Reserves are special areas created to restore endangered species. They preserve the species and their natural habitat: relief, soil, reservoirs. It follows from this that it is impossible to hunt on the territory of the reserves. Also, deforestation, planting of cultivated plants and other economic activities are also prohibited. Usually on the territory of the reserves it is impossible to pass just like that, but there are exceptions. To do this, it is necessary to obtain a special permission from the Ministry of Summary of the Russian Federation or the leadership of the reserve. Of course, in such a great place as the Krasnoyarsk Territory, there are its reserves.
Big Arctic Reserve of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
Interestingly, this reserve, founded in 1993, is the largest in Eurasia. Its area is 2,007,069 hectares. The reserve includes a portion of the Taimyr Peninsula, some nearby islands and archipelagoes, as well as marine space, bays and bays in this zone. All this huge space is divided into 35 "contours".
The reserve presents two natural zones: Arctic tundras and arctic deserts. It is common in a multi-year permotion with a depth of 200 to 900 meters away, depending on the locality. Snow in the "Great Arctic" falls at the beginning of autumn, and by the end of the first month there is a steady snow cover, and it only comes off at the beginning of summer.
Flora Reserve is richer than fauna: 162 species of higher plants, 89 species of moss (which indicates an exceptionally clean air), 15 types of mushrooms (including a rare white-skinned fiberboard), 70 types of lichens.
Poohoral Reserve of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
The reserve is named after the Putarano Plateau, located in the north-west of Siberia, on which it is located. It is designed to protect the natural landscapes of these beautiful places, as well as plants and animals living there, in particular a snow ram, listed in the Red Book of Russia and the largest population of wild reindeer.
Thanks to the combination of taiga, timber tundra and the Arctic desert at the mountain range, located on the territory of the reserve, as well as virgin lakes and rivers, he is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Krasnoyarsk Territory Pillars
The reserve is relatively small (area - 47.2 thousand hectares), was founded on the initiative of the residents of Krasnoyarsk to keep the "pillars" - the rocks of a special form.
"Poles" are allowed for visiting tourists. There you can spend time surrounded by the indescribable beauty of the nature of the reserve, play sports, in particular climbing. The relaxed atmosphere and nature have to communicate, interesting acquaintances and new friends. This type of tourism has its own name - pillars. There are also "wild pillars", located in the depths of the reserve. The passage is prohibited.
Flora and the fauna of the reserve are rich in red-born species. If you are lucky, you will see rare birds and animals in a natural habitat.
Krasnoyarsk Territory is a great place. And best of all the virgin beauty of his nature has been preserved in reserves. If you fell a chance to get into one of them - use it, and get a lot of positive emotions.
"Tahtai"
The state biological reserve of the regional value with a total area of \u200b\u200b14367 hectares is located on the territory of the Ermakovsky district. The main goal of its creation is to protect the mass reproduction of mammals (moose, maral, roe), moose crystal clusters and maras, as well as spawning places of valuable salmon fish.
In addition, the main objectives of the Takhtai reserve includes the maintenance of optimal conditions for breeding and migration of animals, the preservation and reproduction of the plant world, including the types listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and the Red Book of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, as well as environmental monitoring and research work .
Creating the reserve "Tahtay" was announced back in 2004 as part of the WWF shares "Gift Earth". Then the governor of the Krasnoyarsk Territory Alexander Khloponin promised to increase the area of \u200b\u200bthe PAs in the edge of two times.
"Zhura"
The reserve is located in the central part of the Balahtinsky district. Its area is 27.5 thousand hectares. The purpose of the organization is to create conditions for the reproduction of hunting resources, the preservation of rare and under threat of extinction of animal and plants.
14 species of animals live on the territory of the reserve and six species of plants listed in the Red Book of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The main ways of migration of Kosley are also located within the boundaries of the protected area. Every year there are over 100 individuals.
"TIBINSKY"
Located on the territory of the Irbean district. The area of \u200b\u200bthe protected area is 60 thousand hectares.
On the territory of the reserve there are Sapsan, the taughty, black stork, gray crane, taimen, elk, maral, kabagra, lynx, sable, mink, dehumiere, Tewer, Harius. Employees of the reserve ensure the protection of wild animals and their habitats, systematically conduct accounting of the number of protected animals, feed them, save their distressive animals and assist them.
The reserve is prohibited by hunting and fishing, the collection of eggs, construction, ameliorative work, including the drainage of the marshes and the hide of the river bed, the use of nadochymiruses, the disintegration of land and cutting down. Visiting the reserve without a special permission is also prohibited.
"Kandat"
Educated in 1974 on the territory of the Tujtetsky, Bigulus and Byrilus districts in order to preserve, restore and reproduction of river beaver, as well as other valuable hunting and fishing species of animals and fish together with their habitat. Since 2013, the goal of the reserve is to preserve and restore the number of rare and endangered species of animals and plants, protection and reproduction of hunting resources, animal species, valuable in economic, scientific and aesthetic relations, as well as the protection of their habitats.
"Mashukovsky"
Located in the territory of Motginsky and Taseyevsky districts. Created in 2004 to protect and reproduce the hunting and fishing species of animals, preserving and restoring the number of rare and endangered species of animals and birds, as well as their habitats.
The reserve is the most important link for the protection of Siberian roeblers and a particularly significant habitat of a large group of elk during migration and wintering.
Reserve "Agap"
Sapsana's nesting place and urban barrels. The reserve is located on the territory of the Taimyr municipal district, on the left bank of the River Tileyna. Area - 90 thousand hectares.
Educated in 2013 in order to preserve rare and endangered species of flora and fauna listed in the Red Book of Russia and the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Here are inhabited in special attention: Blinding Gagara, Red Country Casher, Small Swan, Steppe Lun, Orlan-Belochpów, Sapsan, Chernozey Gagara, West Tund Humenik, Sick, White Owl, Zimnyak, East Clum.
Among the plants, the security is subject to: Necessacre Arkosibirsk, Single-Flood, Pyreneik, High Arctic, Goldistorette, Karlov Skiptere, Northern Squeezer, Montalipis Asian, Dandelion Koryakov and other species.
Representatives of the indigenous small peoples of the North are allowed economic activity within the boundaries of the allocated areas, as well as the traditional fishery, except for the types of animal and birds listed in the Red Book.
The employees of the reserve take care of the preservation of the natural complexes of the Agap River Valley, in particular, the nurses that are potentially suitable for the nesting of the Sapsana and the Red Corrigs, support optimal conditions for the preservation, restoration and reproduction of the objects of the animal world.
Reserve "Krasnoyarsk"
The PAs is formed in the territory within a radius of 50 km around the regional capital. The Krasnoyarsky reserve is located on the lands of Berezovsky, Balachtinsky, Emelyanovsky, Mansky districts, the city of Divnogorsk and the suburbs of Krasnoyarsk. The total area is 348,314 thousand hectares
Krasnoyarsk was formed on April 20, 2010 in order to preserve the biological and landscaped diversity of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, as well as forests around the city.
Under the protection of birds and animals listed in the Red Book of Russia and the Krasnoyarsk Territory. These include: Kabarga, Koslie Siberian, Maral, Lynx, River Otter, Black Stork, Swan-Clikun, Berkut, Motley Drozd, Gray Duck and about 40 species of birds. In addition, fish is guarded: Valek, River Sig, Tait, about ten species of insects and 20 plants.
In the reserve it is forbidden to clog the earth with waste, burn grass, lead the hunt, wash vehicles within the coastal strip of rivers, streams and lakes, cut down a forest on an industrial scale. At the same time, it is allowed to relax here, put tents, collect berries and mushrooms for your own needs.
Reserve "Turukhansky"
Under the special protection there are swan-clikun and an eagle-whiteoker. Turukhansky is located on the territory of the Turukhansky district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Its southern, southeast and southwestern borders take place on the borders of the Central Siberian State Reserve. From other sides, the reserve is limited by the banks of the North River, includes basins of the rivers of the Varlamki, the fork and the birch river. The total area of \u200b\u200bthe reserve is 126.9 thousand hectares.
The Tourukhan reserve was organized in 1981 for the protection and reproduction of hunting and fishing species of animals, preserving and restoring the number of rare and endangered species of animals and birds, as well as to protect their habitats.
On the territory inhabit: inhabit, orlan-Belochvost, Filin, Swan-Clikun, North Forest Deer. The reserve the hunting and fishing species of animals are also found, which are also protected: elk, sable, deaf, Ryabchik. Elovo-cedar forests predominate in the reserve, birch and larch are found.
It is forbidden to hunt here, and you can only fish on a specially designated area under the control of huntsmen. Tourism and other forms of organized holidays on the territory are prohibited.
Below is a list of Russia's reserves, with a short description.
Altai Reserve
Founded in 1932 (in modern borders since 1967). The area is 863.9 thousand hectares (wooded - 248.2 thousand hectares) Altai Territory. Forests mountain and taiga larch, cedar-larch, fir-cedar, alpine. In the flora 1500 species, a lot of valuable plants: Golden root, orchids, Marali Root. Fauna: Elk, Maral, Altai Mountain Baran, Sable, Snow Bars, Altai Ular, Black Stork, White Partridge, etc.
Baikal Reserve
Founded in 1969 area - 165.7 thousand hectares (timber-plated-117.2 thousand hectares). Buryatia. The southern coast of Baikal and the Hamar Daban Ridge. Dark-dunk complex - spruce-cedar, fir-fir taiga. In the flora 777 species. Fauna: Maral, Kabarga, Kaban, Koslya, Lynx, Elk, Sable, Brown Bear, Wolverine, Alpine Polevka, Break-Belyak, Food, Protein, etc.
Barguzinsky Reserve
Founded in 1916. The area is 263.2 thousand hectares (timber-plated -162.9 thousand hectares). Buryatia. The coast of Lake Baikal. Larch, Darkness Taiga (spruce, fir, Siberian cedar), thickets of cedar stabinations. Flore 600 species. Fauna: Maral, Kabagra, Barguzinskaya Sable, Brown Bear, Black-haired Severob, Baikal Nerpe (Baikal Endemic).
