Many mushroom pickers undeservedly bypass these mushrooms, and completely in vain. Young puffballs are very tasty and healthy mushrooms. And most often they are one of the first to appear in spring forest, therefore, for lovers of just such gifts, forests will be a pleasant variety in the diet after a long winter, when dishes made from fresh mushrooms collected in the forest are still a rarity on the table.
Puffballs belong to the mushroom family. The fruiting bodies of these mushrooms different types They have a rounded pear shape, most often white. Many of them have a pronounced false leg, and their sizes can be medium or large (like those of giant puffballs).
In young mushrooms, the entire cap is covered with small growths similar to thorns, which fall off over time. The spores of this type of mushroom ripen inside the fruiting body; when they ripen, a hole opens at the top of the fruiting body through which the spores spread around the mushroom. The color of ripe spores can range from green with an olive tint to brown.
Common names for this type of mushroom:
- bee sponge;
- hare potatoes.
And raincoats, in which the spores in the fruiting body are fully ripe, are called:
- flutter;
- puffing;
- dust duster;
- grandfather's tobacco;
- wolf tobacco;
- tobacco mushroom, etc.
Puffballs belong to the mushroom family
Edible types of puffball
The following common groups of mushrooms are classified as puffballs:
- true raincoats;
- bigheads;
- flutters.
Typical raincoats are small in size (height - 5-6 cm, radius - 2.5-3 cm). Their fruiting bodies are closed; in young individuals they are covered with a double shell. The outer layer of the fruit body shell may be covered with cracks, small scales or spines. As the mushroom ages, the outer layer falls off, exposing the inner - brown or ocher - layer, which covers the ripening ones.
Gallery: puffball mushrooms (25 photos)
Where do raincoats grow (video)
Meadow, pear-shaped and pearl raincoats
All of the above types of true puffballs are the most common category 4 mushrooms in the central regions and middle lane our country. They are very similar to each other, and pearl look also called real, or edible. It is covered with large spines, which makes it look like a bighead mushroom.
Golovachi
Mushrooms of this genus are similar to puffballs; some mushroom pickers often confuse them. The main differences between bigheads and raincoats:
- larger sizes (at least 7 cm in height and 3.5 cm in radius);
- The fruiting body of these mushrooms, after the spores ripen, ruptures much more strongly than that of ordinary puffballs.
Otherwise, they look about the same as raincoats. The most commonly encountered species of bighead are described below.
Golovachi
Baggy golovach
Common names for this type of raincoat:
- Bladderhead;
- The golovach is round;
- Sac-shaped golovach;
- Rabbit raincoat;
- The golovach is pot-bellied.
The fruiting body of such a bighead can be from 10 to 20 cm in diameter, round in shape, slightly flattened on top, fine-grained inside, tapering downward. Young bigheads are light milky in color as they grow up and become brown with a gray tint. Cracks run along the fruiting body of an adult bighead, and tubercles similar to warts will also appear. Old mushrooms open up at the top, becoming like bowls with torn parts.
This mushroom belongs to the 4th category; only young bigheads are used for food.
Baggy golovach
Golovach oblong (extended raincoat)
Synonyms – bighead marsupial. This species has a fruiting body of a peculiar shape - pin-shaped or club-shaped. The pseudopod is elongated, the apex looks like half a ball. The height of the fruiting body together with the pseudopod is from 8 to 14 cm, in rainy and warm weather can grow even more. The thickness of the upper part of the pseudopod is about 4 cm, and the lower part is about 6–7 cm. But different sources indicate different values of these indicators.
Young mushrooms are white in color, which over time becomes yellow and then brown. There are spines along the entire surface of the fruiting body. The flesh of young mushrooms is white, but over time it becomes yellow, withers, and then turns brown. The upper spherical part of the fruiting body opens and brown spore powder falls out. Young elongated bighead quite edible.
Golovach oblong (extended raincoat)
Giant golovach
This mushroom is the largest among all varieties of bigheads. Some of its specimens can grow up to 0.5 m in height, and their weight reaches 18-20 kg. It is this representative of the bighead genus that is considered the most delicious of all representatives of the genus. But, unfortunately, giant bigheads always grow alone and do not appear in one place, and this is considered their main drawback.
How to assemble raincoats (video)
Poisonous false puffballs
But in the family under consideration there are also inedible species, some of which are also mildly poisonous.
False raincoat warty
This mushroom belongs to the category of inedible mushrooms from the genus False puffballs of the Scleroderma family. Usually grows in "families" in deciduous forests and groves (especially on the edges or forest clearings), found in grass meadows and on roadsides. Growth period is from the first ten days of August to mid-October. The fruit body is 3–5 cm in diameter, tuberous in shape, the color of the outer shell is brownish. The outer shell is leathery, corky, leathery.
