We present a list of the most common freshwater (river) fish. Names with photos and descriptions for each river fish: its appearance, taste qualities fish, habitats, fishing methods, time and method of spawning.
Pike perch, like perch, prefers only clean water saturated with oxygen and contributing to the normal functioning of fish. This clean fish without any components. The growth of pike perch can be up to 35 cm. Weight Limit can reach up to 20 kg. Pike perch meat is light, without excess fat both very tasty and pleasant. It contains quite a lot of minerals, such as phosphorus, chlorine, chlorine, sulfur, potassium, fluorine, cobalt, iodine, and also a lot of vitamin P. Judging by the composition, pike perch meat is very healthy.
Bersch, like pike perch, is considered a relative of perch. It can grow up to 45 cm in length, weighing 1.4 kg. It is found in rivers that flow into the Black and Caspian Seas. Its diet includes small fish, like a gudgeon. The meat is almost the same as that of pike perch, although a little softer.
Perch prefers reservoirs with clean water. These can be rivers, ponds, lakes, reservoirs, etc. Perch is the most common predator, but you will never find it where the water is turbid and dirty. To catch perch, fairly thin gear is used. Catching it is very interesting and entertaining.
The ruff has a peculiar appearance with the presence of very spiny fins, which protects it from predators. The ruff also loves clean water, but depending on its habitat it can change its color. It grows no more than 18 cm in length and gains weight up to 400 grams. Its length and weight directly depend on the food supply in the pond. Its habitat extends to almost all European countries. It is found in rivers, lakes, ponds and even seas. Spawning takes place over 2 days or more. The ruff always prefers to be at depth, as it does not like sunlight.
This fish is from the perch family, but few people know it, since it is not found in this area. It is distinguished by an elongated fusiform body and the presence of a head with a protruding snout. The fish is not large, no more than one foot long. It is found mainly in the Danube River and its adjacent tributaries. Its diet includes various worms, mollusks and small fish. The chop fish spawns in April with bright yellow eggs.
This is a freshwater fish that is found in almost all bodies of water. globe, but only in those that have clean, oxygenated water. When the oxygen concentration in the water decreases, the pike dies. Pike grows up to one and a half meters in length, weighing 3.5 kg. The body and head of the pike are characterized by an elongated shape. It’s not for nothing that it’s called an underwater torpedo. Pike spawning occurs when the water warms up from 3 to 6 degrees. This predatory fish and feeds on other species of fish such as roach, etc. Pike meat is considered dietary because it contains very little fat. In addition, pike meat contains a lot of protein, which is easily absorbed by the human body. Pike can live up to 25 years. Its meat can be stewed, fried, boiled, baked, stuffed, etc.
This fish lives in ponds, lakes, rivers, and reservoirs. Its color is largely determined by the composition of the water that is available in a given reservoir. By appearance very similar to rudd. The roach's diet includes various algae, larvae of various insects, as well as fish fry.
With the arrival of winter, the roach goes to wintering pits. It spawns later than pike, around the end of spring. Before spawning begins, it becomes covered with large pimples. The caviar of this fish is quite small, transparent, with a green tint.
Bream is an inconspicuous fish, but its meat is characterized by excellent taste. It can be found where there is calm water or a weak current. Bream lives no more than 20 years, but grows very slowly. For example, a 10-year-old specimen can gain weight no more than 3 or 4 kilograms.
Bream has a dark silvery tint. Average duration life is from 7 to 8 years. During this period, it grows up to 41 cm in length and has average weight around 800. Bream spawns in the spring.
This is a sedentary fish species with a bluish-gray color. The silver bream lives for about 15 years and grows to a length of up to 35 cm, with a weight of 1.2 kg. Silver bream, like bream, grows quite slowly. Do they prefer bodies of water with standing water or not? fast current. In spring and autumn, the silver bream gathers in numerous flocks (dense flocks), hence its name. The silver bream feeds on small insects and their larvae, as well as mollusks. Spawning occurs at the end of spring or beginning of summer, when the water temperature rises to +15ºС-+17ºС. The spawning period lasts from 1 to 1.5 months. Silver bream meat is considered not tasty, especially since it contains a lot of bones.
This fish has a dark yellow-golden hue. It can live up to 30 years, but already at 7-8 years its growth stops. During this time, the carp manages to grow up to 1 meter in length and gain a weight of 3 kg. Carp is considered freshwater fish, but it is also found in the Caspian Sea. Its diet includes young shoots of reeds, as well as eggs of spawned fish. With the arrival of autumn, its diet expands and begins to include various insects and invertebrates.
