Africa is often associated with wild animals. This continent has the highest density of wildlife and richest fauna diversity of any continent on the planet. This is thanks to the vast landscapes with different climatic zones from subarctic to tropical.
African continent has the highest concentration national parks on the planet. As of 2014, there are 335 national parks. They protect more than 1,100 species of mammals, 100,000 species of insects, 2,600 species of birds and 3,000 species of fish. In addition, there are hundreds of reserves, forest, marine and national reserves, as well as natural parks.
The Black Continent is rich in habitat diversity. The tropical rainforests and arid savanna plains of the Sahara Desert are home to a wide variety of wildlife. Africa is home to many fascinating animals, including some that are endangered. It is also considered as the birthplace of human civilization.
Serengeti National Park
Zebra migration in Serengeti National Park.
Serengeti National Park in Tanzania is one of the oldest and most famous reserves in Africa. The park is famous for the annual migration of millions of wildebeest, hundreds of thousands of gazelles and zebras, as well as the predators that hunt them. This is one of the most impressive natural spectacles in the world. The Great Migration, which spans 1,000 kilometers of annual circular trek, passes through uniquely scenic settings with vast treeless expanses and dramatic rolling meadows dotted with exposed rocks and interspersed with rivers and forests. This park has one of the world's largest and most diversified populations with predator-prey interactions.
Serengeti National Park covers an area of 12,950 square kilometers and is considered one of the least disturbed natural ecosystems on Earth.
Masai Mara National Reserve
The Masai Mara is a national reserve located in the Narok district of Kenya. It borders the Serengeti National Park and was named after the Maasai people who inhabited these regions. It is famous for its exceptional population of lions, leopards and cheetahs, as well as the annual migration of zebras, Thomson's gazelles and wildebeest, which travel to this place from July to October each year from the Serengeti. The event is known as the "great migration".
The Masai Mara occupies a relatively small area, but boasts an amazing concentration of wildlife. The park is home to 95 species of mammals, amphibians, reptiles and more than 400 species of birds. The Big Five (buffalo, elephant, leopard, lion and rhinoceros) abound throughout the park. Leopards, cheetahs, hyenas, giraffes, wildebeest, topi, baboons, warthogs, buffalos, zebras, elephants, hippos and crocodiles converge on the Mara River.
Aerial photograph of a herd of wildebeest following several leading zebras in the Masai Mara.
Bwindi National Park
Bwindi National Park is located in southwestern Uganda in East Africa. It occupies 331 square kilometers of jungle and, as the name suggests, this place can only be reached on foot. Situated on the eastern edge of the Albertine Rift Valley, the park has a rich ecosystem and possibly the highest number of tree species in East Africa. It is also home to a diverse fauna, including a number of endemic butterflies and one of the richest assemblages of mammals in Africa.
Bwindi is home to almost half of the world's mountain gorilla population, which sadly numbers only 340 individuals.
Mountain gorilla in Bwindi National Park.
Amboseli National Park
Amboseli National Park is one of the most popular parks in Kenya. It is located in the south of the country, on the border with Tanzania. The park offers one of the most classic and breathtaking views of Mount Kilimanjaro with its 5,985 meter peak rising above the plains. Amboseli attracts visitors primarily because of its huge herds of elephants, although the park is also inhabited by many predators such as lions, cheetahs and leopards.
An elephant crosses a dirt road in Amboseli National Park. Mount Kilimanjaro is visible in the background. - nature reserves and National parks
Kruger National Park
Kruger National Park is one of the largest nature reserves in Africa and one of the largest national parks in the world. Its area is 19,485 square kilometers. This is also the first national park in South Africa, which opened in 1926, although the territory of the park has been protected by the state since 1898.
Kruger National Park has more types large mammals than any other African reserve, including representatives of the "big five" - lions, leopards, elephants, rhinoceroses and buffalo.
Chobe National Park
Chobe National Park is located in the northwestern part of Botswana, close to the border of Zambia, Zimbabwe and Namibia. It is famous for its stunning elephant population. Experts estimate there are 50,000 of these large animals, possibly the highest concentration of elephants in Africa. Best time The best time to visit Chobe is during the dry season from April to October, when the water bodies dry up and the animals gather close to the river bank, where they are easy to spot.
An elephant calf on the banks of the Chobe River in the national park of the same name. - nature reserves and national parks
Etosha National Park
Etosha National Park is located in northwestern Namibia and covers an area of 22,270 square kilometers. It gets its name from the silvery-white salt crystals that cover the large panoramas that cover almost a quarter of Etosha. The park is home to hundreds of species of mammals, birds and reptiles, including several rare and endangered species such as black rhinoceroses.
