To the nature of the Obabkovy, the family of soothers belongs to the boletus. The mushroom lives in birch groves, hence his eloquent name. From his relatives, he is distinguished by the coloring hats. She has muffled brown shades. In addition, it has not so thick pulp caps and legs.
Nearest Sorodich
White mushroom and staberevik are considered closest relatives. Young boravets are very similar to their fellow. True, they, unlike relative, the flesh on cuts and during drying drawn, and the leg is littered with small gray or black scales.
Name of mushroom
Podberezovkov has several names. Mushroom skins are called their birchings or subky. There are also such names: Obabki, black or gray mushrooms. It happens that they are called chevings, grandmothers or graboviki.
Areal
Boravets comfortable in deciduous and mixed forests. However, they are mostly found in birchings. They can be found in the parks and getting ready in young birch groves forest Massives. Edges of the clearing and ravines - favorite place Obabkov
They are well along the overgrown tracks running on light mixed forests. They prefer to grow where forest areas with a wet soil warm up the sun. Numerous photosMushrooms made, indicate that brezovuki are found alone and groups.
Views of Podberezovikov
This mushroom has over 40 species. In Russian forests, five of them are most common: ordinary, gray, harsh, pink and multi-colored boletus. Each species forms mikuriza with birch. Although there are specimens capable of forming symbiosis with aspen and poplars.
Distinguish varieties of PO external signs and habitats. Their appearance depends on where they grow. Over the raw decks, edges and forest glades are found with a gray boletus hat. The mushroom is such, as a rule, has a high thin leg of whitish color. Here they love to grow copies with olive caps.
In dry birchings, mushrooms dwell, the flesh of the fruit bodies that are dense, the hat is black and brown, and the leg is thick and scaly. Raw birch groves With the cover of the Moss - the abode of the booming of the marsh with a greenish-white hat, a thin long leg and loose, often a watering pulp.
All varieties are capable of rapid growth. Their fruit bodies per day increase by 4 centimeters. Accelerated growth leads to frequent aging. Specimens, fully matured for the sixth day, begin in accelerated Tempe Dry flush. In their flabbing fruit body, the worms and the larvae of mushroom flies are sisha.
The first copies appear on the outcome of May, along with oils and white when Rowan blooms. The second wave is observed at one time with the rj. The following appearance is expected with simultaneous linden blossom.
Periods for collecting this mushroom from May to July are too short: Poisabkov happens at this time a little, and they quickly depart. Last time In the middle of August, a bocery appears. Mushroom from this moment is collected until late autumn.
It is appreciated for the taste and saturation of the useful substances. Podberezovik is an excellent absorbent, output from the body toxins and ballast substances. Doctors have been proven that the use of fungus allows to maintain the functioning of the kidneys normally.
All the mushrooms of brewer for the winter are harvested. They are marinated, salted, dried and frozen. Used for the preparation of soyanok and mushroom caviar. Good boletus and in fresh form. Of these, excellent soups, salads, snacks are obtained. They are beautiful in fried and baked.
Ordinary borave
From the rest of the species, a red-brown hat is characterized by a mushroom. The description of it is such: with dry weather smooth, slightly mucous hat flashes. The shape of the hats of young copies resembles a convex half factor. At mature representatives she is pillowed. The maximum diameter of the hats - 15 centimeters.
The color of the pores in old mushrooms is grayish-ike. At strong, who did not have time to overripe of pores of the whitovo-cream colors. The legs in the form of a cylinder, slightly expanded the book, grow up to 17 centimeters. And their diameter can reach 4 centimeters. White surface of the legs covered with brown-colored flakes. White pulp does not have a specific smell. On the cut, it acquires pinkish tones.
Graybrazovik gray
This mushroom with a hat of brown shades (olive, serum, blacknate-brown) is the second name - Grabovik. Wrinkling, the bug, caps of drought are cracking. The color of the pores is gray-yellow.
The longitudinal fibers are clearly visible on the legs of the grabist. Their surface is used by brown scales. Height they are smaller than ordinary subberezovikov. The flesh of light yellow shades at a break first becomes purple, and with time - black.
