Rocket Iskander. Rocket complex "Iskander". "Iskander-M" (rocket complex): characteristics. Point of collecting, analyzing and preparing information

It is designed to defeat battle parts in the usual equipment of small-sized and space purposes in the depths of the operational construction of the enemy's troops.

Conditions for creating a complex

Operational Tactical Rocket Complex (Iskander) (Iskander-E "- Export," Iskander-M "- for the Russian Army) was created in the conditions of the Agreement on the Agreement on Middle and Low Rational missiles (RSMD) of 1987 and refusal nuclear on theaters of hostilities by opposing sides. In this regard, the complex was created taking into account such fundamentally new requirements for newly developed missile complexes, as: a refusal to use nuclear weapons and the use of combat units only in conventional equipment, ensuring high shooting accuracy, the control of the rocket on the entire (mostly part) of her trajectory Flight, the possibility of installing on the rocket of combat parts, taking into account the type of affected purposes, is a high degree of automation by the process of exchanging information and managing combat operation.
At the same time, the complex should be able to use these global satellite navigation systems (GLONASS, NAVStar), hit moving goals and stationary with a high degree of protection, have high firing performance, effectively overcome the emergence systems of the opponent's anti-airframe defense.

The new Russian PCC fully meets the above requirements, which showed its preliminary tests with combat launch missiles in June 2007. Thus, with the report of the President of the Russian Federation, Deputy Prime Minister S. Ivanov noted that the start of a new rocket was successful, and its deviation from the planned drop did not exceed one meter. This confirmed the control data received from various means of objective control.

The complex has been developed by cooperation of research institutes, KB and enterprises under the guidance of the Engineering Design Bureau (KBM, Kolomna). This KB is known as the creator of the "point" missile complexes, "point-y", "Oka", portable anti-aircraft complexes (type "Strela-2". "Strela-3", "needle") and other weapons.
The setting of the complex was developed by the CCB "Titan" (Volgograd), the reconciliation system of the rocket - the TsNII of the automation and hydraulics (Moscow).

Purpose

Mobile high-precision operational-tactical missile complex (OCC) is designed to defeat battle parts in conventional equipment of small-sized and areas in the depths of the operational construction of the enemy's troops.
As targets can be:
· Various means of firing lesions (rocket complexes, rocket systems of salvo flames, long-range artillery);
· Means of anti-missile and anti-heart defense;
· Airplanes and helicopters at airfields;
· Commands and communication nodes;
· The most important objects of civil infrastructure;
· Other important small-sized and areas in the enemy.
High mobility and small time of preparation for launching rockets provide secure training in the Iskander to combat use.

Structure

The main elements belonging to the Iskander PCC are: rocket, self-propelled launcher, a transporting machine, a regulatory and maintenance machine, a command and staffing machine, an information preparation point, a set of arsenal equipment, training facilities.

The missile rocket "Iskander" is a solid propelled, single-stage, with a head-boring head, controlled and vigorously maneuverized missile throughout the difficult-per-rotated path trajectory. It is especially actively maneuver on the starting and final sections of the flight, in which it approaches the target with high (20-30 units) overload. This determines the need for a flight of anticrafts for interception of the missile "Iskander" with overload 2-3 times greater, which is currently almost impossible.

Most of the flight trajectory of the Iskander complex, made according to the "Stealth" technology with a small reflective surface, takes place at an altitude of 50 km, which also significantly reduces the likelihood of its defeat of the adversary. The effect of "invisibility" is ensured by the set of structural features of the rocket and processing its surface with special coatings.

An inertial control system is used to derive a rocket to goal, which is subsequently captured by the autonomous correlation and extreme optical head of the homing (GSN). The principle of the rocket homing system is based on the formation of the optical equipment of the GOS image of the area in the area of \u200b\u200bthe target, which the onboard computer compares with the rocket introduced into it when preparing a missile to start the standard. Optical head of the homing is characterized by increased sensitivity and resistance to existing radio electronic combat facilities, which allows launching of missiles into moonless nights without additional natural backlight and affect the moving goal with an error plus-minus two meters. Currently, such a task, except for Iskander, cannot solve any other similar rocket system in the world.

It is characteristic that the optical homing system used does not need corrective signals of space radio navigation systems, which in crisis situations can be disabled with radio interfacing or simply turned off. The integrated use of an inertial control system with satellite navigation equipment and optical GSNs allowed to create a missile that affects the specified target in almost any possible conditions.

Mounted on the Rastet of Iskander, the head of the homing head can be installed on ballistic and winged rockets of various classes and types.

To defeat various types of objectives, the rocket can be equipped with ten types of combat parts (cassette BC with fragmentation combat elements of a non-contact undermining, cassette BC with cumulative combat elements, cassette BC with self-propelled combat elements, a cassette BC of a solid-detonating action, a fragantive-fugasal BC, Fugasno -rigative BC penetrating the larger depth of the BC). Cassette BC is disclosed at an altitude of 0.9-1.4 km, where the combat elements of various actions are separated from it and continue. They are equipped with radio protrusers providing their undermining at a height of 6-10 m above the goal.

The launching mass of the rocket is 3800 kg, the mass of the payload is 480 kg.

Self-propelled launcher (SPU) serves to store and transport two rockets, their pre-trap and start-up in the sector of ± 90 degrees relative to the direction of its locality. Autonomous SPU is placed on the wheel chassis 8x8 of increased passability (MAZ-79306 "Astrologer"), which ensures its high mobility.
To ensure the information exchange of SPA equipped with equipment of combat management and communication.

SPU provides automatic determination of its coordinates, data exchange with all control links, combat duty, storage and preparation of missiles to the launch when they are in a horizontal position, as well as their single and volley start. The time of finding SPU on the starting position from the start of the preparation until the start of the movement after starting the rocket does not exceed 20 minutes at the interval between the launches of the 1st and 2nd missiles not more than one minute.

For starting, missiles are not required specially trained in engineering and topogeodesic relationships. Starting rockets can be carried out in the "prepaid from march" mode - the starting unit takes the platform (except for the swampy terrain and bulk sand) from the march, the calculation without exiting the cabin conducts preparation and launch of the rocket. After starting Retakes SPU goes to the recharge point with new rockets and is ready to apply a re-missile strike from any starting position.

Full weight - 42 tons, payload - 19 t, movement speed on the highway (dirt road) 70 (40) km / h, fuel reserve - 1000 km. Calculation - 3 people.

The shipping machine (TSM) is intended for storing two missiles, transporting and charging the SPU. The TZM is placed on the MAZ-79306 chassis ("astrologer") and equipped with a crane. Full combat mass - 40000 kg, calculation - 2 people.

Command-staff machine (CSM) is designed to provide automated management of Iskander. It is unified for all control links and placed on the wheel chassis of the KAMAZ family. Using CSM in the Rocket Brigade Management Room, a missile division, the starting battery is ensured by the programs and their appropriate settings during operation. The information exchange between different elements of the complex can be carried out in open and closed modes.

