Iskander Czodder is an operational-tactical rocket complex increased mobility capable of short term Change the position and start two missiles of medium and far radius action.
The complex is crowned in Russian system The deterrence of NATO forces and the United States. The reason for the creation was the deployment western countries Pro Systems, along the borders of the Russian Federation, allegedly to counteract the nuclear threat from Iran.
Advantages of Foci Iskander
According to TTX Iskander or 9k720, equipped with rockets capable of hitting the object at a distance of 500 km. This distance is specified in the contract to reduce and eliminate missile armament of small and medium-range - RSMD.
Under the terms of the US agreement and the USSR were obliged to get rid of missiles of the range described. For this reason Soviet Union He wrote off the predecessor "Iskander", "OKU".
The United States and the USSR are obliged to get rid of high-range missiles.
However, the Americans themselves violate the terms of the contract. They are the development of new missile systems of small-medium-range. Most of this weapon is placed on rocket cruisers and is carried by specialized aviation. For example, the "Reaper" and "predator" aircraft.
Even stirred on the territory of Romania and Poland elements of pro have a double purpose and are able to start not only the anti-missiles, but also the Tomahawk rockets equipped with nuclear warheads.
Analogue of "Iskander" SPC "Patriot" - the main system about the US and a number of NATO countries It was this reason that provoked the development and development of the Iskander, a new generation weapon. According to NATO classification, this weapon has the designation of SS-26 Stone and is considered the most dangerous product of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The 9k720 division is comparable to US Aviation Group.
According to experts, the cumulative blow of the complexes is able to go through the system of pro and air defense existing in Europe, causing a crushing blow to strategic points and "hacking" defense for subsequent blows of the winged missiles.
A bit of history
"Iskander" are relatively new missile complex and does not have any outstanding history.
The first steps
She went to the second world War. The German army threw one power behind the other and, it seemed that the victorious March of the Third Reich would stop nothing. Poland, Benilyux Countries, France ...
Somewhere the Nazis met fierce resistance. In other places they were welcomed as friends.
Gradually, the German army acquired the status of an invincible.
In June 1941, on the night of the 22nd number, without declaring the war, Reich invads the territory of the USSR. Soviet parts were broken, battles were transferred to the depths of the country. It seemed that the Germans would not stop nothing.
However, the Soviet people endured the brown onslaught. The troops of the fascists were first bonded not far from Moscow, and then they were thrown away from the capital to a decent distance.
The battle for Moscow, though he did not become a turning point, but showed that Fritz was not invincible. The turning point came after the battle on the Kursk arc. Hundreds of thousands of soldiers participated in the front fights, hundreds of aircraft circled in the sky, the expense of the destroyed tanks was hundreds.
It was this battle that became a turning point of the entire World War II - the army motion vector was changed to the polar.
Seeing that things on the fronts are unsuccessful, Hitler ordered to step up the development of new types of weapons capable of stopping the enemy and not to give it to step on Germany.
Fau - the first combat rocket of the Germans during the Second World War.
One of the projects that received additional financing was the development of the FAU-projectile aircraft. In essence, it was the first combat rocket.
With the help of them, it was planned to destroy strategic objects and communications. Fau was actively tested until 1944, when most of the rocket manufacturing factories were destroyed or captured.
Following the world, the second world of German specialists transported to the USSR. German scientists actively worked for the benefit of the country's country.
Contrary to the objectionarity of scientists and engineers did not memorize. On the contrary, people received a reinforced soldering. Thanks to their works, the development of reactive aviation was forced. Including various kinds of rocket.
It was from German scientists who began a domestic rocket building.
Using their developments, Soviet scientists created a base, on the basis of which flights in space and the appearance of means of delivery of nuclear ammunition were possible.
A little later, but not yet "Iskander"
The development of diverse rocket systems was widely distributed during the reign of Nikita Khrushchev. The Secretary General loved this class of weapons and saw ingenuated potential in it. Thanks to Khrushchev, the development of the ICBM was forced. Many consider it particularly the main achievement of the head of the USSR.
It was at that time that the development of the R-17 missile began. Compared to the predecessor of the P-11, the new model had a greater radius of the flight and carried to a ton of payload. For example, a fragmentary feus charge increased power or nuclear warhead for several kilotons.
Flight range Iskander reached 240 km. There was a launch from a mobile chassis.
reached the flight range of the first missiles "Iskander"
Another name of the 9P117 complex is "Skad". It is under this title that the installation is known in the world. Adopted in 1962, it was used by the USSR and countries Warsaw Treaty. However, after the development of a new complex, 9P117 began to export to the countries of the Middle East. For example, in Egypt and Iraq.
Middle East never differed calmness. During the twentieth century, conflicts between countries regularly occurred there.
Skad used the Egyptian side during the "War of the Judgment Day" in 1973. Boots were applied in the Israeli sun.
In 1991, during the war in the Persian Gulf, Iraq was struck by the Israeli territory. "Patriot" bought from Americans, "Patriot" did not help.
"Oka", almost, "Iskander"
No matter how good was the complex 9k72, but time takes its own. New technologies appear, races in the development of electronics are performed, the requirements of the military are raised.
For this reason, in the mid-70s of the last century, work started to create a new rocket Installation - PCC "Oka". The general designer was appointed S. invincible. It is worth noting that later he took part in the creation of "Iskander".
in the summer of this year, the first tests of the rocket complex
For the first time, the complex was tested in the summer of 1978. The tests took place at the Kapustin Yar polygon.
It is worth noting interesting fact: This landfill was a test area for most Soviet-Russian missiles over long years.
In total, during the tests of "Oka" produced within 30 launches. The complex was adopted by the USSR Armed Forces in 1980
PCC "Oka": the victim of the RMSD contract The rocket used by the complex could develop speed up to 5m. Flight range - 500 km. Characteristics allowed to effectively overcome the defense of the enemy and hit command points, warehouses and other infrastructure. As a warhead, it was possible to apply a nuclear charge with a capacity of 5 kilotons.
