The world's best RESA funds - contemporary modern May 4th, 2018
Surprisingly, how quickly everything changes in the sphere of Russian military electronics, RES and similar funds in russian army. Some time ago, they only said that only the backings were used in Russia, developed in the Soviet Union. But look, it would seem just four years ago, many times wrote about "hibins".
And now these unique RES complexes are changed in troops to new and more modern. Details just amaze ...
The troops of the radio electronic struggle (RES) received a multifunctional transformer station. Mobile complexes "Divnomore" suppress locators and other side radio electronic systems of aircraft, helicopters and drone. The station also creates powerful interference for "flying radars" - E-3 AWACS, E-2 Hawkeye and E-8 JStar. In terms of the purpose of the target, the system chooses the type of interference and the method of their production, so in the troops it received the nickname "Transformer Station". According to experts, the novelty will withdraw Russian Rabs for a new technological level.
As they told Izvestia in the Ministry of Defense, the first complexes of Rab "Divnomorery" will go to troops this year. They have already passed tests and experienced operation. It is now being trained by specialists to work on new technique.
The new complex is capable of "umbrella" interference to close from radar detection objects on a plot of several hundred kilometers. This is enough to reliably cover command items, troops, air defense agents, important industrial and administrative and political objects. The station effectively counteracts air and terrestrial detection systems. A novelty can "score" with powerful interference equipment at once several radar aircraft on a few hundred kilometers. It is also able to effectively affect spy satellites.
It is planned that the "Divnomore" will replace three complexes of Rabs in the troops at once: "Moscow", "Krasuha-2" and "Krasuha-4". It is noteworthy that these systems began to flow into parts and divisions only five years ago, in 2013.
- "Moscow", "Krasuha-2" and "Krasuha-4" is the so-called complexes with, that is, aircraft. They are intended to combat aviation radar, as well as communication and information transmission systems, - told "Izvestia" chief Editor Internet project MilitaryRussia Dmitry Kornev. - In fact, these stations form a single complex. "Moscow" discovers the enemy, determines the type and characteristics of it radioelectronic equipment. These data are transmitted to other systems. Krasuha-2 is responsible for combating long-range radar detection aircraft. Therefore, it is equipped with a huge parabolic antenna. "Krasuha-4" puts interference with the other types of aircraft.
"Divnominery" is at the same time a high-tech command clause, a radiotechnical intelligence station and a powerful means of suppression. The complex includes only one car on an all-terrain chassis. The system unfolds in a combat position in just a few minutes. This makes it highly and almost invulnerable. The complex is hiddenly advanced to a favorable position, performs a combat task and is imperceptibly leaving from under the blow.
The main advantage of "Divonory" is complete automation. When a target detection, the system independently analyzes the signal and defines its type, direction and power of radiation. On the basis of these data are determined tactical and technical characteristics object. After that, the automation is the suppression plan and selects the most effective type of interference independently. Then the system affects the enemy radar with powerful noise radiation.
Creating universal and robotic funds - the main main direction of development russian troops Reb, noted Military Historian Dmitry Boltenkov.
"Divnomore" brings domestic means of radio electronic struggle to a new technological level, "said the expert. - The complex is capable of minimal participation of people to suppress a wide range of goals and act autonomously.
Today, Russia is considered one of the leading powers in the level of development of REC funds. Until 2020, it is planned for more than two thirds to update the technique in the radio electronic struggle troops.
The bombarding airlip of the Western Military District (IO) deployed in the Voronezh region was obtained for the modernization of improved complexes "Hibin".
As a result of modernization, the possibilities of radio electronic struggle (REC) of the Multifunctional front-line bomber Su-34 are significantly expanded. The new complex made it possible to increase the possibilities of front-line aviation aviation due to the installation by the plane of an additional special container.
Reb complexes of the previous generation were intended only to protect the bombard himself, now they have acquired the possibility of group protection of aircraft.
Also, SU-34 crews will be able to interact with terrestrial interspecific groups of troops and other aircraft - aircraft and drone.
The modern experience of combat use of aircraft equipped with the new generation of the RES complex will allow to expand the combat potential of the aircraft and optimize the work of the links when maneuverable air fighting. Also improved Khibina Reb complexes will enhance the survivability of the SU-34 bombing crew due to the possibility of a rigging launch of a large radius of action, the press service of the Western Military District reports.
sources
Technologies of the radio electronic struggle (RES) in 2015 turned 111 years. The first new type of military confrontation used Russian troops in the war with Japan in the early twentieth century. This revolutionary fact then simply did not notice, few people know about him now. But it was in our country a military-technical direction was born, which becomes decisive in the 20th century wars.
On April 2 (15), 1904, during the Russian-Japanese war, a violation of the opponent's radio communications was first implemented. Russian military engineers were able to carry out a radio personnel of negotiations between the Japanese warships and the coastal observation station, corrective shooting. But then the radio compound did the first steps and was just mastered in the most advanced armies. The Japanese army and especially the military fleet were at the beginning of the twentieth century, very modern. Actively introducing radio communications into your fleet, the Japanese did not assume that such a connection could be intercepted, listen, and even break. Nevertheless, the Russians did it.
Of the 60 large-caliber shells released by Japanese ships in the direction of Port Arthur, no goals reached the target. Without a doubt, this date can be considered the beginning of the use of Rabs not only in Russia, but also in the world.
With the development of technologies, the possibilities of radio interpretation and radio speakers increased, the means and methods of maintaining radio-electronic struggle. New methods for suppression, violation and interception of radio communications began to be actively used during World War II by all the warring parties. During World War II, the radio electronic struggle was used even more intensively.
Today, Rab is one of the most important types of combat operations. Radioelectronic struggle Includes a wide range of activities to detect radio-electronic objects and enemy tools, their suppression, the protection of its radio-electronic systems and various types of troops, aviation and the navy of Russia from the defeat of high-precision weapons.