Main characteristics: Number of automated jobs - 4, the maximum range of radio in the parking lot (on the march) - 350 (50) km, the setting time for missiles - up to 10 s, command transmission time - up to 15 s, the number of communication channels - up to 16 , Deployment time (coagulation) - up to 30 minutes, continuous operation time - 48 hours.
The Machine of Regulation and Maintenance (MRTO) is located on the KAMAZ family of car chassis and is designed to regulate the onboard equipment of rockets placed on TSM (as well as in containers), checking devices that are part of group kits zip elements of the complex and current repairs Rocket forces by the calculation of MRTO.

The mass of the machine is 13.5 tons, the deployment time does not exceed 20 minutes., The time of the automated cycle of the regulatory check of the rocket onboard equipment is 18 min., Calculation - 2 people.

The information preparation point (PPI) is intended to determine the coordinates of the goal, the preparation of the necessary information and bring it to the self-propelled start-up.

PPI has two automated jobs, ensures the definition of the goal coordinates and bring them to SPU during no more than 2 and 1 minute, respectively. It is capable of conducting continuous combat work for 16 hours.

The life support machine is designed to place combat calculations (in an amount of up to 8 people), their recreation and meals.

Features of the complex
CZDC "Iskander" was created using modern scientific and technical and design achievements in the development of operational-tactical missile systems. In the set of implemented technical solutions, high combat effectiveness today, it is a high-precision weapon of a new generation, which, according to its tactical and technical characteristics, surpasses the existing domestic missile systems "SCAD-B", Point-U, as well as foreign analogues of Lance, Atacms, Pluton other.

The main features of the Iskander type are:
· Highly accurate effective damage to various types of purposes;
· The possibility of securing combat duty, preparation for combat use and application of missile strikes;
· Automatic calculation and input of flight task for missiles when placing them on the starting unit;
· High probability of performing a combat problem in the conditions of active counteraction of the enemy;
· High operational reliability of the rocket and reliability of it when preparing for starting and in flight;
· High tactical maneuverability due to the placement of combat vehicles on car all-wheel drive chassis of high passability;
· High strategic mobility, which is ensured by the possibility of transporting combat vehicles with all types of transport, including aviation;
· High degree of automation of the process of combat management of rocket divisions;
· Fast processing and timely bringing reconnaissance information to the necessary control links;
· Long service life and ease of operation.

The missile complex "Iskander" in its tactical and technical characteristics fully complies with the requirements of the control of the non-proliferation of rocket technologies. It is "co-containment weapon" in local conflicts, and for countries with limited territory - strategic weapons. The structure of the complex, its control system, automated combat management and information support allow you to quickly respond to new requirements without a significant improvement of its combat facilities and, as a result, guarantee a long life cycle.

CZDC "Iskander" is integrated with various exploration and management systems. It is able to receive information on the target assigned to defeat from the satellite, an intelligence aircraft or an unmanned aircraft (type "Reis-D") to the information preparation point (PPI). It calculates the flight task for the rocket and the preparation of reference information for missiles is carried out. By radio channels, this information is broadcast to the command-staffing machines of the division and battery commanders, and from there - on starting installations. The teams on the start of rockets can come with CSM or from the departments of senior artillery bosses.

The placement on each SPU and the TZM of two missiles significantly increases the firing power of the rocket divisions, and the interval in one minute between the launch of rockets in various purposes provides high firing performance.
According to its effectiveness, taking into account the cumulative combat capacity, the Operative Tactical Rocket Complex "Iskander" is equivalent to a nuclear ammunition.

SS-26 "Iskander" is a rocket operational-tactical complex designed to eliminate the objectives of an area and small-sized type, which may be deep in the operational arrangement of the enemy's troops. The Operative Tactical Rocket Complex "Iskander" was destined to be created in the situation in which the agreement on missiles of small and medium-range 1987 was operating. In addition, there was a refusal to apply nuclear weapons in the war of opposing parties.

It was for this that "Iskander" and created, and considering the new requirements for them:

The use of combat part only in the presence of regular equipment;
Refusal to apply nuclear strikes;
Maintaining missiles in all their flight trajectories;
High accuracy of fire;
The probability of changing the combat units, taking into account the types of liquidated goals;
A high level of automation of all processes.

The number of "Iskander"

"Iskander" - a tactical missile complex - appeared in service since 2010. At that time, the military officer put six complexes. In the state program for arms procurement provided 120 "Iskander" until 2020. Since 2015, the Russian army has formed brigades in which there is a missile complex "Iskander-M".

Some information from the history of "Iskander"

"Iskander" were developed simultaneously from the help of several KB and institutions. Nevertheless, the head company was destined to become the Kolomna "KB of Mechanical Engineering". It is known by many legendary means, for example, "point-y", SPK "Needle" and "Arena", as well as many Soviet and Russian mortars.

The development of "Iskander" began yet S.P.Nepobedy, the legendary general designer. As a basis, he took a very successful RK "OKU" for that period. It is known that it was the "Oka" was the first in history that was able to pass through the coefficient of almost one, which ensured the high probability of defeating the goal. However, according to the 1987 agreement between the USSR and the United States destroyed. New developments were instructed to engage in Valery Kashin, the current General Designer and the head of the KB of Engineering.

KBM set a task: any goals, fixed or movable should be destroyed by the new complex. And this is the main requirement - the highest degree of passing about the defeat of the goal, but without nuclear charges.

The passage of pro was based on:

Maximum reduction of rocket scattering surface. Their contours became extremely streamlined and smooth;
The outer surfaces were treated with radio filtering specials;
The ability to quick and active maneuvering, as a result of which the "Iskander" trajectory is unpredictable and the interception of missiles is impossible.

No other constructed operational-tactical and tactical rockets on the planet do not have similar properties. In the process of developing designers, absolutely unique works were performed. This led to the revision of many concepts laid down in the preliminary sketches of the project.

After the February Decree of the Russian President of 1993, related to the development work on the "Commander of Iskander M", prepared a tactical and technical task. It indicated new approaches to the construction of complexes, as well as optimizing all solutions.

For this reason, "Iskander M" had to become a completely new complex, and not upgraded old. The complex became the focus of numerous advanced domestic and global scientific achievements. Climatic, flight and possessions had to be dragged for many years. Mostly everything was carried out in the cabbage Yar, but some were in other regions of the state.

The mid-autumn of 2011 was marked by the completion of the first stage of tests conducted with the Iskander-M missile complex, which ended with obtaining a new combat equipment. Rockets 9M723 have excellent characteristics, as well as a new, correlation system of guidance.

Probable goals

Iskander can strike on:

Missile complexes, reactive systems of salvo fire, long-range artillery;
Funds and air defense;
Airplanes and helicopters at airfields;
Command items and communication sites;
Especially important objects in civil infrastructure.

Characteristic features of "Iskander"

Characteristic features of "Iskander" are:

Availability of highly effective effects of a wide variety of purposes;
Secrecy in the carrying of combat duty, in preparing for starting and in deposition;
Automation of calculations and input of flight tasks missiles on starting installations;
High potential in performing combat missions in the atmosphere of active countering the opponent;
High level of operational reliability of missiles, trouble-free start and flight;
High level of tactical maneuverability;
High level of strategic mobility;
High level of automation of processes in combat management of rocket units;
Fast processing and timeliness of bringing reconnaissance data to the necessary links in management;
Duration of service life and convenient operation.