Stabber harsh
The mushrooms of boominuses and stabber harsh chose the habitat with sandy and thin soils. They develop perfectly under the aspen and poplars. In the stabber of a harsh, a harsh hat hangs over the tubes. It distinguishes him from fellow and boosaine.
In young Obabkov, the fruit body is a sketch with a foot with a leg. They in shape strongly resemble white mushrooms. Their caps and pulp are painted in dark brown shades. As the mushrooms agrees, the pulp becomes darker.
Plug-shaped legs with rising fruit bodies are slightly pulled out and covered with dark scales. Their top is lighter than base. On the cut, the pulp of the legs begin to repose. And the sections are blue.
Bolotnaya bocery
This kind of dry light brown hats have a form of swollen pads. The legs of the mushrooms are similar to those that have an ordinary boletus. White or light gray legs grow into a height of 4-12 centimeters.
The painting of the tubular layer in young birchings of swamp, and the aged - saturated brown. White, soft, non-changing flesh, this booler possesses the flesh. Mushroom growing in raw places does not have a pronounced smell and taste.
Multicolored boletus
In Bereznyaki, Dubrava and where the poplar settled, the stabberry is growing multicolored. Their legs are white or light gray, with frequent small flakes, cylindrical, tapered from the base up, are crowned with hats in the shape of a hemisphere. In the diameter, the hats reach 5-12 centimeters.
The skin on them is dry in the heat and a little slug in bad weather, slightly hangs from the hats. It happens different colors. There are segments of gray and brown shades with yellowish or gray podpales. Often the mushrooms come across, the hat of which is painted in a brick, orange, beige or pinkish color. The painting of the tubular layer is grayish.
Pisching caps pinkish, tubular layer - bluish. Fruit body legs pinkish or greenish. In young obabs, the pulp, emitting the sourish smell, dense, at the constituted - loose.
Bile mushroom
The likeabs have poisonous twins - bile mushrooms. Podberetviki false appearance resemble this fellow. They are great to disguise under true mushrooms - Put gray row legs, hats with a characteristic shape and color. Their Home distinctive feature - Incredible bitterness.
So that it does not happen to trouble, before going to the forest lovers quiet hunt You should see the photo and description of mushrooms that will not allow a terrible toadstool to the house, causing strongest poisoning.
How to distinguish bile mushroomfrom the boletus?
In real subbracers, a pleasant taste, false mushrooms - very bitter. True Obabs Pattern on the leg resembles a drawing on birch. The leg of false copies is covered with a meshe, externally similar to blood vessels.
Hat edible mushrooms The bottom is light or gray, the top is smoothly gray, brownish or dark. In poisonous copies below it is pinking, on top of greenish or dirty. At the breakfast of the mushrooms of stabber, false pinkish, and the true doctors are white. To the touch with edible mushrooms, the hats are smooth, and the leafing is velvety. In bile mushrooms there are no worms, and in the real they are sisha.
Good day, dear mushrooms. Today, we will continue to disassemble edible mushrooms. Let's talk about stabber, photos and description of the species of which you will find in the article below. Relatives of this species are edible, taste quality differences a little. But it is worth being careful, Obabok has (the second name of the boletus) and inedible twins.
Read in the article: what bocery looks like, where they grow, how to collect and at what time. And at the end I will tell you that they are prepared from the fragrant mushroom.
In the forests you can find more than 40 varieties of Obabka, but most of them are not very different, so do not panic.
The boat cap reaches 18 cm. It is bright at the beginning, then it comes to dark brown. She looks like half a ball, and over time she sends and reminds the pillow. IN sunny weather Matte hat, and in crude - Sklizky. Sponge at the bottom of the olive shade.
The leg comes up to 15 cm, the shape of the cylinder. It is covered by longitudinal scales gray. With age, the pulp in the leg becomes tough. In the context of the boletus white, can repose.
Some types of stabber are different. Below you will find illustrations and description of the most popular species.
Ordinary
Ordinary subbrazovik meets in Russia most often. His hat is drowned, sometimes has a red shade. The leg is dense, the bottom expands.
