Silent, but inspiring awe tree is ash for many centuries has served as a symbol of justice and security. Ancient Greek artisans made a spear from his wood, as well as handles for different species Weapons. The painters loved to portray the militant goddess retribution with an elegant branch of this long-term plant. At the same time, some people believed that his juice is deadly poison For the very dangerous Snake on the ground. A shirt impregnated with such a liquid was a real body armor for a valiant warrior.

With rheumatism, the characteristics advised to make sessions of rubbing decoction from the kidneys, as well as bark. An infusion from the leaves served as an antipyretic agent.

Craftsmen very valued ash wood. Many home utensils, as well as a rural tool for this confirmation. From the dried bark also made a hive. The large plates were combined into a bulk cylinder, and on top they attached a cone-shaped lid from the same material.

Randevo with ash

These monolithic representatives of the Maslin family are found in the territory moderate breadth. The southern and central regions of Russia, as well as Ukraine, are rich in whole groves / forests consisting of such gigids. About 50 varieties of this wood plant with non-subsidizing azart examine hundreds of naturalists. With the first meeting with the tree ash, many celebrate its delightful features.

High growth

The average height of these breeds is 12-15 m, and the maximum is 30 meters. Nevertheless individual decorative species (for example, Griffith grade) we grow only up to 1.5 m. There are also 40-meter giants, which are more than 100 years. One of them serene grows in Uzhgorod.

Openwork crown

The crown of the ash form the arcoid long branches, because of this, it has an empty character. Due to the high growth of the crown tree, the original dome in the form of a pyramid is drawn up and forms. The luxurious openwork structure provides leaves located on a branch opposite each other. They are oblong shape and medium size. Through their translucent canvas, photons of light, creating an unforgettable spectacle. I barely catchy breastfeeding, and these rays start playing completely new special effects.

Extravagant "Earrings"

Add a bright description of the tree ash, it is necessary for its inflorescences and fruits. In April and May Days, you can observe this exciting female of the paints. Different types of family of olive can be both white and burgundy or even purple flowers in the form of blizzard. All these "decorations" looks surprising on completely naked grayish brown branches.
A few weeks later, ftifts of leaves appear on shortclosure shoots. Seeds are developing from flower beams, resembling wings of a moth. On one twig of such plates can be up to 50 pcs. These chic "earrings" create an amazing type of plant.

After all, on one tree, male and women's flowers ripen in different time, so they do not have time to exchange genetic information. Unfortunately, these bulbs do not attract insects.

Hidden

The entire secret of lush luxury of this long-term plant is hidden in the ground at a depth of no more than 1.5 m. It is the root system that supplies the moisture in stocks and nutrients. Most of the species of this family does not have a rod root. As a result, the rhizome germinates not very deep, spreading only on the surface. Nevertheless, plants can adapt to the environment. Then they germinate the central rod, which is letting the process. They can find moisture even on a 3-meter depth.

Crop the branches of the wood plant for the formation of the correct crown is not worth it. It is better to carefully remove dried sites or wolf shoots.

Decent Garden Exhibit

Creating a landscaped interior on the nursery plot, it is important to pay a special place to pay the ash. It perfectly fit into the local garden flavor, and most importantly, will admire its greatness and beauty of all neighbors. Select a specific type of rock should depend on the goals pursued by the gardener. Here are some of the options:

• high specimens with a pyramid crown are suitable for monumental / single exhibits;
• low, horizontal and shag different varieties - Nakhodka in creating a living hedge;
• the extravagance of the garden will give a swearing variety, the branches of which are unusually curved, like Willow.

To land these amazing ash, you need to find a smooth area and preferably without shady seats. However, the land must be sufficiently humid, but without the formation of water stagnation. After all, these plants carry drought without problems, as well as frosty winter. The key to the active and successful development of wood depends largely on planting a seedling.

It is worth avoiding the landing ash in saline. You can give preference to local calcium locations. At the same time, the acidity of the soil should vary within 6-7 pp.

Features of soil

When buying a sapling, you need to pay attention to the way it is located. Roots should be hermetically packed with an opaque material or be in a container. Before falling down the root, having impregnated with their moisture. In turn, the well will need to be made by 33% more than the earthen kom rhizomes of a sapling.
The fourth part of it should be filled with drainage consisting of:

• rubble;
• pebbles;
• large sand.

Thanks to such a "pillow", each layer of land will evenly sink. Moreover, it will not be seals on which saline education is settled. Moisture will not be able to accumulate in roots, which can lead to zakining and rotting. The soil substrate should include:

• one part of the sand;
• two parts of humus;
• 1 h. Deciduous land.

After that, the nearby plot must be covered with mulch (layer height - 15 cm). It can consist of both peat and wood chips. The first four days saplings need abundant irrigation. If possible, the plot must be accomplished, deepening the cip is no more than 7 cm.

Recommended to make in the beginning and in the end of spring. IN autumn period The plant can be picked up by Kemira solutions (wagon) or nitroammophos. For the winter it is necessary to bust the barrel of the bag.
Such precautions concern only 3-year-old copies.

It should be borne in mind that loose ground after planting will be as follows. For tall trees, this is a catastrophe. Therefore, the roots need to land by 10-20 cm above the horizon.

The mighty tree is ash, there are also many enemies. You can count the bug-cored beetle, as a branch / barrel cancer. The growths, rot, and other formations can be safely removed by processing the wounds with a solution of activated carbon.
All other pests need to be eliminated using insecticides. As a result of such a gentle care, the ash will grow large (up to 5 meters at home) and healthy.