False raincoat warty
Common false raincoat
The fruiting body of this mushroom is tuberous in shape, 5–6 cm in diameter, the shell can be smooth or covered with small scales. The color of this raincoat is dirty yellow. When the shell cracks, small warts appear.
Medicinal properties of puffball mushroom
Not all mushroom pickers know that raincoats have unique medicinal properties. They are able to stop bleeding and also have a healing effect. In case of a severe cut, you can simply break this freshly picked mushroom and apply the pulp to the wound - the bleeding will stop very quickly. Similarly, it can be used to treat other skin diseases:
- severe burns;
- poorly healing purulent wounds;
- acne;
- urticaria, etc.
Raincoats have unique healing properties
Decoctions are prepared from mushrooms and used for treatment. inflammatory processes in the upper respiratory tract:
- bronchitis;
- tuberculosis;
- laryngitis
The giant bighead has the ability to prevent the growth of malignant cells, so the medicine calvacin was made based on this mushroom, which helps in the fight against malignant tumors in different parts human body.
So that this useful mushroom is always at hand, it is prepared for future use (pickled, dried).
Places where puffball grows
Varieties of puffballs can grow in different places. The baghead is usually found from the last ten days of May to mid-September in open sunny places - forest edges or clearings, in shallow ravines, and in pastures. Most often it grows singly.
The elongated raincoat appears in forests, on the edges or forest clearings from the second ten days of July. Last mushrooms This species is found in mid-October.
How to cook puffball mushrooms (video)
Options for preparing puffball mushrooms
Only young mushrooms should be used for cooking. They can be fried, stewed, or prepared as first courses.
Stuffed zucchini
Peel the young zucchini, cut into rings 2.5-3 cm thick. Remove the middle (along with the seeds), boil in salted water until half cooked, place in a colander to drain. Then roll in flour and fry on sunflower oil. Pass young mushrooms through a meat grinder along with onions and fry in sunflower oil. Fill the zucchini with the prepared mushroom mince.
Vermicelli casserole
Vermicelli is boiled in salted water and drained in a colander. The puffballs are finely chopped and fried in butter until ready. Then the fried mushrooms are mixed with vermicelli and raw eggs, put in a mold greased with oil and sprinkled with crushed breadcrumbs and put in an oven heated to 170 - 180 degrees for 1/3 hour. Pepper is added to this dish to taste.
Although raincoats belong to category 4, you can use them to prepare a lot of tasty and healthy dishes. Fried young mushrooms are especially tasty.
Gallery: puffball mushrooms (35 photos)
So, let’s begin to study the puffball mushroom: photos and descriptions of the culture will help you understand the diversity of its species:
The giant puffball mushroom is edible in at a young age.
Langermannia gigantea- the largest raincoat with a smooth surface. Fruit bodies up to 50 cm in diameter weighing up to 20 kg. IN early age round white with a velvety felt shell with white flesh. Later, their shell becomes leathery and durable, but remains almost white and smooth. At the end of the development of the fruiting body, the shell cracks and begins to peel off in layers, exposing an ocher or umber-brown layer of pulp, reminiscent of cotton wool in consistency. When touched or exposed to wind, the layer of pulp “smoke” with spores. At the same time, the internal parts of the pulp do not disintegrate into powder and remain in the form of an ocher “cotton” ball, which is not washed away by rain, but emits spores in dry weather.
Look at the photo to see what your development and growth looks like:
Puffball mushroom in different stages 
Puffball mushroom in different stages
Grows in soils rich in nitrogen, in gardens, in bird cherry bushes and in deciduous forests.
Old fruiting bodies remain intact until mid-summer of next year. The mushroom is rare.
It has no poisonous counterparts.
The mushroom is suitable for frying.
Bear mushroom pear-shaped puffball in the photo
The bear's puffball mushroom is edible when young. Fruiting bodies are up to 1-3 cm in diameter, 2-5 cm in height, obversely pear-shaped. Extended top part below it tapers into a sterile (spore-free) stalk. The surface is smooth or finely warty. At an early age they are white with white flesh, later with a brownish tint. The flesh is white at first, then olive or umber brown. Numerous white strands of mycelium grow from the lower sterile stalk. After the spores mature, a hole is formed from which the fungus releases spores in the form of “smoke.”
Found from July to October.
Grows in pine and spruce forests on tree trunks, on stumps or near stumps on rotting wood.
