Electric stingray fish. Cramp-fish

The stingray fish is an ancient inhabitant of the aquatic depths. These mysterious creatures together with sharks (their closest relatives) are the oldest inhabitants of the sea kingdom. Stingrays have a lot of interesting features, which, in fact, distinguish them from other representatives of the fauna living in the water.

Scientists have come to the conclusion that even in past times, the ancestors of sharks and rays differed little in body structure. But still, millions of years have made these animals different from each other.

Stingray: what species does it belong to?

Stingrays belong to the superorder elasmobranch cartilaginous animals, which comprise five orders and fifteen families. Modern fish The stingray (this is clearly visible in the photo of the animal) is characterized by an incredibly flat body and a head fused with pectoral fins, which gives this creature an interesting and possibly fantastic appearance. The color of a given animal depends mainly on its habitat:

• sea ​​waters;
• fresh water bodies.

Body structure of a stingray

The color of the upper body of stingrays can be light (sandy), multi-colored (with interesting patterns), or dark. Thanks to this coloring, they can easily camouflage themselves, blending into the surrounding space and becoming practically invisible to other animals. As for the lower part of the body of these creatures, as a rule, it is light, almost white. On inside The stingray contains organs, mouth and nostrils, gills (five pairs). Tail sea ​​creatures has a thread-like shape.

Species of stingrays differ greatly in both size and behavior. The size of this animal species ranges from a couple of centimeters to several meters. The wingspan can reach more than two meters (for example, stingrays from the eagle family). Electric stingrays have their own important feature in the form of weapons. They paralyze the victim with the help of electrical discharges, which are produced by all types of stingrays, but in a volume of 220 Volts they are only electric. This discharge is enough to not only paralyze some parts of the human body, but also lead to death.

Units

Most species of stingrays are bottom dwellers and feed on mollusks and crayfish. Pelagic species They eat plankton and small fish. Let's figure out which groups scientists distinguish:

• electrical;
• sawfish;
• slope-shaped;
• tail-shaped.

Various types of stingrays can be found in various places around the globe. They are found in Antarctica and Arctic Ocean. If you want to see a flying stingray with your own eyes, then go to the coast of Australia, there are more than enough of them. The most various types stingrays, photos of which are presented in this article, fully reveal the entire history of their existence and modern life.

Unique breathing system

Flying carpets underwater world- These are stingray fish. The species of these animals are unique in nature because they have a different respiratory system than other fish that breathe with gills. Air passes into the stingrays' body through special sprays located on the back. These devices are protected by a special valve. If it happens that a foreign object gets into them, the stingray moves away from it by releasing a stream of water from the sprinklers.

In their movement, stingrays resemble butterflies. They do not use their tail to move, as other fish do. They move with the help of fins.

Distinctive features

All stingrays differ from each other, firstly, in size. In nature, fish are known to be only a couple of centimeters long, and stingrays whose size reaches seven meters. In addition, the behavior of each species is completely different. Some of them do not mind jumping above the surface of the water, while others prefer to bury themselves in the sand and rest quietly.

Stingray fish is a predatory animal whose main food is the following marine inhabitants:

• salmon;
• sardines;
• capelin;
• octopuses;
• crabs.

Stingrays are so diverse that even in hunting, everyone uses different weapons - what nature has awarded them. The electric one, having caught up with the prey, wraps its fins around it and delivers an electric shock, expecting its death. And the prickly tail kills the victim with the help of its tail, studded with thorns, which it thrusts into the enemy. To eat mollusks and crustaceans, they resort to protruding plates that replace their teeth, and they also use them to grind their food. As for reproduction, some of the species are viviparous, while others lay eggs in special natural capsules.

Sea rays: types

1. Eaglets are from the family of large fish and lead a pelagic lifestyle. These large creatures swim freely in the open sea and tropical regions. Eagle rays move with the help of wavy flapping of their wings - fins. Manta rays and mobulas filter plankton from the water.
2. Stingrays have sharp spines all over their body. The tail of these fish gives off poisonous secret, which is why a blow to them can be fatal. Poison that penetrates the wound can cause tachycardia, vomiting, severe pain and low blood pressure, and paralysis.
3. Guitarfish are similar in appearance, but they have gills, which classifies them as stingrays. They use their tail specifically for movement, which is reminiscent of sharks. They feed on small fish and shellfish. They throw themselves on the victims from above, press them to the ground and then eat them.
4. Stingrays are a family of electric stingrays, there are about 40 species. They are inactive, swim very slowly, and, as a rule, lie at the bottom, buried in the sand. If the prey swims close, one electrical discharge is enough to stun it and then eat it. They also use electrical discharges for defense.
5. Narcinoids - slow ones produce no more than 37 volts. Live in temperate latitudes, love closed sandy bays near coral reefs and river mouths.
6. Sawtooths include seven Poe general appearance resemble sharks, live in tropical places. They feed on schooling fish. When they break into a school of sardines, they beat the fish with a saw, like a saber, and then pick up the prey from the bottom. It is not dangerous for humans.