Bashkir Reserve
It was founded in 1930. Square -72.1 thousand hectares (wooded - 63.9 thousand hectares). Bashkia. Western slopes of the Southern Urals. Pine-gliding, pine-birch (with the larch of the Siberian) forest. In the flora 703 of the species, including 50 rare. Fauna: Elk, Maral, Koslya, Brown Bear, Forest Cork, etc. Among the birds there are rare types: Eagle-grain and Filin.
Numbekhgsky Reserve
Founded in 1964. The area is 45 thousand hectares (wooded - 41.6 thousand hectares). Khabarovsk region. Vegetation from the East Esibirsk, Okhotsk-Manchurian and Southwurster Taiga; Coniferous-decide forests. In the flora 742 of the species (150 species of trees, shrubs, liana): Spruce Yel Ayanskaya, Fir Block, Cedar Korean, Velvet Amur, Walnut Manchu, Lemongrass, Aralia, Eleutrococcus, Aktinidia, Amur Grapes, Ryabina Amur, etc. Fauna: Raisubra, Kabagra , Koslya, Kaban, Black Himalayan Bear, Lynx, Sable, Poloz Schrenk, etc.
Visimsky Reserve
Founded in 1971. The area is 13.3 thousand hectares (wooded - 12.7 thousand hectares). Sverdlovsk region. The slopes of the Middle Urals with Yuzhnownaya Forests from the ate of Siberian, Fir and Cedar of Siberian, Pine Ordinary. In the flora 404 species. Fauna: Lynx, Bear, Forest Cute, Columns, Mink, Otter, Ermine, Ferret, Chore, Hawk, Hawk, and DR.
Volzhsko-Kamsky Reserve
Founded in 1960 area - 8 thousand hectares (wooded - 7.1 thousand hectares). Republic of Tatarstan. Consists of two sites: Raifsky and Saraulovsky - on the border of the taiga zones and coniferous-decide forests. Flore 844 species. In Raifa, a valuable arboretum from 400 species of trees and shrubs from North. America, Asia, Europe. Mixed forests with an oak of a cherry, a lime of a heart-colored, pine, spruce, fir Siberian and others. Fauna includes forest and steppe types: brown bear, lynx, forest ferret, ermine, caress, forest cunning, reddish Suslik, Ontatra, Cereal, Suslik, Deaf cuckoo and others.
Darwin Reserve
Founded in 1945. The area is 112.6 thousand hectares (wooded - 47.4 thousand hectares). Vologda and Yaroslavl region. Summaged pine bors, birch-pine forests. In the flora 547 species. Fauna: Elk, Koslya, Brown Bear, Badger, Lynx, Protein; 230 species of birds, including TETERYEV, Ceremonic (there is a deep farm); During the span, especially a lot of waterfowl.
Zhigulevsky Reserve
Founded in 1927 (in modern borders since 1966). The area is 19.1 thousand hectares (wooded - 17.7 thousand hectares). Kuibyshev region Coniferous-decide forests with the relics of the tertiary period and the endemics of the Zhiguli. In the flora 520 species (there are rare). Fauna: Elk, Koslya, Badger, more than 140 nesting species of birds.
Crydevsky Scientific and Experienced Reserve
Founded in 1929. The area is 125 thousand hectares (wooded - 79 thousand hectares). Kalininskaya region Mixed forests from ate, pine, birch, aspen. Fauna: Elk, Maral, Koslya, Kaban, Hares (Belyak and Rusak). Breeding valuable animals (deer, beaver, boar).
Zeysky Reserve
Founded in 1963. The area is 82.6 thousand hectares (timber-plated -75.1 thousand hectares). Amur region East East-Bird Mountain Pine-Larch (from Larch Daurus) Forest with elements of the Manchu Flora. Fauna: Razubr, Elk, Koslya, Kabagra, Sable, Brown Bear, Columns, Three Paled Woodpecker, Stone Dell. Forecasting changes in the natural environment under the influence of the Zeyskaya HPP.
Ilmensky Reserve
Founded in 1920. The area is 30.4 thousand hectares (wooded - 25.9 thousand hectares). Chelyabinsk region Mineralogical Museum in Nature (150 minerals). Larch-pine, pine-birch and birch forests. In the flora 815 species, many relics.
Kandalaksha Reserve
Founded in 1932. The area is 61.0 thousand hectares (forest-painted not taken into account). Murmansk region Plots of the tundra, forest tundra and forests of the northern taiga subzones: fir and pine forests. Flore 554 species. Complex of the North Island Fauna (Seal, Kair, Gaga, etc.); On the islands of the famous "bird bazaars".
Reserve "Cedar Pad"
Founded in 1916. Square-17.9 thousand hectares (wooded - 13.1 thousand hectares). Primorsky Krai. Southern, coniferous-wide, broad-sized (oak and lime) forests. In the forests, the combination of the northern and southern species of flora. From 834 species 118 - Wood breeds: Oak Mongolian, Keedr Korean, Fir-blown and black, Birch Schmidt, Walnut Manchursky, Tis Pointed, Dimorfant, Ilm Belokorny, Velvet Amur, Limondure Chinese, Aktinidia, Lubanich, Grapes Amur, Eleutherokok, valuable relic ginseng. Fauna: Ussuri Tubertos, Giant Barochka, Leopard, Amur Cat, Spotted Deer, Himalayan Bear, Harza, Otter, Retal Dog, etc.
Reserve "Kivach"
Founded in 1931. The area is 10.5 thousand hectares (wooded - 8.7 thousand hectares). Karelia. Waterfall "Kivach", pine and fir forests subzones of middle taiga (western sector). Flore 559 species. In the fauna, representatives of the average taiga (forest lemming, protein, elk, three-pailed woodpecker), southern forest and forest-steppe species (mouse-baby, quail, corrider, tightening, gray partridge, etc.).
Komsomolsky Reserve
Founded in 1963. The area is 32.2 thousand hectares (wooded - 19.6 thousand hectares). Khabarovsk region. Fir-fir taiga with sections of cedar-decide and light-king forests. There are relics of plants and animals; Screenshotis Keta and Gorbushi.
Kronotsky Reserve
Founded in 1967. The area is 964 thousand hectares (timber-plating - 606.7 thousand hectares). Kamchatka region , geysers. In the flora there are about 800 species, including Relief fir graceful. Forests from birch stone, thickets of cedar and ohlkov stabes. Fauna: Kamchatka Sable, Snow Baran, Northern Deer, et al. In the coastal waters of a silence frying, ringed nerver, Larga.
Lazovsky Reserve
Founded in 1957. The area is 116.5 thousand hectares (wooded - 111.5 thousand hectares). Primorsky Krai. Southern part xp. Sikhote-Alin with Islands Petrova and Beltsova. Cedar-wide forests with typical representatives of Manchu Flora (1271 species, including 57 endemics and 20 rare); Among the trees of Linden Manchu and Amur, Velvet Amur, Aralia; Liana - grapes, actinidium, lemongrass, as well as ginseng and Eleutherococcus. In the fauna Amur Goylo, spotted deer, raisub, the Himalayan Bear, Pheasant, Amur Tiger, Manchursky Hare, Mogeler.
Lapland Reserve
Founded in 1930. The area is 161.3 thousand hectares (wooded - 84.1 thousand hectares). Murmansk region Swimming pool Oz. Imandra. Northea rack resistant fir and pine forests. In the flora 608 species. In the fauna, wild reindeer, Elk, Kunitsa, Mornosttai, Wolverine, Norwegian lemming, otter, and others. Revolimized beaver.
Nature Reserve "Malaya Society"
Founded in 1976. Area - 92.9 thousand hectares (timber-plating-80.2 thousand hectares). Tyumen region, Khanty-Mansiysk Nats. District. Pine bors of the subzones of middle taiga. Flore 353 species. In the fauna, the local population of river beauty and valuable types of hunting animals.
Mordovian Reserve
Founded in 1935. The area is 32.1 thousand hectares (wooded - 32.0 thousand hectares). Mordovia. On the border of the zones of broad forest and forest-steppe. Pine bors of different types prevail (from lichen to sphagnum), floodly oaks, as well as lime, aspen and birch forests. In the flora 1010 species. In the fauna, the exhaust, elk, hares (whitak and rusak), Lynx, Ceremc, Ryabchik, Tetra, Black Stork, Philin, et al. Re-acclimatized roela and beaver; Acclimatized MARAL, spotted deer, raccoon dog, ondatra.
Oksky Reserve
Founded in 1935. The area is 22.9 thousand hectares (wooded - 19.4 thousand hectares). Ryazan region Pine and wide forests. In the flora 800 species, including 69 rare and 5 disappearing. In the fauna there are a number of rare species: exhaust, otter, black stork, eagle-white cooling and other reversible beaver.
Pechoro Ilych Reserve
It was founded in 1930. Square - 721.3 thousand hectares (timber plating - 612.2 thousand hectares). Komi Republic. Coniferous forests of middle taiga subzones and mountain tundra of the Northern Urals. In the flora 700 species, including 6 endemics, 7 rare and 11 disappearing. In the fauna elk, forest reindeer, wolf, wolverine, otter, mink, sable, Kidus, etc. Revoclamirized beaver.
Pinezhsky Reserve
Founded in 1975. The area is 41.2 thousand hectares (wooded - 37.9 thousand hectares). Arkhangelsk region North-Neckline European Forests with Siberian Representatives (El Sibirskaya et al.) And characteristic of the North Taiga fauna.
Prioksko-terrace reserve
It was founded in 1948. Square -4.9 thousand hectares (timber-plated - 4.7 thousand hectares). Moscow region Pine and large forests in the south of the coniferous-wide zone. Plots of relict steppe vegetation. In the flora there are about 900 species. In the fauna elk, boar, roe, deer; Revoclimatized beaver. In the reserve, the central token nursery, a tribal bison book is conducted.
Sayano Shushensky Reserve
Founded in 1976. The area is 389.6 thousand hectares (wooded - 245.6 thousand hectares). Krasnoyarsk region. Mining and forest formations of cedar, fir, fir forests. In the fauna, the Siberian mountain goat, the mountain and taiga reindeer, maral; From rare - red wolf and Altai Ular, listed in the Red Book.