Many mushroom pickers wonder whether the puffball mushroom is false and dangerous to human life and health. We answer: poisonous doubles does not have.
The raincoat is real in the photo
Pearl raincoat in the photo
True or pearl puffball is edible when young. Fruiting bodies are up to 2-5 cm in diameter, 3-9 cm in height, obversely pear-shaped. The widened upper part tapers below into a sterile (spore-free) stalk. Lycoperdon perlatum are covered with large conical spines, around which there are small spines. The thorns easily fall off the fruiting body when touched by hand or on their own. After the thorns fall off, numerous areas remain on the surface, forming a mesh pattern. At an early age, they are white with white flesh, later turning yellow, and finally gray-brown, powdery inside. After the spores mature, the mushroom bursts and releases the spores in the form of “smoke.” It is similar to the pear-shaped raincoat, but it is without thorns and has smooth or warty fruiting bodies.
It grows in pine and spruce forests on the forest floor of needles, in fields, in grassy clearings and on rotting wood.
Found from July to October.
Large puffball mushrooms: bag-shaped and elongated
Let's look at other large puffball mushrooms and find out which of them are suitable for eating.
Bag-shaped puffball (Calvatia utriformis) edible when young. Large raincoat. Its surface cracks into numerous, almost hexagonal cells. Fruiting bodies up to 16 cm in diameter. At an early age - round white with a velvety felt shell with white flesh. Later they become flattened gray-ocher, with a shell dotted with small protruding “hexagons”. The white inner mass first turns olive, then chocolate brown as the spores mature. At the end of the development of the fruiting body, the shell becomes gray-ocher, cracks in the upper part, exposing an olive-brown spore powder.
It grows in pastures, meadows, former cattle pens, and sometimes in clearings in forests.
Found from July to October.
It has no poisonous counterparts.
Raincoat (golovach) elongated (Calvatia excipuliformis) edible when young. Fruit bodies are up to 3-8 cm in diameter, 5-15 cm high, club-shaped or pistil-shaped. At an early age they are white with white flesh, with a fine-grained or finely spinous surface. Later they become ocher and finally tobacco brown. Below there is a sterile part in the form of a leg. The flesh is white at first, then yellow-brown, then dark brown. At the end of the development of the fruiting body, the shell becomes tobacco-brown and cracks at the top, exposing an olive-brown spore powder.
It grows in pine and spruce forests on the forest floor of needles, in deciduous forests, in gardens and parks.
Found from July to October.
Poisonous and inedible doubles does not have.
Many mushrooms of the family Raincoats (Lycoperdales) are often collectively called “raincoats”, although among them there are not only raincoats ( Lycoperdon), but also flutters (powder flasks, Bovista), golovach (Calvatia) and some other types. Any mushroom picker has seen a variety of raincoats many times: with a smooth surface and with growths, warts and needles. These mushrooms also differ in the shape of the fruiting body: spherical, pear-shaped, ovoid, etc. The white balls of some mushrooms lie on the ground, while others rise on a false stalk.
Puffballs grow in forests and parks, appear in steppes, agricultural fields, pastures and manicured lawns. If you trample a ripe mushroom, it will release “smoke” with spores.
Mushroom pickers often trample raincoats to release a cloud of “smoke”
There are several popular names for raincoats: “grandfather’s gunpowder”, “dust duster”, “wolf’s tobacco”, “devil’s tobacco”, “hare’s potato”, “mushroom-egg” and “forest egg”.
Variety of species
Even an experienced mushroom picker does not always navigate the complex taxonomy. This applies to many mushrooms, including puffballs.
At first you call all the mushrooms “wolf tobacco”, then, having learned that these are puffballs, you will call them puffballs, and then you will understand that puffballs are different: just a puffball, a prickly puffball, a pear-shaped puffball, a needle-shaped puffball, a blackish puffball, a round bighead, bighead oblong. (V.A. Soloukhin).
Raincoats, fluff and golovach belong to the group gasteromycetes (« nutrevikov"), because their fruiting bodies remain intact until the spores mature. The shell then ruptures, releasing “smoke” containing the spores. These mushrooms are classified as saprophytes, because They need rotted organic matter for nutrition.
Let's bring short description several mushrooms, which we call “puffballs”. They are all very tasty. They are harvested young while their fruiting bodies are firm and filled with white pulp.
Raincoat spiny (Lycoperdon perlatum) is covered with clearly visible conical spines. If you peel off their white or creamy skin, a more or less noticeable mesh pattern will remain on it. The smell of mushroom is pleasant. This type of raincoat can be safely placed in the basket while the mushroom is young and strong, and its flesh is white and elastic. The mushroom often grows in groups.