This fish belongs to the carp family and can live for about a hundred years. May eat undercooked potatoes, bread crumbs or cake. Distinctive feature Cyprinidae is the presence of a mustache. Carp is considered a voracious and insatiable fish. Carp lives in rivers, ponds, lakes, and reservoirs where there is a muddy bottom. Carp likes to pass pliable silt through its mouth, in search of various bugs and worms.
Carp spawns only when the water begins to warm up to a temperature of +18ºС-+20ºС. Can gain weight up to 9 kg. In China it is a food fish, and in Japan it is a decorative food.
Very strong fish. Many experienced fishermen fish for it, using powerful and reliable gear.
Crucian carp is the most common fish. It is found in almost all bodies of water, regardless of the quality of the water and the concentration of oxygen in it. Crucian carp is able to live in reservoirs where other fish will immediately die. It belongs to the carp family, and in appearance it is similar to carp, but does not have a mustache. In winter, if there is very little oxygen in the water, crucian carp hibernate and remain in this state until spring. Crucian carp spawns at a temperature of about 14 degrees.
Tench prefers ponds with dense vegetation and covered with thick duckweed. Tench can be caught well from August, before the onset of real cold weather. Tench meat is excellent taste characteristics. No wonder they call tench king fish. In addition to the fact that tench can be fried, baked, stewed, it makes an incredible fish soup.
The chub is considered a freshwater fish and is found exclusively in rivers with fast currents. It is a representative of the carp family. It grows up to 80 cm in length and can weigh up to 8 kg. It is considered a semi-fat fish, since its diet consists of fish fry, various insects, and small frogs. It prefers to be under trees and plants hanging over the water, since various living creatures very often fall into the water from them. It spawns at temperatures from +12ºС to +17ºС.
Its habitat includes almost all rivers and reservoirs European countries. Prefers to stay at depth, if available slow flow. In winter it is as active as in summer, as it does not hibernate. It is considered a fairly hardy fish. It can have a length from 35 to 63 cm, with a weight from 2 to 2.8 kg.
Can live up to 20 years. The diet consists of both plant and animal foods. Ide spawning occurs in the spring, at water temperatures from 2 to 13 degrees.
It is also a representative of the family of carp fish species and has a dark bluish-gray color. It grows up to 120 cm in length and can reach a weight of 12 kg. Found in the Black and Caspian Seas. Selects areas with fast currents and avoids stagnant water.
There are saberfish with silver, grayish and yellow colors. It can gain weight up to 2 kg, with a length of up to 60 cm. It can live for about 9 years.
Chekhon grows very quickly and gains weight. Found in rivers, lakes, reservoirs and seas such as the Baltic Sea. IN at a young age feeds on zoo- and phytoplankton, and with the arrival of autumn switches to feeding on insects.
It is easy to confuse rudd and roach, but rudd has a more attractive appearance. Over the course of 19 years of life, it is able to gain weight of 2.4 kg, with a length of 51 cm. It is found, for the most part, in rivers that flow into the Caspian, Azov, Black and Aral seas.
The basis of the rudd's diet is food of plant and animal origin, but most of all it likes to eat caviar of mollusks. Enough healthy fish with a set of minerals such as phosphorus, chromium, as well as vitamin P, proteins and fats.
The podust has a long body and chooses areas with fast currents. It grows up to 40 cm in length and weighs up to 1.6 kg. The podust lives for about 10 years. It feeds from the bottom of the reservoir, collecting microscopic algae. This fish is distributed throughout Europe. Spawns at a water temperature of 6-8 degrees.
Bleak is a ubiquitous fish, known to almost any person who has fished with a fishing rod in a pond at least once. Bleak belongs to the family of carp fish species. It can grow to small sizes in length (12-15 cm) with a weight of about 100 grams. Found in rivers flowing into the Black, Baltic and Sea of Azov, as well as in large reservoirs with clean, non-stagnant water.
This is a fish, the same as bleak, but slightly smaller in size and weight. With a length of 10 cm, it can weigh only 2 grams. Able to live up to 6 years. It feeds on algae and zooplankton, but grows very slowly.