Sikhote-Alinsky Reserve
Founded in 1935. The area is 340.2 thousand hectares (wooded - 339.7 thousand hectares). Primorsky Krai. Cedar-deciduous forests (Korean cedar, lemongrass, eleutherococcus), spruce-fir taiga, forests from stone birch, thickets of cedar staber. In the flora of 797 species, including 100 endemics. Fauna: Kaban, Razubr, Koslya, Tiger, Himalayan and Brown Bears, Groa, Kabagra, Spotted Deer, Sable, Harza, Fishille, Mandarinka, etc.
Soklandinsky Reserve
Founded in 1974. The area is 210 thousand hectares (timber-plating - 147.0 thousand hectares). Chita region Typical Siberian Taiga - light and darkened (cedar) forest formations with steppe islands. In the flora 280 species, including rare 42. Fauna: Elk, Razubr, Koslya, Kabarga, Lynx, Sable, Stone Cereal, Bearded Partridge, etc.
Pillar Reserve
Founded in 1925. The area is 47.2 thousand hectares (timber-plating - 46.3 thousand hectares). Krasnoyarsk region. Eastern Sayans. Darkness (cedar-fir) taiga, larch-pine forests. Granite-shenitic rocks ("pillars") up to 100 m of height. In the flora 551, the species, rare 46 species. From the fauna - Maral, Kabarga, Wolverine, Sobol, Lynx. In the rivers Taimen, Lenok, Sig, Chebak, Harius, etc.
Ussuri Reserve
Founded in 1932. The area is 40.4 thousand hectares (timber-plating - 40.3 thousand hectares). Primorsky Krai. Cedar-wide, black-core, Ilm, Lianan forests with a hub, ash-tree forests of the South Sumury Taiga. In the flora 820 species, rare 18 (ginseng, actinidia, lemongrass, etc.). Valuable fauna: Tiger, leopard, raisubs, roe, cabgarium, boar, spotted deer, earthying - Giganta burzobca, Pheasant, Eastern and Pallas shields, Amur and patterned polishes, etc.
Hingansky Reserve
Founded in 1963 area - 59.0 thousand hectares (timber-plating - 34.8 thousand hectares). Amur region Mountain cedar-wide forests - Mongolian Oak, Birch Plums and Dauroskaya, Fir Bird, Spruce Ayanskaya, Larch Dauroskaya. In the flora 500 species, rare - 21. Valuable fauna: raisubs, black and brown bears, sable, kharza, columns, Manchurian hare, chipmunk, lynx, etc.
Central forest reserve
Founded in 1931. The area is 21.3 thousand hectares (wooded - 19.9 thousand hectares). Kalininskaya region Spruce and mixed spruce forests. In the flora 546 species, 10 rare. Forest South Town Set - Elk, Caban, Brown Bear, Lynx, Wolf, Cork, Squirrel-flying, Beaver, Ceremc, Tewer, Ryabchik, etc.
Voronezh Reserve
Founded in 1927, the area is 31.1 thousand hectares (wooded - 28.5 thousand hectares). Voronezh region Created and sophisticated pine forests (Usmansky Bor) and Dubrava. In the flora 973 species. A typical forest-steppe faunistic complex (including aboriginal settlements of beaver and outhounds) - elk, European deer, boar, roe. Center for the study of river beaver and experimental cellular bea.
Hawa Reserve
Founded in 1935. The area is 16.2 thousand hectares (wooded - 12.8 thousand hectares). Voronezh region Floim p. Hopra with Dubravami, Chernolovkh and White Forests. Nagorn and floodly oaks with ash. In the flora 33 rare species. Felt outdurious, beaver, roe, boar, acclimatized spotted deer, bison.
Kabardino Balkar Reserve
Founded in 1976. The area is 53.3 thousand hectares (wooded - 2.5 thousand hectares). Kabardino-Balkaria. The northern slopes of the Chief Caucasus Range. Pine and oak forests and highlands with rare and valuable plants. Fauna: Tour, Sulna, Ulary, etc.
Caucasian Reserve
Founded in 1924. The area is 263.5 thousand hectares (wooded - 164.1 thousand hectares). Krasnodar region. Western part of the Chief Caucasus Range. Mountain oak (oak rock, Georgian and puffy), beech and darkened forests (Caucasian fir, or Nordmann, Eastern spruce). Flore is over 1500 species, including 327 endemics and 21 rare. In the fauna 59 species: Caucasian deer, Sulna, Kuban tour, Lynx, Forest and stone curtain and other reservoir bison. In the jurisdiction of the reserve on the southeast slope of Mount B. Akhun - the Hostin Tiso-Sucissed Grove (area - 300 hectares).
North Ossetian Reserve
Founded in 1967 area - 25.9 thousand hectares (timber-plated - 3.6 thousand hectares). North Ossetia. The northern slopes of the Chief Caucasus Range. Mixed broadcard (oaks in black and rock, east beech, ash, ash, sharp, ram), pine, birch forests. In the flora of 1500 species, including 80 species of trees and shrubs, 5 rare. In the fauna East Caucasian Tour, Sulna, Brown Bear, Kurtitsa Stone and Forest, Badger, Forest Cat, Lynx, etc.
Teberdinsky Reserve
Founded in 1936. The area is 83.1 thousand hectares (wooded - 27.4 thousand hectares). Stavropol region. Northern slopes of the West Caucasus. Two plots: the main one in the basin of the Verkhovy R. Teberda and Arkhyz - in the valley of r. Kizgich. Mixed broadcard, pine and darkened forests. In the flora 1180 species, incl. 186 endemics, 4 rare. Rare Types of Fauna: Kuban Tour, Sulna, Caucasian Ular, Caucasian Tetra, Caucasian Momovka. There are brown bear, noble deer, boar, forest cat, ermine, fox, etc.
Introduction ..................................................................................4
Chapter 1. Specially Protected Natural Territories (POPT) ............... ... 7
1.1. Reserves ........................................................................ 7.
1.2. National Parks ............................................................ ..9
1.3. Reservations ........................................................................ ... 10
1.4. Foreechthotrian farms ....................................................... ..1.1
1.5. Monuments of nature ............................................................ .12
1.6. Dendrological parks and botanical gardens ............................13
1.7. Medical and health facilities and resorts ........................ ..15
1.5. Others ..................................................................... 17
Chapter 2. PAs of the Krasnoyarsk Territory .......................................... ....... 18
2.1. Reserves of the Krasnoyarsk Territory .......................................... ... 18
2.1.1. State Natural Reserve "Pillars" .................. 18
2.1.2. Sayano-Shushensky State Biosphere Reserve .................................................................................................. ..21
2.1.3. "Central Siberian" State Biosphere Reserve .................................................................................................. ..23
2.1.4. Taimyr State Natural Biosphere Reserve .................................................................................................. ..25
2.1.5 Poohoral reserve ................................................... ... 26
2.1.6. Big Arctic State Natural Reserve .................................................................................................. ..27
2.1.7. Tungusky Reserve ...................................................... ..28
2.2. National and Natural Parks of the Krasnoyarsk Territory ................30
2.3. Natural reserves of the Krasnoyarsk Territory .............................. ... 32
2.4. Monuments of the nature of the Krasnoyarsk Territory ................................. ..33
2.5. Spas and therapeutic areas of Krasnoyarsk region ............................................................................................. ..34
Conclusion ........................................................................... ... 35
Bibliography ................................................ .37
Applications ............................................................................38
Introduction
Since 1600, about 150 species of animals have died out on our planet, moreover, over the past 50 years. In the 20th century it became obvious that it was necessary to take special measures to save the animal and plant world. No one should prove to anyone how modern people are able to influence the live nature. Less and less remains untouched corners of nature. Each year, the Red Book is replenished with disappearing representatives of the animal and vegetable world.
The basis of the territorial protection of nature in Russia is a system of specially protected natural territories (PAs). The status of the POPT is currently determined by the Federal Law "On Specially Protected Natural Territories", adopted by the State Duma on February 15, 1995. According to the law "Especially protected natural areas - plots of land, water surface and airspace over them, where natural complexes and objects are located, which have their own environmental, scientific, cultural, aesthetic, recreational and health importance that are withdrawn by decisions of state authorities in whole or in part from the economic use and for which the special security regime is set. "
In this course work, consider the main protected areas of Russia and the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the features of their position. Attention is focused on reserves and national parks, as the basis of the tourist resource frame of Russia.
The goal of the work is: Consideration of the Landscaping of the PAs from the point of view of tourism and analyzed in 4 aspects: physico-geographical-ethno-historical economic and geographical detestic.
Task: Studying the basic concepts of specially protected natural territories and their study in accordance with natural, cultural and historical and economic conditions.
As well as planning and organizing environmental tourism and recreation areas in the National Park, the assessment of the aesthetic advantages of landscapes is an integral part of the work.
Chapter 1. Specially Protected Natural Territories (POPT)
Russia inherited from the USSR a rather complicated system of categories of OOPT, which was formed evolutionary. The following categories are allocated in the law:
state natural reserves, including biosphere;
national parks;
natural parks;
state natural reserves;
monuments of nature;
dendrological parks and botanical gardens;
medical and recreation areas and resorts.
Particularly protected natural areas may have federal, regional and local importance. The territories of nature reserves and national parks belong to the OPT of the federal significance. The territories of state reserves, monuments of nature, dendrological parks and botanical gardens, medical and health facilities and resorts can be attributed to either the PAs of the federal or regional importance. Natural parks have the status of regional regional importance, and medical and health areas can be announced by the OPT of local importance.
The decision to organize the Office of the Federal Regulation is adopted by the Government of the Russian Federation, regional importance - the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, these are the regional administrations, regions, autonomous districts, the government of the republics as part of the Russian Federation. Particularly protected areas of local importance are formed on solutions of local governments, such as the administration of districts.
1.1. Reserves
According to Russian legislation, reserves are environmental protection, research, environmental-educational institutions that have the goal for the preservation and study of the natural course of natural processes and phenomena, a genetic foundation of plant and animal peace, individual species and communities of plants and animals, typical and unique environmental systems.
