Russia is actively developing and producing electronic security equipment (EW) designed to combat combat control systems. Electronic warfare systems suppress and disable electronic means of command and control of troops and weapons. In our country, the creation of electronic warfare is engaged in 18 enterprises that are part of the Concern "Radioelectronic Technologies" (KRET).
Systems electronic warfare are the technical basis for conducting information warfare. They neutralize control systems by suppressing, disabling and destroying radio-electronic means. Electronic warfare systems are used in the sky, on earth and in space.
KRET was established in early 2009 for the development and production of aviation, land and sea radioelectronic complexes, as well as military and civilian systems. It is part of the Rostec State Corporation, which owns 100% of the concern's shares.
TYPES OF RADIO ELECTRONIC FIGHTING SYSTEMS
Electronic warfare systems can be divided into several groups. These are means of suppression (REP), means of protection (REZ) and reconnaissance means (RER).
The means of electronic warfare create active and passive interference, use false targets and traps to disrupt the operation of electronic systems and equipment.
The means of REZ eliminate or weaken the impact on their radio-electronic objects of means of radio-electronic destruction, and also protect radio-electronic reconnaissance from unintentional mutual radio interference.
RER means are designed to collect intelligence information by receiving and analyzing electromagnetic radiation.
The use of all means of electronic warfare increases efficiency and increases survivability military equipment... The main buyer and customer of electronic warfare systems produced by the KRET concern is the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.
EW SYSTEMS PRODUCED BY KRET CONCERN
In accordance with the decree of the President of the country, by 2020 in Russian army there must be at least 70% of new generation equipment. In 2013, the Ministry of Defense adopted seven unique electronic warfare systems produced at KRET enterprises.
The MOSCOW-1 electronic reconnaissance and control station is designed to scan the airspace. Having found equipment equipped with radio elements, the station transmits the received data to electronic warfare, air defense and air forces to neutralize targets. Unlike conventional radars, "Moscow-1" operates in passive radar mode - it catches the target's own radiation, while remaining invisible to the enemy.
Within the framework of the state order for 2013, 10 multifunctional jamming systems "Krasukha-4" were delivered to the Ministry of Defense. The system is manufactured by the Bryansk Electromechanical Plant (BEMZ). This complex is capable of completely covering areas of land several hundred kilometers away from radar detection, suppressing the action of enemy aviation radars and communications equipment.
KRET also supplied the RF Armed Forces with more than 10 multifunctional jamming stations "RTUT-BM". They are designed to protect personnel and equipment from being hit by artillery shells and rockets equipped with radio fuses. "Mercury-BM" was developed by the All-Russian Research Institute "Gradient".
In addition, several unique aviation complexes"PRESIDENT-S" and active jamming station SP-14 / SAP-518. These systems interfere with aircraft homing missile systems, causing the fired missiles to deviate from their intended target. "President-S" was developed and released by the Scientific Research Institute "Ekran". The complex is designed to protect helicopters, military transport aircraft.
The means of electronic protection called "AVTOBAZA" was developed by the VNII "Gradient" and produced by the Novgorod NPO "Kvant". The complex is designed for passive detection of emitting radar systems and transmission to an automated control center of the coordinates of operating radars, their class and frequency range numbers. Several such complexes are currently in service with the Russian army.
PLANS AND NEW DEVELOPMENTS
The SAP-14 / SAP-518 stations provide protection for the Su-34 generation 4+ fighter-bomber, the Su-35S generation 4 ++ super-maneuverable multi-role fighter, and the Su-27SM fourth-generation multi-purpose highly maneuverable all-weather fighter. Universal devices are manufactured by the Kaluga Radio Engineering Research Institute (KNIRTI).
A means of electronic protection called "AVTOBAZA" was developed by the VNII "Gradient" and released by the Novgorod NPO Kvant. The complex is designed for passive detection of emitting radar systems and transmission to an automated control center of the coordinates of operating radars, their class and frequency range numbers. Several such complexes are currently in service with the Russian army.
PLANS AND NEW DEVELOPMENTS
KRET enterprises are constantly working on new electronic warfare systems. 12 aircraft and ground systems are under development. In particular, by order of the Ministry of Defense, development work is being carried out to create a unique complex "KHIBINY-U".
The Russian military-industrial complex very successfully demonstrated its latest technical innovations at the Army-2017 exhibition held in August. At this international forum, held in the Moscow region, hundreds of samples of land, air and sea-based equipment were presented, and hundreds of thousands of guests visited it. This highly publicized event culminated in Russia signing contracts for total amount almost 170 billion rubles (three billion dollars). The most important achievements of the Russian defense industry include the supply of the latest electronic warfare systems to the troops, such as Vitebsk, Krasukha and Moscow.
