Hello to all blog site readers! Today I have prepared for you a lot of interesting things about the creation of reserves in Africa, a little about this incredible beauty of nature, about all the animals living there, etc. Enjoy ...
Due to the irresponsible attitude of man to nature, many species of the once richest flora and fauna of the African continent have irrevocably disappeared from the face of the planet. National parks and reserves are created on the "black continent" to prevent such a devastation of nature.
National parks of Africa.
Almost 4% (about 1,170,880 sq. Km) of the entire territory of Africa was taken under protection by 1990. Pongola - the first African nature reserve, was established back in 1894 in South Africa, although relatively recently, most of all current protected areas have appeared.
862 940 sq. km of the continent, according to The International Union conservation and natural resources(MSOPR), is under full protection, and excludes any mining and forestry operations.
These areas are located National parks(where visitors are allowed only with minimal changes to the landscape), natural monuments, nature reserves and other attractions.
Partial protection extends to the remaining 307,940 sq. km, this means that in these territories the land can be used for resort and tourist infrastructure and for some types of mining operations.
There are many protected areas throughout Africa, but in the South and East of the continent there are the most picturesque and extensive reserves, some of which have been classified by UNESCO as World Natural and Cultural Heritage.
World Heritage of Humanity.
601 protected areas with an area of over 1000 hectares, there are in Africa. The International Committee world heritage site 26 of them are included in the official List of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage of Humanity.
The objects on this List are "Outstanding value of worldwide importance" due to their cultural and historical importance, natural features or a combination of all of these factors.
World Heritage Sites in the early 80s. last century, were declared together with the adjacent protected area in central and northern Tanzania.
In the southeast of Algeria, Tassili-Ajer with a combination of cultural monuments and unique natural conditions- is another site on the World Heritage List. This sandstone plateau, due to erosion of the rock, dotted with bizarre patterns, is known for its unique geological formations.
Scientists have found samples on these formations rock painting which have been perfectly preserved. At 10 thousand years, the age of the drawings is approximately determined, the climate of the Sahara at that time was quite rainy, and succulent grasses grew on the territory of the present desert.
North Africa.
In most of the countries of North Africa until the 60s of the XX century, there were almost no protected areas. In 1884, only in Tunisia appeared civil service forestry, and subsequently hunting restrictions were imposed. And in Algeria in 1923, the first North American national park.
Today, to protect certain species of animals, national parks have been created in North Africa. For example, in the Taza National Park - Berber macaques, in the Toubkal Park, in the middle of the High Atlas ridge in Morocco - representatives of the mountain fauna, in the Tenere and Ayr natural reserves in Nigeria - oryxes and rare Mendes antelopes.
Several nature reserves have also been created in the coastal areas of this region. For example, on the coast of Mauritania, Ban d'Argen is a wetland where millions of birds winter. The rarest Berber deer and caracals are found in the same wetland in the Algerian El-Kala National Park.
Deforestation, combined with overgrazing and drought in the depleted grasslands of the Sahel Plain, have caused tremendous damage to the wilderness of North Africa. This effect was further exacerbated by wars, including in Algeria, where chemical defoliants were actively used during the fighting for independence in 1952-1962. Awareness of the need for conservation is increasing with the importance of tourism for the development of these countries.
West and Central Africa.
In one of the most densely populated areas - West Africa, demographic growth has led to the disappearance of a significant part of the rainforests and savannas that once existed there, and therefore many biological species.
In 100 years, up to 90% of forests in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Nigeria and Cote d'Ivoire have been cleared due to logging. Even in the forests of Tai National Park, in Côte d'Ivoire, poaching, prospecting for gold deposits and logging continue. Environmentalists in a number of countries are actively looking for the best ways to protect the environment, which would be consistent with the needs of the population, often living in poverty.
In 1979, a campaign was organized under the project "Mountain Gorilla", the purpose of which was: to form the local population respectful attitude to nature. One of the most populous countries is Rwanda.
A 1980 study in Rwanda found that plots Volcanoes National Park, habitats of unique gorillas - more than half of Rwandan farmers would not mind using them to create farms there.
Almost all villages were traveled by environmentalists, convincing local residents in the need to save gorillas, in particular, pointing out the importance of these animals for the development of one of the main sources of jobs in the country - tourism.
The same survey in 1984 showed that the number of those wishing to use the park's land for agricultural needs had already decreased to 18%. The gorilla population began to increase by the end of the 80s, but in the 90s. mass migration of residents and the war, brought all previous efforts to zero.
East Africa.