Combat characteristics

The combat characteristics of "Iskander" call:

Circular probability of deviations: 1-30 m;
Launch mass of missiles - 3,800 kg;
Length - 7.2 m;
Diameter - 920 mm;
Mass of combat units - 480 kg;
Rocket speed after the initial portion of the trajectory 2100 m / c;
The minimum range of defeat goals is 50 km;
Maximum range of targets:
- 500 km - Iskander-K;
- 280 km - Iskander-E.
Time to launch of the first rocket 4-16 min;
Interval between launches: 1 min;
Lifecycle: Ten years, including three years in the field.

Elements included in the "Iskander"

The main elements belonging to the "Iskander" are:

Rockets;
Self-propelled launchers;
Transport-charging machines;
Regulatory maintenance machines;
Command-staff machines;
Data preparation items;
Sets of arsenal equipment;
Training and training products.

Self-propelled launchers are designed for saving, transportation, preparatory work and launches for the purposes of two missiles (in the export version of one rocket). Self-propelled launchers can be executed on the basis of special wheeled chassis, which are produced on the Minsk Wheel Tractor Plant. Tractors have a total mass of 42 tons, a payload of 19 tons, the speed of movement in roads 70 km / h in downturns 40 km / h, fuel supply of up to 1000 km. As part of the combat calculation of three servicemen.

Transport and charging machines are designed to transport additionally pairs of rockets. Transport and charging machines are executed on the basis of the MZKT-7930 chassis, equipped with loading cranes. Have a complete combat mass of 40 tons and the calculation of two servicemen.

Command-staff machines are designed to manage all processes in Iskander complexes. They are performed on the basis of KAMAZ-43101 wheel chassis. The combat calculation is four servicemen.

Characteristic features that KSHM possess:

The maximum range of radio communications in place is 350 km, for march 50 km;
Estimated tasks time for missiles up to 10 s;
Team transmission time up to 15 s;
The number of radio channels - 16;
Time of deployment (folding) before half an hour;
Time of continuous operation up to two days.

Ralacent and maintenance machines are designed to control devices, rockets, onboard equipment and for current repair work. Are on the KAMAZ wheelbase. They have a weight of up to 14 tons, time of deploying no more than 20 minutes, the time of automated cycles of regulatory checks of the onboard equipment of missiles - 18 min., Combat calculation of two servicemen.

Data preparation items are intended to determine the coordinates of the objectives and preparation of data for missiles to pass them on SPU. Points for data preparation are integrated with intelligences and can receive tasks from any sources, including from satellites, airplanes or drone. In combat calculation, two servicemen.

Life support machines are designed for recreation and meal by combat calculations. Are on the Kamaz-43118 wheelbase. Machines possess: consisting for recreation and consignment compartments.

The missiles of "Iskander" are represented by solid-propelled, single-stage, with inseparable headways, managed and maneuverized missiles along the entire length of the hard-hydrogenated flight paths. Especially the Boyko rocket maneuver on the starting and final sections of the flight on which they are suitable for targets with high overloads.

This is determined by the need for flights of the anti-absorption to intercept the Iskander missiles with overloads of two or three times large, which is considered almost impossible today.

Most of the flight trajectories of Iskander missiles were performed on stealth technologies with small reflective surfaces. The effects of "invisible" are ensured by the total constructive features of missiles and treating their surfaces using special coatings.

The conclusion of rockets for the goal is used using an inertial system control. They are further captured by the autonomous correlation and extreme optical heads of homing heads. There is a system of self-deployment of rockets on the principle of formation of optical images of images in the area of \u200b\u200btargets that the onboard computer is compared with data entered into it.

Optical headsemons are distinguished by an increased level of sensitivity and resistance to the existing RES funds. Thanks to this, you can run rockets in a moonless night without additional natural backlit and eliminate moving goals within a radius of two meters. Today, such tasks, except for Iskander, cannot resolve any other similar rocket systems on the planet.

It is interesting that the optical homing systems used in the missiles do not need to be adjusted signals that are created by space radio navigation systems. A complex of using inertial control systems with satellite navigation and optical GSN allowed to create rockets that affect the specified goals in almost any possible setting. Mounted on the missiles "Iskander", the homing heads can be installed on other rockets. These can be different ballistic and winged rockets.

Varieties of combat parts of "Iskander"

The main varieties of combat parts of "Iskander" are:

Cassettes having fragmentation combat elements of non-contact substrunels. They can work at an altitude of about ten meters above the ground;
Cassettes having cumulative fragmentation combat elements;
Cassettes having self-propelled combat elements;
Cassettes having a volume-detonating effect;
Fragantic fugasny;
Fugasno-incendiary;
Penetrating.

Fifty-four combat elements are placed in cassette combat units.

All "Iskander" are integrated with the most diverse exploration and management systems. They are able to make information on the targeted targets from satellites, intelligence aircraft or unmanned aerial vehicles at the data preparation items. They calculate the flight tasks for missiles and the preparatory work of reference information information to missiles is carried out.

Through the radio channels, this information is translated and accepted by command-staff machines by communities of divisions and batteries, and then start-up. The command of the launch rocket is made from command-staff machines. In addition, the senior artillery bosses can also command, using managers.

The placed missiles (two) on each self-propelled launcher and the transport and charging machine significantly increase the fire power in rocket divisions. In addition, one-minute intervals between rocket launches are appeared according to a variety of purposes, while high firing productivity is ensured. Considering the high efficiency, as well as the combination of combat potential, the Operative Tactical Rocket Complex "Iskander" is destined to become the equivalent of nuclear ammunition and a reliable non-nuclear "home shield".

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More than 24 billion rubles were allocated to 17 enterprises of the defense and industrial complex to update productions for mass production of missile complexes "Iskander-M", another 16 billion enterprises will induce themselves

"Iskander-M" is an operational-tactical missile complex developed in Kolomensky OJSC NPK KBM. For the first time, "Iskander" was demonstrated in August 1999 at the Aerospace Salon Max. The complex is intended for the defeat of small-sized and space targets - rocket complexes, reactive Systems of salvo fire, long-range artillery, aircraft and helicopters on airfields, command items and communication sites.

Iskander is a weapon that can affect the military-political situation in some regions of the world, if states located in them do not have a long territory. Issues of placement of Iskander complexes, as well as their export deliveries are the subject of political consultation between countries.

For sampling and supplies "Iskander-M" are now built and reconstructed production facilities of 17 profile enterprises. The total amount of capital investments of budget and own funds is 40 billion rubles. As of June 31, the approved design tasks have 14 cooperation enterprises. Tasks for the design of three more enterprises are in the final stages of approval, and the beginning of reconstruction and technical re-equipment is scheduled for 2014.