The Etosha Salt Flat covers an area of 4,800 square kilometers and was formed 16,000 years ago. - nature reserves and national parks
Central Kalahari National Game Reserve
The Kalahari Game Reserve covers an area of 52,800 km² in the Kalahari Desert in Botswana. It's about twice more territory Massachusetts, making it the second largest nature reserve in the world. Its territory is characterized by vast open plains, salt lakes and ancient river beds. The land is mostly flat and slightly undulating, covered with bushes and grass, and also covers sand dunes and areas with large trees.
The park is home to such species of wild animals as giraffe, brown hyena, warthog, cheetah, wild dog, leopard, lion, blue wildebeest, eland, gemsbok, kudu and red tambourine.
Bushmen have inhabited the Kalahari for thousands of years since the Stone Age. They still live here and move around the territory as nomadic hunters.
national parks in africa
Bushmen in the Kalahari. - national parks of Africa
Nechisar National Park
Nechisar National Park occupies only 514 square meters. km., located in an excellent scenic part of the Rift Valley between two lakes. The park in the east is bordered by the Amaro Mountains, which rise to 2000 m, and in the north by Lake Abaya with eternally red waters (1070 sq. km.). In the south - with a little clear lake Chamo has an area of 350 km. To the east is the town of Arba Minch.
From a certain distance, the plains in the center appear white, which is where the name Nechisar or “white grass” comes from.
Nechisar National Park is considered important environment habitat for bird populations, especially migrating ones. It is home to kingfishers, storks, pelicans, flamingos and fish eagles.
Ngorongoro Game Reserve
Ngorongoro is located in northwestern Tanzania. Essentially, these are the remains of the old Ngorongoro volcano, which collapsed and formed a crater. Its steep slopes have become a natural refuge for the wide variety of wildlife that live here. On the plains beyond the crater, the Maasai people graze their livestock, seemingly oblivious to the herds of wild animals that fill the vast landscape. This area is also important in tracing human origins, as some of the earliest human remains and footprints have been discovered here. human activity, dating back to 3.5 million years.
View from the Ngorongoro crater. - national parks of Africa
Lake inside the Ngorongoro crater.
“In Africa there are sharks, in Africa there are gorillas, in Africa there are big angry crocodiles...” - it is difficult to forget that mixture of childhood curiosity and fear associated with this mysterious, and therefore alluring, distant land. Even as adults, we experience an interest that has remained in our minds since childhood: what kind of continent is this with its outlandish exotic beauties?
Unfortunately, Africa's evergreen rainforests, silent deserts, arrogant mountains, thundering waterfalls, grassy savannas and their inhabitants have become in need of protection. This is understood not only by African governments, but also by many people who come from all over the world to volunteer, which African reserves and national parks gratefully accept. Their enthusiasm and selfless work made it possible to preserve many species of plants and animals.
The first state structure for nature conservation in Africa was created in Tunisia in 1884, and only 40 years later the first national park, Taza, was founded here. Currently, on the continent there are more than 600 national parks, natural monuments and reserves protected by states, and 26 of them are included in the “List of World Cultural and natural heritage» UNESCO. It is prohibited not only to hunt there, but also to carry out any work related to changing the landscape. The remaining areas are partially protected; resort and tourism activities are allowed on them. Basically, protected areas lie in the eastern and southern parts of the continent. The largest number of reserves is located in Kenya, a country in eastern Africa.
On a huge territory of more than 20 thousand square meters. km, occupying 4% of the total area of Kenya, one of the largest national parks in Africa, Tsavo, was founded in 1948. A railway line runs through its territory, connecting the capital Nairobi with the popular seaside resort of Mombasa.
The road divides the park into two zones - western and eastern.
The western part is more suitable for civilized recreation. There are luxury hotels here, many of which have their own runway. East End– although more arid, it is no less interesting for tourists.
Visitors to the park are accompanied by rangers, who with pleasure and pride introduce vacationers to the Yatta Highlands, Mzima Springs, Ngulia Mountains, the Tsavo and Galana Rivers, the Idawe Hills and other natural attractions.
Particularly impressive is the Yatta Highlands, which was formed during the eruption of the Ol Doinio Sabuk volcano and is a 300-kilometer flow of solidified lava.
Another place that is definitely worth a visit is the Mzima springs, which release more than 500 million liters of water from the bowels of the earth every day.
This area is famous for its dense vegetation and exotic animals, whose life can be observed through the huge transparent wall of the underwater observatory that hosts tourists.
The flora of this vast territory is diverse. Thorn bushes grow in the savannas, and palm trees, baobabs, tamarind trees, acacias, reeds and many other plants grow along the river banks. The park is famous for its fauna. More than 60 species of animals live here: elephants, buffalos, antelopes, giraffes, rhinoceroses, lions and cheetahs. Along the banks of the rivers there are hippos and crocodiles.
Tsavo National Park is very popular among tourists; more than 250 thousand people visit it annually.
Another Kenyan national park, also very popular among tourists, is Aberdare, located on the territory of the mountain range of the same name.