Characteristics and uniqueness

How many species of stingrays are there on Earth? There are about 600 of them in total, but most of of them lives in salt water: seas and oceans.

Consider those who live in freshwater:

1. Sea Devil- this animal big size, weighs up to a couple of tons. It was he who inspired the sailors to compose the most incredible and terrible legends. Imagine for a second how a creature weighing 2 tons flies out of the water, and a moment later goes back into the depths. Despite being the largest stingray, it has no electrical power and no spines or teeth. And the elongated tail is also not armed with anything. Despite his name, he is good-natured and does not bother people at all.
2. Electric ramp is also called marble. A dangerous and scary fish, whose cells produce electricity measuring 220 volts. This type of fish has been known for a very long time; its size is 1.5 meters long and 1 meter wide. Weighs from 25-30 kg, top part The body is decorated with white and brown veins, thanks to which its shades can change. A female electric ray can give birth to up to 14 babies at a time. If they are in any danger, she temporarily hides them in her mouth until the threat passes. These fish have an incredible feature that can make any fish motionless.
3. The spiny-tailed stingray gets its name from its tail. His fish plunges into the next victim, and after the perfect one pulls it back out. The stingray releases its weapon only when it hears danger. The diet includes mollusks and crustaceans, which he calmly grinds not with his teeth, but with platinum.

Unusual fish

When such an unusual and bright fish, it makes a lasting impression. There are a wide variety of stingray species on Earth. Their names often reflect their lifestyle. Stingrays are the real butterflies of the seas and oceans, which delight the eye with their unusual beauty.

IN water depths There are a wide variety of creatures. In addition to colorful fish, there are strange creatures there. Sharks and rays are the closest relatives of the ancient inhabitants of the seas and oceans. Millions of years of evolution have made these animals different from each other. Today stingrays represent a diverse group sea ​​inhabitants.

Stingray fish are cartilaginous fish and have a flat body shape.

general characteristics

Stingrays belong to the superorder of elasmobranch cartilaginous fish. They have a characteristic appearance: head fused with pectoral fin and very flat body. Color depends on habitat. Found in fresh and sea ​​waters Oh.

The size of individuals ranges from a couple of centimeters to several meters. The wingspan can reach two meters. The color of the upper body can be sandy, variegated and dark. These colors allow them to camouflage in the environment. The lower part of the body is white. On it are located:

• mouth;
• nostrils;
• gills (5 pairs);
• organs.

The closest relatives of these creatures are sharks, since they are also cartilaginous fish.

The tail of the stingray fish is long and thread-like. Representatives of this species are distributed throughout to the globe. The waters of Australia and Antarctica, the Arctic Ocean and other places are where stingrays live. They are adapted to any living conditions, which is why they have spread so widely in the course of evolution.

Scientists highlight the following types stingrays:

• electrical;
• sawfish;
• slope-shaped;
• tail-shaped.

All stingrays are electric fish; they are capable of generating electricity. However, only electric stingrays can create it at a voltage of 220 volts. With its help, they paralyze their prey.

Stingrays inhabit all seas and oceans and live both in the cold waters of the Arctic and Antarctic, and in the tropics.

The respiratory system of stingrays is unique. On the back of the individuals there are splashes, which are protected by small valves. With their help, individuals breathe when they bury themselves in the sand at the bottom. If the sprinklers become clogged, then the ramp just needs to clear them with streams of water.

Unique and nervous system. Representatives of this species have well-developed organs of chemical reception, photoreception and the acoustic-lateral system. Stingrays have high autonomy of the spinal cord, which brings them closer to cold-blooded animals.

Nutritional Features

All sea rays are predators. Each species has its own characteristics of behavior and hunting. Some burrow at the bottom and wait for prey, while others actively search for it themselves. Small individuals eat plankton and small fish.

