Wildlife is not only beauty, but also numerous dangers that are waiting for inexperienced people. Since childhood, we accustomed to idealize animals, including bears, getting used to cartoon characters. However, in real life, they are far from harmless and not so cute as we are accustomed to see them on screens in popular science films. The article will be discussed about a cannibal bear - a dangerous animal, meetings with which is trying to avoid any experienced hunter. But, unfortunately, it does not always work.
Dangerous animals
Bears in the wild - this is not at all those cute fluffy, which we imagine them. And the experienced hunters know about it. Bears are rightfully considered very large and incredibly terrible predators on the planet. With its dimensions, they are much superior to Tigers and Lviv. It was their incredible power that caused animal reverence in many cultures. Recall that the flags and coat of arms can often be seen a bear figure. People have long been afraid and respected the animal. Not everyone manages to avoid death when meeting with such a predator.
Living away from wildlife, it is difficult to imagine the danger that comes from a man's bear. Until now, people living in forest villages or mountains suffer around the world from powerful predators, because the hungry animal can penetrate in search of mining even in human housing.
What bears are dangerous?
Bear - welcome prey for any hunter. However, very often people themselves become its prey. In the forest, encounter a predator may have a harmless collector of mushrooms and berries. Such meetings are dangerous, because if the Bear-cannibal stood on the way, to get away from his strong paws with a naked person simply impossible.
A serious danger represent a bear with young. During the motherhood, they are incredibly vigilant, so they are able to attack even those people who have no bad intentions.
The wounded animals are also dangerous - they themselves attack their hunters wounded.
The most dangerous cannibal is the Bear Shatun. Such an animal is a murderous car that sweeps everything in its path for the sake of prey.
What are food
The meal of the bear is directly connected with the area of \u200b\u200bits habitat. Predators live in forests, sometimes in the tundra, as well as high-mountainous areas. As a rule, each individual holds one by one. The males occupy a territory from 70 to 400 square kilometers. Beasts marked the boundaries of their territory with fragile markings on the tree crust. Interesting the fact that bears eat very diverse food. In their diet, includes: acorns, berries, roots, nuts, herbs, tubers, insects, lizards, worms, rodents, frogs.
Males of large size can attack young unfortunate animals. Brown bears, for example, love honey and fish, which is caught during spawning. But in search of food, the bear attacks at domestic cattle.
Sizes of the animal
Bears are large animals. On average, the weight of one animal varies within 80-120 kilograms. It is clear that such a huge being needed to eat well to keep your strength. In the summer, the animal accumulates subcutaneous fat, the mass of which can reach up to 180 kilograms. Under favorable conditions, gaining the right weight, the bear falls in the hibernation. He needs fat reserves in order to be safely overwhelming in Berloga. However, in the hungry years, the animal may not have time to accumulate the subcutaneous fat. There are problems here. Such a bear can not fall into a hibernation or flows, but soon wakes up and begins to wander in search of mining. The people of such animals are called rods.
Dangerous predators
What is dangerous Bear Shatun? Such individuals become incredibly dangerous, because in search of food they do not stop before. They can ruin the poultry houses, rebuilding domestic animals. And this is not the worst harm from them. If the bear woke up in winter, he must eat, and then he does not have to choose. He does not circulate any food. At such a time, the animal becomes very aggressive. Such a bear-cannibal may well attack a person. And to defend himself to unarmed people difficult.
What is the danger to a person?
At all times, a meeting with Kosolapov in the forest threatens with danger. A person is unlikely to run away from the predator, since the animal develops speed up to 55 kilometers per hour. In addition, the bears swim well and even in young age they face the trees. As we see, the chances of salvation at a meeting with an aggressive predator a little.
If we talk about the brown bears, then they are serious predators. No wonder they received the nickname of the owners of the forest. An animal knocks on one mighty paw with one mighty paw and even breaks the bones. When meeting with the bear in the forest it is impossible to scare him and threaten it with sticks. But the wounded animal itself manifests aggression, it is simply impossible to escape from it.
Often, the hunters themselves crave themselves to get such a predator as mining. But it's not so easy to cope with a promnial creature. History knows a lot of cases when even the most experienced hunters died in animal claws. The wounded bear for the fraction of seconds overtakes the offender and breaks it into pieces. Strong paws with huge claws allow predators to easily cope with man. A bear attack for man very rarely has a prosperous outcome.
How to transfer meetings with a predator
Experienced hunters and specialists give a number of recommendations of the relative on how to behave correctly when meeting with the predator. However, it is worth understanding that there are no universal councils, especially when it comes to a representative of wildlife, whose behavior is difficult to predict. As we mentioned earlier, females with bearings and connecting rods are most dangerous, it is they who are able to attack a person.
The experienced hunters recommend never to go to the forest alone, it is better to make this company. It should be crossed with each other, sing songs and noise so that the predator heard you and did not decide to approach. But this recommendation does not work with respect to Big Bead-Grooms.