It is quite difficult to protect and manage forest reserves, and not everyone is allowed to see animals there. Therefore, in Africa, the most popular nature reserves are in the savannah - a tropical steppe with rare individual trees.
Both carnivores (leopards, lions, cheetahs) and herbivores (rhinos, antelopes, elephants, buffaloes, giraffes, zebras, gazelles, etc.), a lot of wild animals are found in the savannah of East Africa.
Savannah jackals, wild dogs and hyenas feed on carrion. Crowds of tourists are of course attracted by this diversity of fauna. In Kenya in 1990, tourism revenue was US $ 467 million, more than the combined volume of the country's two main exports, tea and coffee.
IUCN in 1990 compiled a list of 36 protected areas in Kenya, including 3 national parks of historical and archaeological importance, 3 marine national parks and 16 large national reserves, reserves and parks.
Tied along the Nairobi-Mombasa road, Tsavo Park is the largest national park. This park is famous unique population elephants, Tsavo park area - 20 807 sq. km.
Nairobi National Park, located only 6 km from the capital of Kenya, the area of the park is only 114 square meters. km., but despite this size, on its territory the park accommodates an amazing variety of animal species, including lions, leopards and cheetahs and natural environments.
Not so much tourism is developed in Tanzania as in Kenya, however, there is truly a huge potential in reserves and reserves in this country. Tanzania has 6 large national parks (in addition to the Ngorongoro crater and the famous Serengeti) and several game reserves, which the status of national parks, may well be assigned in the near future.
Serengeti- a national park in northern Tanzania, one of the largest parks in the world. It is located 320 km from Arusha, at an altitude of 910 m to 1820 m above sea level, its area is 1.3 million hectares. "Serengeti" in the Maasai language means "endless plains".
The Serengeti is the first of all African reserves. the total animals and the number of species that inhabit it. More than 1.5 million heads large mammals, mainly ungulates, live within the reserve.
About 35 different types animals can be seen here, including “ big five"- leopards and lions, elephants, hippos and buffaloes. Other animals include rhinos, giraffes, zebras, Thomson's and Grant's gazelles, wildebeest, cheetahs, hyenas, crocodiles, baboons and other monkeys, as well as more than 500 species of birds - yabiru stork, flamingos and others.
- an extinct shield volcano, up to 2338 m high, is located near the western edge of the Rift Zone, in northern Tanzania, on the border with Kenya. The steep cliffs of the crater walls border on spacious valleys covered with bushes and grass.
Spread around the Ngorongoro crater, the reserve covers an area of about 800 thousand hectares, after it received the official status of the International Protected Area and Biosphere Reserve, its importance has increased.
This area was once part of the national Serengeti park, but as a reserve, it performs two main tasks - preserving the natural resources of the region, as well as protecting the interests and traditional way of life of the Masai tribe, which grazes large herds here. cattle, goats and sheep.
The center of the reserve is the Ngorongoro Caldera, one of the largest calderas in the world. Her total area- 264 km 2, depth - 970 to 1800 m, length 22 km. Two destroyed craters are located in the south-western part, one of these craters is filled with Lake Magadi-Ngorongoro.
The savannah feeds many different herbivores, especially during the dry season, when there is enough food for more than 2 million herbivores. different sizes... As a catalog of African fauna, the list of animals begins here: zebra, wildebeest, buffalo, Thomson's and Grant's gazelles, giraffe, eland and warthog, two-horned rhino, elephant.
Most of these animals roam in the Serengeti, while others, such as the hippopotamus, live near swamps and. Where there is a lot of prey, there are also predators; Ngorongoro Reserve maintains populations of spotted hyena, lion, jackal, leopard, cheetah and serval.
There are some wonderful parks in Uganda, but in the 70s - 80s. last century, during civil wars, they were inflicted huge damage, and the desperate population, so as not to starve to death, shot many animals.
South Africa.
The continental part of South Africa can be safely attributed to the list of the most unique protected regions in the world. About 7% of the territory is under state protection, although in the 80s - 90s. during the civil wars in Mozambique and Angola, wildlife has left its mark.
Botswana has the largest concentration of game parks and wildlife sanctuaries, with 17% of the country's territory being protected. Back in the 90s. XX in the environmental movement originated in Africa. Of the 43 state-protected areas, by 1929, 27 were in South Africa.
The most famous national park in the region originates from the Sabi and Shingwedzi reserves. The merger of these reserves happened with the adoption of the law on national parks in 1926, on the territory of the then Transvaal - a province in the north-east of the region.