Reserves represent the high rank of the highest rank. They are completely removed from the economic use of protected natural complexes and objects (land, water, subsoil, vegetable and animal world). Traditionally, according to Russian legislation, this area with a strict security regime, they contain constant year-round observations of wildlife life. The main importance of the reserves is to serve the standards of nature, being the knowledge of the course of natural, not disturbed by the person's processes, characteristic of the landscapes of a particular geographical region. No less important and determined by the law of the activity of the reserves is scientific work. This in principle distinguishes them from other forms of specially protected territories. Perennial scientific research on the unified program "Chronicle of Nature" is held within the borders of the reserves. These studies are the basis for environmental monitoring and monitoring the state of the natural environment. An essential part of the activities of modern reserves is the environmental education of the population.
The federal system of reserves was formed for 80 years and at present there are currently 139 reserves with a total area of \u200b\u200bmore than 34 million hectares, which is 1.56% of the entire area of \u200b\u200bRussia. The system of Russian state natural reserves is recognized in the world. From Russian reserves 22 have the international status of biosphere reservoirs (they issued relevant UNESCO certificates).
The creation of reserves is determined by the level of anthropogenic transformation of ecosystems. With a low level, peculiar to the northern and taiga regions, it is easy to organize large reserves. Here, without any special problems, it was possible to seek new sections to create extensive reserves. It is characteristic that the largest reserve of the country is a large arctic (4.2 million hectares) - located on the deserted banks and the Islands of the Arctic. In general, the area of \u200b\u200breserves grow from the south-west to the northeast, the exception is only a few major reserves of the Caucasus, but they are mainly protected by slightly populated and relatively low-used alpine forests and meadows.
On plain tightly populated areas with productive soils, the creation of nature reserves is difficult. In such areas, the creation of high grade OPT meets the fierce resistance of nature users, so if POPT is created, then they have small, sometimes point dimensions. Especially difficult is the situation with the protection of natural ecosystems located within the steppe zone, where these ecosystems are most intensively transformed. It is here that few available reserves are extremely small in the area, and in the Siberian part of this zone there are no. At the same time, the largest reserves are located either in lowered Arctic and Siberian taiga, or in mining areas.
The oldest of the existing reserves of Russia - Barguzsky - was created in 1916. The first boom of the creation of the reserves fell on the 30s .. in 1951 and 1961. There were two waves of the closure of reserves and a significant reduction in the areas of the persistent. A new very powerful wave of creating reserves is observed already in the 90s. In such a high intensity of creating new reserves, a number of circumstances of the turning era manifested. First, it is the redistribution of power from the center to local authorities - the environmental community easily achieved success at local levels, appealing to the regional prestige of local authorities in the regions, where the reserves have absent until recently. Secondly, the sharp increase in the activity of the "green" movements in the late 80s - early 90s affected. And finally, thirdly, the positive effect was an ambiguity in ownership of land. So far, the Earth has not received real owners or has not returned to the hands of government officials, the resistance of producers by environmental efforts was weakened. Later, the same favorable period will not be in any scenario of Russia's development.
1.2. National parks
National parks, in contrast to the reserves, along with the tasks of protection and the study of natural complexes should provide tourism and recreation of citizens. Land plots of other users and owners with the predominant right of the National Park on the purchase of such land can be maintained on their territory. As of January 1, 1998, 32 Natural National Parks were operating in Russia with a total area of \u200b\u200b6.7 million hectares. Currently, 41 National Park is located in Russia, the total area of \u200b\u200bthe territory of which is more than 70,000 km².
National Natural Parks - New For Russia Territorial Protection Form. The first two (Losina Island and Sochi) were created only in 1983, 12 out of 32 - in the last five years. The implementation of the legal status of national parks is still facing serious opposition by economic entities whose activities are limited to this status. While this form cannot be considered an effective method of territorial protection of wildlife, but public attention and trends, known for other countries, give enough hope for the gradual implementation of the potential of this form of protecting natural complexes.
Natural park is a protected extensive area of \u200b\u200bnatural or cultural landscape; Used for: recreational (for example, organized tourism), environmental, educational and other purposes. Unlike reserves, reserves and some other protected areas, the regime of protection in natural parks is the least strict.
Natural parks are available in Russia, Finland, Austria, Germany, Indonesia, Ukraine and in other states.
In Russia, natural parks are under the jurisdiction of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The territories of natural parks are located on the lands granted to them in indefinite (permanent) use, in some cases - on the lands of other users, as well as owners.
On the territory of Russia there are such natural parks as
"Nalychevo" in Kamchatka,
"Bird Harbor" is the only natural park in Russia, located in the territory of a major city (Omsk).
"Shcherbakovsky", located in the Kamyshinsky district of the Volgograd region.
1.3. Reservations
The reserve is a guarded natural territory, on which (in contrast to the reserves), under guard is not the entire natural complex, and some of its parts: only plants, only animals, or their individual species, or individual historical and memorial or geological objects.
Natural reserves differ from the previous categories by the fact that their lands can be alienated and not alienated by owners and users, they can be both federal and local subordination. Among the reserves of federal significance, zoological, other forms are played by the greatest role - landscape, botanical, forest, hydrological, geological - are extended to a lesser extent. Currently, Russia has 69 reserves of federal significance with a total area of \u200b\u200babout 170,000 square meters. km in 45 subjects of the Federation, as well as almost 12 thousand regional reserves. The main function is the protection of hunting fauna. Hunting is always prohibited, but often there are also very significant restrictions on forest operation, construction and some other types of economic activities. The protection of these reservations is usually quite well established.
1.4. Forestohydric farms
Among the law, it is possible to indicate such a category of OPT, as having international importance - mainly as the habitat of waterfowl, which are created in terms of the country of fulfilling its obligations arising from membership in the Convention on Wetlands (Ramsarskaya). By Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1050 of September 13, 1994, 35 such facilities were defined in the country, the area of \u200b\u200babout 10 million hectares. These land include not only wetlands ecosystems, but also associated land complexes. The presence of international status and a special government decree allows us to consider this form as a significant factor in the protection of ecosystems of Russia, primarily lake and marsh.
The status of these objects is still weakly designed. The main differences of this type of protected areas from the rest is the complexity - on the territory of wetlands, which have international importance, there may be reserves, reserves, monuments of nature and land that do not have a special status of protection, including those used in agriculture. In the territories of nature reserves, etc. The protection regime is carried out corresponding to their status. On specially protected areas, restrictions are introduced (up to a complete prohibition) on the types of economic activities, harmful affecting the functioning of wetlands. Environmental activities are stimulated. This approach makes this form of protection potentially particularly promising, since, firstly, the number of areas where the total prohibition of economic activities is possible, has its limits, secondly, on huge, used by the foci, the territories of Russia combinations of strict security in the most valuable and Vulnerable areas with reasonable environmental management is most effective.
1.5. Nature Monument
The monument of nature is a protected natural territory, on which there is a rare or attraction of a living or inanimate nature, unique in scientific, cultural, historical-memorial or aesthetic terms.
As a monument of nature, there may be a waterfall, meteorite crater, unique geological exposure, cave or, for example, a rare tree. Sometimes nature monuments include areas of considerable size - forest, mountain ranges, seats and valleys. In this case, they are referred to as tracting or protected landscapes.
Nature monuments are divided into types of botanical, geological, hydrological, hydrogeological, zoological and complex.
For most of the monuments of nature, the regime of the reserves is established, but the mode of reserves can be installed for especially valuable natural objects.
The most common monuments of nature at the regional level, the nature monuments of the federal significance - only 39 with a total area of \u200b\u200b28.0 thousand hectares, regional importance - more than 9 thousand total area of \u200b\u200b4, 15 million hectares (state report on the status of protected territories for 2003) .
Obligations to ensure the protection of the monument of nature usually assume owners, owners, users and land tenants, on which this monument of nature is.
Announcement of natural complexes and objects by monuments of nature, and the territories employed by them - the territories of the monument of nature are allowed with the withdrawal of land areas, owners and users of these sites.
In 2003, new monuments of the nature of the federal significance were not created (officially not issued). In 2004, a number of monuments of regional importance were created, including 12 new monuments of nature in the Republic of Adygea (October 2004). This is the first step towards creating a regional (including Krasnodar region) of the PA network in the West Caucasus. In March 2005, a new monument of the nature of regional importance appeared on Sakhalin - "Krasnopolsky Oshness". Its main goal is to preserve the territory of the natural waste of alantal or zibold, listed in the Red Books of the Sakhalin Region and the Russian Federation.
1.6. Dendrological Parks and Botanical Gardens
Dendrological parks and botanical gardens are environmental institutions, whose tasks include the creation of special collections of plants in order to preserve the diversity and enrichment of the plant world, as well as the implementation of scientific, educational and educational activities. The territories of dendrological parks and botanical gardens are intended only to perform their direct tasks, while land plots are transmitted to an indefinite (permanent) use of either parks or research or educational institutions, in the conduct of which they are.
Botanical gardens and dendrological parks carry out the introduction of natural flora plants, study in stationary conditions their ecology, biology, develop the scientific foundations of decorative gardening, landscape architecture, landscaping, the introduction of wild plants in the culture, protect introduced plants from pests and diseases, and also develop methods and Practices of selection and agrotechnology on the creation of sustainable decorative expositions, the principles of organization of artificial phytocenoses and the use of plant-introductures to optimize the technogenic medium.
Dendrological parks and botanical gardens can be federal, regional importance and are formed according to the decisions of the executive bodies of the state authorities of the Russian Federation or representative and executive bodies of the state power of the relevant subjects of the Federation.
In Russia, at the beginning of 2000, there were 80 botanical gardens and dendrological parks under the jurisdiction of the Russian Academy of Sciences (the main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanical Garden of the Botanical Institute. V.L. Komarova), offices and scientific centers of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Polar Alpine Botanical Garden Institute of the Kola NTS RAS, the Botanical Garden of URO RAS, the Botanical Garden of the Amur NC RAS, etc.), the former Rosleshoz (the Arboretum of the Caucasian branch of Vnielm et al.) and its territorial bodies (Arbillery of the Novosibirsk Leskhoz, the Dendrological Park of Kandalaksha Leskhoz and others. ), the former Ministry of Agricultural Production of Russia (Dendrological Garden of the Novosibirsk Farry Station, etc.), State Universities (Botanical Garden of Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, Botanical Garden of St. Petersburg State University, Siberian Botanical Garden of Tomsk State University, etc.), agricultural (Arboretum of the Kuban Agricultural Institute, Botanical Garden of Omsk Agricultural Institute, etc.), Forestry (Arboretry The Arkhangelsk Forestry Institute, the Botanical Garden of the St. Petersburg Forestry Academy, etc.) and pedagogical universities (Botanical Garden of the Kirov Pedagogical Institute, the Botanical Garden of the Penza Pedagogical Institute, etc.), some of the departments (Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants of the Moscow Medical Academy. THEM. Sechenov, Kabardino-Balkarian Republican Botanical Garden of the Assistant "Decorative Cultures", etc.).