On November 14, 2011, information about the next successful launch of a managed operational-tactical rocket 9M723 9k720 "Iskander - M" has appeared in Russian and foreign media. The launch was carried out on November 10 at the Test Polygon Kapustin Yar in the Astrakhan region as part of the four-day tactical teachings of the 630th separate missile division, which is in service with the operational-tactical missile systems "Iskander-M".

According to the official representative of the Ministry of Defense for the Ground Forces of Lieutenant Colonel N. Donyushkin, "at the final stage of the exercise, a successful fighting launch of a rocket, equipped with the latest equipment" took place. However, he did not specify what the latest equipment the launched rocket was equipped. Nevertheless, the newspaper "Izvestia", referring to the source in the General Staff, states that the guidance of the operational tactical rocket on the goal was carried out with the help of photographing the area. That is, during the rocket flight, a comparison and comparison of the real image of the area with a digital image was made, pre-loaded into a rocket computer, and, according to the same source of Izvestia, "with such characteristics" Iskander-M "can even get to the subway."

Apparently, we are talking about one of the types of correlation GSNs, adjusting the operation of an inertial rocket management system at the last stage of the flight path, or rather, about the optical correlation GSN 9E436, created in the early 90s in the Moscow TsNIIAG and shown on EUROSATI-2004 . One of the minuses of this guidance system, some experts consider the impossibility of defeat in advance not photographed and not loaded in the computer, but it should be noted that there is another type of GSN - radar-correlation. According to Military Expert K. Sivkova, "Thanks to this system, the accuracy of the rocket is not more than five meters. Given that the weight of the 9m723 charge is 500 kg, this will allow you to destroy almost any, even strongly blunt objects in the enemy. Now the accuracy of Iskander missiles is no more than ten meters. " He also added that "These rocket complexes need to be placed in the central part of the country aimed to the West, which, if necessary, will allow for several minutes to fail the missile defense system placed in European countries."

Operational Tactical Rocket Complex (Iskander) (Iskander-E "- Export," Iskander-M "- for the Russian Army) was created in the conditions of the Agreement on the Agreement on Middle and Low Rational missiles (RSMD) of 1987 and refusal nuclear weapons on theaters of hostilities with opposing sides. In this regard, the complex was created taking into account such fundamentally new requirements for newly developed missile complexes, as: a refusal to use nuclear weapons and the use of combat units only in conventional equipment, ensuring high shooting accuracy, the control of the rocket on the entire (mostly part) of her trajectory Flight, the possibility of installing on the rocket of combat parts, taking into account the type of affected purposes, is a high degree of automation by the process of exchanging information and managing combat operation.

At the same time, the complex should be able to use these global satellite navigation systems (GLONASS, NAVStar), hit moving goals and stationary with a high degree of protection, have high firing performance, effectively overcome the emergence systems of the opponent's anti-airframe defense.

The development of the "Iskander" complex initially begun in the KB of Mechanical Engineering (Kolomna, hereinafter - KBM) in an initiative order by order of the chief designer S.P. An invincible and under his leadership in 1987. The competitor of the CBM on the development of the new generation was the Tula KB of instrument making under the direction of A.G.shipunov who proposed his project. The decision of the Sovin of the USSR on financing the work on the design of the complex was published in 1988. When creating the complex, the task of ensuring interaction in the composition of the hands of "Equality" with the plane of the target designation M-55 (Hand Development - NIEMI) was rated. In the initial project, it was possible to use SPU 9P76 with one rocket. KSHM Hands "Equality" was designed on the MAZ-543 chassis (KSM similar to KSHM "Polyana").

As targets can be:

· various means of firing lesions (rocket complexes, rocket systems of salvo fire, long-range artillery);

· means of anti-missile and air defense;

· aircraft and helicopters at airfields;

· commands and communication sites;

· the most important objects of civil infrastructure;

· other important small-sized and areas in the enemy.

High mobility and small time of preparation for launching rockets provide secure training in the Iskander to combat use.

Rocket The Iskander complex is a solid propellant, single-stage, with a head part-in-flight, managed and energetically maneuverized missile throughout the difficult-per-viewing path trajectory. It is especially actively maneuver on the starting and final sections of the flight, in which it approaches the target with high (20-30 units) overload. This determines the need for a flight of anticrafts for interception of the missile "Iskander" with overload 2-3 times greater, which is currently almost impossible.

Group Start OTR type 9m723k5 or similar complex 9k720 "Iskander-M" and 9m79 complexes 9k79-1 "Point-y" during the exercises "Center-2011", Polygon Kapustin Yar, 09/22/2011

Mounted on the Rastet of Iskander, the head of the homing head can be installed on ballistic and winged rockets of various classes and types.

"Iskander - M" for the Russian army, launcher for two rockets 9m723, 9m723-1, 9m723-1f or 9m723-1k (NATO classification SS-26 STONE), with a maximum flight range up to 500 km (minimum range - 50 km) and a mass of combat part of 480 kg (according to some sources, 500 kg). Single-stage solid fuel rocket 9M723, controlled at all stages of flight with a quasibalistic motion trajectory. The combat part of the cassette type rocket having 54 fragmentation elements with a non-contact undermining or also a cassette type with elements of a volumetric detonating action. Equipped Flying Weight - 3,800 kg, diameter - 920 mm, length - 7 200 mm.

"Iskander - K", a missile complex for the launch of winged rockets, for example, P-500, the maximum flight range of which is up to 2,000 km.

Iskander - E, the export version of the 9M723E rocket rocket complex (NATO classification SS-26 STONE B) with a maximum flight range of not more than 280 km and corresponding to the requirements of the regime control over rocket technologies (RKRT).

That's it is modern weapons of Russia

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sources
http: //www.arms-expo.ru.
http: //topwar.ru.
http: //militaryRussia.ru.

Iskander Czodder is an operational-tactical missile complex of increased mobility, capable of changing the position in a short time and start two missiles of medium and long-range radius.

The complex is crowded into the Russian system of deterrent forces of NATO and the United States. The reason for the creation was the deployment of Western countries of the pro, along the borders of the Russian Federation, allegedly to counteract the nuclear threat from Iran.

Advantages of Foci Iskander

According to TTX Iskander or 9k720, equipped with rockets capable of hitting the object at a distance of 500 km. This distance is specified in the contract to reduce and eliminate missile armament of small and medium-range - RSMD.

Under the terms of the US agreement and the USSR were obliged to get rid of missiles of the range described. For this reason, the Soviet Union has written off the predecessor of "Iskander", "OKU".

The United States and the USSR are obliged to get rid of high-range missiles.

However, the Americans themselves violate the terms of the contract. They are the development of new missile systems of small-medium-range. Most of this weapon is placed on rocket cruisers and is carried by specialized aviation. For example, the "Reaper" and "predator" aircraft.

Even stirred on the territory of Romania and Poland elements of pro have a double purpose and are able to start not only the anti-missiles, but also the Tomahawk rockets equipped with nuclear warheads.

Analogue of "Iskander" SPC "Patriot" - the main system about the US and a number of NATO countries

It was this reason that provoked the development and development of the Iskander, a new generation weapon. According to NATO classification, this weapon has the designation of SS-26 Stone and is considered the most dangerous product of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The 9k720 division is comparable to US Aviation Group.