Obabok ordinary confused with a bull mushroom. On the cut, the twin is painted in red.
Bolotnaya
Swamp berezovik has a thin neat leg. His cap is light gray or brown shades. The flesh is loose, but with a pleasant aroma. More often, the mushroom occurs on the overwhelmed soil.
A bile mushroom is more often taken by the shroud. The remaining twins grow in another area.
Harsh
Gray or brown, often with a purple tint. The leg resembles a barrel, darkens the base. The flesh is sweet, fragrant, becomes dark, if you press.
There are no twins this species.
Multicolored
As with other species, the color of the mushroom varies from gray to brown, that's just on a hat with yellow, orange, pinkish, brick splashes. White leg with splashes. The smell is sour.
False multicolored pipes do not happen.
Pinkish
It is found in the northern boletus closer to the north and in the fall. Hat in mushroom brick or reddish, heterogeneous. The leg is curved, as the fungus turns to the light. False mushrooms not.
The mushroom is small, as it grows in the tundra under dwarf birch, light color.
The name speaks for itself. The black bohetus hat is dark, almost black. The leg is dense, covered with dark gray splashes. The black look will rarely meet in the basket, but he is welcome thanks to his taste.
The hat can be very different in color (whitish, ash, ocher, brown). More often, Grabovik is found in deciduous (robber) forests, in the Caucasus.
Video - Four types of subbrazovkov
Where and when to collect boomes
The name of the boletus was not accidentally obtained, because more often they all grow under the birch, in the roots. Therefore, it is worth looking for deciduous forests. They meet from the end of May in the middle of the autumn.
Obabok is not picky, it grows even in the tundra, under dwarf trees. The mushroom loves light, it is best to look for on the edges. It grows in groups or alone. If you wish, you can grow upbrazovki yourself.
For collecting boraves, use IV baskets or enameled dishes. If you saw a mushroom in an uncharacteristic place for him, he better refuse him.
How to prepare bocery
Obabok is actively used in cooking. It reacts well to any processing method. Mushroom marinate, fry, stew, frozen. But before cooking, you need to know how to clean and cook.
Mushrooms should not dust long in a basket, clean immediately after the hike in the forest. First, spend the initial cleaning, remove the needles, chervichi mushrooms And another garbage. You can do it with a dry cloth or toothbrush.
If you are planning to cut the boletus, it costs to stop. If you want to cook or pick up, soak in a bit salted water for an hour. Then make the leg like a carrot, browse the body of the mushroom on the worms, with the desire to remove the sponge.
After cleaning, mushrooms pour water and boil 40 minutes. During the cooking, constantly remove the foam.
Podberezovik ordinary - a sponge mushroom, which is not inferior to white in flavoring qualities. In the people, it is often called a gray mushroom, a birch or blackhead. Obabok is another funny name.
Podberezovik forms mikurizu with birch, from which he got its name. Most often, it can be found in birch groves, sometimes in coniferous and mixed forests with an admixture of birch. He meets even in Tundra, everything is also near Berez. The gray mushroom has one of the longest periods for collecting: fruit bodies begin to form at mycelium from the end of spring and continue to grow up to late autumn.
The mushroom belongs to the family of the soles, to which his closest relative belongs is a boletus. Podberezovik has valuable taste qualities and useful properties: His pulp contains a lot of protein, group B vitamins, vitamins C, D, E, nicotinic acid, macro and trace elements, while it is easily absorbed by the body.
Description and general characteristics
Podberezovik has a convex gray hat, whose shade hesitates from white to almost black. IN young age It is a dense semi-like shape, as it becomes more loose, sinful. Its size can reach 20 cm in diameter, but the mushrooms are such an instance in the basket is reluctant, since young representatives possesses more gentle and rich taste. Tubes first white, in more adulthood Dirty shade, easily separated from the hat. The leg is up to 4 cm in diameter, it can be thickened down the book, dense, white or gray, covered with brown, dark gray or black scales. The flesh of a young mushroom is dense, elastic, white color, Some species, the flesh can change color from white to pinkish.