In no case, it is impossible near villages, villages, camps, tent cursories and other people's habitats to create dumps of food waste, as this contributes to the involvement of bears to the housing of the person. And it is worth understanding that the situation does not save even the burial of food garbage on a decent depth. Firstly, the smell of bears is developed very strongly, and secondly, it is not possible to break the land with powerful claws for them. In those regions where predators live, waste is recommended to be brought away from the housing of people and burn. Yes, and attend alone such places are not worth it.
If you go to the forest, then you should take a good dog with you. The presence of your PSA to some extent can secure you. Just do not take with you decorative rocks that the bear considers as mining. But husky and shepherd in this case are the best companions.
Under wildlife conditions, you can never approach the fall or other animal remains, the places of accumulation of dead fish and other natural privades of bears. The Bear worried about her prey, incredibly aggressive and can attack.
Residents of the tundra and taiga talk about what can never be enjoyed by bearish paths. They differ from others in that consist of a circuit of parallel pits, which are located at a distance of 20 centimeters from each other. In addition, you never need to move at night or at dawn along the rivers or spawn fish. In such places can be stumbled upon a bear.
Behavioral features of predators
The defensive behavior of the animal is usually associated with violation of the borders of its territory. A typical example is a female with kids.
However, bears can approach you and out of interest. Simple curiosity entails animals to explore the unknown. Sometimes it can only attract your food.
If the bears dwell next to the housing of people, they are not afraid to approach closer, but they should not be seduced, they will not become manual animals. Any rapprochement with a wild beast is dangerous. The fact is that the predator may be interested in man as a potential meal. Stories about meadow-cannibals are full of examples of how animals are first studying with curiosity chosen sacrifice, checking whether it will be able to repulse, and then attack.
Behavior in attack
Of course, the cases of attacking bears are not so frequent, but they still happen. As a rule, simple people are faced with predators in the forest, absolutely not ready to meet and completely unarmed. In such cases, it is impossible to shout on the animal and waving his hands, threatening him. But it is not worth pretending to be dead, because you do not know about what kind of bear approached you. If he considers you as a victim, then you should keep confidently. It is not necessary to run, because the predator speed is much higher, you will not have time to overcome and a few meters, as he hens you. Sometimes passive behavior is triggered, and the bear leaves. But it only applies to random meetings.
As for the Bear Shatunov, they are obsessed with the desire to eat, therefore they themselves are looking for prey. And sometimes they even persistently visit the village in Taiga and Tundra in search of food. The terrible stories about the beasts-cannibals, transmitted from the mouth to the mouth, perhaps and embellished by local residents, but that predators are dangerous, there is no doubt.
Grizzly
Grizzly is included in the list of the most dangerous predators of our planet. In fact, this kind of brown individuals familiar to us. The peculiarity of the grizzly is that they have incredibly large sizes. Externally, such bears are very similar to our bears. But at the same time they weigh up to 500 kilograms, and in length reach three meters. In addition, predators have a very aggressive and fierce character. Approach to them is equivalent to death. Bears Grizzly-cannibals are quite frequent phenomenon in the history of mankind. Despite the huge sizes and high weight, they are very prompt in youth. Predators love fish very much. They are not afraid of cold flows of rivers and streams, they will easily overcome them.
Grizzly dwells in North America and in Kamchatka. They are listed in the Red Book and are currently living mainly in reserves. But still terrible stories with their participation occur still. The fact is that, according to zoologists, these animals are vegetarians. True, sometimes it consumes small game, and even larger animals. People are not at all entering the diet of their nutrition, nevertheless, some individuals can easily attack a person, confusing it with some other beast. Grizzly, not particularly thinking, will go to the attack if he decides that he is threatened with danger. The wounded animals are attacked, but then their aggression can be justified by the desire to defend themselves. Summeys and males are aggressively behave when their young threatens danger. In 1987, in the reserve of Canada Grizzly magazine 2 women who met a bearish in the forest and decided to play with him.
The biggest grizzly
In 2007, Alaska was recorded the largest grizzly in history. His weight was 726 kilograms, and the growth is 4.3 meters. Such a giant, among other things, was maliciously. He was killed by one of the hunters, who was lucky to survive after meeting with such a giant. Currently, the hunt for bears-cannibals is not regular, but rather a forced measure as protection.
Lifestyle Grizzly
Grizzly are very similar on behavior and lifestyle on our brown bears. They live in the forests of Canada, Colombia, Yukon. Currently there are not so many of them. Stepodo grows. In the last century, there was a massive extermination of the grizzly, since there were too frequent cases of their attack on people even in homes. In addition, predators destroyed livestock and bird. All this led to their mass shot. There was a time when a major remuneration was asked for the head of each killed Grizzly. Therefore, the hunters for bears became more and more, and the bears themselves are less and less.
On the one hand, in the ration of Grizzly, the meat is not included, but on the other - their attacks on people were phenomenon. According to experts, this type of bears has poorly developed vision and senses. It is for this reason that they mistakenly attack people, beyond them with another prey. However, this statement is very controversial. But people unambiguously cost these predators. Especially dangerous, as already mentioned, wounded animals, which in despair rushing to defend themselves and behave very aggressively, without understanding who he wounded if there are several hunters. The grizzly reaction is just lightning. No wonder they are considered one of the most ferocious animals in the world.