In 1987, Gorbachev signed an agreement on limiting the use of a medium-low radius missile. RSMD was also signed by the American side. As a result most The otrk "Oka" was written off and destroyed. True, the complex was in service standing until 2003. In limited quantities.
Until 2003, the Oka Oka stood in service with Russia.
By the way, the contract limit was distributed only to rockets with a range of flights less than 500 km and more than 5,500 km. It is based on new parameters that the following project began.
Development of "Iskander"
To say that "Iskander" was created in extremely simple and pleasant conditions, it means to sneak against the truth as much as possible.
First of all, it is worth starting with the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a new missile complex Iskander-M, whose characteristics did not have world analogues, offered S. invincible. The designer took into account all the limitations caused by the RSDD.
IN new Installation planned to use modern rockets Iskander, the TTX of which was allowed to overcome the enemy's echelonized defense on a distance exceeding 500 km of flight. However, the idea came across opposition from Gorbachev. Frankly, the "first" President of the USSR wrapped a lot of things.
Subsequently, after the decay of the country, the development still started. Chaos and confusion reigned in the country. Markets collapsed, production chains were disturbed. Designers for half a year not paid wages.
But the tests and tests of the complex continued. Not due to, but contrary to. The main problem was irregular financing. I had to carefully check each tested rocket and system.
this year the first working sample of the updated complex "Iskander" was demonstrated.
According to the results of a long and challenging work in 1999, the first working sample of the new complex "Iskander" was demonstrated within the framework of the International Aviation Meason. The novelty made an impression on all guests of the event. The development allocated a new portion of financing.
It is worth mentioning organizations that have taken direct participation in the design of the complex:
- KB Mechanical Engineering - Development of a rocket;
- CKB "Titan" - creating a launcher and chassis;
- NIIEP - engaged in the design of the entire automation of PCC.
Subsequently, in 2006, the first "Iskander" became the arms of the Russian Federation. Installations entered into the so-called perimeter of the "Access Prohibition Zones".
In addition to 9k720, the defense is included with S-400 Sprink (B, PO-500 Perspective) and elements of the Bastion Anti-Development Rocket System. The essence of the project is to immediately defeat any unfriendly object, illegally crossed the border of the perimeter.
Modification "E" comes to Armenia since 2016 In arms
"Iskander" consists in the arms of the two countries of the world: Russia and Armenia. According to data from open sources of the Russian Federation, 72 of Iskander-M complex uses and an unidentified amount of "Iskander-K". How many units of Revelations transferred to Armenia is unknown. The only information available information Delivery date is 2016.
Tactical and technical characteristics of Czander
Real parameters of PCC are unknown. The most obvious thing that can be said is - the complex carries 2 rockets with a range of targets 50 - 500 km. Start is carried out within a few minutes after a combat signal. After shooting PU departs from the start of the rocket starts in order to mask and evade the response strike.
Western weapon experts argue that 9k720 is able to hit targets over 5500 km. The main argument in favor of these discussions was the external appearance of the complex of the complex, the Iskander-M rocket looks like a "caliber". True, this or fiction is unknown.
Also experts of NATO countries argue that the Russian PCC is capable of performing the task more efficiently than the American analogue. The development of the United States in this category (LRPF missiles) is not able to hit the target over 500 km away.
Rocket destroyer "Donald Cook" with which compare "Iskander" Also often compare the TTX Iskander with American rocket destroyers like "Donald Cook". Moreover, many military analysts tend to believe that the Russian complex is more effective.
Rocket Iskander, the characteristics of which are kept in the strictest mystery, causes a wave of indignation and fear of NATO. main reason - The possibility of operational recovery. There is a process due to a special machine of escort. The ship has to go to the port for a similar procedure.
Basic TTH
| The rocket falls into the goal with the error, m | 5 – 30 |
| Weight rocket at start, t | 3,8 |
| Weight warheads, kg | 400 |
| Rocket height, m | 7,2 |
| Radius, see | 46 |
| Cruising Rocket Speed, M / s | 2 100 |
| The highest point of the ballistic trajectory, km | Exceeds 100. |
| Maximum lesion distance, km | "Iskander-M" - 500, "Iskander-C" - 2500 (from unconfirmed sources) |
| Minimum lesion distance, km | 50 |
| Preparation for shot, m | 4 – 16 |
| Time interval before starting the 2nd rocket, m | 1 |
| How much is the "Iskander" | 10 in polygonal conditions, 3 - in combat |
Options
Since the creation of the first samples of Iskander in 2006, a small range of modifications of this installation was created. In general, they differ in rockets carried out by a volley. In addition, the export option is devoid of part of the functionality, affordable products for the Russian army.
Czodder-M Federal Tax Service: Modification 2011 List of modifications:
- "Iskander-M" - Rocket complex (characteristics and video - below) Basic option. It has two missiles Iskander (Characteristics are classified) placed on PU. The chassis have increased crossings, Reb systems. Iskander-M TTH is much improved. There is a mobile command post. Rockets are able to overcome the defense of the enemy. For this applies whole line Technologies: High speed maneuvering capacity with overload up to 30 g, reset false elements, a special coating absorbs radio signals, small dimensions. The rocket comes to the target at an angle of 90 degrees;
- "Iskander-E" - The letter "E" means that the version is intended for export. Equipped with a rocket with a range of 280 km and weighing the warheads - 480 kg. In fact, is a significantly discarded version of the previous modification. The only country that bought the batch of complexes is Armenia. If there are others, the information is strictly classified;
- "Iskander-K" - The version on which the winged rockets with intellectual guidance are installed. The warhead has a mass of 480 kg. The flight speed is 2100 m / s. The height of the flight is 7 meters (when entering the target), 7 km - during the path to the specified object. At low heights, the rocket is able to overeat obstacles and follow the changes in relief. Flight range - 500 km. There is an option with the installation of the P-500 (range - 2 thousand km).