Currently, Botanical Gardens and Dendrological Parks of Russia are experiencing certain difficulties due to insufficient financing. In many botanical gardens, the volume of scientific research was reduced, the collections of plants and seeds were under threat, the interaction was weakened (the exchange of materials, employee contacts, etc.) between the gardens.
Posted mainly in cities and suburbs, botanical gardens have the impact of the same adverse environmental factors as the surrounding territories: pollution of the air basin and watercourses, noise pollution, recreational overload, etc. The problem is exacerbated due to often the increased sensitivity of plant collections to the factors of negative External influences in comparison with local vegetation.
To solve the problems of botanical gardens and dendrological parks, it is required primarily to strengthen the legislative framework. It is necessary to determine their legal status and establishing rigid penalties for the use of relevant territories in order to be contrary to their direct appointment. It is also necessary to take measures to improve budget financing, which would solve acute economic problems, and the liberated resources to use for the development of scientific and environmental activities.
1.7. Medical and recreation areas and resorts
Lands of therapeutic and recreation areas and resorts belong to the specially protected natural territories and are intended for the treatment and recreation of citizens. These lands include land with natural healing resources (deposits of mineral waters, therapeutic mud, rape of limanov and lakes), favorable climates and other natural factors and conditions that are used or can be used to prevent and treat human diseases. Resorts and healthcare and health facilities can have a federal, regional or local importance. Under the treatment and recreation area is understood as the territory possessing natural resources and suitable for organizing the treatment and prevention of diseases, as well as for recreation of the population. Therapeutic and recreation area is a specially protected natural territory with a limited use regime for subsoil, land and other natural resources and objects. The resort - developed and used in therapeutic and preventive proceedings, a specially protected medical and recovery locality, and with natural medical resources and necessary for the operation of buildings and structures, including infrastructure facilities. In order to preserve the favorable sanitary and environmental conditions for organizing the prevention and treatment of human diseases on the lands of the territories of therapeutic and recruitment areas and resorts, the districts of sanitary (mining) protection in accordance with the legislation are established. The borders of therapeutic and recreation areas and resorts are prohibited (limited) activities, which can lead to a deterioration in the quality and depletion of natural resources and objects with therapeutic properties. In order to preserve natural factors favorable to organize the treatment and prevention of diseases of the population, the areas of sanitary or mining and sanitary protection are organized in the territories of therapeutic and recreational locations and resorts. For therapeutic and recreation areas and resorts, where natural therapeutic resources relate to the depths (mineral waters, therapeutic dirt and others), the district of mining and sanitary protection is established. In other cases, the districts of sanitary protection are established.
1.5. Others OOPT
In Russia, the valuation of the area of \u200b\u200bthe area has little disturbed natural complexes that have limitations on economic activities will be incomplete if we exclude from consideration two very different categories of land uses - state forestry farms and polygons of the Ministry of Defense.
Forestohydric farms- These are inherited from the Soviet system elite natural complexes, intended for country recreation leaders of high rank. These territories have always had a fundamentally higher level of protection, they were limited to economic activity, violating animal habitat conditions, lands were not allowed. Despite the current problems of budget financing, the inertia of the special status of these territories persists and is used by the new elite. Thus, state forestry farms can be attributed to one group with protected areas due to their elite position, the availability of real protection and restrictions on economic activities. So, in the preservation of large mammals in the Moscow region, the Istra Gloch played a huge role, its territory avoided the total for the field of transformation of the transformation of meadows, swamps and forests in country villages.
Chapter 2. Protection of the animal and plant world in OPT Krasnoyarsk Territory
Krasnoyarsk Territory is a huge territory located in the East Siberian region of Russia. The geographical position of our region in many ways can be called unique. On its territory there is a geographical center of Russia - Lake Vivi, located in Evenkia. The location of the center of Russia is approved by the Federal Geodesy Service and Cartography of Russia. The very northernmost point of the Krasnoyarsk Territory - Cape Chelyuskin - is the extreme polar tip of Eurasia and the northernmost point of Russia and the mainland parts of the planet.
Six reserves are organized on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, three of them are biosphere, i.e. Work on a special program of the United Nations; This is Sayano-Shushensky and Central Siberian and Taimyr reserves; State sample reserves are also: poles and a Puorator. The most modern reserve is a big arctic.
In total, seven reserves were created in the Krasnoyarsk Territory (Appendix No. 1), as well as the National Park "Shushensky Bor", the Natural Park "Ergaki".
In total, three state natural reserves of federal significance and 27 state natural reserves of the regional importance were created in the province (as of May 1, 2007). It is planned to create another 39 state natural reserves.
On the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory 51, the object has the status of a monument of the nature of the region.
2.1. Reserves of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
2.1.1. State Natural Reserve "Pillars" - One of the oldest reserves in Russia - was organized in 1925 on the initiative of the residents of Krasnoyarsk to preserve the picturesque area "Poles". The reserve in the vicinity of the city of Krasnoyarsk, on the north-western spurs of East Sayan (Kuisum Mountains), between 55 43'08 "- 55 57 '27" northern latitude and 92 37'02 "- 93 05'40" Eastern longitude. Along its northern border proceeds by Yenisei, and the northeast and south-river Bazaja and Mana. Area - 47,154 thousand hectares. The most picturesque part near the city has been highlighted in a tourist-sightseeing area with an area of \u200b\u200b1.3 thousand hectares (2.7% of the entire protected area). Here is the majority of granite-shenitic remains, the so-called "pillars" to 100 meters high, attracting their bizarre forms of visitors, tourists. In order to protect the protected area from adverse effects, a security area with a limited environmental management area was created along the perimeter of the reserve, about 2 km around the perimeter and an area of \u200b\u200b13,464 thousand hectares.
The purpose of the reserve: Protection of the unique landscape of East Sayan, the preservation of complexes typical of this natural zone, the study of ecosystems and their dynamics, as well as the study of the influence of anthropogenic factors.
The reserve is located at the junction of two large geographic provinces - forest-steppe and mining, which causes a high diversity of animal and plant world. The animal world is typical for the mountain taiga of East Sayan. Mammals there are 58 species, almost half of them belong to Rodent detachment. This group includes forest wheels, chipmunks and protein. Towns are represented by Breyak and Food and Food. Wolves, Fox, Lynx, Wolverine, Sable, Brown Bear are inhabited from predatory mammals. Maral, Elk, Koslya and Kabagra include the detachment of manflocks. There are more than 20 species of fish in the rivers, the most common sand is the most common, Goljan, Elets, Ersh, Roach, Harius, Perch, Pike. On the territory of the reserve registered 4 types of amphibians and 3 types of reptiles. Birds meet 199 species, of which are most common: titles, foams, wagtles, frozard, dyatlah, cheeks, rapid, bullfinch, lentils, shkur, city, cuckoo. From easily recognizable birds, you can find a big thorns, a daw, Soroka, Black, Cuckoo, Cuckoo, Cement, Crow. From the detachment of chicken, the mountains are most commonly common, we are much less and less often found. Diverse birds are diverse: Hawk-aunt, Hawk-revennant, Sapsan, Cheglock, Pooban, Skop, Drochnik, Kestrel, Kobchik. Of the owls, it is more common to meet: long-tailed and bearded, eared and hricted owl, Filin. Many species of predatory became rare not so much because of the persecution by the person, as in connection with the destruction of habitats, the decisions of the species and quantitative composition of animals that serve as internet feed objects. On this territory there are species listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation: Berkut, Mogsift, Baloban, Sapsan, Skospa, Black Stork, Filin.
Flora has 1037 species of higher vascular plants, including plantovoid - 3 species; Fern-like - 26 species; Helds - 8 species; Mocho-shaped - 260 species; gifted - 6 species; Covered-brimmed - 705 species;. In the forests of the reserve, most trees are growing in the region: pine, fir, spruce, larch Siberian and cedar - from conifers; Birch and aspen - from deciduous. Large and small shrubs are common here: cherry, alder, rowan, hawthorn, acacia, willow, cavalina, black and red currant, etc.; Diverse herbal cover. The bulk of the reserve is represented by deciduous, pine forests and a dark taiga. Forest vegetation in the area of \u200b\u200bKrasnoyarsk is replaced by steppe. From the plants listed in the Red Book of the RSFSR marked: Blackberry Coral, Lobaria Pulmonary and Mesh, Pestochny, Calley Kick, Yatrynik Slam, Slot, Calipus, Calipo, SPAIscoux, Curchaeous and Nest Sports.
The main direction of the reserve research is the study of natural processes occurring in nature and identify the relationships of individual units of the natural chain, as well as the development of environmental activities. On the territory of the reserve and adjacent areas, work is organized on assessing the impact of atmospheric pollution on the resilience of forests of the suburban zone of Krasnoyarsk.
2.1.2. Sayano-Shushensky State Biosphere Reservelocated in the south of the Krasnoyarsk Territory in the central part of Western Sayan, including Sayan, naked and partially Hemschik and the Cantic Range, within the borders of Shushensky and Ermakovsky districts. The area is 390.368 thousand g., Of these, 59.3% are occupied by forests, 36% - golts, stone brows and cool stony slopes. Typical mountain landscapes are dominated in the reserve. The security zone, highlighted along the borders of the reserve, with an area of \u200b\u200b106.2 thousand hectares, includes: Watering with Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP reservoir along the eastern border of the reserve with all the ranks of 12 thousand hectares; Two-kilometer strip on the right bank of the reservoir from the mouth of the p. Naked to the administrative border with the republic of Tyva; The five-kilometer strip along the western border of the reserve on the territory of the Shushensky district.
The purpose of the reserve: the preservation of typical and unique natural complexes of Western Sayan, biological diversity, the protection of rare animal species. This area is the only one in Russia, where you can save the snow leopard, Siberian Capricorn, Berkut, Skop, as well as the population of plants introduced into the Red Book. The reserve in February 1985 was assigned the status of a biosphere.