Instead of pre-school
Surely every reader was in the zoo. Bears in such establishments are contained in appropriate conditions, in compliance with all precautions. And absolutely no wonder everywhere hangs signs warning about danger. Predators are not a toy. It should be remembered that the prototypes of cute cartoon characters in real life are very dangerous, as well as any wild creature. Therefore, watching them better from afar, observing all safety rules.
(Ursus Arctos): A brown bear on the territory of Russia is still quite often found in the forests of Siberia and the Far East, in Kamchatka. In the summer often goes to the tundra and highlands. On Chukotka is often found in the tundra.
In Russia, ordinary places of its habitat - forest arrays with Bursel and Gary with a thick piglery of deciduous trees, shrubs and herbs, is also often found next to meadows and oats fields.
Appearance:Brown bears are difficult to confuse with other animals - all of them are large, shaggy, clumsy addition, with a big head, small ears and a short tail. Eyes at night glow dark red light. The body length is up to 2 m, in the Far Eastern bears - up to 2.8 m. Between the forehead and the bridge to the profile, a well-visible intake. The standing beast withers noticeably above the croup. The painting of brown, less often black or reddish, caucasian animals are usually brighter. On the shoulders there are a light strip, especially often in young and South Kuril bears. Occasionally there is also a bright spot on the chest. The ears are small, rounded.
Footprints are very wide and deep, five plated, distinguished by long claws and closets (such a paw setting is more convenient for lasagna in trees). The length of fingerprints on the traces of the front paw 2-3 times less than the length of the palm imprint.
Average dimensions:body Length: up to 200 cm, Height in the withers: up to 100 cm, Weight: up to 600 kg, claws length up to 10 cm.
Behavior and lifestyle:Brown bears are active in twilight and at night, but sometimes also go and day.
Brown bears mostly lead a settling lifestyle, moving along the usual trails. Bears are paving them at the most convenient places, choosing the shortest distance between the objects significant for themselves. Despite the settling lifestyle, the bears make seasonal nomads in places where there are food at the moment. In the lack of years in search of food, the bear can pass 200-300 km. For example, on the coast of the Pacific Ocean during the mass movement of the Red Fish, the bears from afar come to the mouths of the rivers.
In winter, the bears fall into the hibernation in the berry. In different habitats, bears sleep in winter from 2.5 to 6 months.
From the inside of Berloga, it is very careful - the beast sweeps the bottom of moss, branches with a cheese, bunches of dry grass. Berlogs are located on small islands among moss marshes, among the burver or dense meal. Bears arrange them under the pallets and decks, under the roots of large cedars and fir trees. In mountainous locations, bears are arranged in earthen burgogs, which are located in the crevices of rocks, shallow caves, deepening under the stones.
Sleep bears one, along with young only female, who have a bear appeared this year.
The bears sleep very sensitively, if the beast is disturbed, it is easily awakened, leaves the berry and wanders the circles for a long time before he again. Often the bears themselves leave the berrs with long thaws, return to it at the slightest cold.
In the summer, the male bears swept the territory of the territory, getting on the hind paws and sniffing the claws of the bark from the trees. Where there are no trees, bears fight any suitable objects, such as clay slopes.
Food:Brown bear is an omnivorous animal, it eats vegetable, and animal feed, but most of his diet is, oddly enough, vegetable food.
The most harder to feed the bear early in the spring when plant food is not enough. At this time of year, he sometimes hunts even on large hoofs, eats Padal, rolls anthills, extracting larvae and ants themselves.
With the beginning of the appearance of greenery and to the massive ripening of various berries, the bear is most of the time in the forest glades and meadows, joking an umbrella (Borshevik, Dudnik), Osay, Beremsh. When the berries begin to sleep, the bears begin to eat them: first blueberries, raspberries, blueberries, honeysuckle, later - lingonberry, cranberry.
The autumn period is the most important for the preparation for winter. At this time, the bears eat acorns, haggles of the slash, in the taiga - cedar nut, in the mountain southern forests - wild apples, pears, cherry, mulberry. Climbing the fruit-eyed trees, the bear climbs the branches, eating the fruit in place, or resets them down, and sometimes just shakes the crown.
Early autumn, the bear loves to enjoy sleeping oats. Less clever animals graze under the trees, picking up the fallen fruits. Brown bear
Fuckly digging in the ground, mining juicy rhizomes and soil invertebrates, turns over the stones, removing and drinking worms, beetles and other animals from under them. Bears living near the rivers of the Pacific coast During the move of red fish, dozens gather at the flocks and deftly catch fish.
Reproduction:The reproduction period of brown bears - May-June. At this time, the males rapidly find out the relationship. The formed pair keeps together for about a month, and if a new applicant appears, it will distinguish not only the male, but also a female. In January, the Berloda is brought from 1 to 4 cubs, which weigh only 500 g. The bear's eyes open in a month. After 2-3 months, the kids go out. By the time of the exit from the Berls, they weigh from 3 to 7 kg. Mother feeds young to six months. But already at 3 months of age, young animals begin to eat vegetable feed, imitating bear. The entire first year of the life of the bear remains with the mother, spending another winter with her in Beror. In 3-4 years of age, young bears become half-arms, but complete heyday reach only at the age of 8-10 years.