It also belongs to the family of carp fish species, and it has a spindle-shaped body shape. It grows in length up to 15-22 cm. It is carried out in reservoirs where there is a current and there is clean water. The gudgeon feeds on insect larvae and small invertebrates. It spawns in the spring, like most fish.
This type of fish also belongs to the carp family. It feeds practically on food of plant origin. It can grow up to 1 m 20 cm in length and weigh up to 32 kg. It has high growth rates. Grass carp is distributed throughout the world.
The diet of silver carp consists of microscopic particles of plant origin. It is a large representative of the carp family. This is a heat-loving fish. The silver carp has teeth that are capable of grinding vegetation. It is easy to acclimatize. Silver carp are grown artificially.
Due to the fact that it grows quickly, it is of interest for industrial breeding. Can dial for a short time up to 8 kg weight. It is mostly distributed in Central Asia and in China. Spawns in the spring, loves water areas where there is an intense current.
This is very major representative freshwater reservoirs, capable of growing up to 3 meters in length and weighing up to 400 kg. The catfish is brown in color but has no scales. Inhabits almost all reservoirs of Europe and Russia, where appropriate conditions exist: clean water, the presence of aquatic vegetation and suitable depth.
This is a small representative of the catfish family that prefers small reservoirs (canals) with warm water. In our time, it was brought from America, where there is quite a lot of it and most fishermen fish for it.
Its spawning occurs in conditions when the water temperature reaches +28ºС. Therefore, it can only be found in the southern regions.
This is a fish from the family of river eels and prefers freshwater bodies of water. This is a predator, similar in appearance to a snake, which is found in the Baltic, Black, Azov and Barents Seas. Prefers to be in areas with a clay bottom. Its diet consists of small animals, crayfish, worms, larvae, snails, etc. Capable of growing up to 47 cm in length and gaining weight up to 8 kg.
This is a heat-loving fish that is found in reservoirs located in large climatic zones. Its appearance resembles that of a snake. A very strong fish that is not so easy to catch.
It is a representative of the codfish and is similar in appearance to a catfish, but it does not grow to the size of a catfish. This is a cold-loving fish that leads an active lifestyle in winter time. Its spawning also occurs on winter months. It hunts mainly at night, while leading a bottom-dwelling lifestyle. Burbot refers to industrial types fish
This is a small fish with a long body covered with very small scales. It can easily be confused with an eel or a snake if you have never seen one in your life. It grows up to 30 cm in length, or even more if growth conditions are favorable. It is found in small rivers or ponds with a muddy bottom. It prefers to be closer to the bottom, and can be seen on the surface during rain or thunderstorms.
Char belongs to the salmon family of fish species. Due to the fact that the fish does not have scales, it got its name. Grows to small sizes. Its meat does not decrease in volume under the influence of low temperatures. Characterized by the presence of fatty acids, such as omega-3, that can resist inflammatory processes.
It lives in rivers and feeds on various types of fish. Distributed in rivers of Ukraine. Prefers non-deep water areas. It can grow up to 25 cm in length. It reproduces by caviar at water temperatures within +8ºС. After spawning, it can live no more than 2 years.
The lifespan of this fish is considered to be about 27 years. It grows in length up to 1 m 25 cm, gaining weight up to 16 kg. It is distinguished by its dark gray-brown color. In winter, it practically does not feed and goes into the depths. Has valuable commercial value.
This fish lives only in the Danube basin and is not common anywhere else. Belongs to the salmon family of fish species and is unique representative fish fauna of Ukraine. Danube salmon is listed in the Red Book of Ukraine and fishing for it is prohibited. It can live up to 20 years and feeds mainly on small fish.
It also belongs to the salmon family and prefers rivers with rapid currents and cold water. It grows in length from 25 to 55 cm, while gaining weight from 0.2 to 2 kg. The trout diet includes small crustaceans and insect larvae.
It is a representative of the Eudoshidae family, reaches a size of about 10 cm, while gaining a weight of 300 grams. It is found in the basins of the Danube and Dniester rivers. At the first danger, it buries itself in the mud. Spawning occurs in March or April. Likes to feed on fry and small invertebrates.
This fish is caught in industrial scale in Edver, Urals. Spawns at temperatures no higher than +10ºС. This predatory species fish that loves fast-flowing rivers.
This is a freshwater species of fish that belongs to the carp family. It grows up to 60 cm in length and gains up to 5 kg of weight. The fish is dark in color and is common in the Caspian, Black and Azov seas.