The territory is at the junction of several floral areas, so its flora is mixed. There are many endemics and relict plants. To the number of Sayano-Altai endemics (their majority here) include the Mattik Altai, Krylov's blossom, Altai's gibby, Borodin's catchment; Angaro-Sayan endemics - the Yenisei and Baikal Anemone; Tow-Sayano-Altai - Smolevka bloated and sharply bung. Many in the reserve and relict plants, this is a crouton berinary, a moltennik odorless, core of a loft, fading Far Eastern, Rhododendron Daurgy, Baikal Vasilsnik. Valuable types of medicinal plants grow on the territory of the reserve - Marali root, golden root, etc., which, before creating the reserve, threatened complete destruction. At the moment, the flora reserve includes: algae - 7 species, mushrooms -19, lichens - 97 species, horsages and plane-shaped - 18 species, moss-shaped - 321 views, fernal -25 species, vote - 7 species, coated - 867 species. From the plants listed in the Red Book of the RSFSR, marked: Hindelle Tianshhanskaya, Lindberia Shroud, Lobaria Pulmonary, Mutinus Dog, Yatrynnik Slam, Sleeping shoe, Kandyk Siberian, Fighters Two-color and Pasco, Single Column Tube, Carty Single, Dagan's Picky Single Learningless.
The territory of the reserve is a mountainous country covered by the darkeless taiga forests. Their firing, fir and cedar dominate them. Clearly pronounced high-rise explanation causes a variety of types of vegetation and hunting grounds. Cedar forests are possessed by cedar forests, providing feed resources of all representatives of the animal world, here inhabiting. Due to this, many species of animals form high population densities. An animal world is rich and diverse due to the mixing of Faun Altai, Mongolia and Sayan. The reserve registered 662 types of insects, 4 types of reptiles, 212 species of birds, 52 - mammals and 15 species of fish.
There are a lot of rare and endangered animals listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation - Snow Leopard, Forest Reindeer (Altai-Sayan population), Siberian Capricorn, Berkut, Sapsan, Balobane, Skop, Black Stork, Crash, Steppe Kestrel, Schoclumber, Chernogol Hokhotun, Mogination Sale, Filin, from insects Bee-carpenter and ordinary Appolon. The question of the presence of a red wolf in this reserve is not fully found. The reserve serves as a reserve for valuable hunting species of animals, primarily a sable, the number of people in the adjacent faces is low. Kabarga, Maral, Squirrel, Brown Bear, Rybolchik, Ceremonic, in a small number of lynx, live here.
The main scientific profile of the Sayano-Shushensky reserve is the monitoring of natural phenomena and the processes of the ecosystem of Western Sayan in their natural state, as well as under the influence of the hydropower complex of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP; Development of scientific foundations of the nature of the nature of the region.
2.1.3. Central Siberian State Biosphere Reserve
Central Siberian State Biosphere Reserve was organized in 1985 on the territory of the Turukhansky district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the Baikitsky district of the Evenki AO with a total area of \u200b\u200b972.017 thousand hectares. After the work carried out in 1992, its area was 1020.419 thousand hectares, including 595,024 thousand hectares in the Baykitsky district and 425.395 thousand in Turukhansky district. The reserve is located on average river. The Yenisei between the rivers Retung Tunguska and Bakhta and occupies the proncessions of the West Siberian Plain and the Medium-Siberian Plateau.
Purpose: Protection of the reference plot of average taiga. The plant of Yenisei within the reserve is of great value as the spawning area of \u200b\u200bmany valuable fishing species, as well as the area of \u200b\u200bthe wintering of sturgeon and sterlidi. This is the first reserve in Russia, which was originally designed as biosphere. In January 1987, UNESCO included him in the international network of biosphere reserves.
Yenisei divides the territory of the reserve for two unequal parts representing a variety of landscaped complexes. The Left Bank of the Yenisei River is a single-fed, hilly-wade plain with gentle river valleys and wide watersheds, absolute heights of 200-250 m. Pine forests are dominated on sandy soils. Along the rivers and on the elevations there are darkened forests of ate and cedar. In the sludge of the relief, extensive areas are occupied by swamps and peatlands. In the floodplain of Yenisei there are large-scale and small meadows. The right bank represents a portion of medium-Siberian plateau and has a dismembered flat-axle relief with absolute heights of 300-350 m near the Yenisei and more than 500 m in the eastern part. On the right bank, Yenisei is broken by a tectonic ledge of the Yenisei ridge. For the right bank, larch-cedar and larch-cedar-fir forests, as well as birch derivatives are characteristic. In general, the variety of relief has a positive effect on the animal world of the region.
The forests occupy almost the entire territory of the reserve (93.51%). The main forest-forming rocks on the left bank of the Yenisei - pine, forming pine bors, spruce, less often - cedar, larch and aspen. On the right bank dominates the dark taiga - spruce, fir, cedar, larch. From the plants listed in the Red Book of the RSFSR, in the reserve territory there are Calypso Lukovichny, large-flowered and real shoes.
The animal world is typical for the middle taiga of Siberia. The main species are sable and protein. The ondatra, Wolverine, Elk and the Bear are quite ordinary. Less often meet speakers, ermine, lynx. Abundant Borish game, especially the Rybolchik and the Ceremaker, are commonly aunt, which is explained by the presence of heavy berries and coniferous species of trees. Along the Yenisei pass the migration pathways of many waterfowl. Numerous trampulus, from duck often there are swords, pawnity, chicken whistles and chokhlah black. The most numerous chickel-trescun and a wide-capacity. Of the rare species of animals listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, the span or nesting of the skill, Sapsan, Berkut, Orlan-Belochvost, Greet, black stork.
Flora: Mossoid -153 species, plane-shaped - 7 species, fern - 18, viced - 7 species, coated - 679 species. Fauna: insects -709 species, reptiles - 4 types, birds - 212 species, mammals - 52, fish - 15 species.
Scientific work - In the reserve, the reproduction of valuable fish breeds is investigated, work on the inventory of plants and animals continues.
2.1.4. Taimyr State Natural Biosphere Reserve
The State Reserve "Taimyr" was established in 1979, and in 1995 he was given the status of a biosphere. It is an environmental, research and economic and educational institution. This is one of the largest reserves of Russia, located in the north of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, on the Taimyr Peninsula - the most nomed mainland sushi in the world. Therefore, the organizers of the reserve were striving to cover the greatest variety of zonal natural landscapes - arctic, typical and southern tundra, as well as timber tundra.
The territory of the reserve is the reference plots of the earth's surface, which contain almost all the natural zones of Taimyr: the Arctic ("Arctic branch"), typical ("main territory"), the southern (part of the Arya-Mas ") Tundra and Festothundra (Lukunsky plot "), as well as unique mountain tundra xp. Byrranga.
The Taimyr Reserve is the most visited reserve in Russia. Every year, thousands of scientists from all over the world, ecologists, tourists and coming are visited by East Taimyr. Most of them attract the excavations of the fossil mammoth and the population of the shebity. Also, the center of the village of the village of Khatanga is used as a springboard to achieve the North Pole.
On the territory of the reserve it grows 430 species of higher plants, 222 types of moss and 265 - lichens. One of the most common lichens of the tundra zone is the coladonia (Moss or, Yagel). Olenia Moss occupies extensive polar territories, but often meets in dry forests, located significantly south of the TundR stripes. Among the plants growing on the territory of the reserve, there are those that are listed in the Red Book, the wormwood Arkosibirskaya, Brillian, Single, Solid, Krupki Field and Taimyr, Ostromotor Telted, Culnizes Goroda and Byrrangskaya, Motinty Woolly, Rhodiola pink.
An countless lakes and low water bodies are covered with stagnant moisture tundra located on permafrost. Merzlot power is up to 500 meters. In Arya-Mas, the most southern part of one of the three sections of the reserve, you can observe the most northern larches. Trees Here in a few centuries barely reach the height of human growth.
2.1.5 Poohoral reserve
The reserve was founded in 1988 for the protection of unique mining and taiga landscapes and rare species of flora and fauna. The Poohoranian reserve is located in the north of Central Siberia, on the territory of the Dudinsky and Khatang regions of the Taimyr Autonomous Okrug and Ilimsk district of the Evenki Autonomous Okrug: its main part, Plateau Pouotnian, lies south of the Taimyr Peninsula and occupies most of the rectangle between the Risks of Yenisei, Heta, Kick and Lower Tunguska (650 km from north to south and from west to east). This is the most extreme reserve of Russia. The total area of \u200b\u200bthe reserve is 1887, 3 thousand hectares.
The goal of creating a GPZ "Poorochny" is to preserve the most unique mountain biocenoses of the North of Central Siberia, a peculiar plant world and rare species of animals, restoring the historical area of \u200b\u200bthe Poohoral subspecies of the Snow Baran, as well as the protection of the world's largest Taimyr population of the wild reindeer.
As a result of the movement of the glaciers of the Puratorna Plateau, the height of the walls of which reaches several hundred meters, and narrow lakes, the most deep in Russia after Baikal (Hantay Lake - up to 520 m in depth); Mountain rivers - spinners, the height of some waterfalls reaches 100 m. On the territory of the reserve, the highest density of waterfalls per unit area on the planet is noted.
Of the historical and cultural facilities, the remains of the attributes of shamanism on the ancient capital of the Tungus (Evenks) and the Dolgan chapel more than a century ago are of the greatest interest. On the territory of the Poorinsky Reserve are the unique exposures of the Basalt Basalt (Natural Mineralogical Museums Open Sky).
In the landscape, mountain tundra and gentlemen are dominated. Numerous rivers and lakes. In total, on the territory of the reserve 381 type of plants, 35 - mammals, 140 - birds.
In 2003, Plateau Putuan is attributed to UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage sites. Tourists here are very small due to the high cost and increased complexity of routes. Directly to the border of the reserve suits the excursion heat route on Oz. Lama.
2.1.6. Big Arctic State Natural Reserve
The "Great Arctic" reserve, the largest in Russia and Eurasia and the third largest in the world (4169222 hectares, including 1 million - the water area of \u200b\u200bthe Arctic seas), was established in 1993. It is located on the Taimyr Peninsula and on the Islands of the Arctic Ocean. Its coast is washed by the Kara Sea and the sea of \u200b\u200bLaptev. This is the largest reserve of Russia.
