Krasnoyarsk region has long been known for fisheries on the Yenisei. It is based on prey valuable breeds northern fish- whitefish, salmon, sturgeon. About 30 species are found in the rivers of the Krasnoyarsk Territory commercial fish .
According to the habitat and reproduction, three classes are distinguished from them:
The semi-anadromous include nelma, whitefish, sturgeon, muskun, omul, etc. They live in the bay, and rise up the Yenisei during spawning;
Diverse, living both in fresh water and in sea water;
Freshwater inhabitants of rivers (taimen, grayling, lenok, dace), lakes, as well as lake-river (chir, peled, etc.).
Among the northern fish, fish from the salmon family is especially valuable, the meat and red caviar of which are used for food, and are also processed into healthy foods: drugs, pet food, fertilizers, industrial fats, etc.
Commercial fish from the salmon family in the Krasnoyarsk Territory are whitefish and northern fish belonging to the same genus.
Whitefish have different sizes, growing up to a weight of 7-8 or more kilograms. There is more than one type of whitefish, differing in the number of gill rakers, the most famous of which are: common and lake whitefish, muksun, broad whitefish, peled. Most whitefish species prefer to live in clean clear water, saturated with oxygen, with the exception of the peled, which does not need much oxygen in the water.
Sigi have an adipose fin. They live in flocks, consisting of one-year-olds, feed mainly on plankton. But whitefish, whose gill rakers are rare, eat benthic organisms, because they do not know how to filter plankton. On occasion, they do not refuse to eat caviar or fish.
Peled has the ability to grow very fast, especially in the right conditions. But the chir grows slowly.
Whitefish spawn from early autumn to December in places with stagnant water, on reefs and pebble bottoms.
Yenisei whitefish has white meat High Quality. It is consumed boiled, fried, smoked and salted.
An important object of fishing among northern fish - chir(shokur). It has a small head and a strongly protruding upper jaw, and a fleshy body. Lives in rivers and lakes. The usual size is about half a meter, weight - about 3 kg, but sometimes reaches 10 kg.
It feeds on benthic larvae, mollusks, and crustaceans.
The mass run begins in August, spawning occurs at the beginning of October.
Chira is caught with nets; this is one of the main commercial fish.
Muksun or "royal fish" lives in the rivers and lakes of the region. In salted and smoked form, it is considered a real delicacy. Muksun fat is rich in valuable substances, it is easy to digest and very useful.
Highly appreciated by connoisseurs and meat Yenisei omul, very tender and juicy, dietary. It has so much fat that it does not need to add oil when cooking.
The Yenisei is the main habitat of nelma, a fish that has an unusually tasty delicacy meat that is easy to digest, very healthy and nutritious, rich in proteins, fats and amino acids.
Fish is supplied in bulk to Krasnoyarsk and around the region by the wholesale and retail company Intras-Krasnoyarsk LLC.
The company "Intras-Krasnoyarsk" carries out industrial processing fish, squid, makes preserves, produces semi-finished products from fish of northern species, smoked, dried, salted and fresh-frozen fish with the Severnoye Shosse trademark.
The Great Yenisei and taiga, the Arctic Circle and the Museum of Permafrost, Tunguska and Taimyr - all this is the Krasnoyarsk Territory, one of the most unique corners of our planet. It is here that the geographical center of Russia (Lake Vivi) is located and the extreme northern tip of Eurasia is located. It has its own Moscow (this is the name of one of the mountains in the Sayan mountains, and 99% of the platinum reserves of our country are concentrated here.
The Krasnoyarsk Territory occupies an area 10 times the size of the UK, with a fifth of the region located outside the Arctic Circle. Vegetation and animal world Krasnoyarsk Territory are unique. On the territory of the region there are 30 nature reserves, more than 300 thousand lakes, Bolshaya Oreshnaya is considered the longest cave in Russia, the Yenisei is the deepest river, and the Kinzelyuk waterfall is the largest in our country.
Flora of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
The Krasnoyarsk Territory stretched along the Yenisei in the center of the Eurasian continent. In the north of the region, arctic deserts with sparse vegetation prevail. A little to the south, the tundra zone begins, dominated by lichens, mosses and dwarf shrubs. Cereals, cabbage, cloves grow here, poppies are often found from flowers, 15 species of mushrooms, over 70 species of mosses and as many as 89 species of lichens were found.
There are even more mosses and lichens on Tamyr - over 200 species. But among the trees, Daurian larches are most often found.