Raincoat pearl (Lycoperdon perlatum) prefers manured pastures, although it is also found in forests. Pearl puffball grows (usually in waves) from May to mid-November. This mushroom has a white, pear-shaped fruit body that turns yellow as it matures, then turning grey-brown. Old mushrooms are filled with spore powder inside. A skin with small growths or non-prickly spines, which are sometimes found only in the upper part.
This is a very beautiful and tasty mushroom (photo from Wikipedia)
Golovach oblong (Calvatia excipuliformis) in some reference books is called a variety of spiny puffball. However, the bighead is taller, its spines are more delicate and thinner, and it is edible at a young age. Sometimes the mushroom resembles the shape of a bubble, which was inflated with air and pulled from below (sac-shaped, or bladder-shaped, capitol). These mushrooms often grow in pastures.
Stunning appearance raincoat giant, or Langermannia gigantic (Langermannia gigantean). In some publications it is classified as a golovach. This is a mushroom huge size. It grows in forests (deciduous and mixed), meadows, fields and pastures. There is a better chance of finding it from the end of summer (August - October). The huge “soccer ball” can weigh up to 8 kg and is 40 cm in diameter. There are individual record-breaking specimens that weighed almost 20 kg and had a fruiting body diameter of 30 cm!!! More chances to find a kilogram raincoat gigantic in size with a medium head of cabbage.
The skin of this puffball can be either smooth or slightly flaky. As it grows, the color of the flesh changes from white (or slightly yellowish) to greenish-brown, then to dirty brown. In old mushrooms, the skin dries out and resembles parchment. The edible pulp is often loose, reminiscent in consistency of homemade cheeses. As the mushroom grows, it becomes lighter and noticeably loses weight. The mycelium of the giant puffball is durable and can live up to 25 years.
Raincoat pear-shaped (Lycoperdon pyriforme) refers to small species (maximum up to 5 cm in height). It often grows on rotting wood, tree trunks and stumps. The shape of the fruiting body is pear-shaped, resembling a white ball narrowed downward, which has a short false stalk with sparse light threads of mycelium. This very tasty mushroom is fried and boiled (in soups), unless it is overripe. The degree of maturity can often be determined not in the forest, but in the kitchen, because When ripe, the mushroom does not always quickly change the color of its skin.
False puffball (Scleroderma)
False raincoat (scleroderma) should not be collected. In most books of the Soviet period, this mushroom is considered inedible or poisonous. Western authors only call it inedible, specifying that cooks sometimes add pulp to sausages instead of truffles. They all warn that puffballs can be hazardous to health if eaten in large quantities.
I have not tried this mushroom, so I can only refer to the opinions of authoritative mushroom experts. I quote them verbatim.
The false puffball, which they scare us with in all the books about mushrooms, is not at all poisonous, even in its raw form. It is simply tasteless, and according to the rules it should be classified as inedible mushrooms. Moreover, young false puffball (when the flesh is white when cut) has a sharp, spicy taste and can serve as a piquant seasoning for meat and poultry dishes. This is how it is used in Europe, especially in Slavic countries.
The final inedibility of the false puffball occurs from the moment when its flesh ceases to be pure white when cut. (M. Vishnevsky).Let me remind you once again: false puffballs are poisonous, however, only if you eat them in large quantities. In the Czech guide to mushrooms of J. Klan it is written that “for the sake of a strong spicy taste, young mushrooms are used instead of roots in the preparation of soups and sauces.” These are truly inscrutable human whims! For the sake of an exotic taste, sacrifice the health of your stomach? (M. Sergeeva).
We conclude: the degree of poisoning by false puffballs depends, first of all, on the number of mushrooms eaten.
False raincoats are easy to distinguish from edible species. False puffballs usually have warty-scaly, dense skin of a yellowish-ochre color, which may have small cracks. In older mushrooms, the skin dries out, breaks, and no longer holds the spores underneath.
False raincoats often grow in nests (photo from Wikipedia)
The color of the flesh of young mushrooms, according to most authors, is yellowish or light olive even at a young age. A marble pattern with white veins can be seen on it. central part The false raincoat darkens as it matures, becoming first gray-violet, then almost black. The pulp of even adult puffballs retains its density. Everyone notes an unpleasant, pungent odor.
Mushroom pickers who have not collected puffballs before should not take risks and not collect mushrooms with elongated false legs that grow in nests. To be on the safe side, it is better not to take raincoats with clearly yellow or brown skin. Especially when it is covered with rough growths and has noticeable cracks. The unpleasant smell should also stop.