Starting rocket with "Iskander" 9k720 Most likely that the Operative Tactical Rocket Complex "Iskander-M" is subjected to further modification in closed KB. Judgment is justified common sense. After all, weapons are one of the most exposed to obsolescence of humanity.
Composition of complex
In addition to directly PU, the group includes 5 more types of machines. Each performs its functions. In total, every brigade includes 51 cars.
The composition of the division of the Iskander 9p78-1
These are self-propelled launchers. In total, the brigade includes 12 pieces. Their main purpose transportation and storage of missiles. Mass with full load is 42 tons. Mass of transported cargo - 19 tons.
The installation is mounted on the basis of the MAKT-7930 tractor. The chassis has a wheel formula 8 x 8 and can develop speed up to 70 km / h. The distance is 1000 km. All this is necessary for the operational transfer at any time of the day and at any distance. The crew has 3 people.
Chassis PU "Iskander" 9c552.
Command-staffing machine designed to manage all elements of PCC. Installed on the KAMAZ chassis 43101. There is a radio station "Aqueduct". The regular crew is 4 people. The division is completed with 11 such machines. The radio station is capable of accepting and transmitting a signal at a distance of 250 km (in, unfolded state). Marche - 50 km. Time autonomous work 2nd day.
MRTU
Machine for regulatory and repair work. The regular crew is 2 people. Used to check onboard equipment and current repairs. But the main task is to check the electronics of missiles. In automatic mode, the procedure takes 18 minutes. The machine is based on the KAMAZ chassis. Working weight - 13 tons.
9C920.
The machine designed to prepare flight information for missiles. Based on Kamaz chassis. Crew - 2 people. In fact, this is a server where all the information flows from various sources Careja: satellites, airplanes, drone. After processing, the information is transmitted on the PU, after which the rocket starts.
Life support machine
The main purpose of the machine to ensure the personnel of sleeping places, comfortable meals and other household conditions. In stock Sleeping places, lockers for storage of things, Runduki. There is a 300 L tank, water heating system, special pumps. The car based on KamAZ is based. The division includes 14 pcs.
Kao and Tst.
Specmashin, intended for the operational recharge of launchers. The procedure occupies, on average, 20 minutes. The second car is the simulator for the crew. It is imitation of combat situations.
It is also worth noting that an impressive group consisting of infantry compounds and armored groups (tanks, BMP) is given to the protection of the division of "Iskander" and related machines of provision. In addition, the division, being in a stationary position, is masked by the staff: camouflage network, Reb complexes, protection against thermal imaging detection.
Rocket design Краз К izander
For PFCs, two types of missiles are developed: a quasiballic and winged. In principle, they differ only on guidance systems and flight paths. The rest of the product is similar.
Rockets are able to maneuver at high speeds, when you choose the random trajectories of movement and reversal. At the same time, rockets are managed throughout the flight, which increases the accuracy of the hit.
Combat parts of missiles are designed to defeat various purposes. For example, there is a cassette warhead that can be separated into many parts and hit a large area. There are options for extremely accurate gets used to neutralize the command bins or elements of OB and air defense. In particularly sad cases, rockets are equipped with tactical nuclear charges, with a capacity of several kilotons.
During the flight, the rocket is capable of throwing elements of RES, which makes it difficult for the systems about the enemy. An additional factor is the small size of the flying rocket in the physical plane.
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Iskander - M. |
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Iskander - K (R-500) |
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Iskander - E. |
Combat use
If you believe in a variety of open sources, the Iskander missile and anti-aircraft complex was used only three times. Moreover, in one case, these were combat firing in the framework of joint exercises with Tajikistan.
The second case is to use multiple settings for the application of non-nuclear strikes on ISIL militants (the organization prohibited in Russia). There were launches in December 2017. The characteristics of "Iskander-M", declared by the developers, received combat confirmation.
The most controversial case is a statement that the Iskander missile complex, the characteristics of which guarantee the destruction of the living force and equipment of the enemy, was used during the Georgian-Ossetian conflict in August 2008.
Participation of the division of PCCs could not prove. Russian military refute these rumors. It is believed that the Georgian side adopted the starts of the Point-y missiles for 9k720, which were just used to disabre the infrastructure of the enemy.
Martial use of "Iskander" - basing in the West of the Russian Federation.
More precisely, in the Kaliningrad region. From the region, the rocket complex is able to hit a whole range of goals on the territory of the likely enemy. These are military airfields and NATO team centers in the Baltic States, elements about in Poland and Romania, strategic infrastructure structures on the territory of Denmark and Sweden. Also 9k720 posted on the territory of the Republic of Belarus.
| 2008 | Georgian-Ossetian conflict that occurred in August during the Olympics. The application case 9k720 was not recorded, but the Georgian authorities and a number of Western media claim the opposite. To apply point rocket strikes, a complex "Point-U" was used |
| 2016 | Teachings in Tajikistan. Rockets were amazed training goals, the operational range of Iskander-M was checked |
| 2017 | In December, the Iskander-M complex was delivered to Syria (the rocket characteristics required in real battle). Cases of combat use and damage to defensive structures are recorded. Probable goals: large formation of terrorist groups, warehouses with ammunition and accumulation of armored vehicles. |
The advantages and disadvantages of the Czander
Complex 9k720 relative to new, and a number technical parameters hidden from the public opinion. Therefore, to judge the real advantages and disadvantages of Iskander-M, the radius of whose defeat remains a mystery for opponents of Russia, is very difficult.
