a few trees interspersed in the sheltered valleys is the natural vegetation of the Russian steppe - a large area that includes western half North Caucasian plain and land belt, stretching eastward through the southern Volga valley, southern Urals and western Siberia. As in the case of the forest-steppe zone, practically all the steppes of the country are cultivated.
List of plants of Russia
Below is a list of some trees, shrubs, herbs with descriptions and photos that characterize vegetable world Russia.
Fluffy birch
Downy birch is a deciduous tree species found throughout northern Europe and northern Asia, growing farther north than any other broadleaf tree on the planet. Often confused with a related species - drooping birch, but downy birch prefers wetter areas, grows well on heavy and poorly drained soils; young trees are also easily confused with dwarf birch.
Common hornbeam
Common hornbeam, also known as European or Caucasian hornbeam, native to Western and Central Asia as well as Eastern and Southern Europe kind of deciduous trees. Prefers warm climate, and is found only at an altitude of 600 meters above sea level. Grows in mixed forests together with oak, and in some areas with beech.
English oak
A tree from the beech family, widespread in the European part of Russia. Is the dominant tree species in southern regions forest and forest-steppe zones. It is a large deciduous tree reaching 40 meters in height and 4-12 meters in circumference of the trunk.
Siberian spruce
Siberian spruce is a coniferous tree, a species of spruce native to Siberia, growing from the Ural Mountains east to the Magadan region, as well as from the Arctic forest line to Altai mountains in the northwest of Mongolia.
White willow
White willow is a species of willow found in Europe, Western and Central Asia. The name comes from the white underside of the leaves. These are medium to large deciduous trees, growing up to 10-30 meters in height, with a trunk diameter of about 1 meter. The bark is gray-brown, deeply fissured in old trees.
Field maple
Native to much of Europe, the British Isles, Southwest Asia (Turkey to the Caucasus), and North Africa(in the Atlas Mountains) a species of trees from the sapindae family. They are also successfully cultivated outside their natural range in the United States and Western Australia in areas with a suitable climate. In Russia, it is most common in the middle zone of the European part of the country.
It is a deciduous tree, reaching 15-25 meters in height, with a trunk up to 1 meter in diameter and finely cracked, thin bark.
Siberian larch
Siberian larch is a frost-resistant coniferous tree growing in the western part of Russia, from the Finnish border to the east to the Yenisei valley in the central part of Siberia, where it hybridizes with Gmelin larch; the hybrid is known as Chekanovsky Larch.
Siberian larch reaches 20-50 meters in height, with a trunk up to 1 meter in diameter. The crown is conical in young trees, and takes on an oval-rounded shape as it grows.
Common juniper
Common juniper is a species of coniferous tree with the largest geographical range among woody plants with circumpolar distribution throughout subarctic belt, from the Arctic south to 30 ° north latitude in North America, Europe and Asia. Relic populations can be found in the Atlas Mountains of Africa. On the territory of Russia, they are found in the forests and forest-steppe of the European part of the country, as well as in the western and less often eastern regions of Siberia.
Common juniper is a small evergreen tree or shrub of very variable shape and up to 16 meters high.
Alder gray
Gray alder is a species of the genus of alder with a wide range in the colder regions of the northern hemisphere.
Trees range in size from small to medium, with maximum height about 15-20 meters, smooth gray bark (even in older specimens), and a life expectancy of no more than 60-100 years.
Aspen
Aspen is a deciduous tree species common in temperate and cool regions of Europe and Asia, from Iceland and the British Isles east to Kamchatka, in the north within the Arctic Circle in Scandinavia and Russia, southern and central Spain, Turkey, Tien Shan, North Korea and Northern Japan.
It is a tall deciduous tree that grows up to 40 meters in height, with a trunk diameter of over 1 meter. The bark is pale greenish-gray, smooth on young trees with dark gray rhomboid lenticels, turns dark gray and fissured on older trees.
Siberian cedar pine
Siberian cedar pine is a type of pine that grows in Siberia from 58 ° east longitude in the Urals to 126 ° east longitude in the south of the Sakha Republic, as well as from 68 ° north latitude in the lower Yenisei valley south to 45 ° north latitude in the central part of Mongolia.
In the north of its range, it grows at low altitudes, usually 100-200 meters, while closer to the south, it occurs at an altitude of 1000-2400 meters above sea level. Siberian cedar pine is a slow-growing tree with a maximum height of 30-40 meters and a trunk diameter of about 1.5 meters. Life expectancy is 800-850 years.