Occupying an area of 19,485 sq. km, the Kruger Park on its territory sheltered great amount using the variety of natural environments of animals. Such rare species of animals as white rhinos are found in this park.
In South Africa, according to the ISNR, in 1990 there were 178 protected areas with a total area of 63,100 square meters. km, this is 5.2% of the total area of the country. In addition to the Kruger Park, the picturesque Golden Gate Highlands, the Kalahari Gemsbok, through which the migration routes of a huge number of antelopes pass, and the Addo Elephant National Park near Port Elizabeth are famous.
Zimbabwe and Madagascar.
Marvelous picturesque park Victoria Falls and Zambezi National Park are adjacent to Zimbabwe. - one of the most remarkable reserves in the world, inhabited by rare animals, located in the north-west of the country. Great national monument nature and park Zimbabwe - is of extremely important historical interest.
The number of living animals affects the island of Madagascar in the east of Africa. It is the insular nature of the state that determines the uniqueness of this biodiversity.
For many millennia, the Madagascar fauna and flora has evolved and enriched with new species. But for the environment, the destructive impact of civilization did not pass by - 45 species and subspecies of the rarest lemurs are under the threat of extinction, and almost 4/5 of the forests were cut down.
The country does not have sufficient resources to ensure control over the observance of environmental legislation, even despite the creation of natural reserves in 1927.
Forecast.
Many serious problems are facing African ecologists, caused by the growth of the agro-industrial potential of countries and demographic factors. But there are still grounds for optimism.
It can be expected, especially in tourism-dependent countries, that the area of protected areas will still expand. It is also encouraging that among African population awareness of the benefits of environmental protection is growing: public organizations for environmental protection are being created everywhere.
The creation of biosphere reserves is a reflection of the current trend in nature conservation. In these reserves, the central section is fully protected, it is surrounded by a buffer zone and further - by the outer territory, industrial exploitation and tourist visits are allowed.
Modern technology plays an important role. Radio tracking devices record the migrations of animals, and any changes in the nature of vegetation are noted by satellite devices. Large animals, if necessary, are immobilized and transported to a safe place, and rare species allowed to breed in captivity, then releasing them into their usual habitat.
And yet it seems to me that this is a fairy tale ... It is so tempting and beautiful there, lakes, volcanoes, pink flamingos... Oh ... I JUST WANT THERE !!!
African National Park Tai (Tai Forest National Park) is located in the southwest of Cote d'Ivoire, on the border with Liberia. The area of the park is one of the last tracts of wild selva West Africa... The total area of the park is 5330 km².
Located in Central Kenya, 140 km from Nairobi, Lake Nakuru National Park was founded in 1960, and was originally considered as nature reserve for birds. In 1968 the reserve received the status of a national park. Recently, in order to combat poachers, the territory of the park has been expanded. The total area of the park is 188 km². The ecosystem of the park is formed around Lake Nakuru, surrounded by forest and meadows.
East Tsavo / Tsavo / Tsavo National Park is one of the oldest and largest national parks in Africa, located in Central Kenya, between Nairobi and east coast... The name of the park comes from the Tsavo River, which flows through the park. Together with Tsavo West Park, the reserve occupies 4% of the entire territory of Kenya and is one of the largest national parks in the world. The total area of the park is 11,747 km ². The park was founded in April 1948.
One of the most visited reserves in Africa, Masai Mara, is located in southwestern Kenya, 224 km from Nairobi and is a de facto continuation of the larger Serengeti National Park. The name of the reserve comes from the traditional population of the area - the Masai tribe, as well as from the name of the river Mara flowing through its territory. The total area of the reserve is 1510 km2. The reserve is located in the region of the East African Rift System. The territory of the reserve is mainly covered with grassy savanna with acacia groves.
West Coast National Park is located on the southwestern coast of South Africa, 120 km from Cape Town. The total area of the park is 27,500 hectares, including the Langebaan lagoon (6,000 hectares). The park is close to the city of Iserfontein, the coast Atlantic Ocean and the R27 motorway.
The largest of the reserves of Tanzania and Africa, Selous is located in the southeastern part of Tanzania. The total area of the park is 54,600 km², which is about 5% of the territory of Tanzania. The Rufiji River flows in the area of the park. Northern part The river is the most developed tourist area of the park, in the southern part there are reserves for safari with hunting for animals. The park is in many ways an expensive place, designed for tourists with funds.
One of oldest nature reserves Africa - Garamba National Park (French - Parc national de la Garamba) is located in the northeast Democratic Republic Congo. The area of the park is 4920 km². One of the main attractions of the park is one of the rarest subspecies of the white rhinoceros living here - the northern white rhinoceros.