Life expectancy:In nature, about 30 years, in captivity they live to 45-50 years.
Habitat area:Each individual area occupied by one beast can be very extensive, and cover the area to several hundred square meters. km. The boundaries of the plots are meaningful, and in a strong rough terrain there are practically absent. Plots of males and females overlap. Within the site there are places where the beast is usually fed, where there is temporary asylum or lies in Berloga.
Economic meaning:The bear serves as an object of sports hunting. Fat and bile are used for medical purposes. The value of bearish bile provokes poaching bears. The body of the bear, as well as other animals flowing into the winter hibernation, contains a large amount of vitamins and has healing properties.
In the mythology of most nations, Eurasia and North America, the Bear serves as if the link between the world of people and the world of animals. Primitive hunters were considered mandatory, mining a bear, commit the rite of Kamlany, asking for forgiveness of the murdered spirit. Kamlany and Donyn make indigenous inhabitants of the deaf districts of the North and the Far East. In some places, the murder of a bear with firearms and is still considered to be sin. The ancient ancestors of European peoples were so afraid of the bear, which is to pronounce the Arctos name aloud (among Ariyev in the V-I millenniums BC, later in the Latin peoples) and the Sword (in the Slavs in the V-IX centuries AD) was prohibited. Instead, nicknames were used: Ursus at the Romans, Veda or Bear in the ancient Germans, Vediad or Bear. With the centuries, these nicknames turned into titles, which in turn were also prohibited from hunters and replaced by nicknames (among the Russians - Mikhailo Ivanych, Toptygin, Host). In the early Christian tradition, the bear was considered the Beast Satan.
The meat of bears is almost always infected with worms, especially in old and weakened beasts. Therefore, to use it in food with great care. A special danger is trichinosis., Which is infected to a third of the brown bears. Trikhins do not die when smoking, freezing or singing; It is safe to disinfect meat can only be heat treatment, for example, half-hour boiling.
Bear fat is used in folk medicine, nutrition and in the beauty industry. The bear of the bear acquires beneficial properties depending on the time of year. The most nutritious and sunk autumn.
Before the winter hibernation, the bear is in the skin the maximum amount of vitamins and nutrients. The meal of the bear is complex, so protein structures, carbohydrates and natural sugar are combined in subcutaneous fat.
Fresh product has a thick consistency of white or yellow-white color without a characteristic smell. The melting point corresponds to room (24 - 30 seconds), so fat is easily absorbed by the human body.
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The main value of bearish fat - polyunsaturated fatty acids and omega-6, whose percentage coincides. A feature of bearish fat is the low cholesterol content in it, the amount of which varies from 30 to 50 mg / 100 grams.
A significant part of the composition is formed by mononicular fatty acids (more than 50%), while the proportion of oleic acid is about 46%. The following are dominated from the vitamins in the product: vitamin A, E and (B1, B2, B3, B12).
Bear Fat is a source of useful substances:
- Choline;
- Triterpen aminoglycosides;
- Proteins;
- Thymusamines;
- Hepatimines;
- Cerabramns;
- Panakosides;
- Iron;
- Calcium;
- Copper.
Benefit
Bear Fat is known for immunostimulating and well-fastened effect on the body. Eating helps in the blood, from poisonous substances and heavy metals salts. Thus, the activity of reproductive, endocrine and nervous systems of a person is restored.
Bear fat is useful for women. It consists of panakosides, activating the synthesis of nitrogen oxide, as a result of which the hormonal balance is normalized. These elements help the body adapt to the change of environment, avoid continuous stress and recover after severe workout or mental load.
Citamins affect metabolic processes in organs of organs. Cells encourage intensive work and conducive to the absorption of nutrients and vitamins by the system by the system required for normal performance of their functions.
Doctors prescribe bear fat children for the prevention of dystrophy and exhaustion. An adult means will help to gain a normal body weight after severe weight loss.
The benefits of the means is assessed by an increase in human well-being and working activity, a decrease in the risk of heart and respiratory diseases. Bear fat will come in handy in the fight against dermatological problems and simply to improve the condition of the skin.
Harm
The use of bearish fat for therapeutic purposes did not bring any harm to anyone. Like other means, bear fat has contraindications to use. Failure to comply with the recommendations of the instruction leads to negative consequences:
- The presence of gall-eyed diseases or inflammation of biliary tract;
- Individual intolerance of the product;
- Doctors prohibit women during pregnancy and feeding to apply this tool;
- Children, under 3 years old, contraindicated use of bearish fat;
- It is impossible to combine the reception of funds with antibiotics, hormonal and psychotropic drugs.
To avoid side effects, consult a doctor according to the possibility of applying and dose of medication.
Methods of application
The most powerful effect has a means of combining internal and outdoor use, but at the same time consider individual indicators of a person and the purpose of the use of the drug.
Fat is used in liquid form, so it is melted before the procedure.
The duration of therapeutic and preventive course of the means is one month. To secure the result, the course repeat 2 - 3 times a year. The rate of consumption of bearish fat for an adult person corresponds to 1 tsp twice a day.