Rab complexes and systems, which in our country are developed by the Radio Electronic Technologies concern, are recognized as one of the most effective in the world. The decent heirs of Russian military engineers of the beginning of the twentieth century can be congratulated with their professional birthday. Perhaps April 15 will ever go to the calendar of commemorative military dates and will become a professional holiday.
Surprise for the opponent
Secret russian complexes make enemy shells and rockets explode on the amount of the goal or to change the flight trajectory
Fighter Tanks "Javelin"
In the West succeeded in creating high-precision shock systems. Indeed, the winged "tomahas", bruised, for example, with warships somewhere in the Mediterranean or Indian Ocean, flying thousands of kilometers, find their goals in Afghanistan, Balkans, Iraq and amaze the target with an accuracy of the meter. Throughout the flight, they are "intelligent" electronics of the guidance head, which holds a permanent connection with the aircraft of the long-range radar watch of Avax and satellite groups. It can not miss such a rocket. And the blow of it is crushing for the enemy.
Once the infantry on the battlefield carried large losses from the blow of shrapnel shells. Then the infantry began to actively maneuver, shelled behind the armor, and the effectiveness of Shrapnel decreased sharply. But now there is a reincarnation of old ammunition.
In the shells, stupid by fragments and arrows, electronic devices are inserted, which are not just over the trench, namely, in the place where unprotected live strength is currently concentrated. And the anti-tank managed rocket "Javelin", which is flown to the goal, makes a maneuver, as a result of which the blow has not just on the tank, but in the lid of the tower hatch.
It would seem that no salvation. But, as our defenders say, we will find anything at all kinds ... Well, in general, a worthy answer.
Caution: "Mercury"
Imagine a picture: in the sky - combat ka-52, from the Earth on the helicopter beats the PZRK "Needle" or "Stinger". The defeat of the goal seems to be inevitably, but when the rocket is suitable, suddenly changes the direction sharply and goes to the side. The reason is that the system is installed on board the helicopter that forms a kind of impenetrable dome around it, which cannot overcome enemy means of attack. The name of this system is "Vitebsk".
No less surprising complex "Lever", also installed on board helicopters. He is able to "blind" the enemy at a distance of hundreds of kilometers, creating around our equipment on Earth an invisible shield.
But another means of protection, until recently, strictly classified. This is a complex of radio electronic struggle "Mercury-BM". The last two letters mean that it is located on the combat vehicle. It can be a car, armored personnel carrier or widespread armored artillery tractor MTLB.
The essence of protection in the following. The machine with the complex "Mercury" is established in the place where the enemy's artillery-missile strike is likely. The front edge of the defense is covered by a peculiar cloud of radio-electronic radiation. There is another subtlety. If Reb systems are included, they themselves are demasked with their emission covered positions. But the "mercury" turns on at the time of art, milliseconds. Electronics of the system of domestic, by the way, the development almost instantly determines the operating frequency of the enemy radio transmission.
An interference emitted for a split second, nevertheless creates a signal that provides such an impact on the radio drive that it triggers ahead of time. The same "Javelin", the cost of which is 30 thousand dollars, hitting the "mercury" zone, loses his whole "mind" and flies on an unmanaged trajectory - where the curve will take place. The enemy radiocontrol systems simply do not have time to "grab" and somehow pouring the work of "mercury". In addition, the complex is mobile and changes its positions very quickly. And on its deployment goes no more than 10 minutes. During operation, one machine RTB "Mercury-BM" can protect troops on an area of \u200b\u200b20 to 50 hectares. One car serves only two people.
According to the concern "Radioelectronic Technologies", where these complexes are developed and produced, the need for Russian armed forces in the "mercury-bm" is estimated at 100 cars.
Video of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.
System Reb "Autobaza" guard
It can be argued that everything is smooth on paper. But when it comes to actual use ... So, the domestic RES systems over the past year were noted at least twice.
March 13, 2014 in the sky over the silence was intercepted by the intelligence and shock drone of the American production MQ-5B. Judging on the onboard label, he was a grouping of the 66th American Brigade military intelligence With the main location of the deployment in Bavaria.
March 2014 american scouts From this brigade were noticed in the area of \u200b\u200bUkrainian Kirovograd. It is from there, according to experts, drones began to perform reconnaissance raids towards Crimea.
On March 13, the Reb system with nothing-speaking "Avtobaz" broke the connection of the drone and his operator, and then forced DRON to make an emergency landing on the territory of Crimea. After that, MQ-5B flights over the peninsula stopped. It is believed that even earlier, in 2011 in Iran, with the help of the same "autobaz", the American secret drone RQ-170 Sentinel was successfully landed.
In the spring of 2014, American destroyer Donald Cook went into the Black Sea. SU-24 flew by him, on board which he worked the Rabs of Hibin. And on the destroyer, the entire control system was faced, including the Olemp and the ogs, the IJIS anti-missile complex. The crew was confused: the sailors did not understand how to drive a ship further and what to do when all monitors went out. On board a panic arose ...
So far from any "Raptor" with Tomahawn, there are attendance to Russia, facing the "autobare" or "hibins".
Reb complex "Krasuha"
The rocket will not break to the fighter. Combat aviation will cover the impenetrable field.
There is such a wonderful Rab complex as "Krasuha-2". It can blind and stun not only the Avax type long-range radio observation aircraft, but also the space component of the rocket guidance systems of our enemies.
In 2015, the troops received two Mobile Complex "Krasuha-2".
When meeting with "Krasuha-2", the Avax system cease to understand where their own, where others, and what should be managed.
There are hardly in the world today there are decent analogues of this "smartest" radio-electronic gun. If necessary, the complex may simply burn all electronic systems of the enemy aircraft, high-precision rocket or low-bit satellite. But it is as a last resort. And so "Krasuha-2" master to create false images and literally "driving crazy" enemy shock systems.