Varieties
Depending on the conditions of growing and appearance, the boletus can be divided into several varieties. Classifications are relatively conditional, and in different sources They may differ depending on the criteria taken for comparison, but nevertheless, it can be easily distinguished by the main types of this mushroom.
The most common type of species, it is considered the most valuable from a culinary point of view. The hat of his uniform color, and the leg has a bottom of the thickening.
It is often found, it has a thinner leg and a hat of brighter shades: from white to light gray or light brown. This mushroom prefers to grow on wet swampy territories. Although the swamp stabber has a more loose pulp than the ordinary, it is not inferior to other varieties in taste.
In terms of gravity, the booleshvik swamp and white are often combined into one category, but the second is characterized very light, more often than a white, cap not exceeding 8 cm in diameter. This type of the hat is usually completely disclosed. The leg is thin, covered with white scales.
It is found in wet northern forests in autumn. A distinctive feature of this species is that its flesh on a break is oxidized and acquires a pinkish shade; Coloring Hats inhomogeneous, brown shades; The leg is short enough, often bent to the side.
Tundrovaya Podberezovik
The smallest of his relatives, he also grows near Berez, but, given the size of the dwarf birches in the tundra, the mushroom received the comic name "Subezovik", due to the fact that his dimensions are not inferior to the tree itself. The mushroom is light, with a small hat, not exceeding 5 cm, and a fairly thin leg covered with white or light gray scales.
The article will be told about one of the wonderful plant inhabitants Forests. His name directly talks about where it loves to grow. This is a bocery, the favorite seats of whose growing forests with birch.
It should be noted that these mushrooms are included in the group belonging to one the only link - Obabkovye. Their main difference from other varieties is a brownish-colored hats (different shades).
The relatives of Obabok combined a variety of boomes, boomes. Despite characteristics plants of each group, their general signs often confusing newcomers. In this regard, it is precisely the boletins that are often called boosal.
This article will be presented more detailed information About white stabber: photo, description, etc.
General characteristics of subberezovikov
Forms a boletus of mycarizu with birch, from where his name happened.
These mushrooms have characteristic convex hats, whose shades range from white to almost black. Young mushrooms have dense beautiful semi-shaped hats. But as they grow, they are becoming more loose, patterned.
The size reaches in diameter up to 20 cm. However, the mushrooms are more often ignored by such copies, because more rich and delicate taste inherent in young representatives. The legs of gray or white, are covered with brownish, black or dark gray scales. The thickness of the legs is 4 cm in diameter. A young mushroom has a dense, elastic flesh of white. But some varieties on a break can change it to a pinkish shade.
Before imagine white Podberezovik, briefly describe the species of fungi of this group.
Varieties
Podbestos can be divided into several varieties depending on the appearance and conditions for their growth. In total, they are numbered about 40, but not all of them can be found in Russia. The most common types are presented:
- Ordinary is the most common and most valuable in the point of view of the addiction of culinary craftsmen. The hat has a uniform color, the leg below thickened.
- White - grows in raw places and does not differ in a special yield (white bocery).
- Hrually - loves soils with sands and loams at Osin and poplars. Brown hat It has a omission, the pulp on the cut is pinking, and the leg at the bottom takes on a lilac color.
- Bolotnaya - quite commonly found in swampy wet areas. Hat has more light tint, the leg is thinner.
- Potting - meets mainly in autumn in wet northern forests. The coloration of the Hats is inhomogeneous, brownish, and the pulp on the breakfast as a result of oxidation pink.
- Gray (Grabovik) - has the longest collection period: from spring to autumn. Hat of brown-olive and grayish shades with tubercles and wrinkles, a relatively short leg, pulp with a cut becomes purple and then black.
There are still in the nature of the varieties of black and multicolored.
All these mushrooms feel great among birch trees, but other trees are found. More often they grow in places well-heated sun, but with soil is quite humid.
White Podberezovik: Photos and Description
Edible mushroom. His hat white with various shades: light gray, cream, pinkish.