Which raincoats taste better?
Edible puffballs are eaten while they are young. They then have tasty, dense white flesh, which is located under the skin (smooth or with growths). In an adult mushroom, the pulp changes its quality and color. It becomes looser, often sticky, gray or greenish-yellow. Old mushrooms are filled with spores. The shell of their fruiting body becomes thin, dries and is easily broken. Then the mushroom becomes dusty, releases a cloud of spores and settles on the ground. It is worth saying that raincoats grow up quickly.
As you know, a young raincoat is hard and strong to the touch, and when cut, it is white as sour cream. At this time, you can, without any doubt, put it in the frying pan. The roast will be fragrant with an excellent mushroom aroma. With age, the pulp of the puffball begins to turn slightly yellow, becomes watery, when pressed with a finger, it does not spring back, and does not try to straighten out. At this stage, raincoats should no longer be taken. (V.A. Soloukhin).
Few people find a ripe raincoat appetizing.
How to prepare a raincoat?
Puffballs are a great addition to any mushroom mixture. When prepared separately, raincoats will not be to everyone's liking (due to their specific taste). Another thing - giant raincoat. One such mushroom can be the reason for a separate party! (A. Schwab).
I love this mushroom. True, I only take smooth young white “balls”. A skillet of fried puffballs is a delicious and satisfying meal. This mushroom tastes a little like something between mushrooms, scrambled eggs and... chicken meat. The flavor of the protein is enhanced when the puffball is fried with butter or ghee.
I don't like raincoats boiled, but fried. They can be cut into pieces, slices or circles and placed in a frying pan with oil. Sometimes before frying, large slices up to 2 cm thick are rolled in flour or breadcrumbs. They can be salted and even peppered beforehand. Whole balls fried in oil are also tasty. First, fry on one side until beautifully golden brown, then turn over or roll over to the other side. This takes a little time. Especially if you fry the mushroom in a frying pan with a lid.
It is worth saying that almost all raincoats have a skin that resembles either a skin or an eggshell. It's better to remove it.
V.A. Soloukhin described in detail the condition of a man who always considered all raincoats toadstools:
I remember with what embarrassment I brought home the first raincoats, how my wife refused to fry them, and with what interest I tried them for the first time. And now for me this is the most common edible and tasty mushroom, of course, when there are no boletus, chanterelles or aspen mushrooms in the forest. But even when you have them, it’s a good idea to add some strong young raincoats to the pan for a bouquet.
Let us once again appreciate the culinary merits of the giant puffball while its flesh is pure white. During this period, the mushroom competes with the noble mushrooms themselves. The “ball” is peeled and fried, soup is made from it and dried. Other raincoats, even pearl ones, are also suitable for drying.
V.A. Soloukhin quotes one of his readers, who not only describes the method of preparing raincoats, but also compares the methods of processing them:
I really love raincoats. When fried, they are actually a little inferior to white ones. To make the dish more tender, it is better to remove the rough shell of some of them. The golovach is oblong - gently crush it in your hands, and the shell cracks and comes off, like the shell from a hard-boiled egg. It is best to do this under the tap. In some spherical puffballs, the shell can be peeled off like peeling an orange. The best one - prickly - does not cause any worries at all: cut it into a frying pan. I dry them successfully. By grinding them into powder, you can make an excellent soup from them.
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The real puffball comes from the Latin “Lycoperdon” which means “puffball mushroom” from the Champignon family. The mushrooms got their name from their rapid appearance after rains. The mushroom has two stages of development - it is a young mushroom, which is characterized by young, dense and white pulp suitable for consumption. These are popularly called hare potatoes and bee sponges. The second mature stage is a powdery mass in the form of brown dust, not suitable for consumption. At this time, mushrooms are popularly called grandfather's tobacco, tobacco mushroom, dust mushroom or fluff mushroom.
The stem and cap are missing. The body is edible, oval or round in shape. The size of the mushroom can vary - from a pea of 1.5 cm to 24 cm. Fruit formation continues from May to November. Raincoats grow in groups or clusters in deciduous and coniferous forests central Russia, in fields, meadows, pastures. Mushroom smell and taste.
Preparation and storage of raincoats
Puffballs should be harvested when their flesh is white. Processing and storage are no different from cap mushrooms: dry, fry, cook, preserve. The powder of mature puffballs is prepared and stored in a dry place in a glass jar in medicinal purposes for covering wounds and bedsores.
Use in everyday life
Mature raincoats are used in gardening to combat aphids and many garden pests.