As a rule, high-precision rocket weapons It is presented with a constant radio exchange with command clause. NATO has such items, Avax airplanes are served, which, in turn, closes various satellite groupings. So, the rab station with caressing the name, as soon as Avax enters the area of \u200b\u200bits action, carefully embedded in all its protected communication channels. And then begins to carefully distort the signals transmitted and received by the flying command item.
As experts say and it is as if confirmed by the tests, very quickly Avacs ceases to distinguish between their own, and where other people, and does not understand what, in fact, it is necessary to manage. The result may well be an attack on its own military objects, which suddenly present absolutely hostile.
The small-sized automated RLS "Harmon" is certainly not so impressive as the formidable Rab systems, but they fit well into the complex air defense system and air traffic control. "Harmonic" provides the detection and maintenance of various air objects, determining their state affiliation, the automatic issuance of track information on automated control systems. These complexes were successfully tested during Olympic Games in Sochi. Now their serial release and delivery in the troops are started.
Reb complex "Krasuha" completely blinded fighters on the KNO teachings
During the teachings, RES specialists distorted the navigation field, and the pair of SU-34, imitating the tactical blow of the air-surface rockets, could not detect the goals and to bring the means of aviation lesion.
As part of a tactical and special teaching separate brigade The radio electronic struggle of the Western Military District defended the control system of troops from rocket strike Su-34 conventional enemy bombers with the help of the Rabsuha's mobile complex, the head of the press service of the ZVO Colonel Oleg Kochetkov reported on Friday.
"As a result of interference with the use of equipment of the Rabsukh mobile complex, Rab specialists distorted the navigation field and made systems and means of guiding the WTO" blind "in the preparation of aviation strike"
He said.
As clarified kochetkov, during the teachings of the pair of fighter bombers Su-34, imitating the tactical blow by the air-surface class missiles in the ground control points of the troops, could not detect the goals and bring the means of aviation lesion on them.
In total, more than 250 servicemen and about 100 units of special techniques were involved in the exercises.
Developed by the concern "Radio Electronic Technologies" (CRT, is included in Rostech) mobile complexes Rabs "Krasuha-4" provide high-precision intelligence radio electronic means For various purposes, the type of the emitted signal is analyzed and an effective suppression of the opponent radar stations is carried out, as a result of which he deeces the possibility of detecting the goals and led them means of lesion. The complex can be used to ensure the safety of strategic objects, including oil-producing steps, HPP, airports and railway stations. Detection range is more than 300 kilometers. The time is deploying the system - from 20 minutes. Range of operating temperatures, 0 C - from -40 to +50.
RIA News
Reb "Alabuga" will make a useless enemy technique
Russian specialists after field tests have begun to eliminate errors and work to increase power, accuracy and range of radiation of the Alabuga complex.
One of the so-called "muffles", bursting at an altitude of 200-300 meters, turns off the electronic equipment within a radius of 3.5 kilometers - the enemy's units remain without communication, controls and guidance, and the technique remains unless to quit.
According to a number of publications that refer to an unnamed Specialist of the Rostex Concern, the Alabuga combat unit is a high-frequency generator of a high-power electromagnetic field. The pulse radiation occurring in the break of the rocket is similar to a nuclear explosion, but without a radioactive component.
- Field tests showed high efficiency of the block - the main headsess of communication is outlined, blinding and stunning opponents. Divisions remain without any local electronic control systems, including weapons. The advantages of "non-fatal" damage are obvious - the enemy remains only to surrender, and the technique becomes trophy, "the expert explained.
The main problem of this type of pulsed electromagnetic weapons is still creating effective means Delivery. For a charge having a large mass, a rocket is needed, which is vulnerable to the air defense and pro.
Electromagnetic weapons can not be called something "supernatural" for the Russian army. Even in the early 90s of the last century, the specialists of the Research Institute of Radio Reservice (now the division of the Almaz-Antey concern) and the Physico-Technical Institute. Ioffe presented the air defense project based on the impact of microwave radiation from the land for air targets. Finding into local plasma formations, objects were destroyed due to huge dynamic overloads. The impact of such radiation was effectively even against intercontinental ballistic missiles.
Actually acting prototype of electromagnetic weapons - domestic complex "Ranis-E" was presented at the exhibition in Malaysia in 2001. It provides guaranteed damage to the electronics of the ground target, an aircraft or a managed projectile at a distance of up to 14 kilometers.
15 percent of the budget (more than three trillion rubles) of the state program of armaments, calculated until 2020, is planned to be sent to the systems of attack and protection with sources of electromagnetic radiation. For comparison, the Pentagon for the same goals intends to spend about 10 percent of its funds.
After "Alabuga", the enemy remains only to surrender or retreat, throwing equipment.
Meaning
Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu, speaking at the conference meeting, noted that one of the most important priorities of military construction this year will be the re-equipment of the Air Force with the new technique.
In addition to the latest combat aircraft, such as, for example, the SU-35 or MiG-35 in the troops will receive a new electronic technique. Moreover, many electronic systems most recently seemed unattainable fantastic.
The demonstration figures recently led the leadership of the Radioelectronic Technologies concern - the main developer of electronic systems for the army and the Air Force. Only the latest complexes of onboard radio-electronic equipment and measuring equipment in the troops were supplied last year in the amount of more than 36 billion rubles. And the radio-electronic struggle systems in the amount of 17.1 billion and, I must say, the Ministry of Defense has considerable funds spent not in vain. All samples obtained by military are built on the domestic component base and in their characteristics are not inferior to foreign analogues, and often they are superior.
For example, the Vitebsk family complexes provide reliable protection of Ka-52 helicopters and Su-25 attack aircraft from all types of rockets with infrared heads of homing. And these are the fixed assets of the defeat of portable anti-aircraft missile complexes and air regime air - air. No "Stinger" to our "Alligators" and "Gracham" carrying on board "Vitebsk" are not terrible. The tests of the modifications of this complex are completed, which will ensure the protection of even heavy helicopters of the Mi-26 type and military transport aircraft.