Siberian fir
Siberian fir is an evergreen coniferous tree growing in the taiga east of the Volga River and south of 67 ° 40 "north latitude in Siberia, through Turkestan, northeastern Xinjiang, Mongolia and Heilongjiang.
Prefers a cold climate, moist soils in mountains or river basins at an altitude of 1900-2400 meters above sea level. Siberian fir is a very shade-tolerant frost-resistant tree that grows at temperatures down to -50 ° C. It rarely lives more than 200 years due to its susceptibility to woody fungus.
Mountain ash
Rowan is a woody or shrub plant from the pink family. The range stretches from Madeira and Iceland to Russia and North China.
Rowan is found in the form of a tree or shrub that grows from 5 to 15 meters in height. The crown is rounded or irregular shape, and the trunk is thin and cylindrical up to 40 cm in diameter.
Common barberry
This deciduous shrub can grow up to 4 meters in height. Leaves are small, oval, 2-5 cm long and 1-2 cm wide, with a jagged edge; they grow in bunches of 2 to 5 leaves. The flowers are yellow, 4-6 mm in diameter, blooming on a brush length in late spring. Oblong red berries, 7-10 mm long and 3-5 mm wide, ripen in late summer or autumn; they are edible but very acidic and rich in vitamin C.
Marsh wild rosemary
Low shrub about 50 cm (rarely up to 120 cm) in height with evergreen leaves 12-50 mm long and 2-12 mm wide. The flowers are small, with a five-lobed white corolla, and emit a strong odor to attract bees and other pollinating insects. It has a wide geographical range in Russia, which covers the tundra, forest zone, Siberia and the Far East.
Common lilac
Common lilac is a flowering shrub plant from the Olive family, native to the Balkan Peninsula, where it grows in the wild on rocky hills. The species is widely cultivated as ornamental plant and was naturalized in other regions of Europe (including Russia, Great Britain, France, Germany, and Italy), as well as most of North America.
It is a large deciduous shrub or small multi-stemmed tree that grows up to 6-7 meters, producing secondary shoots from the base or root system, which can grow into a small colonial thicket over the course of decades. The bark is gray or gray-brown, smooth on young stems, and furrowed longitudinally on older stems. Leaves are simple, 4-12 cm long and 3-8 cm wide, light green to gray, oval to heart-shaped, with pinnate venation and pointed top. Flowers typically range from lilac to mauve, sometimes white. The fruit is a dry, smooth, brown capsule, 1-2 cm long, split into two parts to release the seeds.
Viburnum ordinary
Viburnum vulgaris is a deciduous shrub plant, reaching 4-5 meters in height. Leaves are opposite, three-lobed, 5-10 cm long and wide, with a rounded base and coarsely serrated edges; outwardly similar to the leaves of some types of maple, but differ in a slightly wrinkled surface. It blooms in early summer and is pollinated by insects. Globular, bright red fruits (7-10 mm in diameter) contain one seed. The seeds are carried by birds and other animals.
Poppy polar
One of the northernmost plants in the world. The stem is tough, hardy and covered with black hairs, flowers with delicate yellow or white petals. Flowers constantly turn towards the sun, repeating its movement across the sky, and attracting insects. The arctic poppy grows in meadows, mountains and dry beds. They thrive among rocks that absorb heat from the sun and provide shelter for the root system.
Stinging nettle
Nettle is an easily recognizable, unfortunately often easily felt plant, the stems and leaves of which are covered with stinging hairs. This effective method avoid the fate of being eaten, and also makes nettles an important refuge for caterpillars and many other insects. In addition to stinging nettle, stinging nettle is widespread in Russia.
Violet tricolor
The tricolor violet, also known as pansies, is an annual, sometimes perennial, native to Europe and temperate regions of Asia. It was also introduced in North America, where it spread widely. It is the progenitor of the cultivated violet and is therefore sometimes referred to as the wild violet.
Hazel grouse
Chess hazel grouse is a perennial herb that has a rather unusual appearance, as for wildflowers. Prefers damp, low-lying meadows and pastures in Europe and Western Asia. It thrives on soils that have never been subjected to intensive agriculture and is now less and less common.
Sedge
Sedge is a genus of perennials herbaceous plants, numbering about 2 thousand species. In Russia, there are from 300 to 400 species that grow in various climatic conditions, landscapes and habitats throughout the country.
In respect of species composition temperate forests lose much to tropical ones. The trees of central Russia are not numerous and, it would seem, should be known to everyone. But this is not the case. Of course, everyone can easily recognize a birch, pine or spruce, but not everyone can tell an elm from a maple or describe what a linden looks like. It should also be noted that some trees predominate in forests, and others in cities. This article focuses primarily on forest species.