History of Tree ash - video

"" I asked the ash, where my favorite ... "," sings the hero of one of the most popular and favorite viewers of the film. And did you think that the tree is ash? What does it look and where is growing? Maybe it grows right under your window, and you do not know about it? Let's try to figure out.

Description of wood

To know what we are talking about, you need to understand how the tree is ash looks. It is unusually beautiful, first of all, thanks to its leaves that are so thin and gentle that the sun's rays can be seen through them. The light penetrates through the leaflet, so the tree and has such a cute name. According to Daly, the word "ash" happened from "light, clear".

Ash - large tree, so he changes his leaves annually. In general, there are about 60 breeds of this plant in the world, the largest of them is white ash. This is a very powerful tree. Its leaves resemble birds of birds with a symmetric structure.

Tree ash disrupts its flowers even earlier than the leaves. Dark brown or purple flowers are collected in a few pieces of bundles. Most often they do not have a whin and a cup, but there are several stamens that are a distinctive feature Tree.

It is better to see how many times to hear, so it's worth carefully look at the photos that will show anything better than anyword, which is actually a ash.

Wednesday

The ash loves wet spacious places with a warm climate. It can often meet in various reservoirs, rivers and other places with high humidity. As for the terrain, of course, you will not meet it in places with sharply continental climat, After all, he is very warm.

Many ash can be seen in Ukraine, in Moldova and the Caucasus. It can be found in Crimea, Malaya Asia and in the European part of Russia. Most often ash grows in mixed forestsHe loves to coast with alder. He is also found on large glades and on the brothers, where there is a lot sunlight. No wonder people loved the tree ash. Where it grows - there is always the solar place, and next to water.

Mythological ash

This tree was loved by a person since ancient times. Many ancient people even believed that their progenitor is a tree ash. A description of this interesting judgment can be found in the poet poem. Ancient Greece Gesiod "Works and Days." It is on the pages of his work it is said about how the ancient Greek gods found two trees: ash and alder - and created from them, respectively, a man and a woman, having gone their body, soul, feelings and mind. Even in heaven of ancient Greece, the ash continues to live and delight with his beauty of those who fall into this place.

In Lithuania, this tree symbolizes righteous and clean life. The ash appears in Lithuanian fairy tales, legends and air. In addition, many nations tremendously belonged to ash, loving and reading this tree. Perhaps only Oaks exceeded him by power, but not in beauty.

Why do ash love so much?

Not in vain the tree ash was isolated among other breasts of ages. There are a lot of reasons for it. The first, very important is his beauty and nobility. Clearing was planted where it was necessary to give a noticeable and outstanding appearance to the city, village or village. Alands planted alleys, parks, then walking along them, enjoy their beauty. This plant was always deservedly considered and consider the valuable tree of trees.

In addition to external beauty, the ash is popular because of its frost resistance, negative external influence of poor environmental conditions, exhaust gases, soil sealing. It is planted along the roads.

In addition to the above-mentioned advantages, the ash is widely used in folk medicine. His decoction soothe nervous system, treat dysentery, gout. In addition, it has anti-inflammatory properties, indispensable for rheumatism, renal disease, arthritis and is an excellent diuretic.

Spring ash, like birch, gives delicious sweet juice, which can replace sugar for patients with diabetes.

The ash loved for her wood, which is very durable and elastic. Since ancient times, the warriors were made from it weapons, bows, spears and clubs, which kept military campaigns, participating even in the most difficult battles. In Russia, it was made of dishes, rockers, hoops and even wheels. Modern athletes also enjoy sports equipment from ash: skiing of excellent quality, racing oars and gymnastic bars.

Furniture from this tree is simply great. This wood is easy to process, is perfectly polished and almost deformed during operation. It has a very beautiful fiber drawing, it was not for nothing that this tree breed was chosen for the furniture of the Kremlin Palace.

Fruits ash

The ash begins to be fron in adulthood - 20-30 years. The fruits are called the name of the wolfold and especially rush in the winter when they are not blocked by leaves. Every year, the outerness is literally sleeping with seeds who are torn in bulk and other birds, as well as mice. Even horses are fed by cruises, first of all, because they are very nutritious and contain a lot of proteins.

Many people also use the fruit of ash in food. For example, in England they collect them and marinate, thereby receiving a snack to the main dishes. In the Caucasus, too, the winters are harvested in a similar way. As a result, a spicy delicious seasoning is obtained, which has valuable properties and containing vitamins. In general, the ash is a relative of Maslina (the genus ash refers to the Maslin family), so you should not be surprised why its fruits are so tasty.

Growing ash

The ash is a rock tree, which is very sunlumyology, so for its landing it is necessary to choose places with good access to sunlight. The soil should not contain many salts and be too wet. Also, the outers do not like too dense landing, so this should be worried about it in advance, putting trees at a distance of at least 5 meters from each other. Before boarding, it is followed by a tree to hold in the water, and then for the first 3 days we regularly water. If summer is arid, then it is advisable to water regularly, otherwise a double-sighted watering for all summer.

In order for the tree to grow beautiful and healthy, it is desirable to feed it with various fertilizers and processed from malicious insects on time. If you comply with all these rules, it will grow powerful and tall.

Conclusion

Look at the ash tree, the photo of which is presented below.

Is it not excellent? In the shade, it can relax, enjoying the cool, from its wood you can make many useful and necessary things, it will help to correct your health and allow you to taste tasty and unusual snack From fruit. And with the ash, you can talk like with best friend. Which, however, did the hero of the Soviet film's beloved millions.