No less interesting is the powerful Multifunctional missile complex "Hibin". It provides individual protection of aircraft from rocket attacks of enemy fighters and ground-based air defense agents. This complex creates a kind of protective radio electronic cloud around the aircraft, and even managed rockets lose the goal and go aside.
Truly unique complexes of the radio electronic struggle "Leveg-Av". They are used as part of shock aviation Group To ensure a breakthrough of almost any air defense system. These REC complexes actively suppress the operation of all types of radar stations. And even the most modern American anti-aircraft missile complex "Patriot" becomes blind and helpless. The blow of the Russian aircroup with the "levers" of the cover is irresistible.
S-500 anti-aircraft missiles will appear in 2017. Complexes, the development of which is in full swing, belong to the new generation of land-air missile systems. The C-500 missile will have a 600 km damage radius. C-500 will reflect not only aircraft, but also a blow of ballistic missiles. One complex will be able to detect and at the same time hit up to 10 ballistic goals flying at a speed of up to 7 km / s, and even knock down hypersonic aircraft.
Prepared on the basis of materials: RIA Novosti, "Russian Gazeta" - Week №6646 (75), Federal Edition №6593 (22)
Photo: "RG", RIA Novosti - RIA.RU
Total material assessment: 5
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In Russia, the development and production of radio-electronic security (RES), designed to combat combat management systems is actively being actively conducted. Reb complexes are suppressed and output electronic controls of troops and weapons. In our country, the creation of Reb is engaged in 18 enterprises included in the Radio Electronic Technologies Concern (CRT).
The radio electronic struggle systems are the technical basis for the conduct of information struggle. They neutralize control systems, by suppressing, withdrawal and destruction of radio-electronic means. Reb complexes are used in the sky, on Earth and in space.
CRT was created in early 2009 for the development and production of aviation, terrestrial and naval radio electronic complexes, as well as military and civil and civilian systems. It is part of the state corporation Rostech, which owns 100% of the shares of the concern.
Types of radio electronic struggle systems
Radio electronic struggle systems can be divided into several groups. These are the means of suppression (rap), the means of protection (RES) and the means of reconnaissance (RER).
Rap funds create active and passive interference, use false goals and traps to violate radio-electronic systems and means.
The RES funds eliminate or weaken the impact on their electronic objects of radio-electronic lesions, as well as protect against unintentional mutual radio interpretation reconnaissance.
Reer funds are designed to collect intelligence information by taking and analyzing electromagnetic radiation.
The use of all RES funds increases efficiency and increases the survivability military equipment. The main buyer and the customer of the RES systems produced by the CRTT concern is the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.
Reb system manufactured by Crupet concern
In accordance with the Decree of the President of the country by 2020, at least 70% of the technology of the new generation should be in the Russian army. In 2013, the Ministry of Defense adopted seven unique RES complexes produced at KRT enterprises.
The radio electronic intelligence and management station "Moscow-1" is designed to scan airspace. Having found equipment equipped with radio elements, the station transfers the received data from the RES, air defense and air force to neutralize goals. Unlike conventional radars "Moscow-1" operates in passive radar mode - catches its own radiation of the target, while remaining invisible to the enemy.
In the framework of the state order for 2013, 10 multifunctional interference complexes "Krasuha-4" were supplied for the Ministry of Defense. The system is produced by the Bryansk Electromechanical Plant (BEMZ). This complex is able to completely close from the radar detection of the land plots of several hundred kilometers, suppress the effect of opponent's aviation radar and communications.
Also, KRT put more than 10 multifunctional interference stations "mercury-bm". They are designed to protect personnel and technology from the defeat by artillery shells and rockets equipped with radio visor. The "mercury-bm" was developed by the All-Russian Research Institute "Gradient".
In addition, several unique aviation complexes "President-C" and stations of active interference SP-14 / CAP-518 were supplied. These systems create interference with the means of self-deployment of aviation missile systems, forcing the released rockets to deviate from the intended purpose. "President-C" has been developed and issued by the Research Institute "Screen". The complex is designed to protect helicopters, aircraft of military transport aircraft.
The radio electronic protection called "Avtobaz" developed developed by the Moscow Gradient and was issued by the Novgorod NGO "Kvant". The complex is designed for passive detection of radiating radar systems and transmission to the automated control of the coordinates of working radars, their class and frequency range numbers. Several such complexes in this time Are in service with the army of the Russian Federation.
Plans and New Developments
SAP-14 / CAP-518 stations provide protection for the 4+ Su-34 bombing fighter, a reactive super-superanny multi-purpose 4 ++ SU-35C generation fighter and a multi-purpose high-end all-weather fighter of the fourth-generation Su-27cm. Universal devices are produced by the Kaluga Research Radio Engineering Institute (Book).
The radio electronic protection called "Avtobaz" developed developed by VNII "Gradient" and issued by the Novgorod NGO Kvant. The complex is designed for passive detection of radiating radar systems and transmission to the automated control of the coordinates of working radars, their class and frequency range numbers. Several such complexes at this time are in service with the Army of the Russian Federation.
Plans and New Developments
In enterprises, KRT is constantly working on new Rab systems. The development contains 12 aviation and ground systems. In particular, on request of the Ministry of Defense, pilot work is carried out to create a unique complex "Hibin-y".
Protection of aircraft from radio frequency and infrared threats remains a paramount task for the Air Forces of many countries, as evidenced by the growth in activity in this area in the last two years.
Many countries in the Asia-Pacific region are traditionally laconic when it comes to their military procurement, not to mention the air electronic systems of self-defense as such. The exception of this rule is the statement of Leonardo that the Indonesian Air Force increases the level of self-defense of its Hawk MK.209 fighters by installing the SEER radar radar irradiation system receiver. According to Dave Epplby from Leonardo, this product "will soon begin to be operated on these aircraft. According to the company, the system is available in two versions: one closes the frequency range from 0.5 GHz to 18 GHz, and the second is a range from 2 to 10 GHz.