Dosage for children is calculated according to the age category:
- Children from 3 to 6 years old take a means of 1/3 h. Spoon 2 times day;
- Children from 6 to 12 years old - 1/2 teaspoon of bearish fat twice a day;
- Older children use 1 teaspoon product a day.
The tool is healing the body and strengthens the immune system. Outdoor use is recommended to reduce pain in muscles and joints. The grinding of the muscles is useful after the grueling classes in the gym to avoid familiar sports attacks.
Neuropathologists advise to use bearish fat in depressive states, stress, insomnia and chronic fatigue, which negatively affect appearance.
For beauty skin and hair
Bear Fat is an indispensable cosmetology, makes the complexion of a velvety, and the hair is well-groomed. Regular application of the mask smoothes wrinkles on the face, soften, moisturizes the skin.
- The mask is preparing for the recipe: 30 g of bearish fat are mixed with the same amount of shea oil. The mixture is heated in the water bath, constantly stirring. If you have, add jojoba oil and essential oil to consistency. Wait until complete cooling and use for the need.
Proponents of traditional medicine advise the recipe for making a softening arms for hands with bearish fat.
- Stir 1 tsp of lecithin with 1 tbsp. Spoon vodka and leave to the night. To this mixture, add 100 grams of melted fat, 4 tbsp. Spoons of almond oil and 10 grams of beeswax. The resulting consistency is heated in a water bath, cool and the cream is ready.
Holders of strong and long curls use bearish fat like the main ingredient of strengthening masks and hair balms.
- The prescription is as follows: 1 tbsp. A spoon of the product is combined in an equal proportion with honey and several drops of orange essential oil. The mixture is rubbed into the roots of the hair. Mask exposure time is 1 hour 30 minutes, after which it is washed off by cool water.
Your feedback on the article:One jar of the product is enough for a long time. With proper storage, bearish fat retains useful properties up to 2 years.
The economic value of the polar bear and the hunt for it.
The skin of the polar bear has long been used by the population of the Far North for the manufacture of clothes, shoes, mittens, like a litter and cavity for a sled. Russian pomaros highly appreciated shoes with soles from bearish skins, not moving on ice (especially in the frying fry). Nenets PA NEW Earth in severe frosts on top of ordinary shoes put on a kind of galoshes - the so-called Tobii, stitched from the bear skins. Greenland Eskimos still sew from these skins winter pants for men and children, pieces of bear skins are tied up to the shoes, going to the hunt, so as not to creak on the snow.
As the skins of polar bears became the subject of trade, with the increase in prices for them, the local population has ever less common for their needs. In Russia, the skins of polar bears became the object of regular trading, apparently, already in the XIV-XV centuries. However, the price of them was low (in order to sell the skins more expensive, they were often even tinted). In the middle of the last century, bearish skins were valued cheaper than sands and even deer (in 1858 they were sold at 2 rubles. 50 kopecks. For a piece, but already in 1878, the price rose to 6 rubles. 50 cop., And in 1883 - up to 30 rubles).
In the first half of our century, the skins were used as a carpet. From the murdered bear, it was filmed with a layer (with a cut at the bottom, body). According to the existing in the USSR until 1955, the standard, i.e. Before prohibiting the hunting for this species, the skin should be with his head, with claws on the paws, well degreased and dried (sometimes for preservation of bearish skins Soli).
Polar bear. Photo: Grzegorz Polak
The meat of the polar bear, especially young animals, is quite edible and has long been used by the local population in food (although it is associated with risk to get trichinelles). In the areas of the riding dog breeding, the meat of the polar bear was used as food for dogs. The bear of the bear was used by the indigenous inhabitants of the Arctic in food and until recently applied chukchi and eskios for heating and illumination of housing; It was used along with whale and seals as technical raw materials. Some internal organs of the polar bear are edible, but the liver of poisonous due to the very high content of vitamin A. The use of bearish liver in small quantities (about 200 g) causes human poisoning - hypervitaminosis. It manifests itself in headache, nausea, vomiting, pain in the stomach and intestinal disorder, the fall of the pulse frequency, convulsions, sometimes ends with death. For this reason, Nenets, Chukchi and Eskimos throw the liver of the killed bear in the sea or buried to the ground so that she does not get dogs. The tendon of the bear was used by local residents as threads when sewing clothes. In some of the northern peoples, especially at the Nenets, highly valued as decoration and talisman fangs of a polar bear. Hunters in some places still worn them suspended to the belt. Pogs of a polar bear in the bottoms of Yenisei and Khatanga in the past served as a subject of exchange and bargaining. The hunters sold them to the population of forest areas as an amulet against the attacks of a brown bear. It was believed that the "nephews" (brown bear) would not dare to touch a person, to the cap of which the tooth of his powerful "uncle" was tied.
The dried and mounted bile (and sometimes heart) powder (and sometimes the heart) of the polar bear in Siberia was used in the treatment of human and pet diseases.
Of course, it is impossible not to remember the specific role of the White Bear in the Arctic as a food reserve. Many victims of the disaster of researchers and hunters, crews of ships and aircraft escaped the hungry death or death from Qingi, producing a white bear, fortunately appeared among the icy desert.