The Russian online daily Svobodnaya Pressa published an analytical article on the capabilities of Russian electronic warfare as of today, highlighting the Zapad 2017 military exercises and NATO concerns about this. The article notes that the qualitative superiority of Russia over the West in electronic warfare means is also quantitative, since for last decade state tests and more than a dozen new systems have been tested. These include Borisoglebsk-2, Algurit, Rtut-BM, Infauna, Krasukha-4, Moscow-1, Parodist, Lorandit-M, Leer-3 , "Lesochek", "Less", "Magnesium-REB", "Pole-21", "Khibiny" and "Vitebsk". Among them there are complexes designed for action at a short distance. These are systems that protect aircraft, ships and personnel in a limited combat area. There are also means to neutralize fuses in improvised explosive devices and other devices. This list also includes powerful systems with a large coverage area, such as Krasukha-4 and Moscow-1. Further in the article, it is noted that the last two systems are built on principles that were not previously used in radio engineering. To suppress radio signals in their entire spectrum, now it is not required a large set of radiating antennas and huge powers to create power interference. Modern means detection and processing allow you to get an exact copy of the signals. And you can form your own analogous signal by changing the parameters in its structure necessary for counteraction. A false signal in such a distorted form is returned to the enemy. This counteraction is called “non-energy interference”.
According to Svobodnaya Pressa, the Moscow-1 complex, developed by KRET (Radioelectronic Technologies Concern), belongs to the means of electronic intelligence. It collects within a radius of 400 kilometers information about sources of electromagnetic radiation, which include aircraft, missile homing heads, radars of mobile and stationary air defense systems, radio transmitters and other objects emitting radio waves. At the same time, the analysis of signals, direction finding and classification of their sources is carried out. In the event of a massive attack against the enemy, the collected information is transmitted to nine electronic warfare systems, which should "blind" the targets, generating interference, as well as to Russian air defense units. The publication notes that all the specifics regarding the characteristics and technical details of the operation of electronic warfare systems are classified information. However, with the help of "Moscow-1" in the event of a massive enemy attack, it is possible to obtain information on all objects necessary for their detection, recognition of types, tracking and target designation for each target. This information is extremely useful for electronic warfare systems, since they receive information about the type of enemy equipment and how to optimally suppress the work of their electronics.
Context
The main thing is to destroy American satellites
The National Interest 05/15/2017The military lessons of Donbass from the American point of view
Inosmi 13.09.2017The American army is not ready to fight the Russians in Europe
Politico 09/04/2017The data from Moskva-1 is also useful for anti-aircraft missile systems, including the S-400, which has the same target detection range as Moskva-1. The publication notes that in the event of an enemy attack, the S-400 radar sees just a certain "object", determining its speed, direction of flight and tracking its movements. Moscow-1, in contrast to it, reports what it is - a rocket or an airplane, and of what type. This facilitates interception. Until recently, it was impossible to place such a complex with such serious capabilities on a three-wheeled chassis. The breakthrough came as a result of the transition from analog to digital technology. At the same time, the power of the computer, which processes the information taken from the antennas in large volumes, has also significantly increased. The increase in computing performance has led to the fact that it became possible to use new, more advanced data processing algorithms.
Further, Svobodnaya Pressa says that the Krasukha-4 complex, also built on a digital element base, is designed to cover command posts, groupings of troops, industrial and administrative facilities from enemy attacks. The complex suppresses the functioning of stationary and mobile objects, the operation of which is provided by electronics, acting with the help of interferences, called by the publication "intelligent". The fact is that the complex can distinguish its signals from the signals of the enemy in the area of its action. The complex is capable of "dazzling" not only enemy fighters or bombers, but also ground-based radars, AWACS aircraft and even spy satellites, since the "Krasukha" range (both horizontally and vertically) reaches 300 kilometers. The complex also copes with enemy drones, as well as with unmanned systems. The article points out that the complexity of the complex "is evidenced by the time spent on its creation." Work began in 1995, and the complex was put into service only in 2012. In the final version, the complex turned out to be quite compact, since it is located on two wheeled chassis, which makes it easier to transport.
In 2015, the Krasukha-4 complex was deployed in Syria at the Russian military base Khmeimim. During the strike on the airfield Syrian army With Tomahawk missiles fired from an American destroyer, there were reports in the media that it was the Krasukha that took some of the missiles away from the target. Critics categorically disagree with this assessment, since the Tomahawks have a homing head, not a radar, but an optoelectronic one with a high-resolution matrix. But it has electronic components that could be influenced by "Krasuha". The complex has repeatedly participated in exercises, repelling air attacks of a simulated enemy. At the same time, front-line bombers Su-24 and completely new Su-34, finding themselves in the zone of operation of the "Krasukha", could not detect targets and returned to the bases without completing their assigned tasks.
The third sample mentioned in the article is onboard complex defense "Vitebsk", designed to protect Mi-8 helicopters from the fire of portable anti-aircraft missile systems. In addition, it can be used in attack aircraft and attack helicopters when striking ground targets when they fly at low altitudes, being endangered by Stinger missiles. Vitebsk includes an infrared and ultraviolet missile launch direction finder, laser and radar radiation detection equipment, an optical-electronic suppression station, an active radar jamming station and a decoys ejection device. “In other words,” says Svobodnaya Pressa, “it provides protection against all types of interference - radar (both active and passive), thermal, laser and optoelectronic”.