Europe
Meanwhile, in November 2016, Leonardo confirmed that the British Air Force received radio frequency false objects of BriteCloud to develop the theory of combat use of these targets on board the Panavia Tornado-GR4 fighter. Appleby noted that this false goal "is a digital radio frequency interference director in a fully autonomous block, reduced to the size of the beverage jars. That is, this block is so small that it can be discharged from the fighter in the same way as a thermal trap, allowing you to divert the most modern rockets with radar guidance and radar fire management. "
Although Leonardo does not provide information about when the BriteCloud system could enroll Tornado-Gr4 fighter fighters. It is expected that this can happen next year. Leonardo said that the appearance of BriteCloud marks an important milestone for British aviation, which, as Epplby clarified, "will be the first among the Air Force, which uses such technology." Further, he noted that the MIYSIS DIRCM system (Directional Infrared Countermeasure is a controlled system of controlling IR-funds) was sold to the first customer 2016.
According to the company, the system can be installed on helicopters and wide-body aircraft, providing an oversized cover from infrared rockets using lasers to neutralize them. "Miysis is ready for exports and the first buyer has become a foreign customer, but we can no longer say about this," added Epplby.
British Air Force may soon begin operation of new Radio Frequency False Goals Britecloud on board its Tomado-GR4 aircraft
European REC air projects are also focused on kinetic capabilities. At the end of 2016, ORBITAL ATK received a contract worth $ 14.7 million in accordance with the US law on weapons and military equipment. foreign states for revision existing missiles "Air-surface" Raytheon AGM-38B High Speed \u200b\u200bAnti-Radiation Missiles (HARM) in the AGM-88E Advanced Anti-Radiation Guided Missile configuration (AARGM). The reports are noted that the delivery of 19 converted missiles will be completed by September 2018, they will be installed on the Reb Tornado-ECR aircraft of the Italian Air Force. Orbital noted that, according to the signed agreement, the 500th rocket was transferred american Navy in May last year.
In addition, a program for creating a new rocket version under the designation of AGM-88E AARGM-ER (Extended Range - Enlarged range) began in 2016, and as stated in the company, the project is aimed at the development of hardware and software modifications in order to improve the characteristics of AARGM, Including increased range, vitality and efficiency against new complex threats. " Also, they added that the current activity in this direction will focus on the design of a new engine for rocket, software update, additional improvement of the design and testing. Stage of working out technology and reducing risks began last year, and experienced missiles will be delivered to the American Fleet in 2019.
American companies are also actively working in Europe. Last year, Northrop Grumman was successful, it was chosen for the supply of Laircm IR CF IR (Large AirCraf Infra-Red Countermeasure) for installation on board the Bombardier Global Express-5000 German Air Force, which are used for the transport of high-ranking individuals. Information about the end of the installation of these systems has not yet received.
The German Air Forces also took up the level of protection of their Tornado-ECR / IDS fighters, intending to establish containers with SAAB BOZ-101 Equipment. From 2017 to 2020, a total of 39 containers will be established. The BOZ-101 system includes an attacking rocket warning system and a dissemination machine radioelectronic suppression With the possibility of launching false thermal targets to combat the attackers from the bottom and side of missiles with IR-guidance.
The Northrop Grumman IR Anthrop Grumman IC system will be installed on German Global Express-5000 aircraft used to transport high-ranking persons
According to reports, the Dutch Air Force intends to upgrade their TERMA PIDSU RPP Reapsection Machines installed on F-16A / B Fighting Falcon fighters. These containers will be updated before the PIDS + configuration by adding the MAWS rocket approximation system (Missile Approach Warning System) and the automaton of dropping false thermal targets, which can run them diagonally. After modernization, the aircraft can be guaranteed to fight missiles with IR-pointing-air-conditioned class. The basis of this modernization is adding an ultraviolet system for detection of the Rocket launch of AN / AAR-60 (V) 2 Milds-F MAWS developing Airbus / Hensoldt.
Installing a discharge automaton will expand the functions of the PIDSU container, which before this could only reset the dipole reflectors to combat rockets with radar guidelines "surface-air" classes and air-air; Now he is able to distract and rockets with IR-guidance.
In December 2016, the Dutch F-16A / B aircraft also received upgraded Rap containers Northrop Grumman An / AlQ-131 Block-LL. The emphasis in modernization was made on improving the architecture of the digital receiver and the irradiators included in the container. They received libraries of radio bands of a potential enemy to identify and determine the location of threats and the subsequent generation of deliberate interference to neutralize them. Judging by open sources, the AN / ALQ-131 system covers a radio frequency range from 2 to 20 GHz and is capable of performing simultaneous joining, using 48 different forms of signals. On F-16A / B fighters of the Dutch Air Force, the original RAP AN / ALQ-131 was installed back in 1996. Each new AN / ALQ-131 BLOCK II system costs more than a million dollars, and at the same time the Air Force purchased 105 such containers.
Reb container systems is also developing the Ukrainian Radonix Company. Announced in November 2016 on the start of flight testing of its on-board system of radio electronic protection "OMU-KM". Tests on board the aircraft must confirm the possibilities of the "Out" system, which has already passed terrestrial and laboratory tests. For testing, the system was installed on the Stormware Su-25 Ukrainian Air Force. The OMUT system can be offered both in the container configuration and for installation inside the aircraft. The company notes that the architecture of the OMUT system allows you to establish it to the Su-27 fighter. It is not reported on the start and timing of the supply of this system and in general about installing it on the aircraft of the Ukrainian Air Force. In addition, the company also does not provide information on the characteristics of its system.