The tundra is replaced by forest tundra, in the space of which there are rare thickets of deciduous trees.
But more than 70% of the region's territory is occupied by taiga. Majestic, richest in resources, taiga zone stretches for almost 1300 km along the Yenisei. Here grow larches, spruces, firs, tall taiga pines and unique Siberian cedars. Actually, over 80% of the forests of the Krasnoyarsk Territory are coniferous plants.
The southern part of the region is famous for its chernozem forest-steppes. This area is the most developed by man, and most of the area of the forest-steppe zone is plowed under the fields.
The forest-steppes border the edges of the steppe, most of which are concentrated in the Minusinsk depression. And in the very south rise the peaks of the Sayans - mountain system where nature has been preserved in its original form. This is a real oasis of virgin nature, carefully wrapped in a taiga cover and thoroughly penetrated by the crystal waters of rivers and lakes.
The most famous nature reserve in this area is "Pillars". Many plants of this region are listed in the Red Book: slippers, orchid, feathery feather grass, May palmate root.
Fauna of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
The fauna of this part of Siberia is incredibly rich. Species diversity gradually changes depending on the climate zone. If you group by type, you get the following picture:
Mammals. There are over 90 species of mammals in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Argali, rams, snow leopards are found in the mountains, in the north - polar bears and reindeer, in the steppe - shrews, wolves, hares, lynxes, ground squirrels and wolverines. But, of course, most of all mammals in the taiga are sable, arctic fox, ermine, squirrel, foxes, which have commercial value. On Stolby you can meet truly taiga animals - deer and elk, musk deer and martens live here, white hare and brown bears are found.
There are over 400 species of birds in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. These are storks and petrels, loons and geese, woodpeckers and cranes, swifts and flamingos. Galliformes, various species of geese, plovers, pigeons and pelicans are of commercial importance.
But there are few reptiles in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Only 4 species of snakes are known (vipers, snakes, snakes and muzzles) and 2 species of lizards (viviparous and nimble).
Amphibians are also sparingly represented. The most common are newts, frogs, toads and Siberian salamanders.
On the other hand, the ichthyofauna of the Krasnoyarsk Territory includes more than 50 species of fish, of which 22 are of commercial importance. The region is especially famous for salmon, smelt, carps, catfish, cod and pikes. Sturgeons, lampreys and catfish are caught here, and omul, breams, carps and ides are caught on Baikal.
Unfortunately, deterioration environmental situation led to the fact that more than 140 species of representatives of the fauna of the Krasnoyarsk Territory are currently listed in the Red Book. The rarest animals of the region, which once were its pride, now live only in reserves. These are red wolves, ibex, snow leopards, herring whales, fin whales, Siberian roe deer. Marals and Siberian sturgeon are also under the threat of extinction.
Climate in the Krasnoyarsk Territory
Climate in Krasnoyarsk Territory- sharply continental, since most of the territory is located far from the seas and oceans. There are three climatic zones in the region: temperate, arctic and subarctic. Therefore, the change of seasons occurs in different ways, depending on the climatic zone, proximity to the Arctic Circle and the proximity of the mountains.
In the north of the region, winter lasts a long time, and there are no more than 40 days a year when the air temperature warms up to +10 ° C. Here is short summer. And the cities of Igarka, Norilsk and Dudinka are generally referred to as points of the Far North.
Spring is short, but very stormy, filled with sunlight and intoxicating aroma of flowering plants.
In the central part of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, summer also does not last long, but in this region it is hot. In general, this part of the region is characterized by sharp temperature changes.
In the south of the region, summers are hot, and winters, although long, have little snow and are not so severe.
In the species ratio, insects of the Krasnoyarsk Territory are the most numerous. In total, about 2 thousand of these invertebrates live here. Insect pests, which pose a threat to forest plantations, attract the greatest attention. These are bark beetles and barbels, which annually destroy about 8 thousand hectares of forest. Also, bees, May beetles, and ants, admiral butterflies and mnemosynes, dybki, kuzki and krasotely live here.
Mammals of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
The climate of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is favorable for the habitat of such mammals as:
Common squirrel - used to be a game animal, but now their population has declined (now there are about 10-25 million individuals in the Krasnoyarsk Territory);
- the polar bear is the largest predator of the region (lives on the coast of the Northern Arctic Ocean and listed in the Red Book of Russia);
- white hare - inhabits the forest-tundra and the entire forest zone of the region, is an object of hunting;
- - inhabits the forest zone of the region, goes into hibernation (object of fur trade);
- Brown bear- represented in the entire forest zone of the region, at the moment, their number in the region reaches 15 thousand individuals;
- - families of mustelids of medium size (lives in the southern part of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, goes into hibernation for the winter, is an object of fishing);
- Siberian roe deer - lives in the southern and central regions edge, is an important object of hunting.