Most of the information refers to the official statements of Russian military and telecasts emerging in patriotic channels. What creates the impression of the "ideality" of military equipment. And not only "Iskander".
Most likely, in a few years (perhaps, dozens of years) will be open real opportunities complex. Judging by open information PCC is able to affect the goals passing through highly elastic defense. And it will be good if we never have to experience "Iskander-M" or "Iskander-K" on a real opponent. After all, first of all 9k720 is an intestinal instrument.
Elusive Rocket Avenger
In world politics magic wordsleading to the thrill whole governments of countries. For example, the phrase "chemical weapons in Syria", or "Iran's nuclear weapon" causes political elite countries The state of extreme military-diplomatic excitement. However, in the speed of the reaction of the progressive public to such phrases, there are no equal to our "". Mention of PFC "Iskander-M"Especially in the context of its placement in someone's borders, inevitably the media reaction, military and politicians of the border countries and their Western suzerens will inevitably enter themselves. Let's deal with what the secret is so frightening our neighbors magic properties of this operational tactical missile complex.
The problem of a missile complex "Iskander" thing is it is impossible to "catch". First, because during the flight process maneuver with huge overloads, which are still inaccessible to any rocket-interceptor, consisting of countries in the world. Secondly, it flies very low - up to 6 meters from the surface at speeds 4 Maha.Therefore, it is almost impossible to move it using standard radar means. Thirdly, throws false goals to deceive the enemy radar, sets active radio interference and "jam" all emitters for which they are oriented in the space system space.
The principle of impeachment systems with the scientific name of correlation-extremal, is that optical equipment forms the area of \u200b\u200bthe area in the area of \u200b\u200bthe target, which is compared in the onboard computer with the reference, after which corrective signals are issued to the rocket controls.
Optical GSN Universal and places only one requirement for an inertial rocket management system: withdraw the last to the point in which optics begins to see the goal. The existing active agents are impressed against such a head, which are very effectively counteracting self-deploy radar systems. High Sensitivity GOS allows work even in a moonn nightthat favorably distinguishes a new system from existing analogues. In addition, optical systems do not need signals from cosmic radionavigation systems, such as American Cavatur, which in crisis cases can be turned off with its owners or disabled radio interfacing. By the way, many potential Customers "Iskander-E" put forward the requirements of independence from satellite navigation. At the same time, the complexation of inertial controls with satellite navigation equipment and optical GSN allows you to create a missile affecting the specified purpose almost in any conceivable conditions.
Information about the object of the lesion is transmitted from the satellite, an intelligence aircraft or to prepare information (PPI). It calculates the flight task for the rocket, which is then broadcast on the radio channels to the command and boring machines (CSM) of the division and battery commanders, and from there - on starting installations. Teams for starting missiles can be formed both in KSM, and come from the departments of the senior artillery bosses. PPP and CSM equipment built on local networks russian EUM.Moreover functional purpose The control facility complex depends only on software and can be easily upgraded to control various fire facilities.
October 11, 2011, it was announced the completion of the first stage of testing updated "Iskander-M" With a new combat equipment - with new system Rab, which ensures the cover of the rocket on the final portion of the flight. This system includes means of statement of passive and active interference overview and shooting radar radar and anti-missile defense The enemy, through noise and emissions of false purposes. Since 2013, new rockets have begun to deliver to the Russian Army.
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SS-26 "Iskander" is a missile operational and tactical complex designed to damage the area and small-sized goals in the depths of the operational arrangement of the enemy's troops by combat parts used in conventional equipment. The operational tactical missile complex "Iskander" was created in the conditions of the current agreement on the missiles of small and medium-range 1987, as well as refusing to use nuclear weapons in hostilities opposing the parties. The missile complex "Iskander" in connection with this was created taking into account the new requirements, which were presented to the desired complexes:
- the use of combat units only in conventional equipment;
- failure to use nuclear weapons;
- management of a rocket larger (throughout) the trajectory of its flight;
- high shooting accuracy;
- the possibility of installing various combat parts based on the type of intended goals;
- high degree of automation by combat operation management and information exchange.
Number of "Iskander"
The tactical missile complex "Iskander" to armared the links began to put in 2010, then the military as part of the state defense order received six such complexes. The state program of armaments up to 2020 provides for the purchase of 120 "Iskander" complexes, which will go to the weapons of the ground forces. In 2018, the Russian army will have seven teams that will be armed with Iskander-M missile complexes, Colonel-General Oleg Salyukov, commander-in-chief told about it Ground forces Russia. In 2018, two sets of the complex for missile compounds of the Eastern and Southern Military District will be delivered.
History of creation
The missile complex "Iskander" was developed at once several design bureaus and institutions, but the Kolomna FSUE "KB of Mechanical Engineering" became the head company, which became famous for many legendary means Attacks and protection are rocket "point-y", anti-aircraft missile systems "Needle", "Arena" (active protection means). Also, it was also here that most of the Russian and Soviet mortars of all types were designed.
The missile complex "Iskander" began to develop another Sergey Pavlovich invincible, the legendary General Designer, who took the "Oka" missile complex as the basis for the time. According to some reports, the complex "Oka" was the first complex in history, which could overcome funds about with a probability close to one and ensure the highest likelihood of defeating the enemy. However, these magnificent complexes under the 1987 treaty between the United States and the USSR were destroyed. The development of the new complex continued the student of the invincible Valery Kashin, the current general designer and the head of the KB of Mechanical Engineering. And the work was continued taking into account the final product fully fit into the framework of existing international treaties.
Task was set before KBM: the Iskander complex should destroy both mobile and fixed goals. It remained a requirement to ensure the highest likelihood of overcoming about and defeating the enemy. However, the new complex, unlike "Oka", should not be nuclear charge. The set combat task was to decide due to the highest accuracy. Overcoming the pro system was based on several solutions:
- Maximum reduced the surface of the scattering of the rocket. Its circuit for this was made as a streamlined, smooth, without sharp faces and protrusions.