The purpose of creating a reserve is to preserve and study in the natural state of unique arctic ecosystems, rare and disappearing species of plants and animals of the northern coast of the Peninsula Taimyr and the adjacent islands. On the islands of the Northern Earth are "maternity hospitals" of Taimyr White Bears, in the coastal tundra they are saved from the Gnus of the Et of Wild Reindeers. Save the nesting of birds that migrate the north-Atlantic way: Black Case, Kulik, etc. - and be able to study in natural state unique arctic ecosystems.
A significant part of the reserve is practically not visited by a person, but recently the routes (rafting, fishing, ethnographic tours) are being developed, which will allow tourists closer to get acquainted with the Arctic nature.
The large Arctic reserve consists of seven cluster sites (Table 2) and two reserves: the state natural reserve of the federal value "NORMOZEMELSKY", located within the boundaries of the reserve and the State Natural Reserve of the regional value "Brechov Islands".
The main type of vegetation tundra is lichens. They stall tolerate the harsh conditions of the Arctic, painting the tundra in various colors from bright yellow to black.
The fauna of birds of the Great Arctic Reserve has 124 species, 16 of which are listed in the Red Book. The characteristic inhabitants of the tundra are white owl and tundry partridge. In the reserve there are rare species of chaps: pink, viloboles and white.
The territory of the reserve also includes historical and cultural monuments associated with the names of polar studies - A.F. Middondorf, F. Nansen, V.A. Rusanova, E.V. Toll, A.V. Kolchak, etc.
2.1.7 .Tungus reserve
The Tungus Reserve is located on the site of the fall of the Tungus Meteorite. The reserve is located in the Evenki municipal district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The total area of \u200b\u200bthe reserve 296562 hectares.
The purpose of creating a reserve is the study of the unique natural complexes of Evenki and the consequences of the influence of the global cosmo-ecological catastrophe.
The reserve is a conservation, research and economic and educational institution. It was created to study the effects of the meteorite fall. The highest peak of the reserve is located on the springs of the Lacura Range - 533 m above sea level. The second top of the top - Mount Farrington - is located near the place of the Tungus phenomenon.
The territory of the reserve is typical, practically unnecessary to local anthropogenic effects of the Northern Eastern Eastern Taiga with landscapes and biosenoses characteristic of it, at the same time the territory of the reserve is unique, as it stores the prints of the mysterious "Tungusian catastrophe" on June 30, 1908. On this day, there was heavy duty (10-40 megaton) an explosion of the space object of an unidentified nature, known as the "Tungusky Meteorite", 70 km to the north-west of Vanavara's village, 70 km northwester from Vanavara.
Larch and pine forests are common here. As a result of the fall of the alleged meteorite, the taiga on the square was more than 2 km and was burned, but in the last century it completely recovered. Evenkaya Taiga to this day keeps the secret of one of the wonders of our century, which called the Tungusian meteorite. In the animal world, the bear, the Bear, Sobol, the Core, are a badger, Lynx. About 30 species of fish dwell in the subframe Tunguska, most of which relate to valuable rocks.
Along the boundaries of the reserve, a security area is formed by a width of 2 km, the area of \u200b\u200bwhich is 20241 hectares. The security zone is assigned to such tasks as an improvement of the living conditions of the protected animals of the reserve, carrying out measures for the protection, restoration of valuable wild and rare plant species growing onto the POPT, the creation of demonstration sites, showcases, stands and other forms of propaganda of the nature reserves for the purpose of ecossal.
The following historical and cultural facilities are located on the territory of the reserve:
Expeditionary base for the study of the "Tungusian meteorite", better known as the "Borrow" of the Kulik "or" hood ";
The expeditionary base for the study of the Tungus meteorite is a monument of the history and culture of the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
According to the existing provision on Russia's reserves, tourism is prohibited. In the Tungus Reserve, due to the uniqueness of the event, in order of exception, limited tourist activities are allowed to enlarge the population, familiarization with the beautiful natural objects of the reserve, the place of falling the Tungusian meteorite. There are three ecological and educational routes. Two of them are water, according to the picturesque Kimcha and Hushma rivers, the third - hiking along the "Tropez" - the famous route of the discovere room of the Catastrophe of the Tungusian meteorite. Most explanatory work is held in routes with tourists.
2.2. National and Natural Parks of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
The only in the region of the National Park "Shushensky Bor" was organized in 1995 and is located in Shushensky district on an area of \u200b\u200b39.2 thousand. The Park includes a part of the picturesque places of the memorial complex "Siberian Link V.I. Lenin ": Shalash, Crane slide, Sand slide and others. These areas of landscapes, characteristic of the southern regions of the Middle Siberia, are being taken under protection, which are currently significant in the present anthropogenic load.
In the National Park "Shushensky Bor" there is an interschool leshoz, consisting of three school forest areas: "bee", "ant", "Cranevlenok". School forestry accepted under their custody of an arboretum with an area of \u200b\u200b1.8 hectares, in which there are 162 types of wood-shrub vegetation, of which 22 species are introduced from other regions of the country. The outcome of the many years of school forestry was the recommendations on the use of wood-shrub vegetation in the landscaping of settlements of the south of the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
From the first days of its existence, the National Park is engaged in the development of tourist activities. As part of the overview information, when moving along the route, you can get acquainted with the archaeological monuments of the history of development by the man of the Valley of the Yenisei in the Bronze and Iron Ages - the hill is drawn. The remains of the defensive structure of the state "Kyrgyz" are preserved - the "Omaittical" fortress and the remains of the Sayansky Ostrog - the first settlement of the Russians in the Worthy Yenisei (1718)
Employees of the National Park together with the "Sayan-Shushensky" reserve and representatives of public organizations annually take the most active part in the campaign "March of Parkov".
In the period up to 2005, the "scheme of development and placement of specially protected natural territories in the Krasnoyarsk Territory" (1998) provides for the organization of new natural parks as the federal - the National Park "Kansky Belogorier" to preserve the unique natural complex of the highland of Eastern Sayan in the territory of the Sayan district and The regional value is the Natural Park "Symy" to preserve the unique natural complex, not changed by the human activity, in the river basin of the Yenisei district.
Ergaki is the name of the natural park located in the south of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The name of the park is given according to the eponymous ridge, which has become very popular among tourists, artists, local population by the 1990s. In addition to the Ergaki Range, the park covers its territory partially or completely mountain ranges of Kulumum, Ousky, Aradansky, Metugul Taiga, Kedransky. Pools of the largest rivers Park - Us, Kebreges, OA, Taigish, Kazzuk.
Ergaki - mountain knot, ridge in Western Sayan. Located in the sources of rivers Greater Kebreges, a large key, Taigish, the top buckbush, the middle buckbush and the bottom buck.
2.3. Natural reserves of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
The State Ecological and Ethnographic Reserve of the Republican Value of "Eloguisk" area of \u200b\u200b747.6 thousand hectares is located on the territory of the Turukhansky district in the northern part of a smooth-oak medium-wide rise in the river basin. Yehogui, was organized by the order of the RSFSR 173 of the RSFSR No. 73 of March 10, 1987.
This reserve was created without limiting the term of action in order to protect the ecosystems of the middle taiga, maintaining the environmental balance in the Pool Pool. Yehoguy, to preserve the cultural heritage and habitat of the indigenous peoples of the North. It is an integral part of the biosphere polygon of the Central Siberian Reserve and is subordinated to him.
The main area of \u200b\u200bthe reserve is occupied by larch-cedar and larch-cedar-firing medstrues, the darkening taiga and pine collars received less distribution. The animal world is typical for medium taiga and is represented by such species as sable, squirrel, columns, wolf, elk, coarse, Ryabchik and others. Fauna has 350 species of vertebrate animals. The species listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation - Sapsan, Skop, Berkut, Orlan-Belochvost and Greets are noted.
The state reserves of the regional value occupy an area of \u200b\u200b1076.52 thousand hectares, are located in the territories of 25 administrative regions of the region in various natural climatic zones.
State Natural Reserves "Arga", "Solonsky Kryazh" and "Sisimsky" according to the profile are complex, the rest - zoological.
Most reserves are aimed at preserving, restoring and reproducing valuable hunting fishery species of wild animals along with their habitat. Reservations "Bremenurtinsky", "Talsk-Garevsky", "Krasnotransky Bor" are engaged in the protection of Siberian roegee in places of mass concentrations on the paths of migration and wintering, as well as Borovy Dići.
In the territories of many reserves, animals listed in the Red Books of the Russian Federation, for example, Sapsan (more-Kerchugsky, Little-Kergovygsky and Podloma Reservations), Skop (Kelloe-Salbinsky, Tainybean, B-Kersha and Sisima reserves), Orlan-Belochvost (reserves) "Arga" and Berezovsky), Baloban (B-Kedyshugsky, Sisimsky). The meetings of black storks are registered in the orders of "Arga", "Solonsky Kryazh", "Podichymsky" and "Tainybean"; There are reliable information about the stay during the nesting of a gray crane in the Tainkan and Bolshamenurtian reserves.
The reserve "Krasnotransky Bor" is unique for the edge of the colony of gray anchor with a number of about 100 nesting pairs.
The full list of land valves operating in the Krasnoyarsk Territory of state-owned values \u200b\u200bis given in Appendix No. 2.
2.4. Nature Monuments of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
On the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, 51 objects were registered (for the period of 01.05.07), which has the status of monuments of the nature of the regional value with a total area of \u200b\u200b19.12 thousand hectares. We will call some: Chinzhabsk waterfall - a unique hydrogeological object with a scientific and cultural and educational value, is located in the southwestern part of Eastern Sayan, in the passfire of the Shind and Northa rivers; Monument of Nature "Dish Relight" is located in the pool r. Small Kebreges, in its lower current, was created to preserve the isolated location of the non-well flora - Snyty European and is the only place for its growth in vivo on the right bank of the Yenisei, this is an extreme eastern point of the range of range, isolated at a distance of 300 km; Oz. Tiberkul - a unique and picturesque mountain lake, caught on the southern slope of the East Sayan Range, in the right bank of the pool r. Casyr; The monument of nature has announced a pine forest in the pool r. Baikalia as the most northern pine forest in Russia. Many among the monuments of nature the edge of the most painful caves (Lysanskaya, large nutrition, Bajan, Kasual, Cuban, May, etc.).