Otters, lemmings, moose, flying squirrels, weasels, foxes, manuls, marals, walruses, seals, wolverines and arctic foxes are also common here.
Birds of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
Cherneti - a representative of the genus of diving ducks, is an object of hunting in the region;
- lapwing - one of the most widespread waders, lives in meadows and coasts of the region, belongs to the objects of hunting;
- mallard - a representative of the duck family, forms an urban population in the region, an important object of hunting;
- harrier is a bird of prey from the hawk family, lives in the southern regions of the region, birds, small rodents and mammals.
Fish of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
Lenok is a fish of the salmon family, lives in rivers and lakes in the southern and central parts of the region, is a valuable commercial species;
- tench - a medium-sized fish of the carp family, found in lakes in the southern part of the region, a valuable object of fishing;
- burbot - a fish of the cod family, widespread throughout the Yenisei basin, is a commercial species, annually caught in the amount of about 500 tons;
- omul - a fish of the whitefish family, is the most important object of fishing, so its catch is strictly limited.
In addition, perch, ruffs, taimen, grayling, and charr are found here.
Most insects are solitary, but not bees. Bees live in families in hives, while separately each bee, from a biological point of view, is a female individual that is not capable of reproduction. A single bee, the queen, is responsible for updating the genus and replenishing the family. The uterus is many times larger than other bees, and such a bee can lay up to 2000 eggs per day.
Instruction
The maximum number of bees in one family can reach tens of thousands, and, of course, in order for all insects to be fed and protected, the hive must have some kind of organized management system. Interestingly, the vital activity of bees largely depends on their age.
Young working individuals, who are no more than 3-4 days old, are engaged in maintaining order, cleaning the hives. When they become adults, they can feed the larvae, and only at the age of about 20 days the bee flies out to collect honey. Older bees are engaged in the extraction of water for their hive, not flying far from home.
To date, scientists say that there are no guiding insects in the bee family, it is impossible to objectively name either the queen or the drone more important than the worker bee. Each insect performs its function, thanks to which the family of bees receives food, water, protection, and procreation.
Between themselves, the bees communicate with the help of sounds, tactile contacts, smell, food and chemical contacts, as well as with the help of the “bee dance”. Scientists conducted a variety of intellectual tests with insects and animals, if out of 100 points the wolf scores all 100, the dog 60, then the bee - about 50 points. This allows us to say that bees are, of course, extremely intelligent insects.
The queen bee produces a special substance that has a smell. Each bee family has its own smell of this, and a stranger will never be allowed into the hive. By smelling which family a bee belongs to, the insects can ensure that all the nectar harvested by the worker bees goes to their family, rather than being carried to neighboring hives. Bee families zealously protect their independence, preventing strangers from invading the territory of the hive. If the bee is left alone, even if there is food, it dies - these insects do not survive without a family.
Related videos
note
Interestingly, during periods when there are especially many flowers around, and the maximum amount of nectar can be collected, teenage bees that have reached 10 days of age also fly out of the hive. They help adult insects in the procurement of food.
As you know, on the eve of cold weather, most birds fly south to survive the winter in warm climes. But not all birds leave their homes in the fall - many remain for the winter. Each species has its own way of adapting to adverse conditions.
Instruction
Migratory birds are known to migrate south. Seasonal movements can be carried out both over long and fairly short distances. If a large birds move at a speed of up to 80 km / h, then small ones - at a speed of no more than 30 km / h. They carry out the flight in several stages with respite. Small birds can overcome up to 4000 km.
It is interesting to watch how they survive the winter. The brightest one is . The wintering place for black grouse is birch forests, as they feed on birch buds. In severe frosts these amazing birds burrow into the snow. They drop a snowdrift like a stone to break through its crust, and then with the help of wings they get to the loosest layers closer to the bottom. In such an impromptu shelter, black grouse hide from snowstorms and frosts.
Small birds inhabiting winter forests - tits, bullfinches, tap dances. Tits are quite unpretentious and can find food at any time of the year. They feed on insects and their eggs, tree bark, moss. Bullfinches usually inhabit aspen and birch forests. They are content plant food. Tap dancers move in flocks winter forests. Their main delicacy is alder.