Composition and medicinal properties of puffball mushrooms
- Ergosterol, which is part of the raincoat, has a healing effect for eczema, venous congestion and digestive disorders.
- Calvacin has an antitumor effect and suppresses the formation of both benign and malignant neoplasms. The mushroom has proven itself in the treatment of fibroids and thyroid tumors.
- Raincoat extracts are actively used against the human immunodeficiency virus and the removal of toxins in kidney disease, hepatitis, and dysbacteriosis.
- Raincoats are used to treat kidney disease and stop bleeding. Young and old mushrooms are used for these purposes. Either the white pulp of a young mushroom is applied to the wound and thrombophlebitis ulcers, or sprinkled with the powder of an old one - the wound does not fester and heals quickly.
- For cosmetic purposes, puffball extract gives the skin firmness, elasticity and a healthy color.
- Preventive use of a raincoat is recommended for those who work in enterprises chemical industry and is at risk for sarcoidosis and fluoride.
- The raincoat removes radionuclides from the body due to the structural features of the fungal cell.
The use of puffball mushrooms in folk medicine
Raincoat Tincture
Fill half a 0.5 liter bottle with ripened raincoats and add vodka. Leave for 40 days. Drink a teaspoon at night for diseases of the liver, stomach, kidneys, as an antitumor agent.
Tincture for multiple sclerosis
Dried and crushed puffballs, saffron milk caps, White mushroom 10 g of each pour 750 g of Cahors and leave for 7 days. Take 1 tablespoon 4 times a day until positive changes occur.
Ointment for tumors
Collect the pulp after infusion, mix with lard and bring to a boil, stirring thoroughly. Once cooled, arrange the jars and store in the refrigerator. Apply the ointment to a napkin and apply it to the location of the cancer tumor overnight.
Lotion for skin diseases
Fill a liter jar with the product and fill it with a mixture of 100 g of water and 100 g of vodka. Leave for 2 weeks and then add 10 drops essential oil – tea tree and lavender.
Face masks
Grind fresh mushrooms in a mortar and apply to your face - firmness and elasticity are guaranteed.
Contraindications for use
- It is prohibited to collect mushrooms along roadsides and in polluted areas.
- It is not recommended for pregnant and nursing mothers, as well as people with kidney failure.
Today we will introduce you to very interesting, useful, and also delicious mushroom, which is called a raincoat.
Description
Quite often, mushroom pickers call this mushroom differently. The most popular names are tobacco mushroom, dust mushroom or hare potato. This phenomenon is associated with various factors, which we will not go into details.
But it is important to know that this particular mushroom is characterized by increased activity in absorbing toxins from environment. In this component, it is several times superior to its “relatives”.
Belongs to the Champignon family, has a closed pear-shaped or rounded body. The leg is false. The skin grows tightly to the upper part of the plant, thereby creating inner pulp. When ripe, voids appear there - a kind of chamber. They collect a lot of spores in the form of powder. They may have different colors.
In a mature puffball, the peridium is quite thin, which causes it to rupture and allow the powder to fall out.
Appearance You can see the raincoat and where it grows in the video.
Kinds
The raincoat has quite a few subspecies, but among them there are several main ones.
Spiky
It can often be found in the forest and meadows. There is a characteristic tubercle on the mushroom cap in its upper part.
The name is due to the surface of the mushroom. She has White color and small spines that fall off easily.
Giant
Another type of raincoat distinctive feature which consists in size and ovoid or spherical shape. The mushroom may have a white or yellow-gray color.
Quite often, fallen shells collect on it, which makes the plant not very attractive. However, it can mature up to 7 kilograms.
Golovach
Oblong
It is somewhat reminiscent of the previous species, but its shape is club-shaped, the upper part is thickened, and the lower part is narrowed. This mushroom is sterile.
Where does it grow
Such a mushroom, in fact, has no specific geography or origin. He is well known in Russia. Raincoats can be found everywhere, but not everyone knows about its features, valuable medicinal properties.
However, there are references to this plant, according to which puffball has been used since ancient times, using its healing properties.
Storage method
Having collected mushrooms, they will retain beneficial features no more than two days.
So you need to put them in the refrigerator right away. To increase shelf life, place in the freezer, but cut the mushroom into slices first.
The product can be stored in the freezer for up to 6 months. Only pickled raincoat or dried raincoat lasts longer - about a year.
If you need this mushroom from a medicinal point of view, then you need the powder from the ripe puffball. It should be stored in glassware in a dry place out of direct sunlight.
Peculiarities
In fact, there are more than enough features and a raincoat. But I still want to highlight the most interesting points.