The Russian military is also working on the creation of other electronic warfare systems capable of performing fast and effective action against Western unmanned systems, which are constantly being improved. One such new complex is called "Repellent". It is designed to detect and jam unmanned aerial vehicles at a distance of up to 35 kilometers. Russian designers claim that "Repellent" is capable of detecting miniature drones day and night, in bad weather, and "to act even in the harshest Arctic conditions at temperatures of minus 45 degrees and strong winds." To achieve maximum efficiency in the fight against swarms of miniature drones (namely, American military designers focused on such technologies), a portable version of the complex will also be developed, which can be carried and quickly deployed by several people.
The development and adoption of such a wide variety of electronic warfare systems does not bode well for the American and NATO military, who have been expressing concern about the success of the Russians for several years. In 2016, U.S. Air Force General Breedlove admitted that the Pentagon had neglected electronic warfare for the past two decades, giving the Kremlin an edge in this area. The commander of the US Army Europe, Lieutenant General Ben Hodges, said the Russian success in electronic warfare in Syria was "incredible." In 2015, as Russia stepped up its hostilities in Syria, Lieutenant General Edward Cardon said the United States "is not moving forward (in developing electronic warfare) at a fast enough pace as emerging threats require." In the same year, it became clear to the American military that Russia, thanks to its investments in electronic warfare, could surpass everything that is available in the West. And Colonel Jeffrey Church, head of electronic warfare in the US ground forces, noted that the Russian army has entire companies, battalions and brigades performing electronic warfare tasks and having special equipment and combat control systems.
But in 2017, the US military began to make efforts to ensure that the US military received the necessary equipment and capabilities to counter Russian advances. The Department of Defense is currently considering the issue of separating the electromagnetic spectrum into a separate area of warfare - like air, sea and land. Ground forces are demanding that their long-range drones be equipped with electronic warfare equipment. It should be noted that one of the next successes of Russian developers was the creation of a multifunctional unmanned complex medium-range "Orlan-10", included in the complex electronic warfare "Leer-3" and providing suppression cellular... There is no doubt that the United States is closely monitoring this system as it is applied in eastern Ukraine and Syria. Now in the United States, great efforts are being made in the right direction, but the huge variety of Russian electronic warfare systems and their modern characteristics can create serious danger US and NATO forces, because, as mentioned above, they do not pay enough attention to this problem and allocate insufficient funds to solve it. After the Russians had run-in their electronic warfare equipment in Syria and their possible application in Ukraine, Western observers had another opportunity to see what their military might face - at the Zapad-2017 exercise.
Observing the use of Russian electronic warfare systems will significantly help the United States develop appropriate counter and attack principles. Svobodnaya Pressa refers to military theorists who have calculated that electronic warfare means can increase the combat potential of ground forces by up to two times and reduce aviation losses by up to six times. The stakes are very high, and therefore the arms race in the field of electronic warfare will only intensify in the coming years.
Samuel Bendett is a Research Fellow at CNA Corporation writing for the RealClearWorld.com blog. He previously worked at the National Defense University, focusing on disruptive emerging technologies and their use in crisis situations.
InoSMI materials contain assessments exclusively of foreign mass media and do not reflect the position of the InoSMI editorial board.
The world's best electronic warfare systems are more modern than modern ones May 4th, 2018
It's amazing how quickly everything is changing in the field of Russian military electronics, electronic warfare and similar means in the Russian army. Some time ago, it was only said that in Russia they use only the groundwork accumulated in the Soviet Union. But look, it would seem only four years ago, at the same time they wrote a lot about "Khibiny".
And now these unique electronic warfare systems are being changed in the troops for new and more modern ones. The details are amazing ...
The electronic warfare (EW) troops received a multifunctional transformer station. Mobile complexes "Divnomorye" suppress radars and other onboard electronic systems of aircraft, helicopters and drones. The station also creates powerful jamming for "flying radars" - E-3 AWACS, E-2 Hawkeye and E-8 JSTAR. Depending on the target, the system chooses the type of jamming and the method of setting them up, so in the army it received the nickname "transformer station". According to experts, the novelty will bring Russian troops Electronic warfare to a new technological level.
As the Defense Ministry told Izvestia, the first electronic warfare systems Divnomorye will enter the troops this year. They have already been tested and tested. Now specialists are being trained to work on the new equipment.
The new complex is capable of blocking objects from radar detection in an area of several hundred kilometers with an "umbrella" of interference. This is enough to reliably cover command posts, groupings of troops, air defense systems, important industrial and administrative-political facilities. The station effectively counteracts air and ground detection systems. The novelty can "hammer" with powerful interference the equipment of several radar aircraft at a distance of several hundred kilometers. It is also capable of effectively targeting spy satellites.
It is planned that "Divnomorye" will replace three electronic warfare systems in the troops at once: "Moscow", "Krasukha-2" and "Krasukha-4". It is noteworthy that these systems began to arrive in units and divisions only five years ago, in 2013.