- To the rocket could not detect locators, the outer surface was treated with a special coating that absorbs radio waves.
- But the main thing - "Iskander" endowed the ability to quickly and actively maneuver, and also made the trajectory unpredictable. The preemptive point of the meeting is almost impossible to calculate in this case, therefore, it is also impossible to intercept the rocket.
No other constructed operational and tactical and tactical rocket The world does not have similar properties. During the work, designers made a completely unique job, she forced to revise many things that were laid in a draft design.
In February 1993, a decree of the President of the Russian Federation was issued on the implementation of experimental work on the product "Complex Iskander M". A TTZ was issued, which indicated a new approach to building a complex, as well as optimizing all solutions. As a result, the "Iskander M" complex has become a new product, not the modernization of the old one. The Iskander M complex has absorbed numerous advanced achievements of domestic and world science. Climatic, flight and bench tests stretched for several years, they passed at the Kapustin Yar polygon, as well as in other areas of the country.
In October 2011, the first stage of testing a missile complex "Iskander-M" was completed, which received a new combat equipment. The 9M723 rocket has excellent characteristics, as well as a new, correlation system of guidance.
Tactical and technical characteristics of the Iskander complex
The complex "Iskander" has the following TTX:
- The minimum shooting range is 50 km.
- Maximum shooting range:
- the Iskander-E complex is 280 km;
- the Iskander-K complex is 500 km;
- the Iskander-K complex with a winged rocket R-5,000 is 2000 km.
- The launching mass of the rocket is 480 kg.
- The mass of the launcher with rockets is 42300 kg.
- Type of combat part: penetrating, fragantic fugasal, cassette.
- Rocket engine: RDTT.
- Type of control system: inertial, autonomous, complexed with optical GSN.
- Type of chassis: High passability, wheel.
- Number of missile:
- 2 rockets are placed on the transport and charging machine;
- 2 rockets are placed on the start-up.
- The combat calculation of the start-up self-propelled installation is 3 people.
- Temperature range of rocket use, ranging from -50 and up to +50 degrees.
- The service life is 10 years, 3 of them in the field.
Rocket
Rocket 9M723K1 complex "Iskander" has one stage operating on a solid fuel engine. The trajectory of the movement is quasibalistic (maneuvering, non-ballistic), the rocket is controlled by gas-dynamic and aerodynamic steering wheel throughout the flight distance. 9M723K1 has excellent characteristics, it is made using radar substitution reduction technologies ("Stealth Technologies" apply): Special coatings, a small diffusion surface, a small size of the protruding parts.
The main part of the flight is carried out at a height of about 50 km. The rocket performs intensive maneuvering with overloads of approximately 20-30 units on the initial and final sections of the flight. A mixed guidance system is used: in the initial and middle plot inertial, and on the final section of the optical (using the GSN of the development of CNIIAG), which ensures high accuracy of the goal of the target at a distance of 5-7 m. It is possible to use GPS / GLONASS in addition to the already valid inertial guidance system. In the Armed Forces of Russia since 2013, rockets must be supplied, which are equipped with a Reb system, it allows you to ensure the cover of the air defense rocket on the final portion. This system Includes means of formulation of active and passive interference of the shooting and overview radar of missile defense and air defense, by ejection of false goals and noise.
Design features
- The Iskander's complex was created using modern design and scientific and technical advances in the creation of operational-tactical missile systems. "Iskander" in the amount of technical solutions implemented, as well as high combat effectiveness today is a high-precision weapon of the newest generation. Its tactical and technical characteristics exceeds the existing domestic complexes "Point-y", "Sped-B", including foreign analogs Pluton, Atacms, Lance and others.
- "Iskander" with different management and intelligence systems. It can receive information from a satellite about the appointed target for lesion, an unmanned aircraft or an intelligence aircraft on the preparation of information. The PPP is calculated for the missile flight task, as well as the preparation of reference information. By radio channels, this information is transmitted to the command and dialing machines of the battery and division, from there - on starting settings. Communication commands can be carried out with CSM or artillery authorities management points.
- The most important feature of the installation was the use of two missiles. After one minute after the first start, the second can start. The launcher was designed on the Volgograd TITAN CKB, it also carries a complete set of equipment for the preparation and startup.
- Command-staff machine created to ensure automated control Complex "Iskander". It is placed on the KAMAZ family chassis chassis and is unified for each control link. Applying KSM in the management link Start Battery, a missile division, a missile brigade is provided by programs, as well as their appropriate setting during operation. The exchange of information between different elements of the complex can be performed in the closed and open modes. The maximum radiocommunication range on the march (in the parking lot) is 50 (350) km, the time transmission time is up to 15 s, the setting time is up to 10 s.
Video about Czredder
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The Operative Tactical Rocket Complex "Iskander" (index - 9k720, according to NATO classification - SS-26 Stone "Stone") - is a family of operational tactical missile systems: Iskander, Iskander-E, Iskander-K. The complex is designed in Kolomna KB of mechanical engineering. The Rocket Complex "Iskander" was adopted by the Russian army in 2006, to date (according to the open data of the Ministry of Defense) of 20 Iskander complexes.
The complex is designed to defeat battle parts in conventional equipment of small-sized and space purposes in the depths of the operational construction of the enemy's troops. It is assumed that there may be a means of delivering tactical nuclear weapons.
Most likely goals:
Funds fire lesion (Rocket complexes, reactive systems volley fire, long-range artillery);
Means of anti-missile and air defense;
Airplanes and helicopters at airfields;
Commands and communication sites;
The most important objects of civil infrastructure.