In the beliefs of many peoples, the ash is the tree of revival and updates, helps to combine the past and the future. In German-Scandinavian mythology, the global tree is a giant ash, whose name is igdrasil. The universe Scandinavians represented themselves in the form of this tree. Many legends and myths of the peoples of the world narrate that the appearance of the first people is associated with the ash, in some of them it is said that people were carved out of ash wood, in some that the first people appeared on the ash tree ...

General

The clan is included in the Maslin family and there are about 60 species. These are leaf falling trees or multi-shrubs whose height varies from 5 to 45 m, with a direct barrel, highly cleaned by bruises. Most small trees or shrubs prevail. The bark of young trees is greenish, ash or light brown, with age darkens and covered by cracks. The crown is elongated-egg-shaped, widely rounded, with thick, relatively rare young branches, whose ends grow almost steep up. The shoots are naked or pubescent, with white lentils, the kidneys are dark, often with the specks. The leaves are large, unpacturous, very rarely solid, without coastal, with 3-17 leaves; Sheets are thin or leathery, on top of dark green, green or yellowish-green, bottom lighter. Flowers in finite or lateral bulbous inflorescences. Fruits hang on the tree almost all winter and often in significant quantities are destroyed by birds. The germination of seeds is 60-80%, is preserved for two or three years. Light-chapter but in young age makes shading; often suffers from late spring frosts; It grows well on rich, sufficiently wet soils; Can carry significant dry soil and air. Well tolerates a strong soil seal, transplantation, air pollution with dust and smoke. Grows quickly. Fruit starts at 15-20 years, in forest plantings - much later. Fruit is plentiful and almost annually. Develops a rather powerful root system, numerous roots grow down and sides.

Modern area of \u200b\u200bthe kind of ash is limited mainly by the northern hemisphere. Separate species of ash enter in rainforests. As evidenced by the data of the paleontological excavations, in the wholnikovaya era during the wet and warm climate The ash was widespread in Europe, Asia and North America. Representatives of the kind of ash possess a very high ecological plasticity. 10 species of ash growing in Europe, in Africa - one species in Northern and Central America - 16 species. About 50 species of kind of ash grows in Asia. Some species are widespread rocks, some have a small area. The most extensive range and the greatest economic significance At the ash of an ordinary. In Asia is widespread and used in various industries ash ash yenchu.

Fraxinus Excelsior) - The first magnitude tree, reaching a height of 40 m and 1.7 m in diameter, with the extended-ovoid and further - highly raised, widely rounded, with thick, relatively rare, arcuate curved branches and thick shoots, growing almost steady upside down crown . The lifespan of this tree is 150-350 years. The trunk is complete, the bark in young trees greenish-gray, smooth, with age becomes gray or dark gray with large quantity Frequent cracks. The shoots are light gray or greenish, naked, with infrequent whitish lentils. The kidneys of coal-black color, with small specks. The leaves are unpaired, appear after flowering, consist of usually out of 7-9 sheets, less often - from 5-15. Inflorescence - Makeup. Blooms in May, fruits ripen in late August - September, not most of The winridge falls in winter, most of the hanging on the tree to spring. Although the ash is a widespread breed, its net plantings are rarely found and only in small areas. After cutting, it forms a very fast-growing poros. Porval ability The tree retains at least 70 years. Ash is an ordinary - a thermal-loving breed, in the harsh winter there is a partial frost of shoots and the top kidneys, in young plantings there are frequent damage to the leaves of spring frosts. With age, the ash rises resistance to low temperature. The ash is considered one of the most light-affiliated rocks, we can assume that there is a teenager more shape compared to adult trees. The root system is powerful, with numerous roots, the rod root is not developed. The ash is demanding of fertility and moisture content of soil, grows well on gray forest loams and on sufficiently wet humus soils in the floodplains of rivers; It reacts negatively to the presence in the soil of soda, sodium chloride salts, magnesium, calcium, does not tolerate the increased acidity of soil. Well tolerates a strong soil seal, transplantation, air pollution with dust and smoke.

The ash's ash reaches ripeness in 100-120 years, the average diameter of the trunk at this age is from 31 to 54 cm. Ash is a ring of wood, wood with a brown core and a wide white, slightly yellowish zabol. The transition of the core in the swamp is gradual, unevenly wavy. In early wood there are several rows of large vessels. The border of the annual layers is clearly visible. Late ash wood is more dense and dark than the early one. The core rays are narrow and numerous. The core of wood brown, the swamp is wide, with beautiful drawing. Wood strong, solid, viscous, elastic. Research results of physical mechanical properties Wood ash of an ordinary, formed in different environmental conditions, indicate greater strength of wood in fresh conditions Placement compared to wet.

Ashinus mandshurica) - View, in many ways similar to the ash's ordinary. Ash manchursky - The tree of the first magnitude, reaches a height of 25 m, and in diameter - 1.5 m. The barrel straight, columnary, crown is highly raised, widespread, openwork. This is one of the common. wood breeds on South Far East. The bark is covered with thin cracks even in young trees, changes with the age of color from the ash-gray to dark gray. Saving and young branches of dark yellow or brown, with white leishers, black kidneys or black and brown, naked. It grows quickly, after logging, it is well renewed by a pig from the stump, this ability retains up to 120-130 years. Lives up to 400 years. It blooms in early May to the dissolution of the leaves, the fruits ripen at the end of September - in October, fall out during the winter. The ash of Manchurian is one of the main forming breeds of broad-willed and coniferous-wide forests of the East Asian coniferous-wide forest area. This kind of ash is pretty frost, winter articles, but young shoots and leaves suffer from late spring frosts, lightly, but the teen can take some shading. Required to moisture and soil fertility. The best for the growth of Ashenian Manchurian are well-drained soils in the valleys of rivers, especially by the edges, on apparent fresh, deep and fertile soils. The root system is deep and powerful, which provides wind resistance wood. Wood is darker than that of an ordinary ash, the color resembles nuts. The core is sharply pronounced, dark brown, takes about 90% diameter, the swamp is narrow, light, oath-brown. Wood solid, heavy, viscous, flexible, elastic, dense, borders of annual rings are clearly visible. The physico-mechanical properties of the wood ash of Manchurian is very variable and strongly depend on the number of annual layers. Wood ash Manchursky is stable against rotting than the ash of an ordinary. Distributed in the Primorsky Krai of the Russian Federation, Korea, China, Japan, on Sakhalin. In Russia, the culture was introduced in 1882.