First of all, it serves a great assistant for our health. Key Feature lies in the ability to absorb radionuclides, as well as heavy metal salts, after which quickly and easily, naturally remove these “nasties” from the body.
It is because of this that many dietary supplements are created based on raincoat. The authors of this drug are confident that it promotes healing, cleansing the body, as well as restoring the skin and giving it elasticity.
How to choose
When going for mushrooms, few mushroom pickers dare to bend down to pick off the raincoat. Quite often they are simply neglected. Moreover, many deliberately crush, kick and destroy it.
This is due to the fact that many people mistake it for being dangerous. poisonous mushroom. This is not true, and today we will talk about this in detail.
If you decide to pick mushrooms and your goal is a raincoat, then you need to know important rule. You cannot collect it if the weather is damp. Otherwise, your initially snow-white beauty will literally turn into a kind of dirty rag in just a couple of hours, which cannot be eaten.
Suitable for cooking are young “individuals” that are not soaked or boiled in order to remove harmful substances. They simply don't exist. So feel free to throw it in a frying pan, into the oven, dry it, salt it and eat it.
The young puffball, edible, has a rather unusual appearance for edible mushrooms - the body is spherical, white, with small scales on top. Its false leg, which can reach no more than 5 cm in length and 2 cm in diameter, may be absent.
When the mushroom ripens, a brown coating forms on the surface and it becomes smooth.
Choose exclusively young mushrooms, the flesh of which is elastic and dense. Don't be afraid to collect different kinds raincoat, since each of them can be eaten.
An old mushroom is dangerous because it intensively absorbs toxins. It's best not to assemble it near highways, since the exhaust from cars is not the most pleasant thing to experience.
Nutritional value and calorie content
As you know, mushrooms are very dietary product. And the raincoat was no exception. For 100 grams of this mushroom there is:
Chemical composition
In respect of chemical composition puffball is not inferior to many other mushrooms, and in some components even surpasses them. For example, it has more protein than our favorite champignons.
It is worth noting that the mushroom includes:
- Fats;
- Complex of vitamins;
- Useful micro- and macroelements;
- Polysaccharides;
- Mineral salts;
- Antibiotics, etc.
Useful and healing properties
This mushroom should be appreciated not only for its taste, but also for the benefits it carries.
- The pulp contains calvacin, which fights bacteria and fungi, has an anti-cancer effect, and reduces the activity of tumor development.
- Preparations made from spores remove heavy metals, radionuclides, and toxins from the body.
- The pulp can be used externally as well as internally. External use involves applying it to ulcers that appear due to skin cancer. For internal use, tinctures and decoctions are used. They relieve fever, inflammation, swelling in the throat, fight kidney problems, and help suppress the development of cancer.
- Spore-based products help with gastrointestinal problems, high blood pressure, blood viscosity, have an immunostrengthening effect.
- Spores also help stop bleeding, relieve pain, and heal festering lesions on the body.
In fact, there are incredibly many benefits from this mushroom, which is why mushroom pickers underestimate it in vain.
Contraindications
There are several nuances that relate to a raincoat and its use.
- Do not collect these mushrooms in places located in close proximity to polluted areas, factories, or highways. The raincoat actively absorbs toxins so you can go;
- During pregnancy and lactation, it is better to avoid mushrooms;
- If you have kidney problems, then this mushroom is not for you;
- Another condition under which a raincoat cannot be used is individual intolerance.
Application
In cooking
What else can you do with a mushroom other than eat it? After all, it’s tasty and healthy. Mushrooms can be an excellent substitute for meat and many other foods when on a diet.
How to cook
How to prepare raincoats:
- Pickle;
- Fry;
- Marinate;
- Bake;
- Put out;
- Boil and so on.
But first they need to be prepared. To do this, remove the skin from the white fruits. Cut the resulting pulp into pieces you like.
Fried mushrooms
After completing the previous manipulations, chopping the mushrooms, roll them in flour, add a little salt and fry in simple vegetable oil. A special sauce goes well with this dish.
To prepare the sauce, you need to finely chop Bell pepper, add finely chopped capers, green onions, as well as pickled or pickled cucumbers. Mix all this with mayonnaise, add salt to your taste, as well as fresh lemon juice. To add some spice, we recommend adding a little soy sauce.
Pour this sauce over your mushrooms, and your guests will be delighted with such a simple but incredibly tasty dish.
soup
If you are a fan mushroom soups, then the raincoat will open up new horizons for you.
Take the prepared chicken broth, add sauteed carrots and onions to it. Mushrooms need to be cut into slices, although this is not essential. They are fried in a frying pan, thrown into the broth and cooked for literally 10 minutes.