Grouse, like no other birds, are adapted to long winterings. They annually grow a fringe of horny scales on their fingers, thanks to which they can hold even on icy branches.
White partridges have their own winter outfit: by the onset of cold weather, their paws are covered with feathers, which allows them to easily move around. loose snow. Partridge with equal ease avoids a meeting with a predator and earns its own food.
Jays and a number of other birds stock up for the winter throughout the year. They drag acorns, caterpillars, grains, etc. to wintering places.
Related videos
Sources:
- how animals live in winter in 2019
Mammals are among the most highly organized vertebrates. They appeared on Earth about 160-170 million years ago. The ancestors of modern mammals were the size of a rat and fed mainly on insects.
Instruction
Milk in females is produced by the mammary glands, which were formed from the sweat glands in the process of evolution. Thanks to gestation in the womb, live birth, feeding with milk and care for offspring, the safety of young animals is ensured in a wide variety of conditions.
Dimensions and appearance mammals are very heterogeneous. This one is represented by animals from 4 centimeters to 33 meters (pygmy shrew and blue whale). Mammals have two pairs of five-fingered limbs and teeth of different structure and function, located on the upper and lower jaws. The cervical spine consists of seven vertebrae and movably connects the trunk and head.
All mammals are highly organized nervous system. They have significantly developed cerebral cortex and sense organs - sight, hearing, smell, touch, taste. Circulatory system mammals is closed, the heart is four-chambered, the movement of blood in two circles of blood circulation - large and small.
Mammals can live in the most various conditions: on land and in water (sea and fresh), in soil and on the surface. Some representatives of the class have adapted to flying in the air ( the bats).
In total, there are now more than 5.5 thousand species of mammals, and they are widely settled throughout the world. The class Mammals includes two subclasses: Oviparous (First Beasts) and Real. The first include, for example, platypuses, prochidnas and echidnas, the second - all the rest.
note
All mammals of the First Beasts subclass are rare animals to be protected.
Everyone knows that the life of the forest is the breath of our planet. It is he who purifies the air and saturates it with oxygen. Even the familiar forest is full of amazing mysteries. Despite the alluring silence and peace, life reigns in it. The forest is inhabited by many animals, birds and insects. To notice this, just look around.
Instruction
in mixed and deciduous forests can be found hedgehog. This is a small animal on short legs, covered with needles with wool. As a rule, lives in Europe and the Far East. The animal leads a rather boring lifestyle: it sleeps during the day, and at night it feeds itself - birds. Hedgehogs are very useful in the forest and agriculture because they exterminate harmful insects and mice.
The fox lives in the forest in most of Asia and North America. It is considered a medium-sized predator. She has a warm coat and tail. The red-haired beauty prefers the edges of the mixed forest, the shores forest rivers and lakes. He likes to feast on mice, hares, fruits and berries. The fox is a useful animal that exterminates mouse-like rodents that harm cultivated plants.
In the forest-steppe zones and even in the steppe, you can see the wolf. It's pretty large animal with very strong legs, his coat is rough, but thick. It is widely distributed on the territory of Russia, successfully hunts wild ungulates (wild boar, elk), as well as domestic animals. Eats birds and carrion. In nature, the wolf is the healer of the animal population. It serves as a kind of forest filter, destroying sick and weak individuals.
The squirrel can be found in the taiga, mixed and deciduous forests. This very active animal with a fluffy tail and thick fur is popular throughout Russia, but you can also see it in the Crimea and even in the Caucasus. The squirrel feeds on seeds from cones, pine nuts, and berries. In addition, it destroys bird nests by eating eggs and chicks. The squirrel is a valuable fur-bearing animal.
Spotted - a very large animal that lives in deciduous forests. Its tail is long, and the horns have up to four processes, the hair on the body is coarse and brittle. The deer lives mainly in the Primorsky Territory, feeds on the leaves of trees and shrubs, acorns, and of course herbaceous plants. He also likes to feast on dry leaves and buds. Deer hunting is prohibited, as the animal is listed in the Red Book.
The badger is an active predator living in mixed forests. The body is massive, the legs are short, and the fur is coarse. Badgers live throughout Europe. During the day, they usually sit in a hole equipped with numerous exits, eat both plant and animal food. They also feed on berries, nuts, catch frogs and mice. A hunted animal is valued not only for fur, but also for meat and fat.