Leonardo celebrated the first deliveries of its controlled counteraction system to the IR MIYSIS unnamed customer. In the system for neutralizing attacking missiles with IR-Woven, lasers are used
Russia
In May 2016, the company "Concern Radioelectronic Technologies" (CRT) announced the start of the supply of a new radio-electronic protection complex (CRP) for impact helicopters of the Russian Air Force. In the press release, the Crot says that the CRZ includes:
- Laser irradiation system,
- device warning on the rocket attack of the ultraviolet range,
- automatic resetting false thermal targets and dipole reflectors,
- Laser protection system for rockets with IR-guidance.
The press release does not refer to the name of the new system, how many will be delivered, and when the supply and installation on Mi-28N helicopters begin. The decision to install a new CRZ could be a response to the disadvantages in the equipment of this helicopter identified during the Syrian conflict. For example, on April 12, 2016, the Mi-28N helicopter was shot down by a Rocket from PZRK in the vicinity of the city of Homs, both members of the crew were killed.
What is surprising, at the Mi-28N helicopters installed a complex of radio-electronic counteraction Vitebsk L370-57 (President-C). According to open sources, this complex contains exactly the same equipment as the new complex, which is on the installation of Mi-2n to declare CRT. The question arises, is the Mi-28N helicopters installed the President-C / L370-5 complex and was the helicopter, shot down on April 12, was this complex?
In addition, whether the CRT statement is investigating the requirements of the Russian Ministry of Defense for the installation of the President-C / L370-5 complex (see the first photo) to the entire Park of Mi-28N helicopters? The case is even more confused by some messages in which the helicopter was not shot down from PZRK. And failed as a result of a technical malfunction. Later, in August 2016, Crot announced that he had been offering a system of radio-electronic struggle and radio electronic reconnaissance lever-AB, set on the export version of the Mi-8MTP-1 multipurpose transport helicopter. Little is known about the characteristics of the lever-AB system, for example, it can join the radio frequency threats within a radius of about 100 km.
Near East
At the end of last year, the American company Harris announced a contract worth $ 90 million for the supply of its integrated Rabular set of AN / ALQ-211 (V) 4 AIDEWS (Advanced Integrated Defensive Electronic Warfare Suite) Moroccan Air Force. The announcement says that these systems AN / ALQ-211 (V) 4 will be installed on F-16C / D BLOCK-62 + fighters, which Moroccans are 15 and 8 pieces, respectively.
The protection kit AN / ALQ-211 (V) 4 is installed inside the aircraft. It consists of a broadband digital receiver, which determines the transmission of radio signals in a complex electromagnetic environment and which may drop dipole reflectors to neutralize such threats. According to Harris, the supply of these systems will begin in mid-2018.
Meanwhile, in February 2017, it was announced that the TERMA company will supply Reb containers Mase Modular Aircraft Self-Protection Equipment for TRUSH S-2RT660 turboprop aircraft supplied by the United Arab Emirates Air Force to combat terrorist groups. Each aircraft will carry two MASE containers connected to the RESA fund control system also developing TERMA AN / ALQ-213. Emirates Air Force will receive a total of 24 S-2RT660 aircraft.
Light Spear from Elbit Systems, uniting the RTP and RES subsystems, demonstrates the tendency to develop systems for the UAV, which are able to collect reconnaissance data and protect the carrier platform
Also in this region, we see the emergence of new RES products, for example, a system of controlled anti-Protection Self-Protection Radar Electro-Optic System (Self-Protection Radar Electro-Optic System) of the Israeli company Bird Aerosystems. The system presented at the Parisian exhibition EuroSatory 2016 is designed to protect aerial platforms from missiles with IR-guidelines, in particular from those that are shooting from CRK. According to the company, the product is located in the last stages of development and perhaps at the moment its tests on board the aircraft have already begun.
System of controlled anti-protected SPREOS IR (Self-Protection Radar Electro-Optic System) Development of the Israeli company Bird Aerosystems
Another Israeli company Elbit Systems presented its new radio electronic protection system Light Spear, intended for installation on unmanned aerial vehicles (bla). It is reported that the company has developed a system not only to ensure the safety of drone, but also to collect intelligence information in areas that may be dangerous for manned aircraft. According to some reports, Light Spear is based on the ELISRA development system, which has already been established on a number of aircraft and helicopters of Israeli Air Force, but has a smaller mass, dimensions and energy consumption in order to optimize work on bla.
The Light Spear architecture is based on the combination of the radio electronic intelligence system, mainly intended for identification, localization and categorization of radar threats, and the radio electronic suppression system, the task of which to interfere with the threats detected. The company claims that the so-called DRFM approach is used (Digital Radio Frequency Memory - digital high frequency memory), whereby several interference channel channels can be used in order to neutralize threats over a wide frequency range.
The company does not disclose whether the Light Spear system has been commissioned, which UAH it is installed or can be installed. In a statement by Elbit, it is said that she also developed a Micro Spear interference director, which "is an extremely compact Reeb system intended for self-defense of drones and electronic attacks." The new system of radio engineering reconnaissance / Reb Air Keeper is joined to these two systems, which "collects intelligence information and has the ability to interfere with the enemy radio frequency, which allows it when it is installed on any existing cargo, transport or passenger aircraft to perform such tasks as such as , Collection of intelligence and rap. Reducing the effectiveness of radar and the opponent radio systems. Air Keeper is also able to determine the coordinates of the means of communication, radar and other similar systems. "
The emergence of the Light Spear system indicates an increasing tendency on the equipment of drone controlling systems of radio-electronic protection. For example, in April 2017, the American company General Atomics demonstrated its MQ-9 Reaper drone (photo below), which took off with the Raytheon An / AlR-69A radar radar radar radar notification system, installed in one of the undermining gondolas. At the same time, it is unclear, the US Air Force (the main operator of this UAV) will establish the ANIALR-69A system to all devices or buy only a few systems that will be installed on the MQ-9 blast when operating in areas with the possibility of external influence. Although the drones have always been considered as an ideal means for the so-called "stupid, dangerous and dirty" tasks, at a cost of $ 6.8 million for one blale MQ-9, it is not surprising that work is underway to protect these platforms, as well as their use to collect data. RTR over the battlefield.