Trees of central Russia: names
The most common coniferous tree in the East European Plain is pine. Common spruce is slightly less popular. Sometimes white fir and falling larch are found. But the dominant position belongs to the deciduous. They grow faster than conifers and adapt more easily to changes. environment, thanks to which they take root even in big cities... According to the studies carried out on the territory of the Central Russian Upland, the dominant native species are the heart-leaved linden and the common ash. Of course, birch and aspen are ubiquitous. On the banks of forest rivers grow different kinds willow and black alder. In shady places, a rough elm (aka mountain elm) comes across. Typical trees of central Russia are various maples, an ordinary mountain ash, and a forest apple. In cities, decorative forms of apple trees, black and white poplars, and horse chestnut are widespread.
Common ash
One of the most impressive in our forests: it reaches forty meters in height. Ash has a straight trunk; the bark is gray-greenish. The tree prefers moist, but not swampy soils, so it often grows along streams and rivers. Young ash trees, unlike adults, are not demanding for light. In winter, the tree is easily identified by its large black buds. Ash crown - high-set, openwork, beautiful shape. He has very recognizable leaves - long (up to 35 cm), pinnate.
In general, central Russia is the most accessible material for identification. By analyzing their shape, it is relatively easy to determine the type.
Heart-leaved linden (small-leaved)
It is a rather high tree (up to 35 meters). Grows on plains and foothills, often on cliffs, slopes. It takes root well in cities and therefore is often used as an alley plant. Linden has a straight trunk with wrinkled grayish bark. The trees that grow in the glades have powerful egg-shaped crowns. Linden is a honey tree. It blooms late in the middle of summer. Small white-yellow flowers have a pronounced sweetish aroma and attract bees. In addition, they are a drug.
The flowers are collected in a bunch, at the base of which there is a long leaf - a lionfish. Linden fruits are round nuts. The leaves are rounded-heart-shaped, a bit reminiscent of poplar. Deciduous trees of central Russia, as a rule, do not differ much in durability, but the heart-leaved linden can live up to 800 years.
Black (sticky) alder
This tree has nothing against high humidity... It is found in river valleys and even in swamps. Alder grows up to 30 meters. Its trunk is dark, with deep "wrinkles", the wood is reddish-yellow. The leaves are rounded, with a notch opposite the cutting. Alder blooms in mid-spring, just during the flood. In male trees, flowers are collected in long yellow-purple catkins. Female inflorescences are in the form of hard cones.
Black alder loves light and it useful plant... Its wood is suitable for use in high humidity conditions.
English oak
Trees of central Russia are medicinal, some of them are often used in medicine. Oak is no exception with its dark and very rough, but healing bark. This tall tree grows in both hills and valleys. It has gnarled branches and easily recognizable leaves, which are called pinnate, since they consist of several pairs of fused blades.
Oaks bloom in late spring. Fruits are light brown-yellow acorns (2-3 pieces on a long petiole). Oaks live a long time, their wood is hard and does not rot. For this reason, expensive furniture "for centuries" is made from it.
Rough elm (mountain elm)
It is caused by the abundance of longitudinal cracks on its bark. The height of the elm is 30 meters, while the plant is very slender, with a long, strong trunk and a relatively wide crown. The trees of central Russia are distinguished by their unpretentiousness: for example, the rough elm gives abundant growth both in the damp lowlands and in the mountains, climbing to a height of 1000 meters above sea level and rooting on rocky steeps. The elm is demanding not so much on the ambient temperature as on the fertility of the soil. It has large, rough and not very symmetrical oblong leaves with a double-serrate edge.
Rough elm appreciates partial shade, so on open spaces you will not meet him. It blooms very early; purple-red flowers are collected in dense small bunches. By summer, the fruits of the elm ripen and fall off. They are flattened nuts surrounded by two fused wide blades.
Poplar and aspen
Almost everyone will be able to identify these plants; the identifier for trees of central Russia is unlikely to be needed here. But still, speaking about the most common plants in our country, these species cannot be ignored. By the way, not everyone knows that the second name of aspen is trembling poplar. This tree is very undemanding to soil, but loves the sun. Aspen rapidly captures fresh clearings and clearings, but its age does not exceed 90-100 years. The trunk is long and smooth, with a gray-greenish bark. The crown is small, sparse and high. The leaves are almost round, with an uneven edge. The slightest breath of wind makes them tremble, which is due to special structure petiole. Dark green above, gray below. In autumn, they acquire a rich burgundy color.