The tiger is considered the largest of the land predators. His body is flexible long tail, fangs are very developed. It is found in the Far East, mainly lives in mountain taiga and mixed forests. Silently moves, in the mountains and swims. It feeds on small animals and birds, but the wild boar is the main prey. Feel free to enjoy and plant food: nuts, herbs and fruits. Tiger - rare beast listed in the Red Book.
Burbot is freshwater fish. It makes very tasty dishes. Its meat is very tender. In order to catch this fish, you need to know its habitat, as it is very whimsical.
Fish resources
According to the Yenisei Territorial Administration state committee of the Russian Federation on fishing in the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory in 2007, no
Table 6.3 Information on the development of the allocated limits for the production of game animals in the hunting season of 2007 in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, including the Evenk and Taimyr municipal districts
significant changes in the fishery fund of reservoirs were not observed.
Against the background of the previous year and the last five years, the general state of the fishery water fund remains fairly stable and is generally assessed as quite satisfactory.
The ichthyofauna of the river basin. The Yenisei is represented by 50 species and subspecies of fish belonging to 13 families. Of these, 22 species are of commercial importance.
The most valuable part of the ichthyofauna includes representatives of:
sturgeon families - subspecies West Siberian sturgeon (Ob basin: Chulym and Ket rivers) and East Siberian sturgeon subspecies (Yenisei river with tributaries), sterlet (Ob and Yenisei river basins);
salmon families - taimen, lenok, arctic char, as well as the acclimatizer of the Barents-North Sea basin - pink salmon;
whitefish families - nelma, muksun, broad whitefish, Siberian vendace, omul, peled, tugun, valek and whitefish;
smelt family - Asian toothed smelt;
grayling family - West Siberian grayling.
The number of populations of endangered valuable species listed in the Red Books:
Russian Federation - subspecies West Siberian sturgeon (Ob sturgeon) and lenok (Ob river basin);
Krasnoyarsk Territory - sterlet (Angara and Ob populations), common valek (population of the Tuba river basin), sturgeon (Ob population), lenok (population living in the upper Chulym river, Ob river basin).
Fish species (categorized rare species) included in the Appendix to the Red Book of the Krasnoyarsk Territory:
Sterlet (population of the Sym River in the Yenisei basin);
Taimen (basins of the Yenisei and Ob rivers);
Valek (basin of the Yenisei River);
Yenisei river (hook-nosed) whitefish (basin of the Yenisei river);
Mokchegor (lake Makovskoe, Yenisei river basin);
Nelma (population of the Chulym River, Ob River basin).
The number of populations of the above "Red Book" species, as well as rare species listed in the Appendix of the Red Book of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, continues to remain in a depressed and extremely tense state.
The Ob basin within the region includes the lake-river systems of the Chulym and Ket rivers. The ichthyofauna of these rivers is represented by 30 species from 10 families. 6 species are of commercial importance, mainly from the families of cyprinids, perches, and pike. The stocks of the East Siberian sturgeon and Siberian sterlet, despite the efforts made in recent years for the artificial reproduction of these species, continue to remain in depressed state. Fishing for these fish species has been banned since 1998. Catch sturgeon fish carried out in extremely limited volumes - only for fish breeding and research purposes. The reduction in sturgeon stocks was caused by irrational fishing in the past, and subsequently by negative changes in their habitat (in particular, a violation of the hydrological and hydrothermal regimes as a result of the construction of a hydroelectric cascade on the Yenisei River and its tributaries, as well as pollution aquatic environment heavy metal compounds, petroleum products and other harmful ingredients).
Fish of the salmon family are quite rare in commercial catches, but are of great interest as objects of sport and recreational fishing. The range of lake char is extremely limited - this species is found in small volumes only in a number of large lakes in the Krasnoyarsk Arctic (lakes Makovskoye, Sovetskoye, Nalimye and Munduiskoye). Taimen and lenok, on the contrary, are widespread in mountain river systems edge, but their number, especially taimen, is small, moreover, under the significant pressure of "shadow" fishing (poaching), continues to maintain a downward trend.
The grayling family on the territory of the region is represented by one subspecies - the West Siberian grayling, which prefers mountain watercourses. The state of the stocks of this subspecies, as the most traditional and massive object of recreational fishing, is generally assessed as tense (especially in the central and southern regions of the region).