Summolistic ash (Fraxinus. fromorriaefolia.) - A view close to the ash-called, from which it is distinguished by the thick omission of leaves and a low-heated gear. Summer ash trees reach a height of 25 m. Sleeps of light gray, with velvety chopping, black kidneys, pubescent. Flowers in April, fruits ripen in August. Distributed in the Caucasus, rarely meets in the forests of the lower and middle belts of the mountains.

Ospillage ash (Fraxinus.oxycarpa.) he is a very volatile view close to the as-said asian, and it is difficult to distinguish from him. Widden in the Crimea, the Mediterranean, in the Caucasus, the Balkan Peninsula, in Malaya Asia and Iran. Introduced in 1815. This is a tree of first magnitude with a broad-shaped crown, reaching a height of 20-30 m and 1.3 m in diameter, lives up to 350 years. The branches are greenish-gray or light yellowish, kidney boring-brown. From the ash of an ordinary is distinguished by smaller and narrow leaves. Vegethes from early May to early October. Flowers in April - May, fruits ripen in August - September. Rose growth rate. Winter hardiness is low, light-chapter. Like a gustany tree with beautiful openwork foliage has high decorative qualities.

Cleaner narrow (Fraxinus.angustifolia) - Decorative, compact light-affilome plant, wood can reach a height of 20 m, sometimes grows a bush. Communicated in Crimea, Transcaucasia, Mediterranean, Iran. Introduced into the culture in 1800. Young shoots green, shiny, black kidneys. Xeromesophyte, winter hardiness is low. The view close to the ash is a sharplyodic, which differs with larger cruiseplates and private inflorescences. Flowers in May, fruits ripen in August.

Yellow Poyarkova (Fraxinus.pojarkoviana.) - A view close to the aspric is narrowed, which is distinguished by longer, in the top of the top, the wipes. Completed in the regions of the upper Dnieper, on the Balkan Peninsula. In culture is used in plantations in the Transcarpathian region.

Clene Pallisa (Fraxinus.pallisae.) - A view that is very close to the ashes of the oxidic, from which it is distinguished by dense escapes and shedding leaves. The tree reaches a height of 30 m. Saving brown, young branches of ash color, kidney brown or dark brown.

Ash Syrian (Fraxinus.syriaca.) - a decorative tree, reaching a height of 10-15 m, with an elongated egg-shaped or spherical crown and raised up branches. The shoots are grayish-brown, thick, with whitish lentils, kidneys brown or black and brown, briefly pubescent. Motherland - Central Asia, Middle East. Light-loving mesophyte, winter hardiness is low, quite drought-resistant, puts out the soil salinization. Flowers in March - April, fruits ripen in June. Introduced into culture in 1880.

Sogdian ash (Fraxinus.sogdiana.) - A tree with a height of 10-15 m or shrub with an elongated egg or spherical crown, branches raised up, the trunk is often twisted. The shoots are brownish, brownish gray, thick with white lentils. The kidneys are brown or blacks and brown, briefly pubescent. Wireless hygromezophyte, winter hardiness average. Motherland - Kazakhstan, Central Asia. In the floodplains of rivers is growing singly or groups in deciduous forests. Flowers in June, fruits ripen in August - September. Widely used for landscaping Moscow, grows quickly. Introduced in Russia in 1890.

Ash White (Fraxinus Ornus)- A tree with a height of 8-15 m, with a barrel diameter of 20-30 cm, with a proper round, dense, low-planted crown. The trunk is rounded, frightened. The shoots of grayish green, black kidneys or black and brown, with light felt feeding. Area - European part of Russia, Western Europe, Near East. The light-headed xeromesophyte, but can grow in the shade, heat-seeking, drought-resistant, not frosty, the winter hardiness is low. The trunk is short, frightened, covered with gray smooth bark with a low-planted rounded and tolten crown. Vegethes from late April - early May before October. Leaves of light green color. Flowers after the dissolution of the leaves at the end of April - early May, the fruits ripen in July - August. It differs from other types of white, fragrant flowers. Very decorative during flowering. It grows pretty slow. Wood with a reddish tint, high QualityBeautiful. In ash white row decorative shapes. The tree is recommended for single and group landings, as in its appearance and spectacular flowering is valuable decorative breedwhich can be successfully used in green construction.

Clear isobled (Fraxinus.raibocarpa.) - Shrub, less often - a small tree with a height of 5-8 m. It blooms in May - June simultaneously with breaking leaves or a little later, the fruits ripen in June - August. Common through valleys mountain rivers At an altitude of 1200-2000 m above sea level.