According to experts, the cumulative blow of the complexes is able to go through the system of pro and air defense existing in Europe, causing a crushing blow to strategic points and "hacking" defense for subsequent blows of the winged missiles.

A bit of history

"Iskander" are relatively new missile complex and does not have any outstanding history.

The first steps

Walked World War. The German army threw one power behind the other and, it seemed that the victorious March of the Third Reich would stop nothing. Poland, Benilyux Countries, France ...

Somewhere the Nazis met fierce resistance. In other places they were welcomed as friends.

Gradually, the German army acquired the status of an invincible.

In June 1941, on the night of the 22nd number, without declaring the war, Reich invads the territory of the USSR. Soviet parts were broken, battles were transferred to the depths of the country. It seemed that the Germans would not stop nothing.

However, the Soviet people endured the brown onslaught. The troops of the fascists were first bonded not far from Moscow, and then they were thrown away from the capital to a decent distance.

The battle for Moscow, though he did not become a turning point, but showed that Fritz was not invincible. The turning point came after the battle on the Kursk arc. Hundreds of thousands of soldiers participated in the front fights, hundreds of aircraft circled in the sky, the expense of the destroyed tanks was hundreds.

It was this battle that became a turning point of the entire World War II - the army motion vector was changed to the polar.

Seeing that things on the fronts are unsuccessful, Hitler ordered to step up the development of new types of weapons capable of stopping the enemy and not to give it to step on Germany.

Fau - the first combat rocket of the Germans during the Second World War.

One of the projects that received additional financing was the development of the FAU-projectile aircraft. In essence, it was the first combat rocket.

With the help of them, it was planned to destroy strategic objects and communications. Fau was actively tested until 1944, when most of the rocket manufacturing factories were destroyed or captured.

Following the world, the second world of German specialists transported to the USSR. German scientists actively worked for the benefit of the country's country.

Contrary to the objectionarity of scientists and engineers did not memorize. On the contrary, people received a reinforced soldering. Thanks to their works, the development of reactive aviation was forced. Including various kinds of rocket.

It was from German scientists who began a domestic rocket building.

Using their developments, Soviet scientists created a base, on the basis of which flights in space and the appearance of means of delivery of nuclear ammunition were possible.

A little later, but not yet "Iskander"

The development of diverse rocket systems was widely distributed during the reign of Nikita Khrushchev. The Secretary General loved this class of weapons and saw ingenuated potential in it. Thanks to Khrushchev, the development of the ICBM was forced. Many consider it particularly the main achievement of the head of the USSR.

It was at that time that the development of the R-17 missile began. Compared to the predecessor of the P-11, the new model had a greater radius of the flight and carried to a ton of payload. For example, a fragantive feus charge of high power or a nuclear warhead for several kilotons.

Flight range Iskander reached 240 km. There was a launch from a mobile chassis.

reached the flight range of the first missiles "Iskander"

Another name of the 9P117 complex is "Skad". It is under this title that the installation is known in the world. Adopted in 1962, it was used by the USSR and the countries of the Warsaw Treaty. However, after the development of a new complex, 9P117 began to export to the countries of the Middle East. For example, in Egypt and Iraq.

Middle East never differed calmness. During the twentieth century, conflicts between countries regularly occurred there.

Skad used the Egyptian side during the "War of the Judgment Day" in 1973. Boots were applied in the Israeli sun.

In 1991, during the war in the Persian Gulf, Iraq was struck by the Israeli territory. "Patriot" bought from Americans, "Patriot" did not help.

"Oka", almost, "Iskander"

No matter how good was the complex 9k72, but time takes its own. New technologies appear, races in the development of electronics are performed, the requirements of the military are raised.

For this reason, in the mid-70s of the last century, work started to create a new rocket plant - Oka PC. The general designer was appointed S. invincible. It is worth noting that later he took part in the creation of "Iskander".

in the summer of this year, the first tests of the rocket complex

For the first time, the complex was tested in the summer of 1978. The tests took place at the Kapustin Yar polygon.

It is worth noting an interesting fact: this landfill was a test area for most Soviet-Russian missiles over long years.

In total, during the tests of "Oka" produced within 30 launches. The complex was adopted by the USSR Armed Forces in 1980

PCC "Oka": the victim of the RMSD contract

The rocket used by the complex could develop speed up to 5m. Flight range - 500 km. Characteristics allowed to effectively overcome the defense of the enemy and hit command points, warehouses and other infrastructure. As a warhead, it was possible to apply a nuclear charge with a capacity of 5 kilotons.

In 1987, Gorbachev signed an agreement on limiting the use of a medium-low radius missile. RSMD was also signed by the American side. As a result, most part of the "Oka" was written off and destroyed. True, the complex was in service standing until 2003. In limited quantities.

Until 2003, the Oka Oka stood in service with Russia.

By the way, the contract limit was distributed only to rockets with a range of flights less than 500 km and more than 5,500 km. It is based on new parameters that the following project began.

Development of "Iskander"

To say that "Iskander" was created in extremely simple and pleasant conditions, it means to sneak against the truth as much as possible.

First of all, it is worth starting with the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a new missile complex Iskander-M, whose characteristics did not have world analogues, offered S. invincible. The designer took into account all the limitations caused by the RSDD.

The new installation planned to use modern Iskander missiles, the TTX of which was allowed to overcome the enemy's echelonian defense on a distance exceeding 500 km of flight. However, the idea came across opposition from Gorbachev. Frankly, the "first" President of the USSR wrapped a lot of things.

Subsequently, after the decay of the country, the development still started. Chaos and confusion reigned in the country. Markets collapsed, production chains were disturbed. Designers for half a year not paid wages.

But the tests and tests of the complex continued. Not due to, but contrary to. The main problem was irregular financing. I had to carefully check each tested rocket and system.

this year the first working sample of the updated complex "Iskander" was demonstrated.

According to the results of a long and challenging work in 1999, the first working sample of the new complex "Iskander" was demonstrated within the framework of the International Aviation Meason. The novelty made an impression on all guests of the event. The development allocated a new portion of financing.

It is worth mentioning organizations that have taken direct participation in the design of the complex:

KB Mechanical Engineering - Development of a rocket;
CKB "Titan" - creating a launcher and chassis;
NIIEP - engaged in the design of the entire automation of PCC.

Subsequently, in 2006, the first "Iskander" became the arms of the Russian Federation. Installations entered into the so-called perimeter of the "Access Prohibition Zones".

In addition to 9k720, the defense is included with S-400 Sprink (B, PO-500 Perspective) and elements of the Bastion Anti-Development Rocket System. The essence of the project is to immediately defeat any unfriendly object, illegally crossed the border of the perimeter.

Modification "E" comes to Armenia since 2016

In arms

"Iskander" consists in the arms of the two countries of the world: Russia and Armenia. According to data from open sources of the Russian Federation, 72 of Iskander-M complex uses and an unidentified amount of "Iskander-K". How many units of Revelations transferred to Armenia is unknown. The only information available information Delivery date is 2016.