The state of commercial stocks of white salmon, broad whitefish, vendace, whitefish (whitefish family) is assessed as very tense, and peled - satisfactory. At the same time, over the past five years (in relation to the forecast estimates of the Federal State Scientific Institution "NIIERV" in terms of the total allowable catch - "TAC"), there has been a steady downward trend in omul stocks, and in 2004-2007, taking into account the TAC value, the number of commercial herd of muksun. This indicates, in general, the unfavorable state of the fish habitat in the lower reaches of the river. Yenisei (including the Yenisei Bay) and, accordingly, commercial stocks of almost the entire group of anadromous Yenisei ichthyofauna. The state of stocks of the smallest representative of the whitefish family, the tugun, in the past, one of the main objects of the fishery of the river, remains extremely unfavorable. Yenisei and its tributaries in the region.
The commercial size of the population of Asian toothed smelt (smelt family), in the past one of the main objects of fishing in the river. Yenisei is also at a low level. The state of stocks of this species is assessed as very tense. At present, smelt has moved from the category of commercial objects to an object of amateur and sport fishing.
The state of stocks of partial fish (roach, dace, perch, bream, etc.), which form the basis of catches in the region, as well as burbot, is generally quite stable and is assessed as satisfactory. Most of these species, especially from the “small part” group (roach, perch, dace, crucian carp, ruff), are underutilized by fisheries and there are real opportunity optimization of their catch by increasing the volume of withdrawal by increasing the intensity of production in the water bodies being developed by fishing, as well as involving in the economic turnover of lateral and remote lake-river systems not covered by fishing.
TAC volumes established in 2007 aquatic biological resources and quotas for all river basins (taking into account all categories of fishing) were mastered by 33.1%. At the same time, the development of "industrial" quotas amounted to 31.2%.
In 2007, fishing was carried out on the rivers of the Yenisei, Pyasina, Khatanga, Chulym basins, individual lakes of these basins, as well as Lake Taimyr; reservoirs - Sayano-Shushensky, Krasnoyarsk, Ust-Khantaisky and Bereshsky. Industrial fishing in 2007 was carried out by 246 users, including 96 legal entities and 150 unincorporated entrepreneurs.
As in previous years, most of the lakes and the accessory lake-river system in northern regions the edges.
The recorded commercial catch of fish in natural water bodies of the Krasnoyarsk Territory (merged with the Taimyr and Evenk municipal regions) in 2007 amounted to 1954.255 tons.
The main volume of fish production (in 2007 - 76.2%) falls on the Yenisei fishery basin. The leading commercial value in the river basin. The Yenisei have reservoirs of the Yenisei cascade of hydroelectric power stations, mainly Krasnoyarsk - 43.3% of the commercial catch in the region. The commercial catch of fish in the Krasnoyarsk reservoir in 2007 amounted to 645.32 tons.
In 2007, in the commercial catches of the Krasnoyarsk Territory (excluding the Taimyr Municipal District), the basis of the fishery is still the “small part” group (mainly perch and roach), which accounts for 66.11% (Table 6.4). The group "large part" is 21.96%. On the contrary, in the Taimyr MR, the whitefish group dominates, which accounts for 86.11%. The share of burbot in catches is 5.62%. In commercial catches in 2007, 21 species of fish are recorded.
Table 6.4 Characteristics of commercial catches in fishery reservoirs of the Krasnoyarsk Territory in 2007 (according to FGU "Yeniseyrybvod"), tons
The catch in the Evenki municipal district (industrial fishing) in 2007 amounted to 5.38 tons.
For 2007, the total allowable catches (TAC) and quotas for catching valuable and commercial fish species in the amount of 6248.93 tons (including sturgeon) were established for the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
The actual recorded catch in the Krasnoyarsk Territory (taking into account the volume of recreational fishing under paid licenses, resource provision research work, reproduction and control catches) amounted to only 2065.97 tons, i.e. development of TAC - 33.1%.
In the Yenisei River basin, the development of the TAC amounted to 36.1% (TAC - 4394.89 tons), the actual catch (taking into account all categories of fishing) - 1587.794 tons.
In the Chulym river basin, the development of the TAC was 8.4% (TAC - 180.0 tons), the actual catch (taking into account all categories of fishing) - 15.156 tons.
In the Pyasina river basin, the development of the TAC amounted to 24.8% (TAC - 391.62 tons), the actual catch (taking into account all categories of fishing) - 97.04 tons.