Aberdare is proud of its picturesque landscapes: forests of giant trees, crystal clear waterfalls on icy rivers, wastelands overgrown with heather, bamboo jungles - you can admire all this forever. This park is listed by UNESCO.
The significant altitude above sea level (about 3000 meters) affected the flora and fauna of Aberdare. The impenetrable forests are home to elephants, monkeys, rhinoceroses, buffalos, leopards and many other animals. Visiting the park is limited to a small lowland on which two hotels are located.
From their observation platforms, curious tourists can observe the life of animals and enjoy the beauty of wild nature, revealed in all its splendor.
The highest single peak in the world that tourists can walk along is Mount Kilimanjaro; one of its three peaks, Kibo, rises 5895 m above sea level.
The other two are called Shira and Mawenzi. The foot of the mountain is also located quite high - at an altitude of 1830 meters. It's sleeping but not dormant volcano, which sometimes makes threatening sounds and emits a cloud of gases through the crater.
beauty surrounding nature Kilimanjaro National Park is complemented by a wealth of wildlife. Here you can find: elephants, rhinoceroses, leopards, lions, as well as several species of monkeys. The world of birds and insects is so diverse that it has always attracted researchers and biologists here.
The small Central African country of Rwanda is famous for its natural attraction, the Volcanic National Park, which occupies a relatively small area of 130 square meters. km. It was here that the Hollywood film “Gorillas in the Mist”, released in 1988, was filmed.
The park is located at an altitude of 2400-4500 m above sea level, this is a unique place where very rare apes live - mountain black gorillas.
There are only about 650 individuals throughout globe, half of them live here.
The territory of the park borders the country of Zaire, with which a guerrilla war has been waged for several years. Mines are occasionally found in the park, which do not particularly frighten tourists, but cause irreparable harm to the monkeys.
Tourism here is organized quite well, there are hotels, and excursions are organized. For example, during the dry season, vacationers are offered a hike to the extinct volcanoes of a sprawling mountain range, from where they can admire all the splendor of the surrounding nature.
In the southwestern part of the country of Uganda, on an area of 330 square meters. km stretches the Bwindi Impenetrable Forest, declared a national park in 1991. Tourist visits are very strict here; monkeys can only be observed if accompanied by a guide in groups of up to 6 people.
Despite rigid frames, the reserve is very popular, because this is a real African wild jungle, which not only looks mysterious and impenetrable, but actually is so.
An excursion through the jungle can give you a unique experience. Walking along barely visible paths amid the silence of tall trees and under the supervision of lurking animals is not for the faint of heart.
An excellent example of excellent wildlife management is the Kruger National Park in South Africa. Looking at the magnificent nature, it is difficult to imagine how many hardships this land has endured. The Anglo-Boer Wars, plague epidemics, poaching that exterminated all living things - in addition to these misfortunes, the territory of the park was chosen as a refuge by escaped convicts, prisoners and criminals hiding from the law.
In 1900, President Paul Kruger convinced the Tranvaal Parliament to declare this territory protected by the state, hunting was banned here, and a few years later, all residents were evicted from here. The park is a living memorial to Kruger and his associates.
All this is already a thing of the past, and today the protected area is almost 20 thousand square meters. km annually receives more than a million tourists, who are attracted not only rich nature, but also history. Many traces of ancient settlements have been found on the territory of the Kruger Park; there are unique rock paintings dating back to the Stone Age.
The Kruger National Park includes as many as six unique ecosystems. This:
- Lebombo acacia bushveld;
- sandy baobab veld;
- mapane bush;
- mixed acacia forest;
- red willow forests;
- forests of river valleys.
At first glance, Kruger National Park can be considered a lost world.
This illusion is violated only by comfortable guest houses equipped with all the amenities of civilization, which are called lodges here. Accommodation in them, as well as the services of rangers and safari guides, are quite expensive. How could it be otherwise in a national park that generates the largest income among all the reserves in the world?
Hello to all readers of the blog site! Today I have prepared for you a lot of interesting information about the creation of nature reserves in Africa, a little about this incredible beauty of nature, about all sorts of animals living there, etc. Enjoy...
Due to man's irresponsible attitude towards nature, many species of the once richest flora and fauna of the African continent have irrevocably disappeared from the face of the planet. National parks and reserves are being created on the “dark continent” to prevent such devastation of nature.
National parks of Africa.
Almost 4% (about 1,170,880 sq. km) of the entire African territory was taken under protection by 1990. Pongola, the first African nature reserve, was established back in 1894 in South Africa, although most of the current protected areas have appeared relatively recently.
862,940 sq. km of continental territory, according to International Union nature conservation and natural resources(MSPR), is under full protection, and excludes the conduct of any mining and forestry work.
These areas contain national parks (where visitors are allowed only subject to minimal changes to the landscape), natural monuments, nature reserves and other attractions.
Partial protection applies to the remaining 307,940 sq. km, this means that in these territories the land can be used for resort and tourism infrastructure and for some types of mining operations.