Oholanted ashinus Rhynchophilla - A tree that achieves 10-15 m in height and 30-40 cm in diameter. Bark brown-brown, with light, incorrect form Spots and frequent shallow cracks, Rare crown, openwork. Young shoots are grayish-brown, with bright lentils, the kidneys are covered with a red or whitish inlet. The leaves appear during flowering at the end of May - in June, the fruits ripen in September - October. This species is most often growing in mixed forests on fresh rich soils, as well as on stony slopes; In the valleys of rivers it is rare. Is a breed that is one of the first to populate fires; Damaged and burnt specimens of navel ash give a piggy from a root neck. This kind of ash grows quickly, especially the threshing individuals, well tolerates transplant, does not carry out strong cold weather, heat-seeking. Lightweight, but can grow in a half, for example, under a sparse canopy of other breeds, self-sow appears in open places. Crohn at the ash of the nasalisatnye straw and openwork, very beautiful, which makes this kind of irreplaceable for landscaping. In culture since 1892. Common in the south of the Primorsky Territory, in the south of Sakhalin, Northeast China, Japan. Due to the limited distribution of special industrial significance, this breed has no. Wood according to its technical properties is close to the wood of ash manchu.

American Americana (Fraxinus Americana) - A tree with a height of 20-35 m and up to 1 m in diameter, with a broad-shaped crown. The bark in young trees is smooth, light gray, with age darkens and is covered by cracks. The shoots are gray, with a squeezed raid, smooth or with a small downstream, with white lentils. The kidneys are reddish brown, with a matte bloom and specks. Distributed in North America. Introduced in 1874. It grows quickly, lightly, more winter films than other types of drought-resistant, unpretentious to the soil.

Lancing Lancing, or Green (Fraxinus Lanceolata) - Tree reaching in a height of 2535 m, with a broad-shaped crown. Saving light gray or brownish color, smooth. Kidney red-brown color, with thick downsion. Flowers in May, fruits ripen in August - September. Distributed in North America. Introduced in 1723. The light-chapter, very winter and drought-resistant, to the wealth and humidity of the soil rather unpretentious, grows quickly.

Clene Pennsylvanica (Fraxinus Pennsylvanica) - A tree with a height of 15-25 m, often with an incorrect, stretched or one-sided crown. The shoots of brown-gray, with felt leggings and white leishers, buds, brown kidneys. Flowers in April, fruits ripen in August. Distributed in North America. Introduced in 1783. Less winter and drought-resistant than an American ash; grows slower and less durable than ash ordinary; When soil seal or its heavy dryness, especially in settlements, the tree may have a dry vertex.

Wood characteristic

Ash - Sound Breed. Ashwood white swamp white with slightly yellowish, reddish or pinkish tint, core light brown. Typically, the core and swamp differ from each other with color, but it happens the opposite. Sound wood with age acquires dark brown, to chocolate, shade. It is believed that the best is the best for core wood are the color and pattern of the kernel, similar to the color and pattern of the nucleus of the olive wood wood (on the cross section of the wood should be the wavy areas of light-olive and brown and olive color). The ash is a ring-sized breed, which can be seen on the cross section: In the late wood, the accumulation of small vessels and parenchyma form at the boundaries of the annual layer is unsystematic spaced white dots or dashes. Sevective layers are visible good, but the core rays are narrow and invisible. Wood porous in annual rings, early wood fibers noticeably larger fibers late. Yassen wood belongs to heavy and solid varieties, has high strength characteristics, high hardness, elasticity, durability, high impact resistance, is well bended, does not allow dedups. At the orange surfaces are matte shine. Wood ash is easily processed and polished, almost not deformed when drying.

Table 3. Average indicators of basic physical and mechanical
the properties of the wood of ash (numerator - with a moisture content of 12%,
denominator - at 30% or more)

Table 4. Indicators of mechanical properties of ash timber,
classified to 1 kg / m 3

Wood ash elastic and durable wood, so it has been widely used since since ancient times, it was widely used for the manufacture of copies, combat clubs, rogatin, arrows and other weapons, which was solved strong, durable and elastic. Carved woodware from the wood of this tree was greatly popular, boards of well dried ash-treewood were used in shipbuilding, as well as for the manufacture of carriages, sleds, furniture, cheerful and skis. Times are changing, and the wood of this tree is still in demand in various spheres of our life.

According to its physical and mechanical characteristics, it is close to oak wood, therefore the areas of their use are similar. Hardness, elasticity, strength of ash-tree wood allow you to widely use it in the production of sports equipment (tennis rackets, bits, kii, skis, hockey sticks, etc.) and other items. Wood possesses beautiful textureTherefore, it is used as a facing, finishing material, for example, for the production of a parquet board. The ash wood can be processed both manually and with the help of different tools, in a steady state it bends as well as the beech wood. Assemining wood Stand to weak acids, but not sufficiently resistant to influences external environmentis damaged when contacting the ground. Since the ash with difficulty is impregnated, it is rarely used for products that are exploited outside the premises. With a certain treatment, the ash wood becomes like a red tree and, as its alternative, can be used in decorative and finishing works. Ash kapa with an amazingly beautiful wood texture is used to make various decorative crafts. Plywood from ash in demand under finishing works of different characters, for example, when finishing furniture and musical instruments, salons of wagons and cars.

The leaves of an asset are containing tannific acids, tannides, essential oils, ascorbic acid, etc. In the crust of the aspanta, there are tannides, vitamin C, malic acid, etc. All this makes the ash source of valuable drug raw materials, from the leaves and the cortex of the aspirations make anti-inflammatory drugs and bloodstanding both for internal and outdoor use. Clayer is used to obtain paints and tanning substances. Young Yaspen Fruits, collected in the summer, when they are still soft, you can marry and use as seasonings. Leaves, shoots and young branches in fresh and dry form willingly eaten cattle.