One of the most famous and oldest nature reserves in Africa is the Kruger National Park, located in the north of South Africa. Since 2001, the Kruger Park has been part of the Kruger-tou-Canyons Biosphere Reserve. The territory of the park is located in the east of the Transvaal in the area between the rivers Limpopo and Krokodilovaya. The length of the park is 340 km. The territory of the park is divided into three zones (northern, central and southern) formed by the course of the Sabi and Olifats rivers. The total area of the reserve is 18 989 km².
Located in the northwest of Rwanda, Volcanoes National Park is bordered by Virunga National Parks and Mgahinga National Parks located in Congo and Uganda, respectively. The park is mainly known for its mountain gorillas. There are five volcanoes in the park: Karisimbi, Bisoke, Mukhabura, Gakhinga and Sabinho. The total area of the park is 130 km².
One of the youngest national parks in Africa - Marakele National Park, located in the north of South Africa, in the Waterberg mountains, 250 km from Johannesburg, in the province of Limpopo. The park is a biosphere reserve. The total area of the park is 670 km², but in soon expansion of the territory to the north is planned.
“There are sharks in Africa, gorillas in Africa, big evil crocodiles in Africa…” - it's hard to forget that mixture of childish curiosity and fear associated with this mysterious and therefore alluring distant land. Even as adults, we experience the interest left in our minds from childhood: what kind of continent is this with its outlandish exotic beauties?
Unfortunately, African evergreen rainforests, silent deserts, haughty mountains, rumbling waterfalls, grassy savannas and their inhabitants have come to need protection. This is understood not only by the governments of African countries, but also by many people who come from all over the world for volunteer work, which the reserves and national parks of Africa accept with gratitude. Their enthusiasm and unselfish work allowed the preservation of many species of plants and animals.
The first state structure for nature conservation in Africa was created in Tunisia in 1884, and only 40 years later, the first national park, Taza, was founded here. Currently, there are more than 600 national parks, natural monuments and reserves protected by states on the continent, and 26 of them are included in the UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage List. In them, it is forbidden not only to hunt, but also to carry out any work related to changing the landscape. The rest of the areas are partially guarded; resort and tourist activities are allowed on them. Basically, the protected areas lie in the eastern and southern parts of the continent. The largest number of nature reserves are in Kenya, a country in eastern Africa.
On a vast territory of more than 20 thousand square meters. km, occupying 4% of the total area of Kenya, in 1948 was founded one of the largest national parks in Africa - Tsavo. On its territory there is a railway line connecting the capital of Nairobi with the popular seaside resort of Mombasa.
The road divides the park into two zones - western and eastern.
The western part is more suitable for civilized recreation. There are luxury hotels here, many of which have their own airstrip. East End- although drier, but no less interesting for tourists.
Visitors to the park are accompanied by rangers who gladly and proudly introduce tourists to the Yatta highlands, the Mzima springs, the Ngulia mountain range, the Tsavo and Galana rivers, the Idave hill and other natural attractions.
Especially impressive is the Yatta Highlands, which was formed during the eruption of the Ol Doinio Sabuk volcano and is a 300-kilometer flow of solidified lava.
Another place worth visiting is the Mzima springs, which emit more than 500 million liters of water from the bowels of the earth every day.
This area is famous for its dense vegetation and exotic animals, whose life can be observed through the huge transparent wall of the underwater observatory, which receives tourists.
The flora of this vast territory is diverse. Thorny bushes grow in savannas, and palms, baobabs, tamarind trees, acacias, reeds and many other plants grow along river banks. The park is famous for its fauna. More than 60 species of animals live here: elephants, buffaloes, antelopes, giraffes, rhinos, lions and cheetahs. There are hippos and crocodiles along the river banks.
Tsavo National Park is very popular among tourists; more than 250 thousand people visit it every year.
Another, also very popular among tourists, Kenyan national park is Aberdare, located on the territory of the mountain range of the same name.
Aberdare is proud of his picturesque landscapes: forests giant trees, crystal-clear waterfalls on icy rivers, heathery wastelands, bamboo jungles - all this can be admired forever. This park is included in the UNESCO list.
The significant height above sea level (about 3000 meters) influenced the flora and fauna of Aberdare. The impenetrable forests are home to elephants, monkeys, rhinos, buffaloes, leopards and many other animals. The visit to the park is limited to a small lowland, on which there are two hotels.