To hunt it, onions and spear were used in the distant past. According to eyewitnesses, a good hunter managed to hit the bear with one arrow, piercing it through. In Eastern Siberia, the bow was alarmed on the transitions of bears or at the privada as a self-timer. Safety, but already with a wary rifle (Selvvskudd) were used by hunters until recently on Svalbard. Greenland Eskimos for the extraction of animals arranged Western. Massive log traps were also built in the north of Siberia.
In the distant past, in the north-east of Siberia, it may also produce polar bears in the north of North America with the help of a whale plate of the whale whale in the north of both ends, curved and held in such a position. Before use, this projectile was deceived by seals with fat. At the bear, who eating it, the record in the stomach straightened, and the animal died. Somewhere for the extraction of polar bears used traps and poisoned bait. Recently, Canadian researchers have successfully catching polar bears for labeling with steel cable at the privada.
With the spread of firearms, a rifle or a large-caliber rifle with a bullet charge became the main means of mining of white bears with a bullet charge. In the overwhelming majority of cases, animals were killed at random meetings. The indigenous population of the Far North often used dogs. If a white bear was hunting, the hunter went to ice on a dog harness. Noticing the beast, he fell off the most evil and experienced "bearish holders", who overtake the bear, were shoved by his movements, forced to stop and proceed to defense. Distractable by dogs, the bear usually let the arrow at a very close distance. On the Yamal, during the hunting on the white bear, the reindeers were used: the beast was pursued on two sledding, trying to prevent up to open water. Sometimes in places of frequent appearances of polar bears, special logs or stone pleasures were built. To attract the beasts in them, Zhughs of seals or bear fat, left fat near the auscision as a privada. Often, the hunters were picked up by white bears in the spring in the seals of the wells or shot a bear, who left the spring of their snowdown asylum.
For a long time, the ship's fishery has been practiced, which had a well-developed tactics. Hunting was carried out from ships or boats and at random meetings. In 1950-1960 Norway organized special flights of small ships in Barents Sea with tourists-hunters. In recent years, motorities have become used in the extraction of animals in the north of America.
At Alaska, until recently, the hunt for a polar bear was widespread using an aircraft. A tourist-hunter accompanied by a guide flew into ice on a rented light airplane (two aircraft fluttered simultaneously). Noticing the bear, the pilot took the landing nearby, giving the arrow the opportunity to sneak into the beast, or took off and drove the beast to the hunter.
Most peoples of the Far North have a polar bear who has been particularly revered by the beast. It is not excluded even that the virtuoso ability to hunt the seal, the art of building snow huts - the needle - Eskimos borrowed a white bear. Successful mining raised the authority of the hunter, a certain ritual was also associated with it. At Eskimos Alaska, this event is also celebrated by the festival with the execution of the "White Bear Dance". Wife and Mother of the Greenland Eskimos of those who killed a bear, proudly wear shoes, confused by bearish "mane" (part of the skins, removed from the back of the front paws).
In the north-east of Siberia Eskimo, who killed a bear, "dismissed the Spirit" of the beast: when cutting a carcass, the heart retrieved and, cutting it into pieces, threw it over his shoulder. In honor of the hunt, a holiday was satisfied. The skin with the head of the bear was brought into the dwelling and spread on the floor. Before the head of the beast, the mouth of his mouth, put the "treat". The owner offered a killed bears a bombarded tube, sometimes entertained by Ionius and the game on the tambourine. Only after that, the skull was separated from the skins, carried out beyond the limits of the cable and left on the ground, the muzzle to the north.
Chukchi's heads of polar bears were among the particularly valued fetish: they were keen, usually along with the skin, in almost every Yange.
Yakuts in order to avoid possible revenge of the bear considered it necessary immediately after its prey to separate their heads and legs from the body. Also the spine, the insides were cut, cut their eyes, the ears were plugged, and the mouth was tied with thread. Sometimes a carcass was buried to the ground; All this was done in deep silence. The Nenets drove the skull of killed polar bears into certain sacred places and folded the altars from them - "Sedyanka". (Such altars consisting of the skulls of these animals remained in some places in the north of the Yamal.) There were also special rules for the use of bearish meat in food (women, for example, did not eat).
The polar bear is a common character of fairy tales, tales and songs of the peoples of the Far North. In the testes of Chukchi, for example, the Kochatko appears - a polar bear with a bone torso and six paws.
As a source of producing a large amount of meat, fat, the white bear skins could not not attract the attention of primitive hunters. However, due to the small number of the population of the Far North, the extraction of this animal for the most part of the range, obviously, was minor for a long time and hardly affected his numbers. However, the relative abundance of bone residues of the polar bear on the territory of Denmark and Sweden scientists tend to linges with a developed hunting on these animals.