2.5. Resorts and Medical and Health Areas of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
On the territory of the region there is one resort of the federal and 6 resorts and medical and recreational facilities of the regional value (Appendix No. 3).
All objects, except the Sanatorium "Krasnozavodsky" (Krasnozavodsky House, rest is located in the Bogotolsky district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, on the left bank of the r. Chulym, in a picturesque pine forest, does not have mineral and medicinal waters), have fields of natural healing waters and muds that are used in Therapeutic and preventive purposes. Problems of health facilities are associated with their natural development and underdeveloped infrastructure, as well as high recreational loads.
Conclusion
In general, it can be noted that the system of unavoidable natural territories in Russia seems quite developed and relatively flexible. Moreover, the thickness of the network of these territories and the flexibility of the protection system in recent years is growing. Although this system (like the whole country as a whole) is now experiencing significant economic difficulties, its development forecast is generally favorable. The main disadvantage of Network of the Russian Federation is its unevenness and, especially, small density in the most susceptible anthropogenic transformation of the steppe zone. There are reserves in the European steppe, but they are (along the scale of Russia) microscopic, in the West Siberian Street, there are no reserves, nor national parks.
At the same time, do not forget that reserves are particularly protected areas with the highest environmental status, although they, in turn, are divided into subcategories. In general, tourism should not affect the main objects of protection and reproduction. Nevertheless, each reserve itself determines the volume and directions of environmental and educational activities to which environmental tourism can also be attributed.
Currently, there are a large number of definitions proposed for ecological tourism. The first definition was given by G. Zeballos-Lskurein in 1980. Environmental tourism, on the interpretation of the author, is a trip to relatively untouched or unpolluted natural areas with a specific purpose of training, admiration and enjoying pleasure from the contemplation of nature, landscapes, plants and wild animals, as well as studying the cultural characteristics of these territories.
The following criteria are distinguished, characterizing this type of tourism:
1) Environmental tourism should be based on the use of predominantly natural resources;
2) he must minimize the damage of the natural and socio-cultural environment;
3) the orientation of such tourism should make a major emphasis on environmental education and education;
4) The development of tourism should ensure sustainable economic and social development, as well as the cultural and environmental well-being of the local population of the areas where it is carried out.
The presence in our territories of a unique natural heritage with a rich range of biological and natural diversity gives Russia prerequisites for the development of ecotourism. At the same time, the growth in demand for environmental goods around the world can give a powerful impetus to the development of this type of tourism with the orientation of the entrance tourism market. The main restraining factors are: the duration of such tours, as well as high rates on high-speed transport due to the remoteness of unique tourist resources.
Nevertheless, without targeted state support, this area of \u200b\u200btourism, apparently, will not develop.
Bibliography
Baranov, A.A. Especially protected animals of the princess Siberia. Birds and mammals: studies. - Method. Location. / A.A. Baranov. - Krasnoyarsk: Publisher of the CAPP NAM.V.P. Astafieva, 2004. - 264 p.
Baranov, A.A. Specially protected natural territories of the Krasnoyarsk Territory: studies. - Method. Manual / A.A. Baranov, S.V. Keenet. - Krasnoyarsk: Publisher of the CAPP NAM.V.P. Astafieva, 2004. - 240 s.
Vladyushevsky, D.V. Ecology and we: studies. Location. / D.V. Vladyyshevsky. - Krasnoyarsk: Publishing House of State. University, 1994. - 214 p.
Red Book of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. - Krasnoyarsk: Publishing House of State. University, 2004. - 246 p.
Nature and ecology of the Krasnoyarsk Territory: School Course Program. - Krasnoyarsk, 2000.
Savchenko, A.P. Annex to the Red Book of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. / A.P. Savchenko, V.N. Lopatin, A.N. Zyryanov, M.N. Smirnov et al. - Krasnoyarsk: ed. Creation Center, 2004. - 147 p.
Appendix No. 1.
State Natural Reserves of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
Appendix No. 2.
State Natural Reserves of Regional Values
|
OPT name |
Year of creation |
Square, thousand ha |
Administrative position of the POPT (regions) |
|
Achinsky, Bogotolsky Nazarovsky |
|||
|
Birch Dubrava |
Nazarovsky, Uzhursky, Sharypovsky |
||
|
Berezovsky |
Sharypovsky |
||
|
B-kassky |
Yenisei |
||
|
B-Kershagsky |
Kozulsky, Emelyanovsky |
||
|
B-Murtinsky |
Bolshemanurtinsky |
||
|
Kandat |
Tuyttesky, B-Uluy, Byrili |
||
|
Kebrezha |
Ermakovsky, Kaartuzsky |
||
|
Kazachinsky, Pirovsky |
|||
|
Krasnotransky Bor. |
Krasnotransky |
||
|
Makovsky |
Yenisei, Birilyussky |
||
|
Little-Kerchugsky |
Emelyanovsky, B-Murtinsky |
||
|
Podchulymsky |
Achinsky, Bogotolsky |
||
|
Sisimsky |
Kuragin |
||
|
Solon Kryazh. |
Uzhursky, Nazarovsky, Balahtinsky |
||
|
Tainki |
Irbesey |
||
|
Talsk-Garevsky |
Sukobuzimsky |
||
|
Turukhan |
Turukhan |
||
|
Bewish-Salbinsky |
Novoselovsky, Krasnotransky |
||
|
Khabyksky |
Idrinsky |
||
|
Large Pashkin |
Shushensky |
Appendix number 3.
Resorts and Medical and Health Areas in the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
|
Name |
Object status |
Administrative status (district) |
|
Therapeutic and recreation area "Nanjul mineral waters field" |
Emelyanovsky |
|
|
Therapeutic and recreation area "Angitsky mineral waters" Especially guarded natural territories And their classification. In ... Scientific Literature Name especially guarded natural territories (OOPT)[ 11,190] OOPT - These are sites ... Especially guarded natural territory as a factor of regional developmentThesis \u003e\u003e EcologyIs a member of regional associations especially guarded natural territories (OOPT) - Union OOPT Urals and Associations OOPT Southern Urals. Reserve... Especially guarded natural territory (2)Abstract \u003e\u003e Ecology..., "Black lands" and the Meshchersky National Park. four. Especially guarded natural territory Especially guarded natural territory (OOPT) relate to nationwide objects and represent ... |
Over 150 varieties of animals, half of which disappeared in the last 4th century on the planet for the last 4th century. Every year it is less and less than the corners of nature, not touched by humanity. Every year, the red book, its lists are replenished with new animals and plants.
Russia, the only country in the world where the reserve is not only a territory guarded by the state, but also a scientific institution.
The objectives of state natural reserves are the preservation and study of the phenomena and processes of nature, the protection of certain types of plant and animal world.
7 large reserves have formed, having their goals, features, flora and fauna, sometimes inherent only.
He is the largest reserve not only Russia itself, but also Eurasia as a whole. It is located on the Taimyr Peninsula and the Islands of the Taimyr Autonomous Okrug. It was created to protect birds, when migrating in the north-Atlantic direction. Its total area is 4169222 hectares, together with the marine waters.
In the reserve, you can meet 16 varieties of mammals, 4 of which, sea. There are such types of waterfowl birds as a small swan, four varieties of ducks and geese. About 80% of all the black chambers, and in particular, their migrant and nesting places are taken under protection. The main clusters are located on the Islands of the Kara Sea, both colonies and couples.
State Biosphere Reserve "Sayanno Shushensky".
This reserve is located in the center of Western Sayan, on the expanses of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, or rather in Shushensky and Ermakovsky districts. The main purpose of the reserve is the defense of a sable, which is the most valuable fur beast. Another feature of the reserve can be considered the study of the influence of the Sayano-Shushensky reservoir on the ecosystems.
It is located south of the Taimyr Peninsula and has an area over 250 thousand square kilometers. On the expanders of the reserve, you can see such rare plants like a spotted shoes, an Asian swimsuit, a motley poppy, an acute player, dandelion Long-legged, etc. At the Puttorar Plateau there are great sites of the nesting of the Kratet and Beloham Eagle in Siberia. In the center of the plateau, Poultoral snow rams live. Also, you can find many wolves, wolves and bears, whose role in local biocenoses is very large.
Poles reserve.
Not far from the southwestern border of the Krasnoyarsk Reserve, on the shore of the Yenisei, there is a pillary reserve. Its area is 47154 hectares. It was organized to protect the wonderful rock chassis. Its flora is diverse, and includes about 750 vascular plants and over 250 varieties of moss. Also on the territory of the reserve there are over 291 species of vertebrate animals. The huge number of plants presented here are inscribed in the Red Book of Russia. The main attraction is the rocks, some of which are open to all, and the part is located in the depths of the reserve. In the Valley of Bazaoa, adjacent to the city, there is a number of trails for skiers.
It is located in the northern part of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, on the Taimyr Peninsula. Having the area in 1781928 hectares, it includes 4 parts, and a branch in Laptev Sea, with an area of \u200b\u200b37018 hectares. The status of the biosphere reserve was assigned by UNESCO in 1995. In the reserve you can meet 432 species of vascular plants, 220 varieties of moss and 266 different lichens. The fauna of the reserve, which is quite rare, is small, and includes only 23 species. Despite this, 3 of them are particularly protected mammals. These include lemmings. The most common predator of the reserve can be considered such a beast as a sandy.
In the Tungusian depression, there is another important reserve of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, which has a swamp terrain. The main part of the fauna is taiga species. In the reserve and adjacent territories there are over 30 different types of fish. Wolverine and Brown Bear make up most of the predators of this territory. In the valleys of rivers, it is possible to meet a fox. You can also meet 3 types of ungulates. 
This reserve extends on the western part of the plogram of medium Siberia, as well as in the Valley of the Yenisei and a small part of the podcaming tunga. The main allocation of the reserve is to study and preserve the aquatic and earthly natural places in the median Siberia. Its area is located at 972017 hectares. The fauna of the reserve includes 34 varieties of freshwater fish. 
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