The ash is widely used in a seedy business, especially in protective and reclamation forest areas, as well as when landscaping settlements. It is moderately resistant to the ridiculousness and smoke, does not endure soil seals. Beautiful, openwork and air crown makes this breed indispensable in landscaping when creating garden-park ensembles. The ash is growing rapidly, its correct and smooth trunk is quickly cleaned from the bust. From ash, both single landings and groups and whole alleys can be created.

Elena Karpova, Anton Kuznetsov,
Cand. biologist. science
Doc. cafe. general ecology, plant physiology and timberism SPGLTU

Many countries are used as a decorative plant. It has minimal care and irrigation requirements. His main feature is serious pests that settle inside the wood. But if you put a plant correctly, care for it and control its growth, any illness can be prevented.

Ash is a fairly common plant. It is different various specieswho grow worldwide. The ash is used as a decorative plant for the household plot, and also use its wood in the farm. The tree comes from the class of dicotyathic and is a member of the Maslin family. The root of the ash is not alone, it has branched rhizomes, stretching out on huge territories, while releasing a lot of roasting young seedlings.

The bark is distinguished by gray with an ashon. From above, the whole trunk is smooth, pleasant to the touch, going down closer to the bottom of the root, acquires age cracks of a brown shade. The ash brightens in a huge tree - its stem diameter is 1 meter. Branches form a luxurious bright green ball shape. Almost all shoots with growth take an arcuate structure, pulling up.

The average height of the plant is 20-35 meters, in the wildlife trees can be pulled up to 60 meters.

Tree inflorescences are represented by small takes. They can be of a different shade - burgundy, white, purple. The plant is a biscuit, but flowers of different floors bloom at different times, so there is a danger of not getting fertilized seeds.

Wildlife allocate a large number of varieties. All of them are highly resistant to droughts, are not susceptible to severe frost. Allocate the most famous of them:

• Ordinary - grows up to 30 m, crown of wood is located high, takes place openwork. Good grows on sloping soils. It can be seen in the Caucasus, in Iran, in the Transcaucasus.
• Floral (white) - Crohn is low. The tree takes the shape of the pubescent bowl. The plant grows not more than 20 m. His homeland is considered to be Turkey, but you can also meet in Australia, Western Siberia, Spain, South Czech Republic.
• American - tall tree reaches 40 m., Acquires a slightly elongated egg-shaped. Young leaves and sweets are covered with a small down, with age, soft disappears.
• Lancetic (green) - a small village of up to 15 m. The branches are strongly raised, they are fucked well in different directions that form a light, well-ventilated shape of the ball. Withstands up to -45 s. Negatively refers to the trimming of any type.
• Nickname. The crown of the tree is wide, oval, dense character. Used as decor to decorate household plots in America and Southern Europe.
• Fluffy - pulls up to 20 m., Revealed by splashing branches of an untidy shape, which in diameter can take up to 12-13 m. The long-lived can live more than 350 years.
• Manchurian - the diameter of its main trunk reaches 1.5 m., It is pulled up to 30-35 m. The crown is highlighted above the ground, an openwork beautiful structure.
• Black - grows well on swampy places, as well as on the coast of rivers and lakes. It has almost black wood color.

Thus, the ash not only has a large number of different types and types, but also Raskidan around ground Shar.. Trees are distinguished in various categories - from the shape of the crown to the shade of the bark.

Landing: Terms and Rules

It is not much difficult to plant an ash in my area. It will take several requirements for its cultivation:

1. The land must be fertile, loose, well-transmitting moisture and air required for the root system. It is desirable that the substrate is well drained.
2. It is best to choose the soil substrate with neutral or slightly acidic neutrality. Highly acidic and excessively alkaline soils are categorically not suitable for ash. In such soils, its root system will not develop that it is caused by the death of the plant.
3. Plot for accommodation It is worth choosing sunny, without shading by other tall trees.

Before landing, the soil should be fertilized by calcium. But before making the soil, it is necessary to moisten well, but do not bring to the swampy state. Preparing the soil should be 2-3 months before the planned event. It is necessary that the soil is impregnated with nutritional trace elements. The optimal timing of planting young seedlings is the beginning of the autumn months. Choosing ash seedlings, you should carefully consider the planting material.

Cuttings must have healthy view, Bark - without unnecessary cracks, growths or other unusual qualities, trunk - smooth, straight. The root future tree should have elastic roots and a bright branched root system.

Landing Rules:

• When landing, the recess is running 3 times higher than the earthen comed on the selected seedling.
• Drainage is poured on the bottom of the pit. It can be poured with pebbles, broken bricks or clay. Such such a quantity of drainage so that it fill in a hole on 1/4 from the total volume.
• From above drainage is laid out a layer of humus or manure.
• After that, the Earth is poured by 10-15 cm. Only then placed the earth with the root seedlock system. If there are no lands on the roots, the latter should neatly dissolve and pour out the earth.

For rapid growth and expanding the crown, some nuances of its cultivation should be known. If you do not comply with complex rules, then in a few years you can admire the beautiful tree.

The ash prefers abundant irrigation, but if it can be seen that the earth no longer absorbs the supplied moisture, then irrigation should be finished.

Excessively pouring live water is required only during the period of hot summer and a strong drought. The main thing, it is impossible to conduct watering in the middle of the day, during the twisted sunlight. They can provoke burns on the leaves, through the water droplets falling on the surface. The same effect is achieved when watering at the moment of strong wind.