Tactical and technical characteristics of Czander

Real parameters of PCC are unknown. The most obvious thing that can be said is - the complex carries 2 rockets with a range of targets 50 - 500 km. Start is carried out within a few minutes after a combat signal. After shooting PU departs from the start of the rocket starts in order to mask and evade the response strike.

Western weapon experts argue that 9k720 is able to hit targets over 5500 km. The main argument in favor of these discussions was the external appearance of the complex of the complex, the Iskander-M rocket looks like a "caliber". True, this or fiction is unknown.

Also experts of NATO countries argue that the Russian PCC is capable of performing the task more efficiently than the American analogue. The development of the United States in this category (LRPF missiles) is not able to hit the target over 500 km away.

Rocket destroyer "Donald Cook" with which compare "Iskander"

Also often compare the TTX Iskander with American rocket destroyers like "Donald Cook". Moreover, many military analysts tend to believe that the Russian complex is more effective.

Rocket Iskander, the characteristics of which are kept in the strictest mystery, causes a wave of indignation and fear of NATO. The main reason is the possibility of operational recovery. There is a process due to a special machine of escort. The ship has to go to the port for a similar procedure.

Basic TTH

The rocket falls into the goal with the error, m	5 – 30
Weight rocket at start, t	3,8
Weight warheads, kg	400
Rocket height, m	7,2
Radius, see	46
Cruising Rocket Speed, M / s	2 100
The highest point of the ballistic trajectory, km	Exceeds 100.
Maximum lesion distance, km	"Iskander-M" - 500, "Iskander-C" - 2500 (from unconfirmed sources)
Minimum lesion distance, km	50
Preparation for shot, m	4 – 16
Time interval before starting the 2nd rocket, m	1
How much is the "Iskander"	10 in polygonal conditions, 3 - in combat

Options

Since the creation of the first samples of Iskander in 2006, a small range of modifications of this installation was created. In general, they differ in rockets carried out by a volley. In addition, the export option is devoid of part of the functionality, affordable products for the Russian army.

Czodder-M Federal Tax Service: Modification 2011

List of modifications:

"Iskander-M" - Rocket complex (characteristics and video - below) Basic option. It has two missiles Iskander (Characteristics are classified) placed on PU. The chassis have increased crossings, Reb systems. Iskander-M TTH is much improved. There is a mobile command post. Rockets are able to overcome the defense of the enemy. For this, a number of technologies are applied: high speed maneuvering capacity with overload up to 30 g, reset false elements, a special coating absorbs radio signals, small dimensions. The rocket comes to the target at an angle of 90 degrees;
"Iskander-E" - The letter "E" means that the version is intended for export. Equipped with a rocket with a range of 280 km and weighing the warheads - 480 kg. In fact, is a significantly discarded version of the previous modification. The only country that bought the batch of complexes is Armenia. If there are others, the information is strictly classified;
"Iskander-K" - The version on which the winged rockets with intellectual guidance are installed. The warhead has a mass of 480 kg. The flight speed is 2100 m / s. The height of the flight is 7 meters (when entering the target), 7 km - during the path to the specified object. At low heights, the rocket is able to overeat obstacles and follow the changes in relief. Flight range - 500 km. There is an option with the installation of the P-500 (range - 2 thousand km).

Starting rocket with "Iskander" 9k720

Most likely that the Operative Tactical Rocket Complex "Iskander-M" is subjected to further modification in closed KB. The judgment is justified by common sense. After all, weapons are one of the most exposed to obsolescence of humanity.

Composition of complex

In addition to directly PU, the group includes 5 more types of machines. Each performs its functions. In total, every brigade includes 51 cars.

The composition of the division of the Iskander

9p78-1

These are self-propelled launchers. In total, the brigade includes 12 pieces. Their main purpose transportation and storage of missiles. Mass with full load is 42 tons. Mass of transported cargo - 19 tons.

The installation is mounted on the basis of the MAKT-7930 tractor. The chassis has a wheel formula 8 x 8 and can develop speed up to 70 km / h. The distance is 1000 km. All this is necessary for the operational transfer at any time of the day and at any distance. The crew has 3 people.

Chassis PU "Iskander"

9c552.

Command-staffing machine designed to manage all elements of PCC. Installed on the KAMAZ chassis 43101. There is a radio station "Aqueduct". The regular crew is 4 people. The division is completed with 11 such machines. The radio station is capable of accepting and transmitting a signal at a distance of 250 km (in, unfolded state). Marche - 50 km. Battery life 2nd day.

MRTU

Machine for regulatory and repair work. The regular crew is 2 people. Used to check onboard equipment and current repairs. But the main task is to check the electronics of missiles. In automatic mode, the procedure takes 18 minutes. The machine is based on the KAMAZ chassis. Working weight - 13 tons.

9C920.

The machine designed to prepare flight information for missiles. Based on Kamaz chassis. Crew - 2 people. In fact, this is the server where all the information flows from various sources of target designation: satellites, airplanes, drone. After processing, the information is transmitted on the PU, after which the rocket starts.

Life support machine

The main purpose of the machine to ensure the personnel of sleeping places, comfortable meals and other household conditions. In stock Sleeping places, lockers for storage of things, Runduki. There is a 300 L tank, water heating system, special pumps. The car based on KamAZ is based. The division includes 14 pcs.

Kao and Tst.

Specmashin, intended for the operational recharge of launchers. The procedure occupies, on average, 20 minutes. The second car is the simulator for the crew. It is imitation of combat situations.

It is also worth noting that an impressive group consisting of infantry compounds and armored groups (tanks, BMP) is given to the protection of the division of "Iskander" and related machines of provision. In addition, the division, being in a stationary position, is masked by regular means: a camouflage network, Reb complexes, protection against thermal imaging detection.

Rocket design Краз К izander

For PFCs, two types of missiles are developed: a quasiballic and winged. In principle, they differ only on guidance systems and flight paths. The rest of the product is similar.

Rockets are able to maneuver at high speeds, when you choose the random trajectories of movement and reversal. At the same time, rockets are managed throughout the flight, which increases the accuracy of the hit.

Combat parts of missiles are designed to defeat various purposes. For example, there is a cassette warhead that can be separated into many parts and hit a large area. There are options for extremely accurate gets used to neutralize the command bins or elements of OB and air defense. In particularly sad cases, rockets are equipped with tactical nuclear charges, with a capacity of several kilotons.

During the flight, the rocket is capable of throwing elements of RES, which makes it difficult for the systems about the enemy. An additional factor is the small size of the flying rocket in the physical plane.

	Iskander - M.
	Iskander - K (R-500)
	Iskander - E.

Combat use

If you believe in a variety of open sources, the Iskander missile and anti-aircraft complex was used only three times. Moreover, in one case, these were combat firing in the framework of joint exercises with Tajikistan.

The second case is to use multiple settings for the application of non-nuclear strikes on ISIL militants (the organization prohibited in Russia). There were launches in December 2017. The characteristics of "Iskander-M", declared by the developers, received combat confirmation.