The shape of a young mushroom hats, like other inbesting, semi-shaped shape, in a more mature age - pillow-shaped. Then it becomes a more prostrate. But in contrast to the boletus of the usual, completely revealed quite rarely. The diameter on average is 3-8 cm. White and gentle flesh mushroom does not have a special taste and smell.
In height, the boletusk white reaches the size of up to 7-10 cm (it happens above in the grass), the diameter of the leg is 0.8-1.5 cm, and, and closer to the hat is narrowed. The color is white, covered with scales of the same color, but with age and during drying they are darker. Fiber pulp legs of this kind of fungus, in comparison with the stabber, the usual, softer. The base acquires a bluish tint.
Beneficial features
One of the most important properties of the boletus of white, like all mushrooms from this group, is the ability to withdraw toxins due to food fiberscontained in it. Mushrooms are useful as auxiliary means in the treatment of the following diseases:
- diseases of the nervous system;
- change in blood sugar;
- various kidney pathologies;
- skin problems;
- inflammation of the musculoskeletal system;
- inflammation of mucous membranes.
The flesh of the mushroom contains vitamins of group B and C, D, E, proteins, nicotinic acid, micro- and macroelements. In addition, it is absorbed by the body quite easily.
Places of Growing
White subbrazovik meets from mid-summer until the beginning of October in the forests of mixed and deciduous, forming mycorrhus mainly with birch. Prefers mushroom raw places and outskirts of swamps. It comes across such places is not very rare, but the yield is not very different.
The youngest first mushrooms can be found on a more open and warm sun-haired places: clearing, groves, edges. You can detect them under solitary trees.
The mushroom of this species feels well in various climatic conditions. He grows even in Tundra (Berez). The main condition is the presence of a root system of birch, providing these mushrooms.
From his closely related white variety Different with almost white colors.
Other similar to him, the species of the same kind (Obabkovaya) is notorious white boost. But the latter is distinguished by the fact that he actively changes its color on the break.
False representative
There are, by and large, just one mushroom is false, with which you can easily confuse not only the view described, but also other boraves, a white mushroom and even the oil. it bile mushroom. He is dangerous and poisonous, but it's not difficult to reveal it.
It is important to pay attention to the cut on the leg. The pulp of a poisonous false representative, oxidizing in the air, changes the color from the raspberry and pink to the blue and poisonous green.
Finally
Podberezoviki with a white hats in the people are sometimes called haykeepers or spikelors. This is due to the fact that they appear just at the time when the haymaking begins, and compensive in the fields of rye.
The mushroom can be collected quite valuable in all respects and even in the fall. And it pleases many forest walks.
Stabberovaki ( common name Some species of mushrooms like lecinum, lat. Leccinum) - Nearest relatives white mushroom. Distinctive trait It is that when cutting and drying, the baser darkens the flesh. IN different places These mushrooms are called differently: black mushroom, berezovik, gray mushroom, Cape, grandmother and tailor.
Young specimens outwardly very similar to white mushrooms, they are distinguished by the legs with gray and black small scales. Paintakes grow very quickly per day adding up to 4 centimeters, but at the same speed they agreed.
On the 6th day they completely ripen, and on the 7th day they are already starting to grow old, become flabby, and they will start a large number of The larvae of mushroom flies. In this regard, large specimens most often worms.
There are varieties of boletus, different external features and wrecked places. The most common is an ordinary boletus, which is valued more than other species. Ordinary subbrazoviki Grow in dry birch forests, in glades, on the edges, next to the ditch, trails and roads. Fruit boberic S. early summer until late autumn.
Description Podberezovika
The diameter of the boberis hat can reach up to 15 centimeters. First, the shape of the hats is convex, after becoming a pad. Cooking Hats Gray, gray-brown and even can be black, white, spotted. The tubular layer in young copies is white, but as it becomes dirty-brown, the pores are very small.
The length of the leg comes up to 15 centimeters, and its thickness can reach 3 centimeters. At the bottom of the leg is often thickened. Color-white color with oblong gray, black or brown scales. White pulp or a little pink. There is no special smell and taste at meakty.