Population growth in the regions of the Far North, which began in the XVI-XVII centuries, the appearance of firearms, the development of trade and hunting crafts in the northern seas led to a noticeable increase in a white bear. Hunting continued to increase and reached a wide scope in the XX century, although during this period the polar bear had only secondary commercial importance in the Arctic. (In the USSR in the 1930s. The proportion of the white bear in the fur blanks was not more than 0.1%). Due to the small role of this species in the fishery and low allocation of its skins (they did not appear in trade and field statistics), data on the magnitude of animal production, relating to the last time, very fragmented and contradictory. The most massive and long-time fishing of this species existed in the Barents Sea. In the Spyzberegin district, he was launched by Russian Poms in the XIV-XV centuries, but especially developed from the XVII - XVIII centuries, when the annual mining of animals was at least 200 individuals. It is known, for example, that only one Pomeranian Artel mined in the winter of 1784/85 in Magdalena Bay on Svalbard 150 bears. The same amount of fishery reached in the past century. At the beginning of the XX century. On Svalbard (Norwegian hunters produced about 300 bears annually).
On the new earth, hunting on polar bears has an equally long history. On Franz Joseph, the White Bear fishery began only at the end of the last century.
Mass and even more old fishery of polar bears in Eurasia was carried out predominantly chukchi and eskimos on the Chukotka Peninsula.
In general, the average annual production of white bears in the north of Eurasia from the beginning of the XVIII century. (400-500 individuals) gradually increased and achieved the highest indicators (1.3-1.5 thousand) during the period of intensive economic development of the Arctic. However, in connection with the fall in the total number of type, in the next decade, the production of polar bears decreased to 900-1000 and in the mid-50s to 700-800 per year. According to the most modest calculations, from the beginning of the XVIII century. More than 150 thousand polar bears were produced here. The average annual mining of polar bears changed the same as in Eurasia (in any case since the beginning of the current century), within the entire Arctic. In Eurasia over the past 250 years, 60-65% of the animals were mined in the Barents Sea, especially in its western parts, including on Spyzberena Islands. The Chukotka Sea accounts for 20-25% of production and only 10-20% in Kara, East Siberian and Bering Sea. Catching live bears for zoos, zoofers, circus is practiced for a long time. To catch the cubs, kill the accompanying Medvyza (cubs even at the age of six and seven months do not leave the killed mother and the capture does not make them difficult). It is less likely to catch animals at the age of over the year on water or loops from the steel cable at the privada. In the Soviet Arctic in recent years, the bearings are taken from Medveditz immobilized in the Berlds.
As already mentioned, any significant hazard for a person (especially if the necessary precautions are taken)) the polar bear does not represent. Some harm he inflicts that spoils equipment, non-residential buildings (warehouses, barns), navigation signs. In all likelihood, this is the obverse of individuals unfamiliar with people. One day, caught behind this activity and the frightened beast will already be bypassing the side of the items having the human smell.
Hanging traps on the sands and the beasts caught in them, the bears in some places harmfully. Complaints on a white bear can be heard from Yakutia hunters, Canada, Alaska. However, it should be borne in mind that the songs attract the remnants of bearish prey, and therefore bears indirectly contribute to the success of pessing. (In Canada, there is a direct relationship between the number of bears and the volume of fox production).
In addition, harm from the polar bear manifests itself mainly where fur fishery is casually and grazing or other traps are rarely inspected.
Eating mostly nerves (less often - other seals), the polar bear to some extent comes with a person in competitive relations to the economic assessment of this role of the White Bear is still impossible.
It should only be noted that Nerpe is the most common type of arctic lastonovy. She has a secondary commercial importance (there is no prospects for a large development of this fishery) and is mined at relatively limited areas, mainly in coastal marine waters. Modern nerve stocks are obviously so great that the polar bear does not have a noticeable effect on the number of species.
Tourism, as cost-effective and. The economically important branch of the economy, every year applies to increasingly distant from industrial centers of the region. There is no doubt that in the near future the turn will reach the Arctic.
The tourist capabilities of the Arctic are still unexplored. Improving vehicles will make it accessible to many lovers of nature and travel. Tourists will attract a healthy climate, the greatness and unique charm of the Arctic landscapes and of course, the decoration of ice spaces is a polar bear. It is about such animals that the famous zoologist Huxley says: "Large animals, freely and daily-freely walking on unbarrous expanses, - this spectacle worries and admires, like the contemplation of an excellent building or listening to a genetic symphony."
It can be hoped, such a "non-consuming" use of a white bear with naturalists and photographers: a fascinating hunt for it with the use of "flying syringes", immobilization and labia of animals that can satisfy the hunting passion of the true athlete and at the same time bring great benefits to science, - in the future it will become the most important from an economic point of view.
In Russian folklore, the Bear appears as a sample of laziness and clumsy. Perhaps this is due to the fact that the movements of the animal are usually measured and leopard. But this impression is deceptive. If necessary, the beast is able to quickly run and easily climb on trees.
Description of type
Brown bear, it is also called ordinary, - a sufficiently massive animal of severe physique, belongs to the class of mammals. It is an independent view and includes 20 subspecies.
The beast has a big head with deeply planted small eyes and a short tail, completely hidden in wool. The length of the curved claws comes up to 10 cm. For the peculiarity of the walking of the progress in the people of the bear, they dubbed Kosolap.
Brown bear is one of the largest predators inhabiting land.