Rest eat mullet, capelin, salmon, sardines. Large representatives of the species attack octopuses and crabs. Individuals break through their strong shells with special plates in their mouths, which replace their teeth.

In some species the tail is covered with spines. It is with its help that the victim is stunned. Electric rays hug the fish with their fins and stun them with discharges.

It is worth remembering that such an attack is dangerous even for humans and can be fatal.

Sea stingrays They are predators and eat fish and plankton.

Reproduction and lifespan

Meet different ways Reproduction: viviparous, oviparous and ovoviviparous. Before mating, the male courts the female. He swims after her, biting her pectoral fin.

U major representatives each species is born one baby at a time. Small individuals can reproduce 14 small stingrays. The size of newborns sometimes does not exceed 2 cm, but from the first minute of life they can receive an electric shock.

Small species live about seven years, large ones - 18 years. Much depends on favorable conditions environment. For example, those species that live off the Cayman Islands live up to 25 years. A good food supply and suitable climatic conditions help in this.

Some small species of stingrays can be kept in an aquarium. The volume of the container must be at least 250 liters. For these inhabitants it is better to choose a horizontal dwelling. The bottom should be as free as possible so as not to interfere with the movement of the individual.

You can plant plants in the ground. Aquarium must be closed with a lid, since some individuals like to jump out of the water. They adapt to any water hardness, the main thing is not to change the parameters suddenly.

At home pet fed with lake bloodworms. It is first disinfected and frozen. Boiled shrimp are given as a treat. They are sold in grocery stores. They are first cleaned of their shell and legs. Large pieces should be torn into small pieces. It is acceptable to include soft squid meat in the diet, scallops.

Viviparous species of stingrays bear their young in a designated organ.

For better formation of dental plates and cartilaginous skeleton, pollock fillet is given. It is a source of phosphorus.

You can try breeding stingrays at home. In males, paired genital organs in the form of tubercles are clearly visible on the lower part of the body. In the female they are in the form of tubes. It is better to place a couple of individuals in a separate aquarium. They are fed generously. Before the breeding process itself, food is not given for four days.

The male will begin to show interest in the female. He will start chasing her and swimming around her beautifully. Sexual intercourse lasts about three minutes. Pregnancy lasts about 20 weeks. Before giving birth, a female will notice a bulge on her lower body.

From one to twelve full-fledged cubs are born; it is better to transplant them into a separate aquarium. Juveniles are fed with tubifex, bloodworms, and small minced fish. They reach sexual maturity by one year of age.

Stingrays are one of the ancient fish. Habitat: fresh and salt waters. Stingrays are found all over the planet: in tropical, subtropical, and also off the coast of Antarctica.

IN tropical latitudes Stingrays live in small sizes up to 15 cm; Cook's Stingray is medium in size, about 5 meters. The sea devil is the most big representative Stingrays reach 7m in width, weighing 3.5 tons. Let's look at the main characteristics of the superorder of stingrays.

Structure of stingrays

It is common for stingrays to have flattened body, with the presence of massive pectoral fins, which are connected to the head section. The caudal fin is thin, with undeveloped blades; the anal fin is absent. The internal skeleton consists of cartilage tissue.

The underside is equipped with nostrils and five gill arches. Upper skin covering can be painted in light colors or dark, depends on the habitat of the animals, which helps them camouflage and remain unnoticed.

Teeth in the form of spikes or flattened, they close tightly, forming a grater. Eyes are on the back, lacking a nictitating septum. The surface of the body is covered with placoid scales, which have a cavity with connective tissue where they lie blood vessels and nerves.

Stingrays have good developed vision, chemical reception, side line. Thanks to electroreception, they are able to pick up electrical impulses from other fish (contraction of the heart or respiratory muscles). The swim bladder is missing.

Respiratory system It has distinctive features compared to other fish. Since stingrays are constantly at the bottom, and often completely bury themselves in the sandy bottom, when breathing together with water in respiratory organs sand would also get in, to avoid this respiratory system stingrays have adapted to their bottom-dwelling way of life.

Air enters through the sprayers, which are located on the back side. They are equipped with a special valve that prevents the entry of foreign bodies. Even if the valve malfunctions, the fish can get rid of the foreign object by applying a stream of water.

Stingray squads

- lead sedentary lifestyle life, are often buried in the sandy bottom. In the area of ​​the pectoral fins there is an organ that generates current. The power of the electric charge can harm a person, but the stingrays themselves do not attack people; they use the current as protection.