The most controversial case is a statement that the Iskander missile complex, the characteristics of which guarantee the destruction of the living force and equipment of the enemy, was used during the Georgian-Ossetian conflict in August 2008.

Participation of the division of PCCs could not prove. Russian military refute these rumors. It is believed that the Georgian side adopted the starts of the Point-y missiles for 9k720, which were just used to disabre the infrastructure of the enemy.

Martial use of "Iskander" - basing in the West of the Russian Federation.

More precisely, in the Kaliningrad region. From the region, the rocket complex is able to hit a whole range of goals on the territory of the likely enemy. These are military airfields and NATO team centers in the Baltic States, elements about in Poland and Romania, strategic infrastructure structures on the territory of Denmark and Sweden. Also 9k720 posted on the territory of the Republic of Belarus.

2008	Georgian-Ossetian conflict that occurred in August during the Olympics. The application case 9k720 was not recorded, but the Georgian authorities and a number of Western media claim the opposite. To apply point rocket strikes, a complex "Point-U" was used
2016	Teachings in Tajikistan. Rockets were amazed by educational purposes, the operational range of Iskander-M was checked.
2017	In December, the Iskander-M complex was delivered to Syria (the rocket characteristics required in real battle). Cases of combat use and damage to defensive structures are recorded. Probable goals: large formation of terrorist groups, warehouses with ammunition and accumulation of armored vehicles.

Advantages and disadvantages of Краска «Iskander»

Complex 9k720 is relatively new, and a number of technical parameters is hidden from the public opinion. Therefore, to judge the real advantages and disadvantages of Iskander-M, the radius of whose defeat remains a mystery for opponents of Russia, is very difficult.

Most of the information refers to the official statements of Russian military and telecasts emerging in patriotic channels. What creates the impression of the "ideality" of military equipment. And not only "Iskander".

Most likely, in a few years (perhaps, dozens of years), the real possibilities of the complex will be opened. Judging by the open information, the EKS is capable of hitting the goal by passing through highly elachel defenses. And it will be good if we never have to experience "Iskander-M" or "Iskander-K" on a real opponent. After all, first of all 9k720 is an intestinal instrument.

Approximately a year ago, the leadership of the Russian Ministry of Defense spoke about the first cases of combat use of operational-tactical missile systems 9k720 "Iskander" as part of the operation in Syria. A few days ago, new reports appeared about such a work of missile systems. It was noted that during the real combat launches, rocket complexes showed high characteristics and coped with the tasks. Thus, the Iskander PCC managed to confirm their capabilities in a real conflict of low intensity.

However, the operational-tactical missile complexes of a new type were created not only for local armed conflicts, but also for full-scale wars. In addition, as the events of recent years, Iskander are displayed by an effective military-political tool that can affect the situation by one of their presence. In this regard, the understandable questions arise: what exactly does the Iskander family make so effective in different areas and why are such complexes are the most important element of the Russian armed forces?

Self-propelled launcher Revelation "Iskander" on the "Center-2015" teachings

Carriers of rocket

Obviously, the combat qualities of any PCC are primarily determined by the tactical and technical characteristics of its individual components. Indeed, a significant contribution to the possibility of the Iskander's complex is made by the characteristics of various machines from its composition. All fixed assets of this complex are made on self-propelled chassis and have high mobility, which allows them to enter the specified positions in a timely manner and prepare the launch of missiles.

In the composition of the company 9k720, six cars of various purposes are included, not counting training facilities and so-called. Arsenal equipment. In a standard rocket brigade, more than 50 cars of different types are operated in total. The basis of the complex - self-propelled launcher 9P78-1. Its operation is provided by the transport and charging machine 9T250, command-staff 9c552, as well as the information preparation item, life support machine and the Rules and maintenance machine.

The main machines of the complex are built on the four-axle chassis of the MZKT-7930 "Astrologer"; Other funds are mounted on the KAMAZ brand cars. Using such chassis, which make up the Iskander's oscillate, are able to move along the highway at no less than 70 km / h. Also provides movement on a dirt road at a speed of 40 km / h or over rough terrain with overcoming various obstacles. Water obstacles intersect by belly or bridges. Starting stroke - 1000 km.

Means of the complex "Iskander". In the foreground - Command-Stacking Machine 9C552

Combat Machine 9P78-1 and other elements of the complex are capable of entering a given position for the deployment and start-up production. According to reports, the launch of the rocket can be performed 4-5 minutes after arrival at the position. A significant part of the operations for the preparation for the launch of the rocket is carried out by automatic, but the participation of a person is not fully excluded. An important feature of PCC 9k720 is the presence of two missiles at once on one start-up setting. Two more products are on the transport and charging machine and can be overloaded to the starting setting. According to standards, the overload of one rocket takes 16 minutes.

Ballistic missile

The first 9M723 type ballistic missile was created for the Iskander. This is a single-stage solid fuel rocket with an ingenious head, which has an inertial and satellite navigation guidance system. It is also known about the development of several alternative homing heads that determine the goal with radar or optical systems. Rocket 9M723 externally and in its design resembles the ammunition of other domestic PCCs, but has a number of serious differences in a technical and operational nature.

First of all, it is necessary to take into account that the product 9m723 is so-called. quasiballestical rocket. During the flight, it is capable of moving along a given ballistic trajectory, but maneuvering. Side control systems allow you to perform some maneuvers on all sections of the trajectory, from the moment of start to fall to the target. Intensive maneuvering on the path to the target is one of the main ways to protect the rocket from the counter-free or anti-missile defense of the enemy.

"Iskander" on the way to the firing position

Maneuvers with significant overloads on the active site make the trajectory of the rocket unpredictable, which makes it difficult to intercept with modern air defense and pro. On the ballistic site of the trajectory, the interception is hampered by two factors. First of all, at this stage, the rocket rises at a height of about 50 km and goes beyond the limits of the area of \u200b\u200bservice of air defense. In addition, the unpredictability of the trajectory associated with maneuvering, in turn, excludes the effective operation of modern means of pro.

In some sources, it is mentioned that the 9M723 rocket carries out products to overcome the pro, similar to the equipment of intercontinental ballistic missiles. The product can dump false goals that interfer the enemy radar. It also mentions the presence of own on-board funds of the radio electronic combat.

On the descending portion of the trajectory, the quasibalistic rocket is able to fall on the target almost vertically at a speed of more than 2 km / s, at the same time performing maneuvers with overloads over 20 units. High speed, maneuvering and the correct combat course sharply reduce the likelihood of successful detection, maintenance and interception of the rocket with modern air defense and pro, created to combat "conventional" ballistic goals.

The process of overloading missiles from a transport and charging machine for self-propelled starting installation

Products 9m723 can be equipped with different combat parts intended to destroy various enemy objects. Point targets, including protected or swallowed, should be attacked using fugasic and concrete monoblock combat parts. For an attack of area purposes, there are several options for a cassette combat part, differing from each other types of combat elements. The cassette can accommodate fragantive-fugasic, cumulative, volume-detonating and self-propelled anti-tank submissions. There is a special combat part in the form of a 50 CT monoblock.