In December 2016, at the International UAV exhibition in the Canadian city of Toronto, Cognitive Systems presented its Rab system designed to be installed on bla. The system, which is a chip weighing 80 grams, can conduct real-time reconnaissance of radio frequency signals, identify them and determine location.
Over the past two years, the countries of the Middle East have become noticeably more actively purchasing self-defense systems for aircraft. For example, Egypt at the end of 2016 acquired a missile attack system of AIM / AAR-47 Common Missile Warning System Development of Wae Systems for installation on board their shock helicopters Boeing en-64d apache, multipurpose transport helicopters CH-47D Chinook and multi-purpose UH- helicopters 60A / M Black Hawk. A transaction worth $ 81.4 million includes training, technical assistance and equipment testing.
Radio-electronic protection systems were also sold by the Egyptian Air Force on the sale of weapons and military equipment to foreign countries (FOREIGN MILITARY SALE). These are automatic drops of dipole reflectors and false thermal targets AN / AAR-60 and AN / ALE-47 manufactured by Airbus / Hensoldt are designed for two lungs of Cessna AC-208 Combat Caravan, purchased from the American company Orbital ATK at the end of 2016.
To be continued…
April 15, 1904, two days after tragic death Admiral Makarova, the Japanese fleet began shelling Port Arthur. However, this attack, later, called the "Third Flashing Shooting", was not crowned with success. The reason for the failure is revealed in the official report of the temporarily acting fleet commander Pacific Ocean Council Admiral Ukhtomsky. He wrote: "At 9 o'clock. 11 min. In the morning, the enemy armored cruisers "Nisin" and "Kasuga", maneuvering on Zyud-Süd-West from Liaoteshan Lighthouse, began a felt shooting on the forts and the inner raid. From the very beginning, firing two enemy cruisers, choosing a position against the passage of Liaoteshansky Cape, outside the shooters of the fortress, began to telegraphs, why immediately the battleship "Victory" and the station of the Golden Mountain began to interrupt the big spark of the enemy telegrams, believing that these cruisers inform the shooting battleship on hit their shells. The enemy produced 208 shells of large caliber. There were no hits in the court. " It was the first officially fixed fact of the use of REC in hostilities.
Weak link
Modern Reb, of course, far left the "big spark", but chief Principlelying on it, remained the same. Any organized area human activity It provides a hierarchy, whether it is a plant, a store and all the more army - in any enterprise there is a "brain", that is, the management system. Competition at the same time comes down to the competition of control systems - information confrontation. After all, today the main goods on the market is not oil, not gold, but information. If you deprive the brain's competitor, it can bring victory. Therefore, it is precisely the management system that the military seek to protect primarily: buried to the ground, the echelonized headquarters defense systems are built, etc.
But, as is known, the strength of the chain is determined by its weakest link. Control commands need to be somehow transferred to performers from the brain. "The most vulnerable link on the battlefield is a communication system," explains Andrei Mikhailovich Smirnov, a teacher of the Inter-Widden Center for the Training and Combat Application of Rab Troops in Tambov. - If you find it out, the commands from the control system will not pass to the performers. That is what the RES is engaged. "
The gym of the Inter-Width Center of the Rab Troops.
From intelligence before suppression
But in order to bring the communication system in order to detect it. Therefore, the very first RES problem - technical intelligence, which studies the battlefield using all available technical means. This makes it possible to identify radio-electronic objects that can be suppressed - communications or sensors.
Suppression of radio-electronic objects is the creation at the input of the noise signal receiver, greater than the useful signal. "The older generation people probably also remember in the USSR of foreign shortwave radio stations, such as Voice of America, by transferring a powerful noise signal. This is just a typical example of radio production, "says Andrei Mikhailovich. - The installation of passive interference refers to RES, such as the release of foil clouds from aircraft to create interference signals of radar or the creation of false targets with the help of corner reflectors. The sphere of RES interests is not only a radio, but also an optical range - say, laser illumination of optical-electronic sensors of guidance systems, and even other physical fields, such as hydroacoustic suppression of submarine sections. "
The RTUB-BM Reb machine is intended to be struggle not with communication lines, but with hand-driven weapons and ammunition with radio visor. In automatic mode, the system detects ammunition and determines the operating frequency of its radio drive, after which he puts the interference with high power.
However, it is important not only to suppress the enemy communication system, but also prevent the suppression of its own systems. Therefore, the reference of the REB includes the radio electronic protection of its systems. This is a complex of technical measures to which the installation of arresters and systems for locking the receiving paths during interference exposure, protection against electromagnetic pulse (including nuclear explosion), shielding, the use of batch transmission, as well as organizational measures, such as work at minimum power and maximum a short time on the air In addition, Reb also confronts the technical intelligence of the enemy using radio discovery and various sly species encoding signals that make it difficult to detect (see the insert "invisible signals").
The infauna Reb complex protects equipment on a march, overwhelming lines and radio control by explosive devices.