- "Moskva", "Krasukha-2" and "Krasukha-4" are the so-called C complexes, that is, aircraft. They are designed to combat aircraft radars, as well as communication and information transmission systems, - Dmitry Kornev, editor-in-chief of the Militaryrussia Internet project, told Izvestia. - In fact, these stations form a single complex. "Moscow" detects the enemy, determines the type and characteristics of his electronic equipment. This data is transferred to other systems. "Krasuha-2" is responsible for the fight against early warning aircraft. Therefore, it is equipped with a huge parabolic antenna. "Krasuha-4" interferes with other types of aircraft.
"Divnomorye" is at the same time high-tech command post, an electronic reconnaissance station and a powerful means of suppression. The complex includes only one vehicle on an all-terrain chassis. The system is deployed into a combat position in just a few minutes. This makes her highly mobile and practically invulnerable. The complex covertly moves to an advantageous position, performs a combat mission and imperceptibly escapes from the blow.
The main advantage of Divnomorye is full automation. When a target is detected, the system independently analyzes the signal and determines its type, direction and radiation power. Based on these data, performance characteristics object. After that, the automation draws up a suppression plan and independently selects the most effective type of interference. Then the system affects the enemy's radar with powerful noise radiation.
The creation of universal and robotic means is the main main direction of the development of Russian electronic warfare troops, noted military historian Dmitry Boltenkov.
- "Divnomorye" brings domestic means of electronic warfare to a new technological level, - said the expert. - The complex is capable of suppressing a wide range of targets with minimal human participation and acting autonomously.
Today Russia is considered one of the leading powers in terms of the level of development of electronic warfare systems. Until 2020, it is planned to update the equipment in the electronic warfare troops by more than two-thirds.
Bomber Aviation Regiment of the Western Military District (ZVO), stationed in Voronezh region, received improved complexes "Khibiny" for modernization.
As a result of the modernization, the capabilities of the electronic warfare (EW) equipment of the multifunctional front-line bomber Su-34. The new complex made it possible to increase the capabilities of the front-line aviation of the Western Military District by installing an additional special container on the aircraft.
The previous generation Khibiny electronic warfare systems were intended only to protect the bomber itself; now they have acquired the ability to group aircraft protection.
Also, the crews of the Su-34 will be able to automatically interact with ground inter-service groupings of troops and other flying vehicles - airplanes and drones.
Modern experience combat use aircraft equipped with a new generation of electronic warfare systems, will expand the combat potential of the aircraft and optimize the work of units in the conduct of maneuverable air battles. Also, improved electronic warfare systems "Khibiny" will increase the survivability of the crew of the Su-34 bombers due to the possibility of interference-free long-range launches, the press service of the Western Military District reports.
sources
The strategic planning of military operations is carried out by the army headquarters on the basis of several fundamental premises. These include the awareness of the command about the operational situation and the smooth exchange of information. If any of these two criteria are not met, even the most powerful army in the world, armed with a huge number modern technology and manned by elite soldiers, it turns into a helpless crowd laden with heaps of scrap metal. The receipt and transmission of information is currently carried out by means of reconnaissance, detection and communication. Every strategist dreams of disabling the enemy's radar station and destroying his communications. This can be done by means and methods of electronic warfare (EW).
Early electronic countermeasures
As soon as electronics appeared, they began to be used by the defense departments. The advantages of wireless communication invented by Popov were instantly appreciated by the Imperial Russian Navy. During the First World War, broadcast reception and transmission of information became commonplace. At the same time, the first methods of electronic warfare appeared, still timid and not very effective. To create interference, airplanes and airships dropped from a height cut aluminum foil, which obstructed the passage of radio waves. Of course, this method had many disadvantages, it did not work for long and did not completely overlap. In 1914-1918, another important method of electronic warfare became widespread, which is also common in our time. The tasks of the signalmen and scouts included the interception of the enemy's air communications. They learned to encrypt information very quickly, but even an assessment of the degree of radio traffic intensity allowed staff analysts to judge a lot.
The role of information in WWII
After the outbreak of World War II, electronic warfare entered a new phase of development. Power submarines and the aviation of Hitlerite Germany required an effective confrontation. In Britain and the United States, countries faced with the problem of the security of Atlantic communications, serious work has begun on the creation of early warning systems for surface and air targets, in particular, bombers and FAU missiles. The question of the possibility of decrypting the messages of German submariners was also acute. Despite the impressive work of mathematical analysts and the presence of some achievements, electronic warfare became effective only after the capture of the (accidental) secret Engim machine. Research in the field of disinformation and interruption of the information structure of Germany during the Second World War did not acquire real value, but experience accumulated.
Army as a living organism
During the Cold War, electronic warfare means began to take shape, close to the modern idea of them. The armed forces, if we liken them to a living organism, have sense organs, a brain and power organs that directly carry out a fire effect on the enemy. The "ears" and "eyes" of the army are means of observation, detection and recognition of objects capable of posing a threat to the security of a tactical or strategic level. The brain function is performed by the headquarters. From it, along the delicate "nerves" of communication channels, the military units receive orders that are binding. To protect all of this complex system various measures are being taken, but it remains vulnerable. First, the enemy always seeks to disrupt control by destroying headquarters. Its second purpose is to hit the funds information support(radar and early warning posts). Thirdly, if communication channels are broken, the control system loses its functionality. Modern system Electronic warfare goes beyond these three tasks and often works much more difficult.