The main features of the Iskander PCC are:
High-precision effective defeat of various types of purposes;
The possibility of securing martial duty, preparation for combat application and applying rocket strikes;
Automatic calculation and input of the flight task for missiles when placing them on the starting unit;
The high probability of performing a combat problem in the conditions of active counteraction of the enemy;
High operational reliability of the rocket and reliability of it when preparing for startup and in flight;
High tactical maneuverability due to the placement of combat vehicles on car all-wheel drive chassis of high passability;
High strategic mobility, which is ensured by the possibility of transporting combat vehicles by all types of transport, including aviation;
High degree of automation of the process of combat management of rocket divisions;
Fast processing and timely bringing reconnaissance information to the necessary control links;
Long service life and ease of operation.
Combat characteristics:
Circular probable deviation: 1 ... 30 m;
- Starting mass of rocket 3 800 kg;
- length 7.2 m;
- diameter 920 mm;
- mass of combat part 480 kg;
- the speed of the rocket after the initial portion of the trajectory of 2100 m / c;
- minimum range of target target 50 km;
- maximum range Target damage:
500 km Iskander-K
280 km Iskander-E
- time before starting the first rocket 4 ... 16 minutes;
- Interval between launches: 1 minute
- Lifecycle: 10 years, including 3 years in field conditions.
The main elements that are part of Iskander, are:
Rocket,
- self-propelled launcher,
- transport and charging machine,
- machine regulatory maintenance,
- Command-staff machine,
- Point of preparation of information,
- a set of arsenal equipment,
- Training agents.
Transport and charging Machine "Iskander" Self-propelled launcher (SPU) - designed for storage, transportation, preparation and launch of two missiles (in the export version 1 of the rocket). SPU can be implemented on the basis of a special wheel chassis MZKT-7930 produced by the Minsk Plant Wheel Tractor. Full mass of 42 tons, payload 19 t, movement speed on highway / dirt road 70/40 km / h, reserve for fuel fuel 1000 km. Calculation of 3 people.
Transport and charging machine (TSM) - designed to transport additional two missiles. The TZM is implemented on the MZKT-7930 chassis, equipped with a loading valve. Full combat mass of 40 tons. Calculation of 2 people.
Command-staffing machine "Iskander" Command-staff machine (CSM) - designed to control the whole complex "Iskander". Implemented on the KAMAZ-43101 wheel chassis. Calculation of 4 people. CSM characteristics:
- Maximum range of radio in the parking lot / march: 350/50 km
- time calculation of the task for missiles: up to 10 s
- Team transfer time: up to 15 s
- number of communication channels: up to 16
- Deploying time (folding): up to 30 minutes
- continuous operation: 48 hours
The Rules and Maintenance Machine (MRTO) is designed to check the onboard equipment of rockets and instruments for current repairs. Implemented on Kamaz wheel chassis. The weight of 13.5 tons, the deployment time does not exceed 20 minutes, the time of the automated cycle of the regulatory inspection of the rocket onboard equipment is 18 minutes, the calculation of 2 people.
PRICE OF PREPARATION OF INFORMATION OF THE COLLECTED COMPLEX PRICE PREPARATION OF INFORMATION (PPI) - intended to determine the coordinates of the purpose and preparation of flight tasks for missiles with subsequent transmission on SPU. PPP is integrated with intelligence means and can receive tasks and appointed goals from all necessary sources, including from a satellite, aircraft or drone. Calculation of 2 people.
Life support machine (MZHO) - intended for accommodation, recreation and eating combat calculations. Implemented on the KAMAZ-43118 wheel chassis. The machine has in its composition: rest compartment and compartment household Support. Leisure compartment has 6 carriage beds with folding upper beds, 2 runduka, built-in lockers opening up the window. Household support compartment has 2 rundas with seats, folding lifting table, water supply system with 300 liters tank, water heating tank, water pumping pump, draining system, sink, dryer for clothes and shoes.
The life support machine of the Iskander missile complex The missile rocket is a solid-fuel, single-stage, with a head-boring head, managed and energetically maneuvered missile throughout the difficult-per-rotated path trajectory. It is especially actively maneuver on the starting and final sections of the flight, in which it approaches the target with high (20-30 units) overload.
This causes the need to fly an anti-missile for intercepting a missile ransom "Iskander" with overload 2-3 times greater, which is currently almost impossible.
Most of the flight trajectory of the Iskander complex, made using the "Stealth" technology with a small reflective surface, passes at an altitude of 50 km, which also significantly reduces the likelihood of its defeat of the adversary. The effect of "invisibility" is ensured due to the aggregate constructive features Rockets and processing of its surface with special coatings.
An inertial control system is used to derive a rocket to goal, which is subsequently captured by the autonomous correlation and extreme optical head of the homing (GSN). The principle of operation of the rocket homing system is based on the formation of an optical equipment for the design of the area in the area of \u200b\u200bthe target, which the onboard computer compares with the launch of the rocket introduced into it.
Optical head of homing is different increased sensitivity and resistant to existing means of electronic struggle, which allows launching missiles into moonless nights without additional natural backlight and affect a moving goal with an error plus-minus two meters. Currently, such a task, except for Iskander, can not solve any other similar rocket system in the world.
Characteristic is what used in the rocket optical system Herborhood does not need corrective signals of space radio navigation systems, which in crisis situations can be disabled with radio interfacing or simply turned off. Comprehensive use The inertial control system with satellite navigation equipment and optical GSN made it possible to create a missile affecting the specified target in almost any possible conditions. Mounted on the Rastet of Iskander, the head of the homing head can be installed on ballistic and winged rockets of various classes and types.
Types of combat units
- Cassette with fragmentation combat elements of a non-contact undermining (work at an altitude of about 10 m above the ground surface)
- Cassette with cumulative fragmentation combat elements
- Cassette with self-propelled combat elements
- Cassette volumetric and detonating action
- fragantic fugasny (OFBCH)
- Fugasno-incendiary
- penetrating (PSF)
In the cassette combat part there are 54 combat elements.