Appearance of subbrazovkov, depending on the places of growth
Depending on where the booties are growing, they are changing appearance. In the raw forests and on the edges of the caps of the stabber, and the legs are whitish and high. In the same places there are stabberries with olive hats. In dry birch groves you can find mushrooms with black and brown hats, on thick scaly legs with a dense pulp.
In the raw local areas where moss grows, there are stabberry marsh with greenish-white hats, long thin legs and loose pulp. Since swamp stabitors grow in the climate cheese, they quickly deteriorate, and their flesh is very water.
Where are the booties grow?
Ordinary boomes form mikuriza with birch, they grow in birch forests and groves. In addition, brezovuki can come across in Tundra and Festour Tundra, where there are dwarf birks. These mushrooms are common in South and North Americaas well as in Eurasia.
Collection of subberezovikov
Podberezovkov's fruiting starts in the summer and continues until autumn. Old copies should not be assembled, because they are flabby and soft, quickly rot and deteriorate.
Podberezovik ordinary - edible mushroom, it can be used in food, but after heat treatment. It can be boiled, fry, marinate and dry.
Varieties of Podberezovikov
Podberezovik ordinary has a red-brown hat. With dry weather, it is smooth, slightly mucous. The young mushrooms have a show of a convex hemisphere, and when ripening it becomes a pillow. Maximum size Hats reaches 15 centimeters.
In the young age of the pores of white-cream color, and over time, become gray-hidden. The leg has a kind of cylinder, a slightly expanding book, it can reach 17 centimeters, and the diameter is 4 centimeters. The leg is whitish with brown flakes. The flesh does not have a specific smell, she pose on the cut.
Podberezovik gray has a hat of brown shades, this mushroom is called. IN hot weather Hats become dry and crack. Pores of gray-yellow color. Longitudinal fibers are well noticeable on the leg. The flesh is light yellow, but when a break is changing to purple, and then black.
Bolotnaya stabber has a dry brown-brown hat. Shape hats pillow. The legs of a white or light gray color, in height reach up to 4-12 centimeters. The tubular layer in young copies is light, and old becomes rich-brown. Whitish flesh, does not change on the break. Since marsh stabitats grow in raw places, then they do not have a bright taste and smell.
Multicolored stabberry grows in dumbers and birchings. White or light gray legs with small, but frequent scales. Cylindrical leg shape, it becomes narrower to the base. The hat has the shape of the hemisphere, its diameter ranges from 5 to 12 centimeters. The hat can be different shades: gray and brown with yellowish subapalities, orange, brick, pink or beige. Gray tubes. In young mushrooms, the pulp is dense with a strong acidic smell, the old one becomes loose.
Podberevik black grows from July to September. The diameter of the hat is 5-9 centimeters. Chang Hats Black or Dark Brown. The tubes in the porous layer are quite large. The leg is covered with small black flakes. Grow black stabber wet places, among pines and birches.
The boletus pink has a hat with a diameter of up to 15 centimeters, first it is convex, but then becomes a pad. The surface of the hat is dry, gray-brown color. Sometimes the glare hats can be almost black with a marble pattern.
The flesh is dense, white, with a cut pink. First, the tubular layer is white, but as the fungus flies, it becomes dirty-gray. The leg is thin, elongated, can be encountered sometimes. Spore powder oath brown. The fruiting season is observed in the period from June to October. Instrumentoviki rising in wet birch forests, Eurasia and North America are growing.
Slightly different from previous subspecies. The diameter of the hat is 5-17 centimeters. Coloring it from gray and brown to light purple. The shape of the hemisphere hats, over time it becomes flat. Young instances of the caps are pubescent or covered with scales, and with return they become bare. The height of the leg is 6-18 centimeters. In the upper part, the leg is white, and in the bottom of cream. Often it is covered with brownish scales.
The pulp of this boletus is white, tough, and the taste is sweetish. Thanks to its tough and no worm, this stabber is appreciated above. Fruit stoles harsh from July to November. They grow on lime soils of mixed and deciduous forests.
Loading...