Defense asymmetry
It is no secret that the military man in terms of money is many times superior to the Russian one. To successfully confront a possible threat, our country has to take asymmetric measures, providing an adequate level of security with less costly means. The effectiveness of protective equipment is determined by high-tech solutions that create technical conditions for causing the greatest damage to the aggressor by concentrating efforts on his vulnerable areas.
In the Russian Federation, one of the leading organizations involved in the development of electronic warfare equipment is KRET (Concern "Radioelectronic Technologies"). A certain philosophical concept serves as the basis for creating means of suppressing the activity of a potential adversary. For the system to function successfully, it must determine the priority areas of work at various stages of the development of a military conflict.
What is non-energy interference
On the the present stage the creation of a universal interference that completely excludes information exchange is practically impossible. A much more effective countermeasure can be the interception of the signal, its decoding and transmission to the enemy in a distorted form. Such a system creates an effect that has received the name of “non-energy interference” by specialists. Its action can lead to a complete disorganization of the management of hostile armed forces, and, as a consequence, to their complete defeat. This method, according to some reports, has already been used in the course of the Middle East conflicts, but in the late sixties and early seventies, the elemental base of electronic warfare equipment did not allow achieving high efficiency. Intervention in the enemy control process was carried out "in manual mode". Available today Russian units electronic warfare is digital technology.
Tactical equipment
In addition to strategic issues, the troops on the front line are forced to solve tactical tasks. Aircraft must fly over enemy positions protected by air defense systems. Is it possible to provide them with unhindered passage over the defensive lines? An episode that took place during a naval exercise in the Black Sea (April 2014) practically proves that modern Russian electronic warfare systems provide a high probability of aircraft invulnerability, even if their characteristics today are no longer among the most progressive.
The Department of Defense has modestly refrained from commenting, but the American reaction is telling. The usual - under conditions of maneuvers - overflight of the Donald Cook by an unarmed Su-24 bomber led to the failure of all guidance equipment. This is how the Khibiny small-sized electronic warfare system operates.
Complex "Khibiny"
Named for a mountain range, this system is externally a cylindrical container suspended from a standard military aircraft pylon. The idea of creating a means of information countermeasures arose in the second half of the seventies. KNIRTI (Kaluga Scientific Research Radio Engineering Institute) received defense topics. The electronic warfare complex conceptually consisted of two blocks, one of which ("Proran") was responsible for reconnaissance functions, and the other ("Regatta") exposed active interference. The work was successfully completed in 1980.
The modules were intended for installation on the front-line fighter Su-27. The Russian electronic warfare complex "Khibiny" is the result of combining the functions of both units and ensuring their coordinated work together with the onboard equipment of the aircraft.
The purpose of the complex
The L-175V device ("Khibiny") is designed to perform several functions, summarized as electronic suppression of enemy air defense assets.
The first task that he had to solve in combat conditions was to track the sounding signal of the radiation source. The received signal is then distorted to make it difficult to detect the carrier aircraft. In addition, the device creates conditions for the appearance of false targets on the radar screen, complicates the determination of range and coordinates, and degrades other recognition indicators.
The problems faced by enemy air defense systems are becoming so large-scale that there is no need to talk about the effectiveness of their work.
Modernization of the complex "Khibiny"
During the time that has passed since the adoption of the L-175V product, the scheme of the device has undergone numerous changes, aimed at increasing the technical parameters and reducing the weight and size. Improvement continues today, the subtleties are kept secret, but it is known that the latest electronic warfare system can provide group protection of aircraft from the effects of anti-aircraft missile systems of a potential enemy, both existing today and promising. The modular design assumes the ability to build up power and information capabilities, depending on the requirements of the tactical situation. When developing the device, not only was it taken into account state of the art air defense systems of a potential enemy, but also anticipating the possibilities of their development in the near future (for the period up to 2025).
Mysterious "Krasuha"
The electronic warfare troops of the Russian Federation have recently received four mobile electronic warfare systems "Krasukha-4". They are secret, despite the fact that ground stationary systems of a similar purpose "Krasukha-2" are already in operation in military units since 2009.
It is known that mobile systems were created by the Rostov Research Institute "Gradient", manufactured by the Nizhny Novgorod Scientific and Production Association "Quant" and mounted on the BAZ-6910-022 chassis (four-axle, all-terrain). According to its principle of operation, the newest Russian electronic warfare complex "Krasukha" is an active-passive system that combines the capabilities of re-radiation of electromagnetic fields generated by early warning antennas (including AWACS) and the creation of active directional interference. The lack of technical details did not prevent the media from leaking information about the tremendous capabilities of the electronic warfare system, the work of which "drives crazy" the control systems and missile guidance units of a potential enemy.