Better known as the "cultured" tree. It can be found more often in cities along highways or in village streets than in forests. Poplar appreciates sun and moisture. Under favorable conditions, the tree grows up to 40 meters. The bark is gray, rough, with longitudinal cracks. The crown is extensive. Leaves are heart-shaped.
Conclusion
So, the article briefly described the trees of central Russia, the names of which are well known to everyone. Take a look at the photos, practice a little - and it will not be difficult to distinguish one plant from another. Fortunately, as already noted, the forest flora of the temperate climate is not so numerous.
There are a huge number of tree species on the planet that perform a vital function, clearing the air from carbon dioxide... They grow everywhere, except, perhaps, permafrost and some desert areas. Even in the hottest and most lifeless lands, oases with palm trees can be found.
Tree types
Tree varieties can be divided into two types: coniferous and deciduous. The former, as you might guess, have different scales and needles instead of leaves. The most popular representatives of this species are:
- Pines.
- Fir.
- Cypress.
The vast majority of conifers are green all year round.
Deciduous trees are most often plants with petioled lamellar leaves that have branched venation. This category includes about 260 thousand species. Deciduous appeared on the planet much later than their needle-like counterparts during the Jurassic period and actively spread during the Cretaceous. Deciduous trees have now dominated the planet due to their good adaptability to climate change.
Middle zone of Russia
Linden is one of the most popular trees in central Russia. It successfully tolerates local frosts, blooms and produces seeds with little maintenance. The cordate belongs to the Malvovye family, which includes about 40 more species of trees and shrubs.
 |
|
|
A tree up to 30 m tall, usually growing from the base with several trunks, when free standing, forms a powerful wide-pyramidal crown. The bark is dark gray, fissured. Shoots are grayish-brown, young ones are brown, glabrous. Beautiful, heart-shaped leafing 5-10 cm in diameter, dark bluish-green above, gray or whitish below, with reddish veins. At the beginning of blooming, they are painted in purple-pink tones with a satin sheen and are very effective against the background of other plants. In autumn, they are no less attractive for their crimson or golden yellow color. At this time, there is a sweet smell - either caramel or baked bread. Someone thinks that it smells like gingerbread or vanilla. In Germany, for this feature, the scarlet tree is called the "Gingerbread tree". It is noteworthy that this sweetish smell does not appear in all trees, and only when the foliage acquires an autumn color, disappearing during leaf fall. |
|
| Amur Velvet - Phellodendron amurense |
 |
 |
 |
|
|
Slim, beautiful tree up to 25 m in height, with a broadly oval, semi-lacquered crown. The bark of the trunk is light gray, in young plants with a silvery tint, two-layer: the outer layer is velvety, cork, the inner layer is bright yellow, bast. The leaves are large, pinnate, of 5-13 leaves, resembling ash leaves (up to 25-35 cm), when rubbed with a specific smell. In spring they are light green, in summer they are dark green with a lighter underside, in autumn they are yellow-orange, pale copper. They dress with foliage later than other breeds, leaf fall - with the first autumn frosts. The flowers are small, inconspicuous, yellowish-green in paniculate inflorescences, inconspicuous among the leaves, bloom for 2 weeks. Fruits are inedible, spherical, up to 1 cm in diameter, black, slightly shiny, with a pungent resinous odor when rubbed. They often persist until spring. |
|
Common birch (white) - Betula alba
Common birch, or white (according to its bark), is distinguished by its slender growth, dazzling white bark and rhombic-oval or almost triangular, rounded or truncated at the base, sharp, saw-like leaves at the edges, covered with a velvety fluff only in young age... Due to the presence of a resinous substance, the bark (birch bark) is extremely durable and is perfectly preserved in river sediments, peat bogs, etc. In Russia, the best growth birch plantations it is noticed on moderately moist, not too dense soils, not poor in humus content. The difference in the mineral composition of soils does not show a particularly noticeable effect on the growth of birch, and it grows very rarely only on calcareous soils.
 |
 |
| Warty birch Tristis (ristis) | |
 |
|
Warty birch (drooping)
-
Betula
verrucosa (B. pendula)
The tree is up to 20 m tall, with an openwork, irregular crown and smooth, white, flaking bark. In mature trees, the lower part of the trunk is covered with a thick blackish crust, with deep cracks, in this it differs from most white-bore birches. Branches for the most part drooping, young warty shoots. Leaves are rhombic, glabrous, up to 7 cm, resinous, sticky in youth. The earrings are drooping. The fruit is an oblong-elliptical winged nut.