In the Khatanga River basin, the development of the TAC amounted to 31.3% (the established TAC - 1127.42 tons), the actual catch (taking into account all categories of fishing) - 352.48 tons.
In the Taimyr River basin, the development of the TAC amounted to 8.7% (TAC - 155.0 tons), the actual catch (taking into account all categories of fishing) - 13.5 tons.
In 2007 on water bodies in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, measures were taken to artificially reproduce aquatic biological resources(cultivation and introduction of viable juveniles into water bodies) and amelioration of fishery water bodies aimed at increasing the number of natural populations and improving the habitats of valuable fish species.
As a protective measure, the ban on industrial fishing for sturgeon, sterlet, fishing for taimen, nelma and some other fish species was allowed only for certain specialized categories of fishing (control, research, sports and amateur, artificial reproduction) in limited volumes.
In 2007, measures were taken to rear and introduce young sturgeons into the Yenisei River, salmonids and whitefish- in the reservoirs of the Norilo-Pyasinsky lake-river system, state of the art whose natural populations are estimated in gradations from "tense" to "depressive".
In 2007, the formation of a sturgeon brood stock was continued using industrial technology of keeping. The number of broodstock is 1390 individuals, it is represented by four age generations of Siberian sturgeon and five generations of sterlet (approval act dated November 30, 2007). In 2007, 1.801 million fish were grown and released into the Yenisei River at fish farms. Juvenile sturgeon average weight 1.05÷1.58 years (sturgeon - 1.339 million ind.; sterlet - 0.462 million ind.), including from reproductive generations of the brood stock - 0.101 million ind. juvenile sterlet. In 2007, 0.7 mln. juveniles of valuable commercial fish species, including char - 0.155; grayling - 0.470; whitefish - 0.075 million copies.
In the lake commercial fish farms (OTRKh) of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, 0.974 million specimens were grown and released into feeding reservoirs. yearlings of peled. The total catch of marketable fish in the feeding waters of the OTRKh (Bolshoe, Beloe) amounted to 367.4 tons, including 47.17 tons from ongoing fish breeding activities.
In 2007, land reclamation work was carried out on the river. Yenisei and its tributaries, the Krasnoyarsk reservoir, as well as in the lakes of the Ob River basin.
In 2007, land reclamation work on fishery reservoirs to improve the conditions for feeding, wintering and spawning of commercial fish, equipping fishing areas and clearing the coastal zone was carried out by users of aquatic biological resources. The amount of financial investments amounted to 566.7 thousand rubles.
In the future, a reprint of the Red Books of Animals and Plants will be required in connection with the unification of the region with the Taimyr and Evenk Autonomous Regions. The list of mammals will be replenished by the inclusion of pinnipeds, cetaceans and some other animals living in the northern seas.
The number of species inhabiting the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation (by category), taking into account the northern territories of the Taimyr and Evenki municipal districts, is presented in Table 6.7.
Table 6.7. The number of species inhabiting the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation
Taking into account the northern territories, 19 species of mammals live in the united region, including the polar bear - Ursus maritimus; walrus (Atlantic subspecies) - Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus; walrus (Laptev subspecies) Odobenus rosmarus laptevi; bighorn sheep (Putorana subspecies) Ovis nivicola borealis; narwhal - Monodon monoceros. 3 species listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation have been added to the class of birds ( northern territories): ivory gull (Pagophila eburnean); Atlantic black goose (Branta bernicla hrota); white-billed loon (Gavia adamsii).
As of January 1, 2008, there were 11 specially protected natural areas of federal significance in the territory of the united Krasnoyarsk Territory, including: 3 state natural biosphere reserves, 4 state natural reserve, 1 national park, 1 ecological and ethnographic reserve, 1 state nature reserve, 1 state natural zoological reserve; 88 specially protected natural territories (PAs) of regional significance have been established and are functioning, including 55 natural monuments. The health and drug supply agency of the administration of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is in charge of 3 resorts and 5 medical and recreational areas of regional significance.
KRASNOYARSK, March 3 - RIA Novosti, Anton Andreev. international day wildlife celebrated on Monday. RIA Novosti has compiled the top 10 most rare species of animals included in the Red Book of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and endangered.
CITES countries declare March 3 as International Wildlife DayParticipating countries have declared March 3rd as International Wildlife Day and have accepted the offer of the Republic of South Africa to host the Seventeenth COP in 2016.According to the compilers of the Red Book of the region, the study of many rare species in the region leaves much to be desired: first of all, due to the extremely vast territory (2.36 million square kilometers) and the lack of scientists working on counting the number of animals. Sometimes compilers had to rely only on data received from hunters.