What is hidden behind a veil of mystery
For obvious reasons, information about technical characteristics the latest Russian electronic countermeasures systems are kept secret. Other countries are also in no hurry to share secrets in the field of such developments, which, of course, are underway. However, it is still possible to judge the degree of combat readiness of a particular defense technology by indirect signs. Unlike nuclear strategic missiles, the effectiveness of the use of which is better only to guess and make a speculative analysis, EW equipment can be tested in conditions that are closest to combat ones, and even in relation to quite real ones, albeit likely opponents as it happened in April 2014. So far, there is reason to believe that the Russian electronic warfare troops will not fail if something happens.
Electronic warfare (EW) technologies celebrated 111 years in 2015. The first new type of military confrontation was used by the Russian troops in the war with Japan at the beginning of the twentieth century. This revolutionary fact was simply not noticed then, few people know about it even now. But it was in our country that the military-technical direction was born, which becomes decisive in the wars of the 21st century.
2 (15) April 1904 during Russo-Japanese War the first violation of enemy radio communications was carried out. Russian military engineers were able to carry out radio interception of communications between Japanese warships and a coastal observation station, correcting firing. But then radio communication was taking its first steps and was just being mastered in the most advanced armies. The Japanese army and especially the navy were very modern at the beginning of the twentieth century. While actively introducing radio communications into their fleet, the Japanese had no idea that such communications could be intercepted, listened to, and even disrupted. However, the Russians did it.
Of the 60 large-caliber shells fired by Japanese ships towards Port Arthur, none of them reached the target. Without a doubt, this date can be considered the beginning of the use of electronic warfare not only in Russia, but also in the world.
With the development of technologies, the possibilities of radio interference and radio intelligence increased, the means and methods of electronic warfare were improved. New methods of suppressing, disrupting and intercepting radio communications began to be actively used during the First World War by all the belligerents. During the Second World War, electronic warfare was used even more intensively.
Today, electronic warfare is one of the critical species ensuring combat operations. Electronic warfare includes a wide range of measures to detect radio-electronic objects and enemy weapons, suppress them, protect their electronic systems and various types of troops, aviation and the Russian Navy from being hit by high-precision weapons.
Electronic warfare complexes and systems, which are being developed in our country by the "Radioelectronic Technologies" concern, are recognized as one of the most efficient in the world. Worthy heirs of Russian military engineers of the early twentieth century can be congratulated on their professional birthday. Perhaps April 15 will someday be included in the calendar of memorable military dates and will become a professional holiday.
Surprise for the enemy
Secret Russian systems cause enemy shells and missiles to explode on approach to the target or alter the flight trajectory altogether
Tank destroyer "Javelin"
In the West, they have succeeded in creating high-precision strike systems. Indeed, winged "Tomahawks", launched, for example, from warships somewhere in the Mediterranean Sea or Indian Ocean flying thousands of kilometers, find their targets in Afghanistan, the Balkans, Iraq and hit the target with an accuracy of a meter. Throughout the flight, they are guided by the "smart" electronics of the guidance head, which keeps constant communication with the AWACS long-range radar patrol aircraft and satellite constellations. Such a rocket cannot miss. And her blow is crushing for the enemy.
Once upon a time, infantry on the battlefield suffered heavy losses from being hit by shrapnel shells. Then the infantry began to actively maneuver, took cover behind the armor, and the effectiveness of the shrapnel dropped sharply. But now there is a reincarnation of old ammunition.
In shells stuffed with shrapnel and arrows, electronic devices are inserted that detonate not just above the trench, but precisely in the place where the unprotected manpower is currently concentrated. And the Javelin anti-tank guided missile, flying up to the target, makes a maneuver, as a result of which the blow falls not just on the tank, but on the cover of the turret hatch.
It would seem that there is no salvation. But, as our defense specialists say, we will find ... well, in general, a worthy answer to any cunning contraption.
Caution: "Mercury"
Imagine a picture: in the sky - a combat Ka-52, MANPADS "Igla" or "Stinger" hitting the helicopter from the ground. The defeat of the target seems to be inevitable, but when approaching, the rocket suddenly changes direction and goes to the side. The reason is that a system is installed on board the helicopter, which forms a kind of impenetrable dome around it, which cannot be overcome by enemy means of attack. The name of this system is “Vitebsk”.
Equally surprising is the Lever complex, which is also installed on board helicopters. He is able to "blind" the enemy at a distance of hundreds of kilometers, creating an invisible shield around our equipment on the ground.
And here is another means of protection, until recently strictly classified. This is the Rtut-BM electronic warfare complex. The last two letters mean that it is placed on a combat vehicle. It can be a car, armored personnel carrier or the widely used MTLB armored artillery tractor.
The essence of the protection is as follows. The vehicle with the "Mercury" complex is installed in the place where the enemy's artillery and missile strike is likely. The front line of the defense is covered with a kind of cloud of radio-electronic radiation. There is one more subtlety. If the electronic warfare systems are on, then they themselves unmask the covered positions with their radiation. But "Mercury" turns on at the moment of an artillery attack for milliseconds. The electronics of the domestic system, by the way, developed almost instantly determines the operating frequency of the enemy radio fuse.