Muffler
"The shortwave" enemy voices "was an analog signal with amplitude modulation at known frequencies, so they were not so difficult to drown out," explains Andrei Mikhailovich. - But even with such, it would seem, there would be no greenhouse conditions in the presence of a good receiver, the forbidden transmissions were quite real due to the features of the propagation of short-wave signals and limited transmitters. For analog signals, the noise level should exceed the signal level of six to ten times, since the human ear and the brain are extremely selective and allow you to disassemble even a root signal. With modern coding methods, such as PPRC, the task is more complex: if you use white noise, the PPRC receiver such a signal simply "will not notice." Therefore, the noise signal should be as much as possible to "useful" (but five or six times more powerful). And they B. various systems Communications are different, and one of the tasks of radio speech is just an analysis of the type of signals of the enemy. In terrestrial systems, signals are commonly used with the extension of the DSSS spectrum or PPRC, so that the signal, frequency-modulated (CM) chaotic pulse sequence, is most often used as universal interference. Aviation uses amplitude-modulated (AM) signals, since the FM from the fast moving transmitter will affect the Doppler effect. To suppress aviation radar, pulse interference is also used, similar to the signals of the guidance systems. In addition, you need to use a directional signal: it gives a significant power gain (several times). In some cases, the suppression is quite problematic - say, in the case of a space or radio relay communication, where very narrow orientation diagrams are used. "
Amplitude (AM) and frequency (FM) modulation - the basis of analogue communication, but they are not too nobled, and therefore fairly easily suppressed using modern means Rab. Another thing is digital signals that are difficult not only to suppress, but even just detect! Currently, two basic methods of encoding such signals are distributed: the spectrum expansion by direct sequence (Direct Sequence Spreadrum, DSSS) and the pseudo-random restructuring of the operating frequency (PPPC, Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum, FHSS). In DSSS, the information narrowband signal is encoded by a pseudo-random sequence. Thanks to this coding, the data transfer rate increases, and we have a broadband noise-like signal at the output. In fact, the flow of information is divided into small pieces, each of which is "smeared" throughout the frequency band. In this case, the code separation (CDMA) is used, due to which the data of several information flows without mutual interference can be transmitted simultaneously in the same spectrum. The advantages of DSSS are low transmission power in separate channels (even below noise level), which makes it difficult to detect, and high noise immunity, which makes it difficult to suppress. A typical example of such a civil system is WiFi (802.11b). The PPRC method (typical use in civilian systems - Bluetooth) is that the carrier frequency of signal transmission changes jumps to the pseudo-random order - that is, the signal simply jumps from the channel to the channel in the highlighted range from several times to tens of thousands of times per second. The sequence of "jumps" is known only by the receiver and transmitter. Such a signal is difficult to detect, because on a separate channel it looks easy as a short-term increase in noise level, it is difficult to intercept - for this you need to know the pseudo-random sequence of transition between channels, and it is difficult to suppress - you need to know the set of channels. And the suppression is the harder, the more jumps in a second uses the transmitter.
It should not be thought that Reb is unheated "Everything in a row" - it would be very inefficient from an energy point of view. "The power of the noise signal is limited, and if it is possible to distribute it throughout the spectrum, then at the work of a modern communication system that operates the SPRC signals, it will not affect anywhere," says the head of the Test-Methodological Department of the Inter-Width Center for the preparation and combat use of the Rab Troops Anatoly Mikhailovich Balyukov. - Our task includes detection, signal analysis and literally "point" suppression - precisely on those channels between which he jumps, and no longer on any. Therefore, the widespread is that during the operation of the RES system, no connection will work - no more than delusion. Only those systems that need to be supplied will not work.
John Boyd began his career as the pilot of the US Air Force in 1944, and at the beginning Korean War He became an instructor, deserving the nickname "Soroksekund Boyd", because none of the cadets could hold out against him in a training year longer than this time. But it is more famous not as a pilot-speaker, but as one of the largest strategists of the late XX century. After the development of the air combat theory, which was based on the substantiation of the creation of aircraft F-15, F-16 and F / A-18, he took up the issues of the strategy, and came up with the OODA cycle, later included under the name "Loop Boyd" in the military (as well as Business) doctrines of many countries of the world. This cycle consists of four stages: OBSERVE (Observation), Orient (orientation), Decide (Solution) and ACT (Action) (in Russian sources is called Nord, the military sometimes use alternative stage names - detection, identification, targeting, defeat). Boyd believed that the evolution of any system, in the form of which any military (and not only) actions can be represented, represents multiple repetitions of this cycle, and subsequent cycles are adjusted by feedback and adapt under the conditions ambient. The frequency of repetition of such cycles is crucial in competition competition. And over time, this frequency is growing. If the characteristic time, say, the three first stages (OOD) of the cycle during the Second World War was the days, then in the Persian Gulf in 1991 - the clock, and in the future of the future it will occupy a split of a second. Having accelerating the performance of their loop of the Boyd or increasing the accuracy of the decisions compared to the enemy's loop, you can increasing the scales in your favor. Or slowing down (with the help of Rab) the back of the opponent ...
War of Future
In the 1990s, the military in different countries Mira spoke about the new concept of fighting - the Sectocentric War. Its practical implementation has become possible due to rapid development. information technologies. "The sectocentric war is based on the creation of a special communication network that combines all units on the battlefield. More precisely, global satellite groups are in the battle space, since global satellite groups are elements, "explains Anatoly Mikhailovich Baliukov. - The United States has made a serious bet on the sectorrical war and actively runs its elements in local wars Starting from the mid-1990s - from the reconnaissance and shock UAVs to the field terminals in every fighter receiving data from a single network.
This approach, of course, makes it possible to achieve a much higher combat efficiency due to a serious reduction in the loop of the Boyd. Now we are not talking about the days, not about hours and not even minutes, but literally about real time - and even the frequency of individual stages of the loops in the dozens of hertz. It sounds impressive, but ... all these characteristics are provided by communication systems. It suffices to deteriorate the characteristics of communication systems, at least partially suppressing them, and the frequency of the loop of the Boyd will decrease, which will lead to an affect. Thus, the entire concept of a sectocentric war is tied to a communication system. Without communication, the coordination between the elements of the network is partially violated; there is no navigation, there is no identification of "your alien", there are no marks about the arrangement of troops, the divisions become "blind", automated systems fire management do not receive signals from the guidance systems, and use many species modern weapons In manual mode, it is not possible. Therefore, in the Seacentric War, it was the Rabs that will play one of the leading roles, repeating the ether from the opponent. "
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