The Iskander complex is integrated with various exploration and management systems. He is able to receive information about the target of the satellite, an intelligence aircraft or unmanned aircraft (Type "Reis-D") to the PRESSION PREPARATION (PPI). It calculates the flight task for the rocket and the preparation of reference information for missiles is carried out.
By radio channels, this information is broadcast to the command-staffing machines of the division and battery commanders, and from there - on starting installations. The teams on the start of rockets can come with CSM or from the departments of senior artillery bosses.
Accommodation on each SPU and the TSM of two missiles significantly increases fire power rocket divisions, and an interval of one minute between launch missiles different targets Provides high firing performance. According to its effectiveness, taking into account the cumulative combat capacity, the Operational Tactical Rocket Complex "Iskander" is equivalent to a nuclear ammunition.
The modern geopolitical situation is such that, to preserve sovereignty and authority in international relations, modern arms samples are simply needed. This is especially true if we are talking About tactical nuclear complexeswho are the last warranty of the world on the planet. Of course, the main role in the containment of a potential enemy belongs strategic rocketsBut even the missile complex "Iskander" many is able to keep from rash solutions.
This sample of weapons was created to destroy hiking conditions Untime targets in the echelonian enemy defense. This is the more important that the modern military strategy of hostilities implies precisely preventive disarming strikes that will not give probable enemy Use your own in addition, you can in time to suppress its system.
Conditions of creation
It was created under conditions when the USSR and the United States signed an agreement to limit the number of tactical nuclear warheads (RSMD). It happened in 1987. At the same time, potential opponents agreed on full refusal to use nuclear weapons In the conditions of the fighting of the future.
It is because of this that the new complex has a huge number of requirements: it took full failure from nuclear agrowing elementsIt was necessary to provide practically jewelry shooting accuracy associated with the maximum possible handling of rocket. In addition, experts needed to provide both a larger degree of automation as a flight of the rocket and its launch.
Not least because of this, the missile complex "Iskander" in Kaliningrad produced a real "Furior" in the ranks of the Baltic politicians, which in a panic began to constantly talk about new threatwho hung over their sovereignty.
The role of satellite navigation systems
The main requirement that corresponds to the realities of modernity was the possibility of using data obtained from satellite positioning systems ("GLONASS", NAVSTAR). From the new complex it was necessary to skill with high efficiency to hit even moving armored goals, possess the highest frequency as much as possible, and also overcome deeply echelonized about the enemy.
First experience
The finished missile complex "Iskander" was first tested in 2007. The post of Prime Minister S. Ivanov, who occupied the post of Prime Minister, reported to the president that the deviation from the goal did not exceed one meter. These highest indicators were fully confirmed after studying data from all means of visual control, which were involved in testing on that day.
All this magnificence was created in KBM, Kolomna. This design bureau is known all over the world, since it was from here that the "Point" complexes, Strela and Osa, as well as other samples of domestic SPC of various generations started their "career". Other elements were manufactured in the TITAN CCB (launcher), the TsNII of the automation and hydraulics ( the most important system automatic entry guidance).
What is designed for?
As we have already talked, the missing complex "Iskander" was created specifically for point shocks by goals, deeply covered in the rear of the enemy, protected modern systems About.
The following objects may appear as objectives:
- Artillery and missile systems of the enemy, major accumulations of armored vehicles.
- Means about.
- Aviation connections, at the time of the airfields.
- All command and connected complex.
- Large infrastructure objects whose loss will painfully affect the opponent.
- Other important objects on the enemy territory.
As anti-missile complex "Iskander" is distinguished by the lowestness and very high speed of preparing it for launch, it represents a very serious threat to all potential opponents.
What is included in the "Iskander"?
The complex includes the following the most important elements: self-propelled installation For for her, the machine for transporting and chargering shells. In addition, there is a separate complex for the repair and maintenance of the entire equipment, a headquarters and a special machine for analyzing the information received, as well as training facilities for staff.
Characteristics of the rocket used
The tactical missile complex "Iskander" uses the solid fuel rocket with one step, which does not separate the headset in flight. Despite the energetic maneuvering in flight, a projectile throughout its path can be controlled by the operator from the command item. Special maneuverability is different on the start and when approaching the target when the rocket goes under overloads in 30g. Since the Pro Systems should be flown to it at a rate of two times higher, now there are simply no effective means of countering "Iskander".
The shell housing is made according to a special procedure that reduces its visibility for the opponent's SP. In addition, most of the path rocket makes, being at an altitude of more than 50 km, which also reduces the chances of her timely interception. Immediateness for radar is provided by special coatings, whose composition is classified.
That explains that triumph domestic industryWhen Iskander was adopted for weapons. The rocket complex (Kaliningrad and all of them has already been equipped) this type should soon be obtained by all military compounds in the country.
Guidance principles on target
The conclusion of the rocket on the target is performed by the operators of the complex, after which the most accurate homing system is entering. The instrument in the flight scans the terrain by forming its digital model. It is constantly compared with the standard image, which was loaded into the memory of the rocket before the flight.
The optical head of the homing is characterized by excellent protection from interference formulation systems, as well as the excellent ability to recognize goals in almost any conditions. This allows you to hit a moving goal (with an error of no more than a pair of meters) in a completely mad night. Such accuracy in such conditions cannot be implemented by any of NATO rocket fire systems.
For that there and do not like "Iskander". The rocket complex in Syria, delivered in December last year, immediately made it possible to reduce the intensity of passions and helped the legitimate government with the displacement of anti-people forces from the country. In addition, the Russian side received the most valuable information about the combat use of the newest missiles.