Interference, emitted within a fraction of a second, nevertheless creates a signal that provides such an impact on the radio fuse that it is triggered ahead of time. The same "Javelin", the cost of which is 30 thousand dollars, having fallen into the zone of action of "Mercury", loses all its "mind" and flies along an uncontrollable trajectory - where the curve will take. The enemy's radio control systems simply do not have time to "grab" and somehow fend off the work of "Mercury". In addition, the complex is mobile and changes its positions very quickly. And it takes no more than 10 minutes to deploy it. During operation, one electronic warfare machine "Rtut-BM" can protect troops on an area of 20 to 50 hectares. One car is served by only two people.
According to the Concern "Radioelectronic Technologies", where these complexes are developed and produced, the need of the Russian Armed Forces for "Mercury-BM" is estimated at 100 vehicles.
Video of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.
Electronic warfare system "Avtobaza" on guard
One might argue that everything is smooth on paper. But when it comes to real application ... So, domestic electronic warfare systems for past year checked in at least twice.
On March 13, 2014, an American-made MQ-5B reconnaissance and strike drone was intercepted in the skies over Perekop. Judging by the side markings, he was part of the grouping of the 66th American brigade. military intelligence with its main headquarters in Bavaria.
In March 2014 American intelligence officers from this brigade were seen in the area of the Ukrainian Kirovograd. It was from there, according to experts, that the drones began to make reconnaissance raids in the direction of Crimea.
March 13 electronic warfare system with nothing self-explanatory name Avtobaza cut the connection between the drone and its operator, and then forced the drone to make an emergency landing on the territory of Crimea. After that, MQ-5B flights over the peninsula ceased. It is believed that even earlier, in 2011, the American secret RQ-170 Sentinel drone was successfully landed in Iran with the help of the same "Autobase".
In the spring of 2014, the American destroyer Donald Cook entered the Black Sea. A Su-24 flew past him, on board of which the Khibiny electronic warfare system was operating. And on the destroyer the entire control system went out of order, including blind and deaf anti-missile system Aegis. The crew was confused: the sailors did not understand how to further control the ship and what to do in general, when all the monitors went out. There was a panic on board ...
So not every Raptor with Tomahawks will fly to Russia at the ready, colliding with Avtobaza or Khibiny.
Electronic warfare complex "Krasukha"
The missile will not break through to the fighter. Combat aviation will be covered with an impenetrable field.
There is such a wonderful electronic warfare system as "Krasukha-2". It can blind and stun not only long-range radar surveillance aircraft of the AWACS type, but also the space component of the missile guidance systems of our enemies.
In 2015, the troops received two Krasukha-2 mobile complexes.
When meeting with "Krasukha-2" AWACS systems cease to understand where their own, where are strangers, and what needs to be controlled.
It is unlikely that in the world today there are worthy analogues of this "smartest" radio-electronic gun. If necessary, the complex can simply burn out all the electronic systems of an enemy aircraft, high-precision missile or low-orbit satellite. But this is in last resort... And so "Krasukha-2" is an expert in creating false images and literally "driving crazy" enemy strike systems.
Typically high precision rocket weapon is guided by means of constant radio exchange with the command post. In NATO, AWACS aircraft serve as such points, which, in turn, are locked into various satellite constellations. So, electronic warfare station with a pleasing name, as soon as AWACS enters its coverage area, it neatly integrates into all of its secure communication channels. And then it begins to carefully distort the signals transmitted and received by the flying command post.
As experts say, and this is, as it were, confirmed by tests, very quickly AWACS ceases to distinguish between where its own and where others are, and does not understand what, in fact, needs to be controlled. The result may well be an attack on their own military facilities, which suddenly appear to be absolutely hostile.
Small-sized automated radars "Garmon", of course, are not as impressive as the formidable electronic warfare systems, but they also fit well into an integrated air defense and air traffic control system. "Garmon" provides detection and tracking of various air objects, determination of their nationality, automatic issuance of route information to the complexes automated systems management. These complexes were successfully tested during the Olympic Games in Sochi. Now their serial production and delivery to the troops has begun.
EW complex "Krasukha" completely blinded fighters during the exercises of the Western Military District
During the exercise, the EW specialists distorted the navigation field, and a pair of Su-34s simulating a tactical strike by air-to-surface missiles were unable to detect targets and aim at them with airborne weapons.
Within the framework of tactical and special exercises separate brigade electronic warfare of the Western Military District protected the command and control system from missile strike bombers Su-34 of the mock enemy with the help of the mobile electronic warfare complex "Krasukha", said on Friday the head of the press service of the Western Military District, Colonel Oleg Kochetkov.
"As a result of jamming with the use of the equipment of the mobile electronic warfare complex" Krasukha ", the specialists of the electronic warfare distorted the navigation field and made the systems and means of guidance of the WTO" blind "in the preparation of an air strike"
He said.
As Kochetkov clarified, during the exercise, a pair of Su-34 fighter bombers, simulating a tactical strike by air-to-surface missiles on ground command and control points, were unable to detect targets and aim air destruction weapons at them.
In total, more than 250 servicemen and about 100 units of special equipment were involved in the exercises.