River fish without bones
Virtually no bones:
- In maritime language.
- In fish of the sturgeon family, belonging to the order Chordata.
Despite the fact that water has a certain density, the body of the fish is ideally suited for movement in such conditions. And this applies not only to river fish, but also to sea fish.
Typically, its body has an elongated, torpedo-like body shape. IN as a last resort, its body has a spindle-shaped shape, which facilitates unhindered movement in the water. Such fish include salmon, podust, chub, asp, sabrefish, herring, etc. In still water, most fish have a flat body, flattened on both sides. Such fish include crucian carp, bream, rudd, roach, etc.
Among the many species river fish available as peaceful fish, and real predators. They are distinguished by the presence of sharp teeth and a wide mouth, which allows them to swallow fish and other living creatures without much difficulty. Similar fish include pike, burbot, catfish, pike perch, perch and others. A predator such as a pike is capable of developing enormous initial speed during an attack. In other words, it literally swallows its prey instantly. Predators such as perch always hunt in schools. Pike perch leads a bottom-dwelling lifestyle and begins hunting only at night. This indicates his uniqueness, or rather his unique vision. He is able to see his prey in complete darkness.
But there are also small predators that are no different large size graze. Although, such a predator as the asp does not have a huge mouth, such as a catfish, for example, and it feeds only on young fish.
Many fish, depending on their habitat conditions, can have different shades. In addition, different reservoirs may have different food supplies, which can significantly affect the size of the fish.
Fish are animals that live in water and cannot live without it for long. Therefore, the entire organism of fish is well adapted to living conditions in water, from body shape to sensory organs.
Most fish are covered with scales, which secrete a lot of mucus, which allows the fish to quickly glide through the water.
The fish moves in the water, wagging its tail from side to side, and with the help of fins it maintains balance and changes the direction of movement. Fish also have a swim bladder filled with gas, a sac through which they regulate the depth of their swimming.
The color and body shape of fish differ great variety. The most streamlined, torpedo-shaped body shape is found in fish that constantly have to fight the current (trout, barbel). Fish that live in calm waters are wide and tall, because this shape helps them better avoid predators who are reluctant to grab wide fish. And fish that live on the bottom (bottom-dwelling) have a flattened body so that they can comfortably rest on the ground (catfish, burbot, goby).
Fish do not see very far: the most “big-eyed” in clear water they will not be able to see an object even at a distance of 10-12 m, and fish see clearly no further than 1.5 m. But they can distinguish colors, and some see even in the dark!
Fish, like all living things, breathe oxygen. However, if we inhale this gas from the air, then fish have to extract it from the water. For this purpose, fish have special organs - gills. When a fish swims, it captures water with its mouth and pushes it out through special slits in its head, which contain gills. Oxygen from the water enters the gills directly into the blood and is distributed throughout the body. In adult fish, the gills are hidden under the operculum, but in tadpoles (fish fry) the gills are on the outer sides of the head.
Most fish have amazing organ senses, which is called the lateral line. With the help of this organ, fish detect the slightest movements in the water: the direction and strength of the current, the approach of underwater objects and animals, excitement in the water.
water surface. The lateral line serves fish to navigate in space and find their way. It is thanks to this organ that fish swimming in a school of thousands feel the movements of their neighbors and act in concert, as one organism.
The lateral line consists of tubes located under the skin into which water enters through tiny holes. Water moves inside the tubes under the influence of water pressure, and the fish senses the movements of its neighbors.
What types of fish are there?
There are about 25,000 on earth various types fish, and every year scientists discover more and more new species. According to their habitat, fish can be divided into freshwater fish, which live in rivers and lakes with fresh water, estuary (they live in bays with semi-salty water) and marine (they live in seas and oceans). Although freshwater bodies of water are less populated than the sea, there are still enough representatives of the fish kingdom here.
Bream, crucian carp, carp are valuable commercial species. And domestic carp is the most common type of fish, which is specially grown in reservoirs. Common inhabitants of Russian water bodies are roach and sedentary fish such as catfish. The catfish has an elongated body and can reach three meters in length (if you put it on its tail, it will reach from the floor to the ceiling of an ordinary room!). One of the most common predators fresh water is a pike. This fish has a dark green elongated body and reaches the length of an adult. She never pursues her prey, but lies in wait for her in ambush. The most common inhabitants of the estuaries are flounder, bullheads and herring.