– the pectoral fins are not as developed as those of other representatives; they use the caudal fin to move. The head section is flat, wide, with sharp teeth on the sides; they help to hunt or search for prey in the sand. Sometimes they can swim and live in fresh water bodies.

– have a diamond-shaped, flattened body, with outgrowths in the area of ​​the pelvic cartilages, and the remains of gill folds are located near the squirters. They reproduce mainly by viviparity. Guitar rays still have dorsal fins. Famous representative, living off the coast of Europe - sea fox.

– large fish, move easily with the help of pectoral fins, which end at eye level, so the head section is clearly visible. The Orlyakov detachment includes a large family of Stingrays, which are often separated into a separate detachment. These fish have a bony protrusion in the tail - a spine, necessary for protection and hunting, it also contains poison. People on the beach, not noticing the stingray in the sand, can step on Stingray and get hit. Toxic substances, embedded in the wound, cause vomiting, a drop in pressure, and paresis.

Reproduction of stingrays

Stingrays are dioecious fish, reproduce in two ways: some are capable of viviparity, others lay eggs surrounded by a capsule.

Viviparous females give birth to small offspring, for example, electric rays give birth to up to 14 babies, and a female sea devil is only capable of bearing one child (the weight of a newborn ray is about 10 kg). Their uterus is equipped with special outgrowths (trophotenia), which supply nutrients to the fetus.

The lifespan of individual individuals depends mainly on their size, than smaller sizes, the shorter it is life cycle, small fish live up to 10 years under favorable conditions, larger ones can live up to 20 years.

Stingray lifestyle

The benthic lifestyle of stingrays determined characteristic appearance fish They for a long time are at the bottom, you will never meet them in surface waters, so they have a flattened, wide body. They move with the help of lateral fins, smoothly flapping them like wings, while for swimming they do not use the caudal fin at all.

They can live in conditions low temperatures(about 2°C), and quite high (up to 30°C). Stingrays – predatory fish, the main food products are shellfish, crayfish, salmon, sardines; some species also feed on plankton. In the process of capturing food, they press the prey to the bottom surface and capture the fish with their mouth located in the abdominal region.

Some stingrays, which are capable of emitting electric current, are hiding at the bottom, waiting for their prey. When octopuses or crayfish swim close, the stingrays shock them with a shock and then collect the prey. The key-tailed ray has special weapon- This is a caudal fin with many spines on the surface, with which it strikes victims.

The importance of stingrays in human life

1. Used as raw materials for the production of dietary supplements;
2. stingrays - valuable food product, is a delicacy on restaurant menus, especially in the east. Koreans eat meat raw;
3. survive in captivity, so they are kept like aquarium fish;
4. due to their predatory nature, they are a necessary link in the ecosystem for population regulation marine organisms, in the early stages of development they themselves become food;
5. Stingray leather is durable with a specific texture, so it is used for sewing bags and wallets.

Cramp-fish - oldest inhabitant water depths. Stingrays are mysterious creatures. They, together with their closest relatives, are the most ancient residents of the depths of the waters.

These creatures have so many interesting features, which is how they differ from other representatives of the fauna floating in the water. Scientists suggest that in prehistoric times the distant ancestors of stingrays differed little in structure, but the myriads of years that have passed have made these animals in no way similar, and the individuals of both species themselves have undergone significant changes.

Modern cramp-fish(on photo this is clearly noticeable in the animal) is characterized by an extremely flat body and a head, intricately fused with the pectoral fins, which gives this creature a fantastic appearance.

The color of the animal largely depends on its habitat: sea waters and fresh water bodies. These creatures have color upper area The body can be light, for example, sandy, multi-colored, with fancy patterns, or dark. It is this coloring that helps the stingray successfully camouflage itself from observers from above, giving it the opportunity to merge with the surrounding space.

The lower parts of these flat creatures are usually lighter than the upper parts. On this side of the animal there are organs such as the mouth and nostrils, as well as five pairs of gills. The tail of such water inhabitants has a whip-shaped shape.

Stingrays are a very large group of aquatic animals that have nothing to do with mammals. Scat– is it a fish or more precisely, a creature belonging to the category of elasmobranch cartilaginous fish.

In size, these inhabitants of the depths also differ significantly from each other. There are individuals only a few centimeters long. Others are meter, and in some cases more (up to 7 meters) in size.