There are many protected areas throughout Africa, but in the south and east of the continent there are the most picturesque and extensive reserves, and UNESCO has classified some of them as world natural and cultural heritage.
World Heritage of Humanity.
There are 601 protected areas with an area of over 1000 hectares in Africa. International Committee world heritage, 26 of them are classified as official List of World Cultural and Natural Heritage of Humanity.
The objects included in this List are "outstanding value global significance» due to their cultural and historical importance, natural features or a combination of all these factors.
Objects World Heritage in the early 80s last century, were declared together with the adjacent conservation area in central and northern Tanzania.
In the southeast of Algeria, Tassili-Ajjer with a combination of cultural monuments and unique natural conditions– is another site on the World Heritage List. This sandstone plateau, due to erosion of the rock, dotted with intricate patterns, is known for its unique geological formations.
Scientists have discovered patterns on these formations rock art which are perfectly preserved. The age of the drawings is approximately determined at 10 thousand years; the climate of the Sahara at that time was quite rainy, and lush grasses grew in what is now the desert.
North Africa.
Most North African countries had almost no protected areas until the 1960s. In 1884, only in Tunisia appeared civil service forestry, and subsequently restrictions on hunting were introduced. And in Algeria, the first North American national park was approved in 1923.
Today for protection individual species animals, national parks have been created in North Africa. For example, in the Taza National Park - Barbary macaques, in the Toubkal Park, in the middle of the High Atlas ridge in Morocco - representatives of the mountain fauna, in the Tenere and Aire natural reserves in Nigeria - oryx and rare mendes antelopes.
Several nature reserves have also been created in the coastal areas of this region. For example, on the coast of Mauritania, Ban d'Arguin is a wetland where millions of birds spend the winter. The rare Berber deer and caracals are found in the same wetland in Algeria's El Kala National Park.
Deforestation, combined with overgrazing and drought in the depleted grasslands of the Sahel plain, have taken a huge toll on wild North Africa. This effect was also aggravated by wars, including in Algeria, where chemical defoliants were actively used during the fighting for independence of 1952 - 1962. Awareness of the need for environmental protection is growing along with the importance of tourism for the development of these countries.
West and Central Africa.
In one of the most densely populated areas - West Africa, demographic growth has led to the disappearance of a significant part of the rain forests and savannas that once existed there, and consequently of many biological species.
Over 100 years, up to 90% of the forests in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Nigeria and Côte d'Ivoire have been cleared due to logging. Even in the forests of the Taï National Park in Côte d'Ivoire, poaching, gold exploration and timber logging continue unabated. Ecologists in a number of countries are actively searching for optimal methods of environmental protection that would be consistent with the needs of the population, often living in poverty.
In 1979, a campaign was organized within the framework of the project "Mountain Gorilla", the purpose of which was: to form among the local population careful attitude to nature. One of the most densely populated countries is Rwanda.
A 1980 study in Rwanda found that areas Volcanoes National Park, the habitats of unique gorillas - more than half of Rwandan farmers are not averse to using them to create farms there.
Environmentalists toured almost all the villages, convincing local residents in the need to save gorillas, in particular, pointing out the importance of these animals for the development of one of the main sources of employment in the country - tourism.
The same survey in 1984 showed that the number of people wishing to use park lands for agricultural needs had already decreased to 18%. The gorilla population began to increase towards the end of the 80s, but in the 90s. mass migration of residents and war reduced all previous efforts to zero.
East Africa.
It is quite difficult to protect and manage forest reserves, and not everyone gets to see animals there. Therefore, in Africa, the most popular reserves are in the savannah - a tropical steppe with rare individual trees.
Both predatory (leopards, lions, cheetahs) and herbivorous (rhinoceros, antelopes, elephants, buffalos, giraffes, zebras, gazelles, etc.) wild animals are found in the savannah of East Africa.
Savannah-dwelling jackals, wild dogs and hyenas feed on carrion. Crowds of tourists are of course attracted by this diversity of fauna. In Kenya in 1990, tourism income was US$467 million, more than the combined volume of the country's two main exports - tea and coffee.
IUCN in 1990 compiled a list of 36 protected areas in Kenya, including 3 national parks of historical and archaeological significance, 3 marine national parks and 16 major national reserves, reserves and parks.
Tsavo Park, located along the Nairobi-Mombasa road, is the largest national park. This park is famous unique population elephants, the area of Tsavo Park is 20,807 sq. km.
Nairobi National Park is located only 6 km from the capital of Kenya, the park area is only 114 square meters. km., but despite its size, on its territory the park accommodates an amazing variety of animal species, including lions, leopards and cheetahs and natural environments.
Tourism in Tanzania is not as developed as in Kenya, however, the potential of nature reserves and game reserves in this country is truly enormous. There are 6 major national parks in Tanzania (in addition to the Ngorongoro Crater and the famous Serengeti) and several game reserves, which may well be awarded the status of national parks in the near future.