When landing a young village in the recess of the pit is laid out. They are enough for a maximum of 2 years. After this period, you should make feeding each autumn and spring:

• Spring is a solution of urea (15 g), manure (2 kg), calcium nitrate (25 g) and ammonia nitrate (25 g), divorced by 10 liters of water (bucket).
• Autumn - nitroammofoska, in the amount of 20 g divorced by 20 liters of water.

Although the ash does not like pruning, it is still worth spending in the spring. The procedure is carried out until the bootonization. Sanitary and forming trimming is performed. All branches are subject to removal, which were broken for the autumn-winter period, damaged by mechanical pathways, dried independently or were beaten by pests or diseases.

In addition, Croon is formed - the strak is cut into the level of the ground 3 meters. After the cut of all weak and thin branches is carried out. Thus, it carries out full car care. The ash is not a capricious plant, so it will live perfectly and without trimming, as well as watering (if it gets to groundwater).

All problems leading to diseases and pests proceed from improper care and control over the state of the plant. Most often, the ash is amazed by the following diseases:

• Cytophomic cancer - if placing a tree in marsh sections, with high humidity, the plant is amazed by a fungal disease. Wood suffers from him. Sick trees have to cut down and burn in an expedited order so that they do not have time to infect other specimens.
• Infectious necrosis is a disease provoked by fungus. With it, the entire cortex strips are dying in large areas. Spraying in the spring period by iron vigor (3%), the use of burglar fluid during vegetation (1% solution), feeding.
• White comute rot, plenty of small character - it is impossible to reveal not the spilling plant. Amazes the core and root system. Interior The rapid pace is destroyed by turning into a duch. Enters the tree through cracks and scratches. Provokes the disease - fungus. The struggle is the magazine of the Garden Varier, control over the condition of the bark, cropping rotten sites to a healthy territory.

Thus, if you follow the ash, you can replace the appearance of diseases or pests in the first stages of identifying symptoms. Immediately take the necessary measures to combat and save the plant from essential trimming or complete death.

Ash is much where you can use. It is not only suitable for landscaping in the decorative purposes of his own site near the house, but also for the production of wooden furniture, for protective and reclamation forest areas.

For use as a decor, ash plant in park areas or at the view venues. It perfectly tolerates polluted air saturated with exhaust gases and couples. Therefore, he is recommended to grown near the roads, for the fence of urban gardens or parks.

The main advantage of the plant for use in design is simplicity in care and minimum requirements for accommodation.

To disemboditate on the alley, different varieties are used. It looks good Lanzetic or ordinary ash. In addition, they look good when placing them next to small reservoirs.

In a single landing, it looks interesting american ash. For large-scale mixing of various varieties of trees, a narrowing variety is suitable. It is worth noting the quality of wood ash. It is valued for elasticity, flexibility and original color scheme. Especially highlights black grade ash.

More information can be found from the video:

Ovy ash tree

Botanical name: Ash is ordinary or ash high (Fraxinus Excelsior) - the genus is ash, the family of oline.

Motherland ash called: Europe.

Lighting: Lightweight.

The soil: Fertile, moisturized.

Watering: moderate.

Maximum height of the tree: 40 m.

Average life expectancy: 300 years.

Landing: Seeds, seedlings.

What is the ash ash looks like: description and photo

High leaf fall tree, reaching 40 m. Crown is wide, rounded, light, high raised, branches are directed up.

The trunk is low, the correct cylindrical form. The bark ash-gray, smooth, in older trees with deep, longitudinal and narrow, small cracks.

Black kidneys, dilated.

Ash Leaves Unparsted, the opposite, consisting of 7-15 sheets developing after flowering, along the edges are served, at the top of the pointed, dark green, smooth, the bottom is pale green, hair.

Flowers are collected in bundles, there are neither a cup, nor a whin. Each flower contains several red stamens, which distinguishes the tree from other breeds. Flowering begins in May, before the appearance of leaves.

The fruit is a 4-5 cm long cushion, first green, then brown, narrow, above the top, is slightly expanded, with a small recess, collected several pieces in inflorescence - tan. Seed flat, wide, the book narrows. Ripen in August. Stayed on a tree throughout the winter period.

In the photo, the ash is presented in all its glory. Decorativeness gives it an elegant, openwork crown with a large foliage and a slim pyramidal trunk.

Where the tree is growing in Russia

Widespread in Europe, Transcaucasia, Mediterranean and in Asia Minor. The places where the ash grows in Russia is quite a lot, his area covers the European part of the country. It is located along the line of St. Petersburg - Right Bank of Volga - the mouth of the Major River. It grows in Crimea, Moldova, Ukraine and in the Caucasus. In the Caucasus rises high in the mountains, reaching favorable conditions Large sizes. Mounts on different soils, sometimes on wetlands. Roads with alder. Clean plantings forms very rarely. It is found in the glitstic and mixed forests in the form of impurities. Growing in glades, forest-shop.

Grow rapidly. Lightweight. Prefers fertile, weakness soils. Frostons, withstand temperatures up to -40 ° C. However, in severe frosts, young shoots can be moderated, so they should be covered by winter. Poor tolerate soil dryness. Easily adapts to urban conditions.

Reproduction

IN natural conditions The plant is multiplied with a stingy piglet and grooves, well renewed by seeds. In artificial plantings, the ash breeds seeds subjected to preliminary stratification. Decorative forms are breved.

Application ash

Thanks to the rapid growth and unpretentiousness, the ash is considered valuable tree For gardening cities, parking, alleys, decking roads. Well looks in complex compositions.

It has several decorative forms used in landscape design. The most interesting of them are monumental, with a pyramidal crown; Low - with a slow-down growth rate and compact rounded crown; Weeping, reaching up to 8 m in height, with a dome-shaped crown and long branches hanging to the ground.