The body of stingrays is so flat and long, resembling a pancake rolled out with a rolling pin, that the edges on the sides of the creatures look like wings, representing pectoral fins. In some cases, their scope reaches two meters or more.

An example of this is the stingray, which is a member of the bracken family, the body length of which reaches up to five, and the span of its peculiar wings is up to two and a half meters. Scat – cartilaginous fish . This means that its insides are not built from bones, like those of sharks and other animals, but from cartilage.

The coloring of the stingray gives it the ability to camouflage itself on the seabed

The habitats of stingrays are as vast as their diversity. Such animals can be found in the depths of water all over the planet, even in the Arctic and Antarctic. But with the same success they inhabit tropical waters.

The depth of the reservoirs that serve as shelter for animals similarly varies greatly. Stingray fish lives and is able to successfully take root in shallow water, but also perfectly adapts to exist at a depth of 2700 m.

Character and lifestyle of stingray fish

Amazing properties various species of stingrays boggles the mind. For example, on the coasts of Australia you can see “flying stingrays”. There are also electric fish stingrays.

In the photo there are “flying” stingrays

And such strength, given to them by nature, turns out to be an excellent weapon in the fight for survival. Such creatures are capable of paralyzing the victim using their own electricity, which is produced by all stingrays, but it is this type produces it in quantities up to 220 volts.

Such a discharge, which is especially strong in water, is quite sufficient to paralyze certain parts of the human body, and even lead to fatal outcome. The most interesting of species stingray fish – nautical devil. This animal huge size, weighing more than two tons.

Sailors created the most incredible legends about such creatures, the reasons for which were the unexpected appearance of such monstrous in size marine stingray fish from the abyss before the eyes of stunned travelers.

They jumped headlong out of the water and then disappeared into the depths, flashing their pointed tail, which often caused panic. However, the fears were groundless, and such creatures are completely harmless and even peaceful in nature.

In the photo there is a stingray "sea devil"

And no cases of attacks on people have been recorded for a long time. Quite the contrary, people often ate their nutritious and tasty meat, which is still a component and integral part many dishes, as well as a wide variety of exotic recipes.

But the process of hunting for a sea devil can turn into a dangerous activity, because the size of the animal allows it to overturn a boat with fishermen. The main part of the life of stingray fish passes at the bottom of reservoirs. These animals even rest by burying themselves in mud or sand. This is why the respiratory system of these animals is different from other fish.

They do not breathe through gills, but air enters their body through devices called squirters, which are located on its back. These organs are equipped with a special valve that helps protect the stingray’s body from foreign particles that enter from the bottom of the reservoir. All unnecessary debris, particles of sand and dirt are removed from the spray bottle released by the ramp using a stream of water.

Stingrays also move in a curious way, not using their tail at all when swimming. They flap their fins like butterflies, and their peculiar body shape helps the animals practically float in the water, which is why they are excellent swimmers.

Stingray nutrition

Cramp-fish- a predatory creature. Its main food is fish: salmon, sardines, mullet or capelin. Larger species may be tempted by such prey, as can crabs. Small varieties are content with plankton, as well as small fish.

The diversity of stingrays and their amazing capabilities also manifest themselves in obtaining food. To hunt for your victims different kinds These fantastic creatures use the weapons that nature has provided them with.

An electric stingray, having overtaken its prey, hugs it with its fins and stuns it with an electric discharge, awaiting its death. And the weapon of the spiny-tailed stingray is its tail, studded with spines, which it thrusts into the enemy. When eating mollusks and crustaceans, it uses special protruding plates that replace teeth for this creature, grinding its prey with them.

Reproduction and lifespan of stingray fish

Some species of stingrays are viviparous, while others lay eggs in capsules. There are also varieties that perform their reproductive function in an intermediate manner, being ovoviviparous.

When carrying cubs, the mother’s body nourishes the embryos with peculiar outgrowths that penetrate into oral cavity. A female sea devil is capable of giving birth to only one cub, but its size is very impressive, and its weight is about 10 kg. But a female electric ray, which gives birth to live cubs, is capable of increasing the genus of rays by sometimes 14 individuals.

Newborns are only 2 cm in size, but from the very first minute of their existence they are able to produce electricity. The lifespan of stingrays most often depends on size. Small species live on average from 7 to 10 years. The larger ones live longer, from about 10 to 18 years.

Some varieties: electric Stingray, as well as a number of others, for example, living in the Cayman Islands, where for such representatives of the fauna there are the most favorable conditions, live their lives for about a quarter of a century.