Serengeti is a national park in northern Tanzania, one of the largest parks in the world. It is located at a distance of 320 km from Arusha, at an altitude of 910 m to 1820 m above sea level, its area is 1.3 million hectares. "Serengeti" means "endless plains" in the Maasai language.
The Serengeti is the first of all African reserves total number animals and the number of species that inhabit it. More than 1.5 million large mammals, mainly ungulates, live within the reserve.
About 35 different species of animals can be seen here, including " big five» - leopards and lions, elephants, hippopotamuses and buffaloes. Other animals include rhinoceroses, giraffes, zebras, Thomson and Grant's gazelles, wildebeest, cheetahs, hyenas, crocodiles, baboons and other monkeys, as well as more than 500 species of birds - jabiru stork, flamingos and others.
- an extinct shield volcano, up to 2338 m high, located near the western edge of the Rift Zone, in northern Tanzania, on the border with Kenya. Steep cliffs of the crater walls border on spacious valleys covered with bushes and grass.
The reserve, spread around the Ngorongoro Crater, covers an area of about 800 thousand hectares, after it received the official status of an International Conservation Zone and Biosphere Reserve, its importance has increased.
This area was once part of the national Serengeti park, but as a reserve it performs two main tasks - preserving the natural resources of the region, as well as protecting the interests and traditional way of life of the Maasai tribe, which grazes large herds here cattle, goats and sheep.
The center of the reserve is the Ngorongoro Caldera, one of the largest calderas in the world. Her total area– 264 km 2, depth – 970 to 1800 m, length 22 km. Two destroyed craters are located in the southwestern part, one of these craters is filled by Lake Magadi Ngorongoro.
The savanna feeds many different herbivores, especially during the dry season, when there is enough food for more than 2 million herbivores different sizes. Like a catalog of African fauna, here begins the list of animals: zebra, wildebeest, buffalo, Thomson and Grant's gazelles, giraffe, eland and warthog, two-horned rhinoceros, elephant.
Most of these animals roam the vast Serengeti, while others, such as the hippopotamus, live near swamps and. Where there is plenty of prey, there are also predators; Ngorongoro Reserve supports spotted hyena, lion, jackal, leopard, cheetah and serval populations.
Uganda has some wonderful parks, but in the 70s and 80s. last century, during civil wars, they were inflicted huge damage, and the desperate population, in order not to die of hunger, shot many animals.
South Africa.
The list of the most unique protected regions in the world includes the continental part of South Africa. About 7% of the territory is under state protection, although in the 80s - 90s. During the civil wars in Mozambique and Angola, this did not go unnoticed for wildlife.
Botswana has the largest concentration of parks and game reserves, with 17% of the country's land area being protected. Back in the 90s. XX in the environmental movement originated in Africa. Of the 43 government protected areas by 1929, 27 were in South Africa.
The most famous national park in this region has its origins from the Sabi and Shingwedzi reserves. The merger of these reserves occurred with the adoption of the National Parks Act in 1926, in what was then the Transvaal, a province in the northeast of the region.
Occupying an area of 19,485 sq. km, Kruger Park shelters on its territory great amount animals taking advantage of the diversity of natural environments. Such rare species of animals as white rhinoceroses are found in this park.
In South Africa, according to the IUCN, in 1990 there were 178 conservation areas with a total area of 63 100 km2. km, this is 5.2% of the total area of the country. In addition to the Kruger Park, the picturesque Golden Gate Highlands, the Kalahari Jemsbok, through which the migration routes of a huge number of antelopes pass, and the Addo Elephant National Park near Port Elizabeth are famous.
Zimbabwe and Madagascar.
The amazingly picturesque Victoria Falls Park and the neighboring Zambezi National Park are located in Zimbabwe. - one of the most remarkable nature reserves in the world, inhabited by rare animals, is located in the north-west of the country. Great national monument nature and park of Zimbabwe - is of extraordinary historical interest.
The island of Madagascar in eastern Africa is striking in the number of living animals. It is the island nature of the state that determines the uniqueness of this biodiversity.
Madagascar fauna and flora have evolved and been enriched with new species over many millennia. But the destructive impact of civilization has not escaped the environment - 45 species and subspecies of the rarest lemurs are under threat of extinction, and almost 4/5 of the forests have been cut down.
The country does not have sufficient resources to ensure control over compliance with environmental legislation, even despite the creation of nature reserves in 1927.
Forecast.
African ecologists face many serious problems caused by the growing agro-industrial potential of countries and demographic factors. But there are still reasons for optimism.
It can be expected, especially in countries dependent on tourism, that the area of protected areas will still expand. It is also encouraging that among African population awareness of the benefits of environmental activities is increasing: public organizations environmental protection.
Creation biosphere reserves is a reflection modern trend environmental activities. In these reserves, the central area is fully protected; it is surrounded by a buffer zone and then by an external territory; industrial exploitation and tourist visits are allowed.