The wood of this tree is light, with a dark core, a beautiful texture. It has high strength, viscosity, cracking resistance, flexibility, beautiful texture. Reminds oak wood, has the same density and strength.

Previously, combat batons, stakes, horns, bows, spears and arrows were made from the ash, which is why this tree was considered a symbol of war in the ancient century. Its products were obtained strong, moderately heavy and durable.

For peaceful purposes, the ash was on the manufacture of a sled, rumor, wheels, small crafts, souvenirs. The dishes from this tree used in great demand. She was not covered with varnish, did not paint and did not apply patterns. The only decoration was bright, shiny wood texture. Clabots from Ash, for a long time, used in shipbuilding.

IN modern world The scope of application ash has expanded significantly. From it they make parquet, facing material, parts of airplanes, gymnastic bars, sports equipment objects: skis, oars, tennis rackets, turning and other products. Wood is used in shipbuilding, aircraft, car buildings. It makes stair railings and handles from tools, manufactures furniture and faeer.

The fruit of ash contains fatty oils, eaten. In the Caucasus, immature fruits are prepared with vinegar and salt. After collecting them, they are thoroughly crushed, and then cans. Served to the table as seasonings for meat or fish.

From seed ash, a dark green oil is obtained, which goes to the production of paint, artificial rubber and soap.

The bark is rich in tannies, it receives blue, black, brown paint from it.

Therapeutic properties of ash allow you to use it in medicine.

Therapeutic properties of ash

The ash has antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, knitting, wound healing, diuretic properties. It has an anesthetic, laxative effect on the human body. It is used in the form of decoctions, infusions, powders and therapeutic tea. From the beam leaves make compresses for the treatment of radiculitis, rheumatism and osteochondrosis. The decoction of fresh, crushed leaves process wounds, hematomas, strong bruises. Such compresses quickly relieve pain, eliminate edema and accelerate healing. With pyelonephritis, cystitis, urolithiasis, uterine bleeding and hemorrhoids make infusion from chopped roots of wood.

Preparations from ash helps to get rid of worms, cure cough. Thanks to the rich chemical composition This plant is used to treat many diseases. Active substances: essential oils, coumarins, tannins, bitterness, resin, gum, flavonoids.

From the brave roar of the roots of ash is treated chronic respiratory diseases. In case of kidney diseases, radiculitis, dysentery and worms use decoction of leaves. Infusion helps to calm the nervous system, relax, positively affects sleep. The decoction of the tree bark effectively treats colds.

Tea from the leaf of ash has a diuretic effect, helps to derive excess liquid from the body. Seed powder is used as a coogeon and diuretic. The infusion from the kidneys is used for gout, diseases of the bladder and female diseases. The mixture from different parts of the plant is used in arthritis.

Despite numerous beneficial features, the tree ash is the common poisonous plantTherefore, it should be used with caution and only under the supervision of the doctor. Contraindicated with hypertension. With overdose there is vomiting, diarrhea, pain in the stomach, poisoning.

IN therapeutic purposes Collect young leaves, bark, fruits, seeds, tree roots.

Cour and leaves harvest in early spring Or at the beginning of summer. Dried in the shade at a temperature not exceeding -40 ° C. The roots are harvested in the spring. Fruits - autumn.

Landing and care

For planting seedlings, only strong plants are suitable. It is impossible to plant weak or damaged seedlings, because there is little likelihood that they will come. Before boarding, choose the most suitable place. Ash light-see, so it is better to choose a plot, well lit sunlight or half-directed. The tree can grow on any basis, but it develops better on fertile, rich fertilizers, moistened, weakly acidic soil. When landing, it should be noted that its powerful roots grow strongly and form root offspring, they immediately need to be cut at the very base.

Spring is the best time for landing. The distance between the seedlings should be at least 5 m. When the plant is placed in the pit, the root is placed 20 cm above the soil level, because after planting the soil is compacted and settles. Then the plant is abundantly watered with water. Regular watering is carried out in the next 4-6 days.

Wood eaten. With its appearance, all trees are affected. The caterpillars penetrate the kidneys and cutters of leaves, after a few days they go to shoots.

The fruit of ash is amazed by a weevil - seed. The larva lives inside the seed. Dark minor points appear on the contaminated seed. In May, the beetles begin to eat fruit.

Chemical preparations are used to combat all insect pests.

With incorrect storage on the fruits, mold is formed caused by some kinds of fungi. To prevent the fruits are kept in a dry room, with an optimal moisture for them no more than 12%.

In winter, seeds often serve as fetching and squirrels. Fruits eating rodents.

In the people, this tree is called "HOLDUB", "AHMENNIK", "YARENIN". Roads with Elm, Maple, but more often with oak. Watching the oak and ash in spring, the people noticed: "If the oak disappears its leaves before - summer will be arid."

The ancient Greeks existed belief that the juice of the leaves of this plant heals the wounds from the bites of poisonous snakes. The juice of the branches were injected into the eyes to improve vision and giving them glitter. The fruit decoction was used to strengthen sexual attraction. In Russia, the bark of the tree was used as an antimalarial and anti-cylinder.

Many nations worshiped ash. He was called the "Team of Knowledge," considered the symbol of wisdom and life. In the Ukrainian folk folklore, he personifies suffering. In the mythology of the ancient Scandinavians, the forces of nature were presented in the form of a huge ash that supports the heavenly arch. In magic, he personifies good and evil. It has strong energy. Best time To communicate with the tree - the first half of the day.

In the 19th century it was customary to use the word "ash" in the female genus.