Developed by the Concern "Radioelectronic Technologies" (KRET, part of "Rostec") modern mobile electronic warfare systems "Krasukha-4" provide high-precision reconnaissance of electronic equipment for various purposes, analyze the type of emitted signal and effectively suppress enemy onboard radar stations, as a result of which it loses the ability to detect targets and direct weapons to them. The complex can be used to ensure the security of strategic facilities, including oil rigs, hydroelectric power plants, airports and railway stations... The detection range is over 300 kilometers. System deployment time - from 20 minutes. Operating temperature range, 0 С - from -40 to +50.
RIA News
Electronic warfare "Alabuga" will make the enemy's equipment useless
After field tests, Russian specialists began to eliminate errors and work to increase the power, accuracy and range of radiation from the "Alabuga" complex.
One of the so-called "jammers", bursting at an altitude of 200-300 meters, turns off electronic equipment within a radius of 3.5 kilometers - enemy units are left without communication, control and guidance, and the equipment can only be abandoned.
According to a number of publications referring to an unnamed specialist of the Rostec concern, the Alabuga warhead is a high-frequency generator electromagnetic field high power. The pulsed radiation that occurs when a rocket ruptures is similar to a nuclear explosion, but without a radioactive component.
- Field tests have shown the high efficiency of the unit - the main communication headsets are disabled, blinding and stunning the enemy. Units remain without any local electronic control systems, including weapons. The advantages of "non-lethal" damage are obvious - the enemy can only surrender, and the equipment becomes a trophy, - the expert explained.
The main problem of this type of pulsed electromagnetic weapon so far is the creation effective remedy delivery. For a charge with a large mass, a rocket is needed, which, due to its size, is vulnerable to air defense and missile defense systems.
Electromagnetic weapons cannot be called something "supernatural" for the Russian army. Back in the early 90s of the last century, specialists from the Research Institute of Radio Instrumentation (now a division of the Almaz-Antey concern) and the V.I. Ioffe presented an air defense project based on the effect of microwave radiation from the ground on air targets. Getting into local plasma formations, objects were destroyed due to huge dynamic overloads. The impact of such radiation was effective even against ICBMs.
A real-life prototype of electromagnetic weapons - the domestic Ranets-E complex - was presented at an exhibition in Malaysia in 2001. It provides guaranteed destruction of the electronics of a ground target, an aircraft or a guided projectile at a distance of up to 14 kilometers.
15 percent of the budget (more than three trillion rubles) of the state armaments program, calculated until 2020, is planned to be directed to attack and defense systems with sources of electromagnetic radiation. For comparison, the Pentagon intends to spend about 10 percent of its funds for the same purposes.
After "Alabuga" the enemy can only surrender or retreat, abandoning equipment.
Meanwhile
Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu, speaking at conference call, noted that one of the most important priorities of military development this year will be the rearmament of the Air Force with new equipment.
In addition to the latest combat aircraft, such as, for example, the Su-35 or MiG-35, the troops will also receive new electronic equipment. Moreover, many electronic systems recently seemed unattainably fantastic.
Recently indicative figures were given by the management of the concern "Radioelectronic Technologies" - the main developer of electronic systems for the army and the air force. Only newest complexes onboard radio-electronic equipment and measuring equipment were supplied to the troops last year in the amount of more than 36 billion rubles. And systems of electronic warfare in the amount of 17.1 billion. And, I must say, the Ministry of Defense spent a lot of money. All the samples obtained by the military are built on a domestic component base and are not inferior in their characteristics to foreign counterparts, and often surpass them.
For example, the complexes of the Vitebsk family provide reliable protection helicopters Ka-52 and attack aircraft Su-25 from all types of missiles with infrared homing heads. And these are the main means of destruction of portable anti-aircraft missile systems and air-to-air missiles. Our "Alligators" and "Rooks" carrying "Vitebsk" are not afraid of any "Stingers". The tests of modifications of this complex, which will provide protection even for heavy helicopters of the Mi-26 type and military transport aircraft, have been completed.
The powerful multifunctional anti-missile system "Khibiny" is no less interesting. It provides individual protection of aircraft from missile attacks by enemy fighters and ground-based air defense systems. This complex creates a kind of protective radio-electronic cloud around the aircraft, and even guided missiles lose their target and go to the side.
The "Lever-AV" electronic warfare systems are truly unique. They are used as part of drums aviation groups to ensure a breakthrough in almost any air defense system. These electronic warfare systems actively suppress the operation of all types of radar stations. And even the most modern American anti-aircraft missile system The Patriot becomes blind and helpless. The strike of the Russian air group with the "levers" of cover is irresistible.
The S-500 anti-aircraft missile systems will appear in 2017. The complexes, the development of which is in full swing, belong to a new generation of surface-to-air missile systems. The S-500 missile will have a radius of 600 km. The S-500 will repel not only air strikes, but also a ballistic missile strike. One complex will be able to detect and simultaneously hit up to 10 ballistic targets flying at speeds up to 7 km / s, and even shoot down hypersonic aircraft.
Prepared on the basis of materials: RIA Novosti, "Rossiyskaya Gazeta" - Week No. 6646 (75), Federal issue No. 6593 (22)
Photo: "RG", RIA Novosti - ria.ru
Overall material rating: 5
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