Modern technologies play an important role. Radio tracking devices record the migrations of animals, and any changes in the nature of vegetation are noted by satellite devices. Large animals, if necessary, are immobilized and moved to a safe place, and rare species They are allowed to breed in captivity, then released into their usual habitat.
And yet it seems to me that this is a fairy tale... It’s so tempting and beautiful there, lakes, volcanoes, pink flamingos... Oh... I JUST WANT TO THERE!!!
Hot and welcoming Africa happily opens the doors of its most intimate and interesting places. Safari - please, wild and exotic animals - please. The entire animal world of Africa is open to visitors, and you can see it in the most beautiful and famous national parks and reserves in Africa.
It is with them that we want to introduce you in this article, take you into the world of animals and birds and show what secrets mysterious Africa keeps.
This park is famous for the annual migration of zebras, wildebeest, gazelles and, accordingly, the predators that hunt them. The national park is considered one of the most undisturbed ecological systems in the world. It is also the oldest park in Africa.
The park is located in Tanzania, the coordinates of the park are 2°19′51″ S. w. 34°50′00″ E. d. Upon arrival, you can stay at the Serengeti Safari Camp and spend an unforgettable time traveling through the valleys and expanses of Tanzania.
Perhaps this is the most famous and popular nature reserve in Africa. It is located in one of the districts of Kenya called Narok. The coordinates of the reserve are 1°29′24″ S. w. 35°08′38″ E. d. It is named after the tribe that lives here.
From September to October, an impressive event takes place in this reserve - the wildebeest migration. In general, the reserve is a continuation of the Sarengeti National Park. But most of all it is famous for the lions that live here in large numbers.
Upon arrival, you can stay at one of the many campsites located on site.
Unlike the previous two, this park is located in the jungle, and you can only travel through it on foot. This park is located in the Albertine Valley, the coordinates of the park are 1°03′29″ S. w. 29°42′01″ E. d.
Here you can enjoy the largest number the most diverse trees in Africa. The park is also home to exotic and stunningly beautiful butterflies.
Gorilla safari is popular here and there is even a cottage called Gorilla Safari Lodge. The official website of the park will inform you about all the details of your stay.
This is both a nature reserve and a national park at the same time. Also, this is the very first national park in Africa. It has the most a large number of mammals, the most popular of which are lions, rhinoceroses, elephants, leopards and buffaloes. The park coordinates are 24°00′41″ S. w. 31°29′07″ E. d.
It is open from 6.00 to 17.30, and on its territory you can stay in both private campsites and regular recreational sites. You can book your safari and arrival time on the official website.
Already from the name it becomes clear that it is located in the Kalahari Desert in Botswana. This is the second largest nature reserve in the world. The desert, you might think, what to do there. Despite this, the park contains salt lakes and ancient riverbeds along with sand dunes. This park has the largest concentration of wild animals in the world.
The most famous residents are white rhinoceroses, crocodiles, hippopotamuses, giraffes, wild dogs, cheetahs, hyenas and, of course, lions and leopards. The coordinates of the reserve are 21°53′22″ S. w. 23°45′23″ E. d. Of course, the infrastructure is developed here and anyone can visit and even hunt wild animals.
National parks and reserves of Africa have a special charm, and the point is not even in the famous safaris, the point is rather in the fact that they have retained their pristine beauty, pristineness, grandeur and a certain inaccessibility. These factors attract millions of tourists from all over the world to unravel the mysteries and mysteries of the beautiful African nature.
Maltsev Igor
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Africa is a continent with great variety flora and fauna, much more than on any other continent on our planet. Thanks to great variety climatic zones From subarctic to tropical, Africa has a variety of habitats: tropical rainforests, savannas, plains, and the arid Sahara Desert. Africa's reserves date back to the first government structure for the protection of forests, which was created in Tunisia in 1884, and almost 40 years later the first Taza National Park was established in the country. Now in North Africa There are national parks created to protect certain species of animals. The African continent has 335 national parks, protecting more than 1,100 species of mammals, 100,000 species of insects, 2,600 species of birds and 3,000 species of fish.