Stingrays are related to sharks. First, What they have in common is that both do not have bones, they are replaced by cartilage. Second, they live in the depths of the sea. Third, that's what they drive predatory image life.


The habitats of stingrays, as well as sharks, are different latitudes and the depths of the seas.

Stingrays look quite peculiar; at first glance, they resemble a children's toy - kite. They have a flattened body, as if pressed down by someone from above. The body of stingrays is covered with scales, the appearance of which resembles thorns. The structure of these spines is similar to the structure of teeth. Immediately from the head there are huge pectoral fins, it seems that they are fused with the head. Stingrays swim with the help of these fins, the work of which sets the whole body in motion. This is how stingrays differ from their relatives - sharks, whose main thing in swimming is their powerful tail.


The teeth of stingrays fit tightly together and look like a grater. The eyes are located on top of the head, the eyeballs are tightly rooted to its base, which are completely devoid of blink reflexes. Stingrays vary in size: they can range from a few centimeters to seven meters in length.

Stingray habitats

Stingrays are mainly bottom dwellers and their favorite places to live are depths of the sea . Since they are predators, they happily eat small fish, crayfish, and mollusks, which they find at the bottom of reservoirs. Because they live mainly on the bottom of oceans and seas, the color of the dorsal part of stingrays changes from sandy to black. In this way they adapt to the changeable and treacherous bottom world and the color of their back changes for secrecy. The habitats of stingrays are quite diverse: they can live in the cold waters of Antarctica and in tropical seas. They feel very comfortable at water temperatures up to 30 0 C. Many species of stingrays live right off the coast, at a depth of one meter, but there are also those that descend to an ocean depth of up to three kilometers.

Varieties of stingrays

There are more than four hundred species of stingrays in nature. Their appearance and lifestyle directly depend on their habitat.

Here, for example, are some of them:

– this type is characterized by the fact that the weight of this slope can reach up to 2 tons (!) and a wingspan in motion of up to 7 meters. The manta ray looks very mesmerizing when it is swimming; it resembles a huge fairy-tale bird. A characteristic feature of this type of stingray is that, like dolphins, they love to jump out of the water, reaching a height of up to 1.5 meters and fall back, splashing water in different directions.

- their wingspan is slightly smaller, reaching up to 2.5 meters, and can stretch up to five meters in length. Stingrays of this variety have a kind of spike at the end of their tail, which they use for self-defense and can hit the enemy so that he flies far to the side.

Electric ramps– this type of stingray has a natural gift, electrical discharge, which can protect the stingray from impending danger or paralyze the prey. The charge of electricity is located at the junction of the stingray's head and pectoral fins. Discharge strength electric current a regular stingray can reach up to 40 volts. This blow will be enough to stun the victim, paralyze him and then eat him.

Peculiarities of stingray reproduction

A female stingray gathers around herself during the mating season great amount males who, as if spellbound, synchronously repeat all the movements of the female. The most successful and agile male who wins these games receives the right to copulate with the female, which lasts only one and a half minutes.

Stingrays reproduce in different ways: they are viviparous and egg-laying, so-called capsules, each containing a fertilized egg. There is such a species of stingray as the Sea Devil, the female of this species carries one single baby for a whole year, which is born weighing more than ten kilograms and up to one meter tall. After his birth, the mother loses all interest in her child and he sets off on his own.

• Stingray is the most stingray dangerous look for a person. On the tail of this species of stingray there is a huge spike, at the end of which there are poisonous cells. When receiving a portion of this poison, a person can be completely paralyzed and may fall to a minimum blood pressure, skeletal joints and muscles may become paralyzed without recovery.
• The eyes and mouth of a stingray are located in different places on the head and the stingray never sees what it absorbs while eating.
• People catch stingrays and use their skin to make belts and wallets, and eat the meat.
• In places where stingrays live, local residents and tourists try to get an electric shock from the stingray. It is believed that by receiving the desired shock of electricity from the stingray, people will get rid of many diseases such as back pain.
• Ancient people actively hunted stingrays tail-shaped. They used the spines of these stingrays to make arrows. In addition to the fact that they were very convenient for hunting, they were saturated with poison, which helped them in the fight against external enemies. Information about the characteristics, habitats, habits and consequences of encounters with a stingray is so interesting and informative that a whole book would not be enough to describe everything that interests people about these rather unusual creatures.