It grows quickly, hardy, undemanding to soil, very light-requiring, drought-resistant. In culture for a very long time.
It has several forms, of which the most decorative: pyramidal(f. fastigiata)- with a narrow pyramidal crown; funeral(f. tristis)- with very thin weeping branches forming a rounded crown; Yoongi(f. Joungii)- with an irregular, picturesque crown, with thin drooping branches; purple(f. purpurea)-with purple leaves;
| Oak - Quercus |
English oak
- Quercus robur
A long-lasting, very powerful tree up to 50 m tall, in close stands with a slender trunk, highly de-limbed, in single plantings in open places - with a short trunk and a wide, spreading, low-planted crown. The bark on the trunks up to 40 years old is smooth, olive-brown, later grayish-brown, almost black. The leaves are alternate, at the apex of the shoots, knitted together, leathery, oblong, obovate, up to 15 cm long. The leaves are shiny above, glabrous, dark green, lighter below, sometimes with sparse hairs. Acorns up to 3.5 cm, 1/5 covered with plyus, ripen in early autumn.
It grows slowly, the greatest growth energy is in 5-20 years. Medium light-requiring, thanks to the powerful root system, wind-resistant. Excessive waterlogging of the soil does not tolerate, but withstands temporary flooding up to 20 days. It prefers deep, fertile, fresh soils; it is capable of growing on any soil, including dry and saline ones, which makes it indispensable for green building in many regions of Russia. Possesses high drought and heat resistance. One of the most durable breeds, lives up to 500 - 1500 years. Propagated by sowing acorns, it is well renewed by shoots from the stump.
Red oak, or northern
-Quercus rubra
Slender tree up to 25 m tall, with a dense tent-shaped crown. The trunk is covered with thin, smooth, gray bark, cracking in old trees. Young shoots are reddish-tomentose, annuals are red-brown, smooth. The leaves are deeply crimson, thin, shiny, up to 15-20 cm, with 4-5 pointed lobes on each side of the leaf, reddish when blooming, dark green in summer, lighter below, in autumn, before falling off, in young trees - scarlet-red, the old ones are brownish-brown. It blooms at the same time as the leaves open. Acorns are spherical, up to 2 cm, red-brown, as if chopped off from below, unlike pedunculate oak, ripen in the fall of the second year. Fruiting steadily and abundantly from 15-20 years.
Frost-resistant, can be used for planting from the latitude of Moscow and to the south. Medium light-loving, easily tolerates lateral shading, but prefers full illumination of the crown top. Wind-resistant, not very picky about soil fertility, withstands even an acid reaction, but does not tolerate calcareous and moist soils. Resistant to pests and diseases, including powdery mildew - the scourge of our oaks. Possesses high phytoncidal properties. Among the advantages of red oak is its resistance to smoke and gases. Belongs to the species that effectively reduce city noise. Due to its high decorative effect, resistance to unfavorable environmental factors, magnificent autumn decoration, it deserves the widest use in green construction, for the creation of single and group plantings, alleys, massifs, casing roads and streets. In culture since XVII
White willow
or silvery (Vetla)
- Salix alba .
A large tree 20-25 m tall, with a powerful trunk covered with fissured gray bark. Young branches are very effective, thin, hanging, silvery-pubescent at the ends. Older shoots are glabrous, shiny, yellowish or reddish brown. The leaves are alternate, lanceolate, up to 15 cm long, silky-whitish in youth, later dark green above, glabrous, silvery below, silky-pubescent, which makes the tree very effective at the slightest breath of wind. Flower earrings develop at the same time as leaves.
It grows quickly, light-requiring, frost-hardy, undemanding to soil, tolerates urban conditions well. Lives up to 100 years old.
It has many decorative forms, the most common:
White willow "Tristis" - tree 15 - 20 m high. The crown is spreading, with hanging shoots, 15 - 20 m in diameter. The bark is yellowish, then brown. Shoots are yellow. Leaves are lanceolate, 8 - 12 cm long and 2.5 cm wide, green. Autumn color is yellow-green. It blooms in April - May, simultaneously with the opening of the leaves, or a little later. The earrings are yellow. Honey plant. It is growing rapidly. Photophilous. Tolerates dry soils, but prefers moist soils. It has a very picturesque weeping crown.