Continent: Africa Location: Algeria Taza National Park is one of Algeria's smallest protected areas. The central natural formation in the park is the Petite Kabylie mountain range. The park also covers 10,500 hectares of Guerrouch forest and 9 km of Mediterranean coastline. The climate in Taza Park is humid Mediterranean, with annual precipitation ranging from 1000 to 1400 mm, and average annual temperature is 18°C, there are almost never temperatures below freezing here. Taza National Park
The flora is quite diverse, but the most common species in the park are the trees of Quercus canary grass, B. afares and Q. saber, sticky alder, Prunus avium, Salix pedicellata, Fraxinus angustifolia and Acer monspessulanum. In general, the local forests have a varied composition and range from 350 m to 1121 m above sea level. The fauna of the park is capable of surprising; it contains such unique mammals as magots, recognized as an endangered species. In addition to primates, the following animals live in Taza Park: cheetah, maned ram, gundi, caracal, horse and saber-horned antelope, rock hyrax, sand cat and other mammals. Hyraxes or fat hyraxes are not the most typical mammal for Africa, but in the Taza National Park they are found in large number. The hyrax itself is a small, stocky, herbivorous animal. In Africa, the yellow-spotted or mountain hyrax, also known as Bruce's hyrax, is found. It has the following appearance. The body is elongated by 32.5-56 cm, weight is approximately 1.3-4.5 kg, and females are slightly larger than males. The mountain hyrax is quite densely built and has a narrower muzzle than other hyraxes, for example, Cape hyraxes. Externally, Bruce's hyrax looks like guinea pig or a groundhog. Hairline dense and rough, up to 30 mm long, with black tips. The fur color can be gray or brownish-red, the belly always differs in color - either white or cream. The dorsal gland (up to 1.5 cm long) has yellow. Vibrissae up to 90 mm long grow on the hyrax’s muzzle. Mountain hyraxes prefer to settle on rocky hills, screes and mountain slopes. In the mountains they can be found up to an altitude of 3,800 m above sea level. Mountain hyraxes live in colonies of up to 34 individuals, the basis of this life is a harem, i.e. The group includes one adult male, up to 17 adult females and young animals. Hyraxes are active during the day or during bright moonlit nights. If a hyrax senses danger, it emits shrill screams, thereby giving others a signal to hide. Hyraxes are capable of speeds of up to 5 m/s; They jump well.
Tsavo National Park Location: Coastal Province, Kenya (between Nairobi and Mombasa) Total area: 22 thousand square meters. km. Year of foundation: 1944 Tsavo National Park is one of the largest national parks in the world. The park is divided into two zones - Tsavo East and Tsavo West. The landscape of East Tsavo is represented by a grassy savannah with thickets of thorny bushes, as well as marshy areas near the Voi River. Animal world The reserve is very diverse. Live here: lions, leopards, cheetahs, zebras, giraffes, servals, spotted hyenas, ostriches, gazelles, buffalos, and various types of antelope. Also, more than 500 species of birds nest in the park, including migratory ones, settling here from late October to January. Sedentary species also live here: palm vulture, many species of weavers. Thus, the largest population of African elephants lives here, which numbers up to seven thousand individuals. These animals love to pour red clay on themselves, which is why they are often called “red elephants.”
East Tsavo The territory of East Tsavo is essentially an arid savannah, which is strewn with bushes and many swamps. Here is the largest plateau on the planet - the Yatta Plateau, formed from cooled lava. During droughts, the Aruba Dam, where animals come to drink, almost completely dries out. In this case, the animals go to the Athi River, which during high water (May, June, November) appears in all its splendor and ends with the seething Lugard Falls. The reservoirs are home to a huge number of Nile crocodiles, which hunt inattentive mammals trying to quench their thirst. In Tsavo East you can see elephants, ostriches, hippos, cheetahs, lions, giraffes, herds of zebras and antelopes. Near the waterfall there is a black rhinoceros reserve. All conditions have been created here to increase the population of these animals, since due to poachers their number has decreased to fifty individuals. This part of the park is a nesting site for many migratory birds that arrive here at the end of October from Europe. Water cutters, palm vultures, weaver birds and other birds live here.
What is Tsavo West like? The territory of Western Tsavo, compared to Eastern Tsavo, is much smaller. The area of this part of the national park is seven thousand square kilometers. However, there is quite a diverse flora and fauna here, with approximately 70 species of mammals living in these parts. The landscape of Western Tsavo is more rocky and there are also more varieties of vegetation here than in the eastern part. Chulu is also located here - these are young mountains that were formed from compressed ash as a result of a volcanic eruption. They rise at an altitude of two thousand meters and absorb moisture, and then, feeding underground springs, return it to the earth. According to researchers, the age of the youngest mountain is approximately five hundred years. This part of Tsavo Park is also famous for the underground springs Mzima Springs, which translates as “living”. With the help of groundwater coming to the surface, many reservoirs were formed in the reserve, which provide mammals with vital moisture. Here you can often find hippos swimming, and white and black rhinoceroses wander into the green thickets surrounding the lake. The latter can be seen only at night, during their activity, since these animals wait out the heat of the day in the shade of trees.
Serengeti and Ngorongoro National Parks South-east of Kilimanjaro in Tanzania is another of Africa's famous national reserves - the Serengeti. By the way, Tanzania is the country where the most nature reserves are located in Africa. The area of the Serengeti is more than 15 thousand square meters. km, it is the largest in the country. The ecosystem of this reserve has been least affected by human activity. The huge plateau on which the park is located is home to many species of animals and birds. It is very interesting to watch them, for example, during a safari. Particularly impressive are the spectacles of animal migration during periods of drought, when endless lines of living creatures move, covering a total of thousands of kilometers.