The real homeland of fish is the sea. What kinds of species you won’t find here!
Herring, sprat, sprats, anchovy (anchovy) are commercial fish. They are small in size and therefore, for safety reasons, keep in large flocks.
Sturgeon are one of the ancient fish who lived on Earth since the time of dinosaurs. Most sturgeon are anadromous fish. They are called that because most They spend their lives in the sea and only go up into the rivers to spawn (lay eggs). Because of the valuable black caviar and delicious meat sturgeon fish are of great commercial importance. These include sterlet, sturgeon, and beluga (reaches a length of 4 m). Red caviar and high-quality meat (“red fish”) are produced by salmon (trout, salmon).
Perch fish can always be distinguished from other fish by their fins with spines. These include mackerel, horse mackerel, tuna, and gobies. Occasionally in the Black Sea you can find swordfish, which, while chasing prey, can reach speeds of up to 120 km/h! The length of this fish is considerable - 4 m, and its weight reaches 300 kg.
MBOU Novonazimovskaya secondary school No. 4
Lesson topic: “Who are fish? Where do the fish live?
Lesson about the world around us 1st grade.
Conducted and prepared by the teacher primary classes Yurkova T.V.
Target:
Contribute to the formation of an understanding of the diversity of the animal world.
Lesson objectives:
To familiarize students with the distinctive features of fish, the features of their structure and behavior.
Develop in children cognitive activity, the ability to compare and generalize, accurately express your thoughts.
Cultivate a love for nature careful attitude To her.
Equipment:
Textbook “The World Around You” (1st grade) (author A. A. Pleshakov); workbook to the textbook for grade 1 “The world around us” (author A. A. Pleshakov); computer, multimedia projector, disk with a recording of the sound of waves, video recording “Sounds of the Sea”, images of the bathyscaphe, the seabed, illustrations sea inhabitants, poster with motto; fish patterns; colour pencils; drawings depicting fish.
During the classes:
The bell rang loudly
The lesson begins.
Our ears are on top of our heads,
Eyes wide open
We listen, we remember
We don't waste a minute.
II. Motivation to educational activities
Teacher. Guys, life is the most amazing and wonderful phenomenon of nature. She turned the once deserted and gloomy planet Earth into a multi-colored and polyphonic world. Life is in full swing everywhere: both in the sultry deserts and in eternal snows, on land, in the air and in water.
Slides 2 – 5
Watch the video clip “Sounds of the Sea”.
Slide 6
Teacher. And what we will talk about today, you will find out if you solve the riddle:
They live in water
No beak
And they “peck”.
(Fish.)
Slide 7
Who will we talk about in today's lesson? What is the topic of the lesson?
Children. Who are the fish?
Teacher. Today we will go on an underwater expedition on an underwater descent vehicle - a bathyscaphe - to observe fish, study their structure and determine their distinctive features.
III. Learning new material
Creating a problem situation
Teacher. Our expedition will be held under the motto: “Observe and admire, study and take care!” How do you understand it?
The children answer.
Teacher. So, let's begin the dive.
Slide 8
- Look how many inhabitants of the depths we met! Guys, are these all fish?
Slide 9
To accurately answer this question, let's get acquainted with the structure and distinctive features of fish.
Slide 10
Discovery of new things (modeling). Work in groups.
Teacher. Guys, you need to assemble a fish from parts and name all its parts.
Each group collects its own fish: 1st group – sea fish; 2nd group – river; 3rd group – aquarium.
Children complete the task.
Tell me, what parts does the body of a fish consist of? Who can once again show the parts that make up the body of a fish and name them?
The children answer.
Conversation.
Teacher. Guys, what do you know about the eyes of fish? Many fish have good eyesight, but their eyes do not have eyelids. The surrounding water moisturizes and cleanses the eyes. Why do fish need gills?
Children. To breathe.
Teacher. Fish, like people, need oxygen to breathe, which they get from water. When a fish swallows, water passes through the gills. They take oxygen from the water and then push the water out.
What is the fish's body covered with?
Children. Scales.
Teacher. Why do fish need fins and a tail?
Children. To swim.
Teacher. She needs her tail to turn when moving, and her fins to maintain balance.
So tell me what are they features fish?
The children answer.
Which pictures do not depict fish?
Slide 11.
Where can fish live?
Children. In the river, sea, aquarium.