"Self" rocket
Despite the fact that conventional conditions Rocket Complex "Iskander" can be guided by signals from satellites global Systems Positioning, in accordance with the appropriate conditions, its operators will be perfectly and without them. Electronic-optical guidance systems are so accurate that they allow to ensure the defeat of the objectives in almost any given conditions.
By the way, the Iskander's homing system, if necessary, is easily installed even on ballistic nuclear rocketsWhat makes the prospects for a potential opponent, quite unemployed. Because of this, the Russian missile complex "Iskander" has a very ominous reputation in the West, although its characteristics are clearly not reaching those from the intercontinental nuclear fuelhouse.
Characteristics of combat part
Designers laid the possibility of using at once ten different types of ammunition. They belong to the elements of the contactless undermination, combat elements with cumulative action, Cassette ammunition with self-equipped elements, as well as simple fugasic, fragmentation and incendiary types. If a rocket with self-controlled elements is used, then they will affect multiple targets, taking up at a height of six or ten meters above them.
The shell itself in combat position weighs almost four tons, and the weight of direct combat part is 480 kg. Thus, the missing complex "Iskander-K" is one of the most powerful means of non-nuclear deterrence, which are in service with our army.
Characteristics of other elements
Self-propelled installation for launching allows you to simultaneously carry up to two missiles, allowing you to run them at an angle of up to 90 degrees relative to the terrain relief. It is located on a wheel chassis with 8x8 formula, which can be passed even through the places where there are no roads (MAZ-79306 "Astrologer"). Among other things, this ensures the maximum possible mobility of the complex even in wartime.
Some characteristics of management and guidance
The installation can independently determine the coordinates of its location, communicates with all the elements of the Iskander, provides a single and volley launch of missiles. Time from arrival to volley is no more than 20 minutes, subject to the prepared calculation, and there is no more than one minute between the starts of the shells. This makes the Iskander missile complex, the characteristics of which are already impressive, a very dangerous attack means.
Starting positions do not need to prepare. In addition, the calculation is not necessary to leave the cab: Having received an order, specialists stop "Iskander" in a given square, prepare all systems and produce a volley. The exception is only a swampy terrain, where it is necessary to prepare a more or less stable starting pad. After the start of the launch, the machine moves to pre-assigned positions for recharging.
Thus, Iskander-M is a new generation missile complex, which ensures reliable protection of state sovereignty.
Chassis information and other machines
The mass of the chassis is 42 tons, the weight of the payment of the payload is at least 19 tons, along the highway and the solid coating, the speed is 70 (40) km / h. At least 1000 km can drive at least 1000 km on the Iskander. The usual number of calculation is three people, but in wartime their quantity can be increased.
The machine for transportation and charging is also component on the MAZ-79306 chassis ("Astrologer"). Equipped with a hydromechanical loading mechanism. The mass is exactly 40 tons, the service has staff in the number of two people.
Staff complex
The heart of the whole complex is a command and staff machine. It is produced on the basis of KAMAZ cars. The information exchange between all Iskander elements can be carried out both in the usual and deeply encrypted mode. The rate of information exchange in the latter case does not suffer.
The staffing complex is equipped with four completely automated places For operators, the maximum data transmission range between the machines is 350 kilometers for cars in the parking lot and 50 kilometers in a combat march. The time of continuous operation of all elements of the guidance and control system is about two days.
Mechanical maintenance machine
As in the past case, based on the chassis of cars "KAMAZ". It is intended to verify the state of missiles both in the most start-up installation and in transport containers, it allows you to check and repair all the devices and mechanisms of the complex, without resorting to its transportation to its location. The machine weighs only 13.5 tons, is deployed in less than 20 minutes, the time of checking all systems and mechanisms does not exceed 18 minutes. Serve complex two people.
In general, the missile complex "Iskander", the TTH of which we reveal, differs by rare maintainability even in the most extreme conditions.
Point of collecting, analyzing and preparing information
This machine is used to collect and analyze information that is designed to be introduced into the onboard computer rockets. The composition has two automated jobs for operators that can retract and transfer the coordinates of attacked targets for one or two minutes. Can carry continuous combat duty for 16 hours.
Finally, the livestock machine. It can be performed on the chassis of any serial cargo car, serves for rest and eating up to eight people at the same time.
Key features of the complex
His main advantage in how and by whom "Iskander-M" was created. Designed by outstanding designers based on all data accumulated by the Soviet and Russian army. On the this moment it significantly exceeds not only all previous domestic developmentBut all competing foreign models.
In general, the Znith-missile complex "Iskander" has a number of key features:
- Incredibly accurate defeat even small and well-protected targets.
- Security and rapid deployment make it an extremely dangerous opponent.
- The combat task can effectively fulfill even in the conditions of active opposition opposition.
- Excellent tactical maneuverability and permeability provided by high characteristics of transport chassis.
- The highest degree of automation of all combat processes.
- Long service life and simplicity even field repair.
In addition, the Operational Tactical Rocket Complex "Iskander" fully meets all the requirements that are presented by international treaties on non-proliferation of some types of weapons. In local conflicts can be considered as a containment weapon, and for countries with a small territory and at all be the main type of rocket weapons. The structure of the complex involves the possibility of further modification, which guarantees Iskander long service On guard of state interests.
Other positive moments
The management and guidance system is deeply integrated with similar equipment of all similar complexes that are in service with state. It can receive information not only from the data collection and processing machine, but also from the reconnaissance aircraft, UAV or other equipment. The flight task is calculated almost instantly. The combat launch command can be given not only by the commander of the complex, but also by the highest military command from the closed positions.
Since one "Iskander" carries two rockets on board, and there are no two minutes between their volley and two minutes, the power fully equipped with these complexes of the division is comparable to such a small country. In principle, when proper choice Boezapaz, this sample weapon is quite equivalent to a nuclear ammunition of a small radius of action.
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