The central attraction of the Ngorongoro Nature Reserve in Tanzania, formerly part of the Serengeti Park, is considered to be the extinct, destroyed crater of an ancient volcano. Its dimensions are amazing: diameter - more than 20 km; depth – 610 m; total area – 270 sq. km. It is interesting that the crater has its own unique biosystem - many species of animals living here have never been outside its boundaries. The total number of animals inhabiting the crater exceeds 25 thousand. Inside the crater there is unusual lake Magadi is salty, formed by hot springs. There are several people living on the lake interesting species birds including flamingos, herons and pelicans. On the slope near the crater there is the grave of German zoologists Bernhard and Mikael Grzimek, who made a huge contribution to the research, conservation and popularization of the Serengeti and Ngorongoro parks.
Masai Mara National Reserve The Masai Mara is a nature reserve in southwestern Kenya. It is the northern extension of the Serengeti National Park. The reserve is named after the Maasai tribe, the traditional population of the region, and the Mara River, which divides it. The Masai Mara is famous for the large number of animals that live there, as well as the annual wildebeest migration that takes place in September and October. Area 1510 km2. Located in the East African Rift System, stretching from the Red Sea to South Africa. The landscapes of the Masai Mara are grassy savanna with acacia groves in the southeastern part. The western border of the reserve is formed by one of the slopes of the rift valley, and this is where most of the animals live, as the marshy area guarantees access to water. The eastern border is located 220 km from Nairobi, which is most visited by tourists.
The Masai Mara is most famous for its lions, which live here in large numbers. It is home to the most famous pride of lions, called the swamp pride. According to unofficial data, it has been monitored since the late 1980s. In the early 2000s, a record was recorded for the number of individuals in one pride - 29 lions. The reserve is home to cheetahs, which are endangered, mainly due to the irritation factor of tourists interfering with their daytime hunt. . The Masai Mara has the largest population of leopards in the world. All other Big Five animals also live in the reserve. The black rhinoceros population is critically endangered, with only 37 individuals recorded in 2000. Hippopotamuses in large groups live in the Mara and Talek rivers. The largest population of animals in the reserve are wildebeest. Every year, around July, these animals migrate in huge herds north from the Serengeti plains in search of fresh grass, and return back south in October. Other antelopes also live in the Masai Mara: Thomson's gazelle, Grant's gazelle, impala, topi, etc. Zebras and giraffes also live. The Masai Mara is major center Spotted hyena research. More than 450 bird species have been recorded in the reserve.
Kruger National Park Kruger National Park is one of the largest game reserves in Africa and one of the largest national parks in the world. Its area is 19,485 square kilometers. It is also the first national park in South Africa, which opened in 1926, although the park has been protected by the state since 1898. The park is located in the east former province Transvaal between the Limpopo and Crocodile rivers (now the park territory is included in the provinces of Mpumalanga and Limpopo). To the east, the park borders Mozambique. The total length of the park from north to south is 340 km. The three main parts of the park (northern, central and southern) are formed by the Ulifants and Sabie rivers. The climate in the park is subtropical, the rainy season is usually from October to March (inclusive)
The territory of the Kruger Park is dominated by park savannah vegetation characterized by open forests, dry deciduous forests, and cereals. Part of the park located north of the river Ulifants, is a veld mopane, while South part is a thornveld. The park is home to 17 of the 47 species of trees protected by the state. Inhabited by elephants, hippopotamuses, giraffes, rhinoceroses, lions, leopards, Nile crocodiles, 17 species of antelope. According to the park management, about 1,500 lions, 12,000 elephants, 2,500 buffalos, 1,000 leopards and 5,000 rhinoceroses (both white and black) live in its territory.
Mammals of Nyala Park African elephants Leopard Warthog White rhinoceros African buffalo
Birds of the park More than 400 species of birds live in the park. Silver eagle Brown-headed alcyone Toko Tockus leucomelas Buffoon eagle Common guinea fowl Roller
From the snow-capped heights to the scorched land of the Bushveld, from subtropical beaches to the Kalahari Desert... South Africa is a territory where the incongruous combine in an unimaginable way. The best landscapes and the most fascinating places are concentrated in the country's parks and reserves. This is where it is best to get acquainted with wildlife, enjoying its virgin purity and pristineness.
http://www.krasnayakniga.ru/taza-nacionalnyy-park https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0% 91%D1%80%D1%8E%D1%81%D0%B0#/media/File:Ein_klippschliefer.jpg http://goodnewsanimal.ru/news/afrikanskij_gryzun_gundi/2013-05-08-3241 https://ru .wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB http://womanadvice.ru/nacionalnyy-park-cavo http: //phototravelguide.ru/nacionalnye-parki-zapovedniki/masai-mara-keniya/ http://phototravelguide.ru/nacionalnye-parki-zapovedniki/ngorongoro/
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