From their observation platforms, curious tourists can observe animal life and enjoy the beauty of the wild, revealing in all its splendor.
The highest single peak in the world that tourists can walk along is Mount Kilimanjaro, one of the three Kibo peaks rises above sea level at 5895 m.
The other two are called Shira and Mavenzi. The foot of the mountain is also located quite high - at an altitude of 1830 meters. It's asleep but not dormant volcano, which sometimes makes menacing sounds and throws a cloud of gases through the crater.
beauty the surrounding nature Kilimanjaro National Park is complemented by a wealth of wildlife. Here are found: elephants, rhinos, leopards, lions, as well as several types of monkeys. The world of birds and insects is so diverse that it has always attracted researchers and biologists here.
The small Central African country of Rwanda is famous for its natural attraction, it is the Volcanic National Park, which occupies a relatively small area of 130 sq. km. It was here that the shooting of the Hollywood film "Gorillas in the Fog", which was released in 1988, took place.
The park is located at an altitude of 2400-4500 m above sea level, it is unique place where very rare great apes- mountain black gorillas.
There are only about 650 of them in the whole the globe, half of them live here.
The territory of the park is bordered by the country of Zaire, with which a partisan war has been waged for several years. There are rare mines in the park, which do not particularly frighten tourists, but cause irreparable harm to monkeys.
Tourism is organized quite well here, there are hotels and excursions. For example, in the dry season, vacationers are offered a hike to the extinct volcanoes of the stretching mountain range, from where they can admire all the splendor of the surrounding nature.
In the southwestern part of the country, Uganda, on an area of 330 sq. km is the Bwindi Impenetrable Forest, declared a national park in 1991. Here they are very strict about visiting tourists, watching monkeys can only be accompanied by a guide in groups of up to 6 people.
Despite the rigid framework, the reserve is highly popular, because this is a real African wild jungle, which not only looks mysterious and impassable, but in fact it is.
An excursion through the jungle can be a unique experience. Moving along barely noticeable paths among the silence of tall trees and under the supervision of lurking animals is not for the faint of heart.
The Kruger National Park in South Africa is an excellent example of impeccable wildlife management. Looking at the magnificent nature, it is difficult to imagine how much hardship this land has endured. Anglo-Boer wars, plague epidemics, exterminating all living poaching - in addition to these misfortunes, fugitive convicts, prisoners and criminals hiding from the law chose the territory of the park as their refuge.
In 1900, President Paul Kruger persuaded the Tranvaal Parliament to declare this territory a protected state, hunting was banned here, and a few years later, all residents were evicted from here. The park is a living memorial to Kruger and his associates.
All this is already in the past, and today the protected area of almost 20 thousand square meters. km annually receives more than a million tourists, who are attracted not only by rich nature but also history. Many traces of ancient settlements have been found on the territory of the Kruger Park; there are unique rock paintings dating back to the Stone Age.
Kruger National Park includes as many as six unique ecosystems. This:
- acacia bushveld Lebombo;
- sandy baobab veld;
- bush mapane;
- mixed acacia forest;
- red willow forests;
- river valleys forests.
At first glance, the Kruger National Park can be considered a lost world.
This illusion is only broken by comfortable guest houses equipped with all the benefits of civilization, which are called lodges here. Accommodation in them, like the services of rangers and safari guides, is quite expensive. How could it be otherwise in a national park, which among all the reserves in the world brings the greatest income?
Maltsev Igor
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Africa is a continent with a wide variety of flora and fauna, much more than any other continent on our planet. Thanks to great variety climatic zones From subarctic to tropical, Africa has many habitats: tropical rainforests, savannas, plains and the arid Sahara Desert. Nature reserves in Africa originate from the first state structure for the protection of forests, which was created in Tunisia in 1884, and almost 40 years later, the first Taza National Park was established on the territory of the country. Now in North Africa there are national parks created to protect certain species of animals. African continent has 335 national parks, in which more than 1,100 species of mammals, 100,000 species of insects, 2,600 species of birds and 3,000 species of fish are protected.