The dimensions and color of the adult beast vary depending on the habitat. It also depends on that he eats a brown bear. The largest animals of this species live in the Far East and Alaska. Their growth reaches almost 3 meters, and they weigh about 700 kg. And the smallest representatives of the species inhabit in Europe, their growth does not exceed 2 meters, and the weight is 400 kg. And the males are larger than females.
Color representatives from different subspecies varies from pale yellow to black with a blue tide.
Fur at the beast is thick and brilliant.
Once a year, animals linen, molting comes from spring to the end of autumn, so in the summer there looks untidy.
These beasts in vivo live from 20 to 30 years, but in captivity, with full care, they can live up to 50 years.
Where Bear lives
The representative of this species dwells almost throughout Russia, more precisely, in its forest part, except for southern regions and northern tundra. At the same time, the Kosolapoy can be seen on the island of Hokkaido, in Canada, in some European and Asian countries, in the north-west of the United States, is also very common in Alaska.
Forest arrays of the beast became a favorite place of living, for the most part these coniferous forests, with dusty trees and shrub thickets.
An animal is not tied to a specific place: the diet of the brown bear and its dwelling can be in different areas. Thanks to the big endurance, the animal in search of edible passes huge distances.
Lifestyle bear
In vivo, brown bears are single. Although females live with young. An adult animal has its own territory that is more than a hundred square kilometers, but the males of ownership is noticeably more. On its site, Kosolapiy leaves as a label of vital activity, as well as the trees scratch.
In the afternoon, animals usually rest in secluded places, for example, in a ravine or in a shrub. Due to the facilities of the brew bear in the taiga, it is active in the morning and in the evening when not so hot.
Usually the bear hides from people, however, a random meeting may occur, which is fraught with fatal outcome. Especially dangerous connecting rods and bear with young.
Animals have weak vision, but excellent smell and hearing, with the help of them, animals are focused.
Between the bears of different floors communicate only during the pairing period.
What eats brown bear
The brown bear menu is quite diverse, as he is omnivorous. It should be noted that it eats a brown bear in the forest for the most part vegetable food. An animal feeds on berries, nuts, acorns, rhizomes and herbs. The beast is not squeaming and willingly bare insects, rodents, frogs and lizards.
Adult animals hunt for boars and small ones, sometimes on wolves and tigers. It happens that the bear takes the extraction of less severe predators. Seasonal food beast becomes a fish, set in the river to spawning.
Bear is a sweet tooth and, if possible, racks with honey of wild bees, finding it in the hollow trees.
Question arises: What does the brown bear eating if the feed is not enough? In the hungry years, Kosolapi will raise on the fields and spoils sowing. He can also ruin the apiece and attack on domestic cattle. Sometimes males eat other people's cubs, more often male as possible competitors in the future.
It can be noted that in nature the brown bears also eat Padal.
Reproduction
Females from 3 years old are ready for mating, males become half-turn for 1-2 years later. The marriage passes from May to mid-summer. During the period of Gon, the males are loudly roar and brutally fighting for the right to leave offspring.
By the middle of winter during hibernation are born bears. As a rule, the bear is produced on light 2-3 young weighing about 500 grams. The first month they are blind and deaf, and at the age of 3 months already overlook the bear from the Berlogs.
The offspring appears infrequently: once every 2-4 years. The lactation period usually lasts at least one and a half years, but on the outlet of the Berls of the young begin also to join the usual food for bears. The Meshbed lands them herself, they are at the mother until 3-4 years old, then leave and live separately.
Preparation for winter
With summer, animals begin to gain fat, preparing for hibernation. From what the brown bear is eating, the number of laid fat stocks required for long winter sleep depends.
At the same time, the beast need to prepare asylum for the winter. In the fall, bears begin to equip burgog, as a rule, in a dry hard-to-reach place. To do this, they use Bursels, caves in the mountains, places under the roots of trees or dig a shelter in the ground. The beast diligently masks his housing.
Little cubs winter with mother. The males spend the winter one by one. But not all representatives of the type fall into hibernation. Bears living in the southern regions where little snow falls, they do not sleep in winter.
Slotch
As a rule, when the first snow appears, the bears are hiding in the berry and fall asleep. However, some individuals can go into the hibernation before: the old beast, which has accumulated a lot of fat, can fall asleep long before the snow falls, and the young bear sometimes goes to refuge and in December. Previously, other pregnant females lie to the Berlry.
The body temperature of animals at this time is reduced to 34 degrees, in such a mode slower consumables stored fat.
The hook lasts before the onset of warm days. However, with an insufficient number of fat reserves, the beast wakes up ahead of time and goes in search of food. At the same time, the cause of early awakening can be thaw.
Woken in the midst of the winter, the bear is called a connecting rod. He wanders hungry, because he eats a brown bear in a taiga plant food, which is not mine in winter. The connectors are very dangerous, because in search of food they are selected to the villages, attacking their lives and per person. In most cases, such beasts are shooting.
This species is under guard and entered into the Red Book. Currently, there are about 200,000 individuals on the planet. Not having natural enemies in nature, brown bears are completely defenseless in front of people.
These animals are an object of sports hunting. Moreover, they are exterminated to get meat and skin, as well as a gallbladder that is used in Eastern medicine.
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