Willow brittle
, or rakita -Salix fragilis
A medium-sized tree (15-20 m) with a tent-like crown and brittle branches, for which it received its specific name. Shoots glabrous, shiny, olive green, sometimes slightly reddish, sticky when young.
It blooms at the same time as the leaves open.
It grows quickly, hardy, more demanding to the soil than white willow. Reaches the best development on deep, clayey and moist soils. The age limit is 50 years. As a beautiful, unpretentious and easily propagated plant, it is often used in ornamental gardening in single and group plantings. In culture for a long time.
| Horse Chestnut - Aesculus hippocastanum |
 |
 |
A mighty tree up to 30 m tall with a massive trunk and a heavy, dense, broadly round crown, remarkable large inflorescences and very decorative fruits. Deservedly enjoys the fame of one of the most beautiful park trees, decorative throughout the year: in winter - a beautiful pattern of powerful branches; in spring - early blooming, large, sticky, greenish-pink buds, from which on one of the warm days the original, wrinkled, complex, long-petiolate leaves appear, giving a thick shadow at full development. Leaves are compound, palmate, of 5-7 oblong, obovate leaves up to 25 cm long.In early May, after the leaves have bloomed, large (up to 30 cm) pyramidal panicles of large, white, pink-speckled flowers appear on it. Like candles on a Christmas tree, the inflorescences give the tree a unique look during this period. Flowering lasts 15-25 days. Chestnut fruits are also very decorative - spherical, green, with numerous thorns, fleshy capsules up to 6 cm in diameter, cracking with three valves and containing 1-3 shiny, dark brown seeds.
It is frost-hardy, rather picky about soil fertility, prefers loams containing lime. Shade tolerant, but better development reaches in open, sunny places. It is demanding on soil and air humidity, tolerates urban conditions relatively well, has a high ability to accumulate sulfur compounds and lead. Resistant to pests and diseases. Retains decorative effect for a long time. It is very colorful in autumn, when the foliage acquires a beautiful bright yellow color. Good honey plant. Long lasting.
A first-class tree for planting on streets, boulevards, park alleys. Monumental groups and whole groves in large parks and forest parks. Very beautiful in a single planting, where there is an opportunity to fully develop the crown. In culture, since 1576.
 |
 |
| Norway maple Globozum (spherical shape) (f. Globosa). | |
 |
 |
 |
 |
| Norway Maple Deborah ("Deborah") | Maple schwedleri ("Schwedleri") |
 |
 |
| Maple Royal Red ("Royal Red"). | |
Norway maple, or platon-leaved - platanoides.
Tree up to 30 m tall, with a dense, broadly round crown. The bark of young branches is reddish-gray, smooth. The trunk is covered with dark, brownish-gray, sometimes almost black bark with numerous shallow cracks. Large, up to 18 cm, five-lobed, dark green leaves in autumn are painted in orange-yellow tones. It blooms before and during leafing, with yellowish-green, fragrant flowers, collected in corymbose inflorescences. It is very beautiful and transparent in the initial period of flowering, when the inflorescences have already formed, and the leaves have not yet unfolded. It is no less decorative in summer with a dark green crown and, no doubt, in autumn decoration. It grows rapidly in the first 3 years. It blooms and bears fruit from the age of 17.
In Central Russia it is winter-hardy. It is quite picky about fertility and moisture of the soil, grows quickly, is shade-tolerant, does not tolerate stagnation of moisture and salinity, gives abundant growth from the stump. Withstands transplantation and urban conditions well, it is wind-resistant. Big sizes, a beautiful dense crown, a slender trunk, highly ornamental foliage - these are the qualities for which it is especially valued in decorative gardening. One of the best breeds for single and alley plantings, colorful powerful groups. His exceptionally spectacular fall outfit stands out in contrast to the conifers. In culture for a long time.
Has many decorative forms, differing in color and shape of foliage, nature and shape of the crown, growth characteristics:
Norway maple
Doummondi
(f. Drummondii).
The tree is up to 6-10 m (sometimes up to 12 m) in height and about 7 m in diameter. In our conditions, it acquires such a size only after living for thirty years, or even more, in one place. Leaves with a wide irregular strip of cream color, pink when blooming, small in size. Its crown is beautiful, wide-pyramidal in youth, and then round. It is one of the most spectacular forms of the Norway maple. On some leaves white more than green, so from a distance the tree looks very light, almost white. Young shoots and leaves are sometimes pinkish. The shape of the leaves is clearly delineated, with sharp edges - ornamental. The tree remains light even in the shade. Looks very nice up close. Practically does not bloom. Propagated by cuttings. By autumn, the edges of the leaves turn brown. There are two varieties - white-bordered and yellow-bordered.