Continent: Africa Location: Algeria Taza National Park is one of the smallest protected areas in Algeria. The central natural formation in the park is the Petite Kabylie mountain range. The park also covers 10,500 hectares of Guerrouch forest and 9 km of coast Mediterranean Sea... The climate in the Taza Park is humid Mediterranean, with precipitation from 1000 to 1400 mm per year, and average annual temperature is 18 ° C, temperatures are almost never below freezing. Taza National Park
The flora is quite diverse, but the most common species in the park are the Quercus canary trees, B. afares and Q. Saber, sticky alder, Prunus avium, Salix pedicellata, Fraxinus angustifolia, and Acer monspessulanum. In general, local forests have a different composition and extend from 350 m and 1121 m above sea level. The fauna of the park is capable of surprising, it contains such unique mammals as magots, recognized as endangered species. In addition to primates, the following animals live in the Taza Park: cheetah, maned ram, gundi, caracal, equine and saber-horned antelope, rocky hyrax, sand cat and other mammals. Damans or zhiryaki are not the most typical mammal for Africa, but in the Taza National Park they are found in a large number... The hyrax itself is a small, stocky, herbivore. In Africa, there is a yellow-spotted or mountain hyrax, he is also Daman Bruce. Has the following appearance... The body is elongated by 32.5-56 cm, the weight is approximately equal to 1.3-4.5 kg, and the females are somewhat larger than the males. Mountain hyrax is rather densely built, has a narrower muzzle than other hyraxes, for example, Cape hyraxes. Outwardly, Bruce's daman looks like guinea pig or a groundhog. The hair is dense and coarse, up to 30 mm long, with black tips. The color of the fur is gray or brownish-red, the belly is always different in color - either white or cream. The dorsal gland (up to 1.5 cm long) has yellow... On the muzzle of the hyrax, vibrissae up to 90 mm long grow. Mountain hyrax prefer to settle on rocky hills, talus and mountain slopes. In the mountains, they can be found up to an altitude of 3,800 m above sea level. Mountain hyraxes live in colonies of up to 34 individuals, the basis of this life is the harem, i.e. the group includes one adult male, up to 17 adult females and young animals. Damans are active during the day or in bright moonlit nights... If the hyrax senses danger, it emits shrill screams, thereby giving the rest of the signal to hide. Damans are capable of speeds up to 5 m / s; jump well.
Tsavo National Park Location: Coastal Province, Kenya (between Nairobi and Mombasa) Total area: 22,000 sq. km. Year of foundation: 1944 Tsavo National Park is one of the largest national parks in the world. The park is divided into two zones - Tsavo East and Tsavo West. The landscape of Tsavo East is represented by a grassy savanna with thickets of thorny bushes, as well as a marshy area near the Voi River. Animal world the reserve is very diverse. It is inhabited by: lions, leopards, cheetahs, zebras, giraffes, servals, spotted hyenas, ostriches, gazelles, buffaloes, different kinds antelope. Also, more than 500 species of birds nest on the territory of the park, including migratory ones, which settle here from the end of October to January. Sedentary species also live here: the palm vulture, many types of weavers. So, the largest population of the African elephant lives here, which numbers up to seven thousand individuals. These animals love to douse themselves with red clay, which is why they are often called "red elephants"
Tsavo East The territory of Tsavo East, in fact, is an arid savanna, which is strewn with thickets of bushes and many marshes. Here is the largest plateau on the planet - the Yatta plateau, formed from cooled lava. During a drought, the Aruba Dam, where animals come to drink, almost completely dries up. In this case, the animals go to the Ati River, which, during high water (May, June, November), appears in all its splendor and ends with the seething Lugard Falls. The reservoirs are home to a huge number of Nile crocodiles, which prey on inattentive mammals trying to quench their thirst. In East Tsavo you can see elephants, ostriches, hippos, cheetahs, lions, giraffes, herds of zebras and antelopes. There is a Black Rhino Sanctuary near the waterfall. All conditions have been created here to increase the population of these animals, since due to poachers their number has decreased to fifty individuals. In this part of the park, there is a nesting site for many migratory birds that arrive here at the end of October from Europe. It is home to water cutters, palm vultures, weavers and other birds.
What is Tsavo West? The territory of the Western Tsavo, in comparison with the Eastern, is much smaller. The area of this part of the national park is seven thousand square kilometers. However, there is a rather diverse flora and fauna, about 70 species of mammals live in these parts. The landscape of Tsavo West is more rocky and there is also more variety of vegetation than in the eastern part. Chulu is also located here - these are young mountains that were formed from compressed ash as a result of a volcanic eruption. They rise at a height of two thousand meters and absorb moisture, and then, feeding underground sources, return it to the earth. According to researchers, the age of the youngest mountain is about five hundred years. This part of Tsavo Park is famous for the underground springs of Mzima Springs, which translates as "alive". Using the exit groundwater to the surface, many reservoirs have formed in the reserve, which provide mammals with vital moisture. Swimming hippos can often be found here, and white and black rhinos wander into the green thickets surrounding the lake. The latter can be seen only at night, during their activity, since these animals wait out the heat of the day in the shade of trees.