Teacher. Guys, what do you think fish can be divided into into what groups according to their habitat? What are the fish that live in the sea called?
Children. Marine.
Teacher. Give examples.
The children answer.
You said that fish can live in a river, a lake, a pond. We call such fish “freshwater” or “river”. Give examples.
The children answer.
Where do fish live?
Children. In aquarium.
Teacher. What are these fish called?
Children. Aquarium.
Teacher. Give examples.
Slides 12 – 16.
IV. Physical education minute
The fish swam in the river.
In warm, clean water:
They will come together, they will separate,
Then they will bury themselves in the sand.
Children imitate the movements of fish.
V. Primary consolidation of the material
1. Work according to the textbook.
Teacher. Look at the illustrations in the textbook p. 22 – 23. Were we right or wrong? Now we will remember which fish are sea and which are river?
2. Game “Look, don’t yawn.”
I show the children drawings depicting various animals, including fish, and ask them to clap their hands if they see a fish in the picture.
3.Practical work
(production of collective panels using collage technique).
Teacher. And now, guys, I suggest you create your own underwater kingdom. You have fish templates on your desks. Each of you will now remember what we talked about and create your own fish - color the template and place it on our seabed.
The children do the work.
Teacher. Look, guys, what a beautiful underwater kingdom you have created! Let's remember under what motto we are working today.
Children.“Observe and admire, study and cherish.”
Protection of water bodies.
Scene " Ecological problems reservoirs."
Purple fish. Neighbor, why are you so red?
Red fish. A factory was built on the bank of our river and two pipes were installed. One takes clean water to the plant, and the other dumps dirty water into it. So I became from Wastewater red. Why are you so purple?
Purple fish. You should have seen the burden on me! Cans, logs, even wheels. From such an effort I turned red, and green, and blue... So I turned purple - I barely - barely got out from - under the garbage.
Red fish. Oh look, who is this?
Black fish. Don't be scared, girlfriends! I'm a fish just like you. The water was covered with a black film, it became impossible to breathe, there was nothing to eat, and ducks lay on the shore and died from the oil.
Red fish. What should we do?
Black fish. Maybe the guys can help us?
Teacher. Tell me, what dangers may lie in wait water inhabitants?
I draw the children’s attention to images of factory wastewater, oil spills, and garbage.
Slides 18 – 20
Did you know?
Slide 21
* 1 liter of wastewater renders 100 liters of clean water unusable.
*The plant emits 25 liters of waste in 1 minute.
*100 grams of oil covers 50 m² of water surface (the approximate size of our classroom).
Teacher. What advice can we give people so that residents of different bodies of water feel comfortable in their homes?
The children answer.
I hope all of you will remember and follow these rules.
The prepared student reads the poem:
Let the rivers on Earth not die,
Let misfortune pass them by,
May it remain pure in them forever
Cold and delicious water.
May it never become overgrown with mud
The shore on which I stand...
Big uncles are grown men,
Save my bright river!
VI. Reflection
What did you like about the lesson? What can you praise yourself for? What can you praise your friend for?
Raise your hand if you have learned a lot of new and interesting things.
Children raise their hands.
VII. Summing up the lesson
Teacher. Remember what we wanted to learn7
Children. Distinguish fish from other animals by their characteristics.
Teacher. Let's remember how to distinguish fish from other animals? The lesson is over.
Fish live almost anywhere there is water. But each species exists under certain conditions. Water temperature is very important for fish life. In natural reservoirs, the temperature varies widely. In tropical seas, the surface layers heat up to 30-35 degrees, and in polar seas, the water temperature at the surface is close to zero.
The deeper, the colder the water. In Bermuda, the water temperature at the surface is 28 degrees, at a depth of 24 meters 20 degrees, and at a depth of 900 meters only 8 degrees. On great depths water temperature in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans does not exceed 4-5 degrees, and in deep-sea depressions It can even be minus. IN polar seas The bottom temperature drops to minus 2 degrees. The water there does not freeze only because it contains salt.
In the depths of the ocean, water at the same level maintains an approximately constant temperature; There are almost no vertical currents, and the thermal conductivity of water is very low. Scientists have calculated that it would take 100 years for surface temperatures without mixing to penetrate to a depth of 100 meters, and 1 million years to penetrate to a depth of 5,000 meters.