Norway maple
Globozum
(f. spherical) (f. globosa).
Small tree, 4-6 (7) m high, 3-5 m wide, initially strictly spherical, branches arranged asymmetrically but compactly; very slow growing. Flowers are yellow corymbose inflorescences in April, fragrant flowers resemble the smell of fruits, blooms very unusual and attractive. The fruits are invisible. Leaves 5-palmate-lobed, early blooming in late April; when blooming, bronze, then dark green, yellow-orange in autumn. The root system is shallow, heart-shaped, sensitive to soil compaction, and is well strengthened. Well tolerated high temperatures, frost-resistant; very adaptable, not picky; stable in urban conditions, wind-resistant.
Norway maple
Deborah
(f."Deborah").
Medium-sized (about 15-20 m high, 12-15 m wide) tree with a wide-rounded crown. Leaves are five- or seven-lobed, about 15 cm long and 20 cm wide. When blooming, they are shiny, have a purple-red color on top and dark green below, then turn green, becoming brown-green, and turn yellow-orange in autumn. The difference between this variety is that the leaves have a slightly wavy edge.
Maple Schwedleri
("Schwedleri")
A beautiful powerful (20 m high, 10 m in diameter) tree with an openwork wide-pyramidal crown. It grows quickly, especially at a young age. When blooming, the leaves (20 cm wide) are bright red, then in the second half of summer they turn more and more green and become shiny bronze-green. In this case, the veins of the leaf and petioles remain purple. Maple is dark green in autumn.
Norway Maple Royal Red
("Royal Red").
The tree is about 8-12 m high. It grows quickly only at a young age. So, at about 10 years of age, its height is about 5 m. It is interesting for its leaves, which, when blooming, have a bright red color, then turn shiny black-red, turning back into bright red in the fall. In May, it blooms with yellow flowers, which look very impressive against the background of red foliage.
| Lipa - Tilia |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
Small-leaved linden or cordate - Tilia cordata
A tree up to 30 m tall, with a compact oval crown and a slender cylindrical trunk. Leaves up to 6 cm, cordate, with a drawn apex, dark green above, glabrous, sometimes shiny, glaucous on the underside, on petioles up to 3 cm long; in autumn they take on a beautiful light yellow color. The flowers are small, yellowish-white, fragrant. Flowering lasts 12-17 days.
Differs in great shade tolerance, high frost resistance, sensitive to drought, moderately demanding to soil conditions, more or less well tolerated urban conditions, well retains dust. Perfectly withstands crown molding and is one of the most important tree species most widely used in regular style gardens and parks. Suitable for creating a hedge... Tolerates transplantation well. Valuable honey plant. It is durable, lives up to 400 years or more. In culture for a very long time. The best companion of oak and maple.
Large-leaved linden
- Tilia platyphyllos.
The tree is up to 40 m tall, with a dense, broad-pyramidal crown, with reddish-brown, fluffy, less often bare, young shoots. Leaves up to 14 cm, round-ovate, green. Leaves bloom two weeks later than small-leaved linden. The flowers are yellowish-creamy, larger, but in smaller quantities in the inflorescence (2-5), blooms two weeks earlier than the small-leaved linden.
It grows relatively quickly. Winter hardiness for the Moscow region. Can be planted from the latitude of St. Petersburg and further south. It is more demanding on soil fertility, tolerates drought better than small-leaved linden, is more resistant and more durable in urban conditions. The use and areas of use of this species are similar to those of the small-leaved linden.
| Manchurian walnut - Juglans mandshurica |
 |
 |
The tree is up to 25 m tall, with a spreading or wide-rounded, highly raised, openwork crown. The trunk is straight, even, covered with dark gray, sometimes almost black, deeply grooved bark. Young shoots are yellow-green, pubescent. The branches are gray, smooth. The leaves are very large (up to 1.25 m), pinnate, with a strong characteristic odor when rubbed. In spring they are grayish green from pubescence, in summer they are bright green, in autumn they are golden yellow.
Photophilous, prefers fertile, well-moistened, well-drained soil, sensitive to drought. Thanks to its strong root system, it is wind-resistant. Relatively gas and smoke resistant. In the conditions of the middle zone, it is winter-hardy.
| Rowan - Sorbus |
A small tree (up to 11 m) or a large shrub with alternate, pinnate leaves, dark green above, glabrous, lighter, pubescent below. Flowers up to 1 cm, in large scutes. Fruits are orange-red, spherical, persist for a long time on the branches, greatly decorating the tree.