Serengeti and Ngorongoro National Parks In the southeast of Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, there is another of the famous national reserves in Africa - the Serengeti. By the way, Tanzania is the country with the most reserves in Africa. The Serengeti area is more than 15 thousand square meters. km, it is the largest in the country. The ecosystem of this reserve has been least affected by human activities. On the huge plateau, where the park is located, is home to many species of animals and birds. It is very interesting to watch them, for example, during a safari. Particularly impressive are the spectacles of the migration of animals during periods of drought, when endless live streams move, traversing a total of thousands of kilometers.
The central attraction of the Ngorongoro Nature Reserve in Tanzania, formerly part of the Serengeti Park, is considered to be an extinct ruined crater of an ancient volcano. Its dimensions are striking: diameter - more than 20 km; depth - 610 m; total area - 270 sq. km. It is interesting that the crater has formed its own unique biosystem - many species of animals living here have never been outside it. The total number of animals inhabiting the crater exceeds 25 thousand. Inside the crater is located unusual lake Magadi is salty, formed by hot springs. The lake is inhabited by several interesting species birds, including flamingos, herons and pelicans. On the slope near the crater is the grave of German zoologists Bernhard and Mikael Grzimek, who made a huge contribution to the research, preservation and popularization of the Serengeti and Ngorongoro parks.
Masai Mara National Reserve Masai Mara is a nature reserve in southwestern Kenya. It is the northern continuation of the Serengeti National Park. The reserve is named after the Maasai tribe - the traditional population of the region and the Mara River that divides it. Masai Mara is famous large quantity the animals living in it, as well as the annual migration of wildebeest, which takes place in September and October. The area is 1510 km 2. Located in the East African Rift System, stretching from the Red Sea to South Africa. The Masai Mara landscape is a grassy savanna with acacia groves in the southeastern part. The western border of the reserve is formed by one of the slopes of the rift valley, and it is here that most of the animals live, since the marshland guarantees access to water. The eastern border is located 220 km from Nairobi, which is the most visited by tourists.
The Masai Mara is best known for its large numbers of lions. It is home to the most famous lion pride, which is called the swamp pride. According to unofficial data, it has been monitored since the late 1980s. In the early 2000s, a record was recorded for the number of individuals in one pride - 29 lions. The reserve is home to endangered cheetahs, mainly due to the annoyance of tourists, interfering with their daytime hunting. ... Masai Mara has the largest population of leopards in the world. All other Big Five animals also live in the reserve. The black rhino population is endangered, in 2000 only 37 individuals were recorded. Hippos large groups live in the Mara and Talek rivers. The largest population among the animals of the reserve is wildebeest. Every year, around July, these animals migrate in huge herds north from the Serengeti plains in search of fresh grass, and in October they return to the south. Other antelopes also live in the Masai Mara: Thomson's gazelle, Grant's gazelle, impala, swamps, etc. Zebras and giraffes also live. Masai Mara is major center spotted hyena research. More than 450 bird species have been recorded in the reserve.
Kruger National Park Kruger National Park is one of the largest reserves in Africa and one of the largest national parks in the world. Its area is 19,485 square kilometers. It is also the first national park in South Africa to be opened in 1926, although the park has been protected by the state since 1898. The park is located to the east former province Transvaal between the rivers Limpopo and Crocodil (now the territory of the park is included in the provinces of Mpumalanga and Limpopo). To the east, the park is bordered by Mozambique. The total length of the park from north to south is 340 km. The three main parts of the park (northern, central and southern) are formed by the Ulyfants and Sabi rivers. The climate in the park is subtropical, the rainy season is usually from October to March (inclusive)
On the territory of the Kruger Park, the vegetation of the park savanna dominates, characterized by light forests, dry deciduous forests, cereals. Part of the park located north of the river Ulyphants is a weld mopane, while southern part is a thornveld. The park is home to 17 of the 47 tree species protected by the state. There are elephants, hippos, giraffes, rhinos, lions, leopards, nile crocodiles, 17 species of antelope. According to the management of the park, about 1,500 lions, 12,000 elephants, 2,500 buffaloes, 1,000 leopards and 5,000 rhinos (both white and black) live on its territory.