The 9M723 quasibalistic rocket is capable of delivering a combat part to a range of up to 280 km. Its enhanced version 9m723-1 included in the Iskander-M SBUs, according to various sources, has a range of 400 or 480 km. Thus, the 9M720 complexes with ballistic missiles comply with the requirements of the currently existing contract for the elimination of medium and less rockets. Circular probable deviation of missiles, according to different sources, does not exceed 10-20 m.

Winged rocket

In the course of the further development of the Basic Iskander, the Iskander-K system was created. The main difference is in the rocket used. Especially for this modification of the complex, the winged rocket of ground-based basic was developed. As before, the self-propelled launcher carries two rockets and is able to apply them almost immediately after arrival at the specified position.

Operator complex at work

The basis of the Iskander-K complex is the winged rocket 9k728, also known as the R-500. As follows from available data, this product was created without taking into account the developments on other ammunition "Iskander", and it is based on the experience of completely other projects. According to different versions, the 9k728 rocket could be built on the basis of the Rocket of the C-10 "Pomegranate", the products of the Kalibr family or even on the basis of the air-based air base rocket. Which of these versions is more corresponded to reality - it is not known for certain. Apparently, there is a certain community with modern cruise missiles of the "Calibr" complex, but the real degree of unification is not disclosed.

The product P-500 is a subsonic wing rocket with a turbojet marching engine. The rocket is equipped with an inertial guidance system with the possibility of correction by satellite navigation signals. Autopilot is able to lead a rocket to the target for the optimal trajectory, which ensures the maximum secrecy and reduces the likelihood of the successful operation of the enemy air defense. However, this data is not too much.

According to the available information, the 9k728 missile is capable of carrying out a non-moving flight with a terrain rope. It is also possible to use a ballistic trajectory, during the operation of the starting engine providing exit to a large height. Next, flight and output to the goal is carried out on the optimal profile. In particular, an approach to the target at a low height is possible, sharply reducing the permissible time of the air defense reaction and pro.

"Iskander-K" in combat position

Does the R-500 missiles have any means of a breakthrough of the opponent's defense in addition to the right flight profile - unknown. In this case, it can be noted that the characteristic architecture of this product does not allow the major stock of false purposes. It is also not quite clear whether the interference layer is present on board the rocket.

The winged rocket for Iskander has a range of up to 500 km - this parameter is limited to the requirements of the RSD Treaty. However, foreign specialists and politicians are not inclined to trust official Russian data. They express doubts based on which the most real charges are being built. According to different estimates, the real range of the product of the product 9k728 / R-500 is significantly higher than the stated. The most bold assumptions bring this parameter to 2000-2500 km. The consequence of this is accusations of violation of the RSD Treaty, since this agreement prohibits the development and production of ground-based rockets with a range of more than 500 and less than 5,500 km.

However, the Rocket 9k728 of the Operative Tactical Complex "Iskander-K" is not the most popular reason for criticism. US politicians in this context show much more interest in the Russian missile 9k729, which, allegedly, also does not comply with the terms of the RSD Treaty.

Running 9m723 quasibalistic missile

Advantages and threats

Within the framework of the project with the cipher "Iskander", domestic designers created a unique operational-tactical missile complex, and more precisely - a whole family of such systems. The entire range of complexes are based on the same ground tools, including self-propelled starting installation and a set of auxiliary machines. The unified combat machine is able to use ballistic and winged missiles of several types, characterized by their destination and capabilities.

Last year, the leadership of the Design Bureau of Mechanical Engineering, which developed CPU 9K720, disclosed curious information about the Iskander-M project. It turned out that so far for this system has developed as many as seven missiles of different types and destination. Perhaps it was about the already known products and their modifications, but in this case the announced data look extremely interesting. They directly indicate the potential and combat qualities of PCCs, as well as on its ability to influence the military-political situation.

In service with the Russian army consists of a universal missile complex that can attack and destroy various objects of the enemy at an operational depth using rockets and combat parts of a number of types. In fact, we are talking about a universal system with the highest possible and permissible characteristics. For example, the range of firing with covered and ballistic missiles is limited, primarily international agreements.

Starting the Wilt Rocket R-500 / 9k728

Simultaneously with the highest possible range of shooting, the Iskander complex is characterized by the extreme complexity of the interception of flying missiles. When developing ballistic and winged rockets, both known and new ideas were used, which was positively affected by their air defense breakthrough and about the enemy. The means and methods of the breakthrough were created taking into account the peculiarities of modern complexes of anti-missile and air defense, and therefore "Iskander" turns out to step ahead.

A mobile system with a shooting range up to 500 km and the possibility of a breakthrough of modern defense naturally turns out to be a comfortable military and political tool. With its help, in the conditions of a real conflict, you can hit the various objects of the enemy, almost not leaving him a chance to reflect the blow. In peacetime or in the threatened period, the Iskander family can be a convenient means of projection of force or even a threat designed to transparently hint of views and opinion of the state.

In recent years, Iskander complexes have been deployed in a number of units of land forces based in different regions. The total number of complexes in the troops have long exceeded the hundred and, apparently, will increase. The highly efficient military and political agent is mastered by the troops and is able to solve the tasks imposed on it.

Starting product 9K728 with disguised position

Problems of the Future

Currently, the most actively discusses the possible rupture of the PCMD treaty. The reason for this, the American side calls violations by Russia. In search of charges, foreign experts recall the old estimates of the flight of the flight of the winning rocket 9k728, which, allegedly, is able to fly further than permissible 500 km.

In the event of a rupture of the Treaty on the rockets of the average and less distance of Russia will have to take appropriate measures. One of the consequences of the termination of this Agreement may be the emergence of American missiles of new types in different countries of Europe. In this case, the response to them can be the CZDC "Iskander", posted in the Western regions of Russia. Their task will be the application of shocks on the launch positions of the likely enemy - both response and, possibly proactive.

Abroad is afraid that the winged rocket 9k728 can be based on one of the existing products of sea or air bazing, and for this reason it is a distance above restrictions. At the same time, a curious logical problem takes place. If the charges in the side of the rocket 9k728 are not bothering, and it really violates the contract, then as a result of the gap of the latter, Russia "appears" new, able to strike on large distances. And all this will happen before NATO will be able to take response. However, for this it is necessary that the Iskander-K complex really did not comply with current restrictions.

Anyway, already now the operational-tactical missile complexes of the 9k720 family "Iskander" are a serious military and political argument, giving our country certain advantages in the international arena. Obviously, the further development of this line of complexes will allow to retain the desired possibilities, and with a certain development of events - to multiply them. At the same time, the complex is unlikely to lose its potential even when changing the situation and the refusal of existing international agreements. "Iskander" will still be dangerous for the likely enemy, and therefore extremely useful for our country.

According to the materials of sites:
http://rbase.new-factoria.ru/
https://defendingrussia.ru/
https://globalsecurity.org/
http://fas.org/
http://ria.ru/
http://tass.ru/
http://mil.ru/
http://militaryRussia.ru/blog/topic-816.html.
http://military.tomsk.ru/blog/topic-304.html

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