1. Red wolf. This is the rarest and, probably, almost extinct species of the fauna of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. However, from time to time hunters see this animal in the Yermakovsky district in the south of the region. So, in 2002, a hunter in the Karatuz region saw a red wolf. In 2008, one predator was noted near the village of Upper Kuzhebar on the Amyl River.
In the same year, several individuals were seen on the Mirskaya River. In the Western Sayan, a wolf was encountered in the upper reaches of the Abakan River. A survey of Old Believer hunters confirmed the presence of this wolf in the Agul river basin and on the Kryzhina ridge.
2. Siberian goat, or ibex, like the red wolf, belongs to the species that have practically disappeared on the territory of the region. Once this animal lived in the vast territory of the Sayans and the spurs of the Sayan. In the Paleolithic sites, the remains of an ibex have been found near Krasnoyarsk and in the area of the mouth of the Biryusa River. Now individuals of the Siberian goat are extremely rare in the mountains in the south of the region.
The main threat to the Siberian goat population is predators and competition for food with other herbivores.
3. Irbis, or snow leopard listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, according to zoologists, up to 60-65 individuals of the snow leopard can live. The largest group (about 20 individuals) was found on the territory of the Sayano-Shushensky Reserve.
© Photo: courtesy of Sayano-Shushensky State Natural Biosphere Reserve.
© Photo: courtesy of Sayano-Shushensky State Natural Biosphere Reserve.
Small population snow leopard- a consequence of a decrease in the number of ungulates and, first of all, the Siberian goat. Serious damage to predator populations is caused by poaching.
4. Northern fin whale or herring whale lives off the Arctic coast of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, but its abundance in this area has been little studied. In general, the herring whale population on the planet has a tendency to a sharp decrease in numbers, the species is included in the international and Russian Red Books.
The main reason for the decline in numbers is excessive fishing. Between 1868-1967 in North Atlantic 57 thousand fin whales were mined. The current population is unknown.
In 1950, a case of a northern fin whale swimming in the Yenisei 400 kilometers up the river was recorded.
5. Lenok- a fish that is on the verge of extinction of the population, is listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation. In the Krasnoyarsk Territory, it is found in the tributaries and upper reaches of the Chulym River in a very limited area.
The factors causing the extinction of the lenok are the pollution of rivers, the reduction of spawning grounds during the development of alluvial gold deposits along the valleys of the Chulym tributaries, and poaching.
6. Siberian roe deer. Only two limited populations of this species live in the region (in the forest-steppe of the Achinsk and Bogotol regions and in the Sukhobuzim region) with a total number of 410-440 individuals. Over the past 15-20 years, the total number of roe deer has decreased by about a third.
The reasons for the decline are poaching and habitat loss due to economic activity person.
7. Atlantic walrus subspecies listed in the international and Russian Red Books. It also lives on the Arctic coast of the Krasnoyarsk Territory - in the Kara Sea and the Laptev Sea. The number in these areas is unknown, since no work has been carried out to account for individuals. In general, the planet is experiencing a sharp decline in this species.
8. Gray goose. According to the compilers of the Red Book of the region, this species of birds has always been the main object of hunting in the region and it had to be included in the list of specially protected ones due to a catastrophic decline in numbers. In addition to such a negative factor as hunting, the death of birds on wintering grounds from viral infections, including influenza A, is also noted.
A reserve for the conservation of maral has been created in the Krasnoyarsk TerritoryThe reserve "Byuzinsky" was created in the Krasnoyarsk Territory to restore the livestock of deer ( red deer), the press service of the Directorate for Specially Protected natural areas(SPNA).9. Red deer, or deer. In the Krasnoyarsk Territory, there is only an isolated population of this species, and it is in last years is under threat of extinction. Almost completely the deer population lives within the "Arga" nature reserve (Bogotol and Achinsk districts). Until recently, the maral also lived on the Solgon Ridge, where, according to the latest data, it is no longer found. According to the regional Red Book, in 2004 there were about 5.5 thousand deer in the region. Later accounting work was not carried out.
10. Siberian sturgeon. This species, listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, has an extremely limited habitat in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the population is under threat of extinction. It lives in the Chulym River in the west of the region and in the Arctic in the Pyasina River basin. The number of both populations has not been calculated, but there is an ongoing decline due to poaching.
Loading...