However, in the oceans close to the shores, and especially in rivers and lakes, the water temperature changes dramatically. IN temperate zone the difference between summer and winter temperatures can reach 20-30 degrees. The fish that live in such reservoirs have adapted to temperature changes and feel good both in summer and winter.
But deep sea fish and fish that live in open parts of the ocean do not tolerate sudden temperature fluctuations.
At the end of the last century, the chameleon fish, which lived at great depths off the coast, almost completely became extinct. North America. The raging storm delayed the warm south current and caught up with cold waters from the Arctic. As a result, the water temperature dropped and dead chameleon heads covered the surface of the ocean for many hundreds of kilometers.
In the North Sea, when the temperature dropped, mass death flounder, in the Barents - haddock, and off the coast Far East- ivashi.
Fish that live in tropical rivers and lakes are sensitive to temperature changes. They are accustomed to the fact that the water there is always warm, and only in very hot, dry times do some tropical fish bury themselves in the mud and fall asleep. This helps them withstand heat and the associated lack of oxygen.
Marina Yushkevich
Abstract of the educational activity “Where do the fish live?” (second junior group)
WHERE FISH LIVE?
(abstract classes in fine arts, ecology and local history in II younger group)
TARGET:
"Formation at junior preschoolers' ideas about living and inanimate nature, ideas about the native land."
Tasks:
Learn to convey an image fish unconventional way of drawing.
Develop environmental knowledge children about unacceptable pollution of natural water bodies.
Foster a caring attitude towards the nature of the northern region.
Instill love for native land, first steps in local history.
MATERIALS:
Photographs of reservoirs, various fish;
Saucers with gouache in yellow, red, green and brown colors;
A ready-made drawing of water in a river, drawn in advance, recordings of calm, beautiful music.
Course of the lesson
The teacher asks a riddle:
Wherever we want, we sail there,
The river is our home, we live in it.
- Who is this?
That's right fish. And here's another one mystery:
She lives in the water -
There is no beak, but it pecks.
Glistening in a clean river
The back is silver.
- Who is this?
- Fish
That's right, both riddles were about fish. And where fish live?
In a lake, river, maybe in an aquarium at home.
Let's see what kind of bodies of water there are in nature. (Show pictures, photographs depicting a river, lake, pond).
The teacher reads a poem by I. Tokmakova: “Where he sleeps fish?”
It's dark at night, quiet at night.
Fish, fish where do you sleep?
The fox trail leads to the hole,
The dog's trail leads to the kennel.
Belkin's trail leads to a hollow,
Myshkin - to the hole in the floor.
It’s a pity that in the river, on the water,
There are no traces of you anywhere.
Only darkness, only silence.
Fish, fish where do you sleep?
Let's think about what else could be in the river besides water, where fish live and sleep(bottom (sand, clay, algae, pebbles. Please tell me, if the water is dirty, with garbage, will they be able to live there fish?
No. Because they need clean, clear water.
What is the name of our village? (Let's play) Is a region not only a village, but also everything that surrounds it? (Berezovsky district)
The teacher reads a poem about the Berezovsky district of his own essays:
And in the Berezovsky district
Many rivers and many fish,
Lots of forests and swamps
Lots of berries and mushrooms.
And there is gas in the ground,
May it be warm here!
Is there a river near our village of Igrima? What's it called? (Northern Sosva). Is the water in it clean?
Yes, there are a lot of fish living in it.
Guys, in order to fish I have always lived in Sosva, we will always clean up our garbage on the shore, we will never throw it into the water. Fine?
Let's see what they are fish. (Illustrations of different fish are examined, it is noted that they have fins, a tail, and their body is covered with scales).
The teacher reads a poem:
A fish swims in the water,
The fish has fun playing,
Fish, fish, mischievous,
We want to catch you.
The fish arched its back,
I took a bread crumb,
The fish waved its tail,
The fish quickly swam away.
The teacher invites the children to look at the image of clear (blue, although in Sosva the water is brown from peat, but this is still too early and difficult to explain to the children) water and draw fish in it with their palms, algae and pebbles with their fingers.
While the children are drawing, quiet, calm music plays.
The teacher reads his own poem essays:
Take care of everything around...
If the water in the river is not clean,
If you always throw trash in it,
You won't see any fish there, don't expect it!
Therefore, save our Sosva!
How many fish are there in our river?
How much joy in summer, swimming,
Don't forget - everything is in your hand,
Take care of beauty by admiring it.
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