It is frost-resistant, tolerates slight shading, is not very demanding on the soil, but develops better on loose soil. Avoids waterlogging.
It has many decorative forms: according to the shape of the crown, color and taste of fruits, color of leaves, which can be successfully used in green building. These are "liqueur", "burka", "pomegranate", "Michurinskaya dessert", "nevezhinskaya". The typical form, its hybrids and varieties are decorative throughout the growing season. They are very beautiful in solitary and group plantings, forest edges, alleys throughout Russia.
| Bird cherry-Radus |
 |
 |
Usually this is a tree up to 15-17 m in height with brown, cracking bark in old age, which has a specific bitter aroma. The crown is wide, dense, with drooping branches; the bark is smooth, matte, black-gray. Elliptical leaves up to 15 cm long, dark green, slightly wrinkled, with a sharp-edged edge. Bird cherry trees begin to bloom and bear fruit from 5-6 years. And then, against the background of the leaves, fragrant, up to 12 cm long, drooping brushes of white flowers stand out in contrast. If you are very lucky, you will come across trees with pink flowers. Flowers appear in May, and after a week and a half, a few gusts of wind are enough - and a round dance of petals will spin, filling the air with the last scent of bird cherry. Now all that remains is to wait for the fruits. Black, shiny, juicy edible drupes ripen in mid-July. The fruits are tart, astringent. From them, ground together with the seeds, they make filling for pies, use the fruits for making drinks or coloring them.
It grows quickly, hardy, moisture-loving, shade-tolerant. Handles urban conditions satisfactorily. It is well renewed by shoots from the stump and roots. Can be propagated by seeds, cuttings and layering. Damaged by bird cherry moth. Gives strong root growth from the stump.
Common bird cherry "Colorata"
The maximum size of this deciduous tree or small shrub is 5-6 m in height. At a young age, the leaves are purple or copper-violet, in mature - green with a bronze sheen on the underside and purple veins. In autumn, the foliage is painted in pink-red tones. Shoots are dark purple. Effective during the abundant flowering of pale pink drooping clusters of flowers with the scent of almonds. Fruits are shiny, black, edible, astringent, on red petioles.
 |
 |
Bird cherry Poppy
(
Radus Maackii )
Tree up to 17 m tall, with a broad-pyramidal crown. The trunk is covered with a very elegant, reddish-orange or golden-yellow bark, smooth, shiny, peeling across the trunk with papery, thin films, which somewhat resembles the peeling of a number of species of Far Eastern birches. Such a bark becomes only in the light. Leaves are shiny, elliptical or oblong, with a drawn-out tip, sharp-toothed, up to 13 cm long. In spring they are light green, in summer they are dark green, in autumn they are intensely yellow or yellowish red. The flowers are white, 0.6 cm in diameter, in erect oblong racemes, odorless.
This bird cherry blossoms and bears fruit since 7 years. It is very winter-hardy, withstands temperatures down to -40 ° C. Prefers fertile, fresh soil, wind-resistant. It is very sensitive to shading, even in partial shade it loses its decorative effect, while in full light it retains its decorative effect until old age. Stable in urban conditions. Well tolerates replanting, mowing and asphalt pavement. Decorative at any time of the year. Little susceptible to attack by pests. It is growing rapidly. Recommended for single and loose-group plantings, for creating alleys. Given the love of light, it should be planted at a distance of 5 m from each other. In culture since 1870.
| Ash - Fraxinus |
 |
 |
Common ash ( Fraxinus excelsior) |
|
The tree is up to 30 m tall, with a wide-oval, openwork crown, with straight, slightly branched branches and odd-pinnate foliage. The bark of the trunk is initially ash-gray, almost smooth, later with deep, longitudinal and small transverse cracks. Buds are black with velvety pubescence, very showy against the background of bare branches. Leaves are odd-pinnate, from 7-9 sessile, broadly lanceolate, serrate along the edge, bright green leaves above, green below, hairy along the veins. The flowers are inconspicuous. Fruits - lionfish, up to 5 cm long, often remain on the branches all winter.
It grows quickly, light-requiring. In adulthood, it tolerates temperature drops down to -40 ° C. In severe winters, some of the shoots can freeze slightly, so it is better to plant it in protected places. It also suffers from late spring frosts, but then quickly recovers. It tolerates air dryness well, soil dryness worse. Demanding on the soil, not enough smoke and gas resistance. Lives up to 300 years.
Loading...