The soup will be even tastier if you add fresh herbs and a little canned peas. The result exceeds all expectations.
Raincoat under sour cream
This is a great stand-alone dish. But it is also very tasty to eat with boiled rice.
The following ingredients are needed:
- Mushrooms - 0.5 kg;
- Sour cream - 0.2 l;
- Potatoes - 0.3 kg;
- Onions - 2 pcs.
Plus you will need vegetable oil and seasonings to taste. The indicated amount of ingredients is enough for about four large servings.
Preparation is carried out as follows:
- Peel the potatoes, boil them by adding salt to the water;
- Peel the mushrooms, rinse thoroughly, cut as you like;
- Fry the mushrooms in a frying pan for 25 minutes;
- Peel and chop the onion, fry in a separate frying pan until golden brown;
- Place the onion in the mushrooms, add salt and pepper as desired. Mix everything and fry for 15 minutes;
- About 5 minutes before the mushrooms are ready, add sour cream. Mix the ingredients and let them simmer a little over low heat.
Well, now you can serve it to the table. These mushrooms are great for young potatoes or crumbly steamed rice. Choose for yourself which side dish you like best.
In medicine
Alas, mushroom pickers are not particularly aware of the true properties of the raincoat. But medical experts will confirm that eating raincoat is not just tasty, but also very healthy.
We have already talked about the positive and healing properties. Therefore, now we bring to your attention several recipes for medicinal tinctures and decoctions prepared on the basis of raincoats.
- Powders. They can be purchased at pharmacies. You need to consume 1 tsp, diluting with half a glass of water, once every day before bed. In case of severe poisoning - 1/2 tsp. 8 times during the day.
- Infusion. Take a dessert spoon of spore powder, pour 200 ml of water (it should not be boiling water, but about 70 degrees). You need to insist for 40 minutes in a porcelain bowl. Drink half a glass twice a day before meals.
- Tincture. The proportions of spores and vodka are 1 to 5. The mixture is infused for 2 weeks in a warm place protected from the sun. Drink 1 tsp three times a day before meals. The course lasts no more than 28 days, after which a week break is required.
- For cancer. Mix a glass of powder with 500 ml of vodka. Close the jar tightly, bury it in the ground, where it should stand for 24 days at a depth of 0.3 m. Then dig it up and strain (do not shake the jar). Use the product three times a day before meals. Serving - 1 tbsp. l.
- From purulent wounds. Treat the wound with peroxide, blot it with a medical bandage, and then sprinkle it with spores. Do not tie the wound, as pus will continue to leak out over the next few days. Remove it, disinfect it, and spray the spores again. Once the wound is clean, the healing process will begin. A similar procedure can be done 2-3 times during the day. Treat yourself until you get rid of the wound.
- From a runny nose. If you have a severe runny nose, and simple remedies do not help or are simply not available, simply inhale the spores from a raincoat 2-3 times a day. This will quickly relieve nasal congestion and eliminate an unpleasant runny nose.
Growing
As practice shows, their use gives positive results, although at their own summer cottage It is better to use the simplest method.
To do this you will need arguments. They need to be sown in moist soil. The site should resemble the conditions in which the raincoat grows. That is, the grass is not thick, there is a lot of shade from trees, fallen leaves.
If you have ever collected raincoats in the forests, then pay attention to what is different about the place where you found them. If you manage to repeat the same conditions, you will ensure yourself an impressive harvest.
The fruits will appear a year after sowing the spores. To ensure fruiting does not stop, periodically add spores to your chosen area. It's not difficult to get them, but you will have your own mushrooms every season.
Edible or not
Many mushroom pickers do not dare to say for sure whether the raincoat is edible or dangerous to humans. It is because of this that he is often crushed or passed by when going into the forest to pick mushrooms.
So this is edible mushroom at 100%. However, it must be consumed when it is young, when the flesh is white. Before eating, be sure to remove the shell. The pulp inside is delicious, which we recommend checking for yourself. There are many ways to prepare it.
If you go mushroom picking and are afraid to make a mistake in choosing a raincoat, here are a couple of tips:
- The pulp should be exclusively white, without adding other shades.
- The pulp should have a dense, elastic structure. With age, it loses hardness, and determining this by touch will not be a problem.
- The inside of the mushroom should have a uniform consistency. To do this, you can deal to break it.
- Structure edible raincoat does not have a pronounced cap and stem.
- There should be no signs of developing spores inside.
- In order not to confuse the raincoat and the young fly agaric, cut the mushroom. Our hero does not have a long leg, cap or plates.
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