Mammals of Nyala Park African elephants Leopard Warthog White rhino African buffalo
Birds of the park More than 400 species of birds live on the territory of the park. Silver Eagle Brown-headed Alcyone Toko Tockus leucomelas Buffoon Eagle Common Guinea Fowl Roller
From snowy heights to the scorched earth of Bushveld, from subtropical beaches to the Kalahari Desert ... South Africa is a land where the incompatible is combined in an unimaginable way. The best landscapes and the most mesmerizing places are concentrated in the parks and reserves of the country.It is here that it is best to get acquainted with wild nature enjoying its pristine purity and intactness.
http://www.krasnayakniga.ru/taza-nacionalnyy-park https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0% 91% D1% 80% D1% 8E% D1% 81% D0% B0 # / media / File: Ein_klippschliefer.jpg http://goodnewsanimal.ru/news/afrikanskij_gryzun_gundi/2013-05-08-3241 https: // ru .wikipedia.org / wiki /% D0% 9A% D0% B0% D1% 80% D0% B0% D0% BA% D0% B0% D0% BB http://womanadvice.ru/nacionalnyy-park-cavo http: //phototravelguide.ru/nacionalnye-parki-zapovedniki/masai-mara-keniya/ http://phototravelguide.ru/nacionalnye-parki-zapovedniki/ngorongoro/
Africa boasts of its enchanted landscapes, which include sand dunes, jungles, and of course the savannahs. This vast continent is home to a wide variety of animals and plants. Unfortunately, some representatives, flora and fauna that live on the continent are on the verge of extinction. It is with the aim of protecting them that National Parks were created - an area where human activity is limited. We present to your attention a list of the 10 best national parks in Africa.
Birunga National Park
Birunga Park, known as the Volcanoes National Park, is located in northwestern Rwanda and borders the Virunga and Mgahinga National Parks. It is considered the first national park created on the continent. It is known mainly for its mountain gorillas. The park was home to zoologist Diane Fossey.
Ras Mohammed
Ras Mohammed (translated from Arabic means “the head of Mohammed”) is the first opened nature reserve in Egypt. It is located in the south of the Sinai Peninsula, between the Gulfs of Suez and Aqaba. This extraordinary national park is famous for its dazzlingly beautiful coral reefs, which attract divers from all over the world, as well as for its population sea turtles... The park is the main attraction on the Red Sea Riviera and the pride of Egypt.
Table Mountain National Park
Table Mountain Park - formerly known as Cape Peninsula National Park - located in the Western Cape, South Africa. The park was created on May 29, 1998 and includes: Table Mountain, for which it was named, and the Cape of Good Hope - the farthest southwestern point of Africa. The area of the park is 225,000 hectares, plus an additional 1,000 km. sq. coastal waters and beaches.
Cabareg is an African national park located in the northern part of the state of Uganda. It was founded in 1952 and named after the waterfall of the same name, which is located in the park. Covers an area of 3 839 km. sq. Cabarega National Park is home to large African wildlife such as elephants, buffaloes, lions, rhinos, etc.
Etosha Park - located in the northwest of Namibia. It is considered one of the largest national parks in the world and covers an area of 22,270 square kilometers. It was founded in 1907 and is home to a large number of wild animals. To a large extent, the park is known for the black rhinos and African wild dogs that live here.
Ahaggar is a national park and highlands of the same name, located in the central part of the Sahara Desert, in the south of Algeria. The park is renowned for its stunning landscapes, a large number of sand dunes and mountains, which are mainly composed of volcanic rocks. It is considered one of the more remote national parks on the planet.
Masuala is a national park located in the northeast of Madagascar, on the Masuala Peninsula. It was founded in 1997 and covers an area of 240 520 hectares. Masoala is the largest national reserve in the country. Since 2007, it has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Characterized by a wide variety of ecosystems - including wet a tropical forest, mangroves and the sea with coral reef.
In third place in the list of the best national parks in Africa is the Kilimanjaro National Park, which is located in northern Tanzania, near the city of Moshi. The park includes the entire highest mountain in Africa - Kilimanjaro and the surrounding forests. Covers an area of 753 km. sq.
Victoria Falls Park - located in the northwest of Zimbabwe, on the Zambezi River and is considered as the largest waterfall in the world. A notable feature of the park is the rainforest that grows around the waterfall, which includes plants such as ferns, palms, vines and a large number of trees such as redwood that do not grow elsewhere in the region.
Kruger Park is one of the oldest and largest national parks in the world, located in South Africa. It is located in the two South African provinces of Limpopo and Mpumalanga. Its area is 18 989 km2. sq. and stretches 350 km north-south. The park is inhabited by 147 species of mammals, 500 species of birds and reptiles, as well as tens of thousands of species of insects.
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