Quite a few are hidden on the territory of this seemingly tiny country. natural beauty. High mountains and rivers flowing lazily through the lowlands or seething along rocky shores, thermal springs, ponds and sunny vineyards. Today we will show you the natural wonders of the Czech Republic that are worth visiting.

Desert in southern Bohemia

Southern Bohemia is covered by a dense network of ponds and rivers, but near the village of Vesely nad Luznici, on the outskirts of the protected area of ​​Třebonsko, lies one of the driest places in the Czech Republic. It's about about a sand dune where rare dry-loving plants grow and heat-loving species of insects live.

Prokop Valley

In the Prague pit there are several natural reserves, one of which is the Prokop Valley, which became famous thanks to paleontologist Joachim Barrandov (after whom the Barrandov district is named), who studied the local Paleozoic deposit. Today the valley is an oasis of tranquility and a favorite destination for many cyclists. The surrounding rocks offer a magical view of the city, and if you go deep into the reservation, you can visit the local lake and cave where bats live.

Beskydy virgin forest

Once upon a time, dense mixed forest covered the entire Beskids, but to this day it has been preserved in its untouched, original form only in the Cieszyn Beskids. In the natural reserve of the virgin forest of Mionshi, you will be enveloped in the magic of untouched nature. On an area of ​​170 hectares there is a special trail for pedestrians, which is open only during the season. Some parts of the trail are quite challenging and unfortunately not suitable for families with strollers.

Steppes in the Vysočina

The small safari is located near Třebíčsk. The Mochelen Steppe National Nature Reserve is famous for its heat-loving grasses and pine forests. The local warm microclimate arose due to the high content of magnesium oxide in rocks, which, when heated, acts as something like a battery.

Tallest waterfall

In the most high mountains Panchavsky waterfall is located in the Czech Republic. The total length of the cascades is 250 meters. You can get here if you follow the red hiking trail from Bedřichov to the Labská base. Along this trail you can reach the source of the waterfall and enjoy the amazing view not only of it itself, but also of the Labsky mines, Goat ridges and Bald Mountain.

Mud mofettes

When you first find yourself on the Soos reservation, you feel like you are on another planet. Everywhere you look - shades of brown and gray, here and there springs of mineral water and pure carbon dioxide, the so-called mofettas. Soos is located 6 kilometers from Frantiskovy Lezne. The reservation was established in 1964 on an area of ​​221 hectares, but only one part is open to the public - a 1.2-kilometer-long trail. Several species live on the reserve rare birds, and also grows many rare plants.

Pravčicka Gate Rock Bridge

This is probably one of the most famous monuments in the Czech Republic, created by nature itself. You can’t get to the very top of the Pravcicka Gate, but around it amazing place There are many viewpoints. The rock bridge is a symbol of the Bohemian Switzerland National Park, as well as one of the highest natural gates in Europe. The park itself is very popular, and the hiking trails are well-maintained - some are easier, some are long and some are more difficult. Everywhere there are breathtaking views of lush forest and mountains.

Tundra in the Giant Mountains

This place is a real find for botanists and zoologists. The Upa peat bog allows its visitors to be transported to the subarctic tundra, which was on the territory of the country during Ice Age. The peat bog lies at an altitude of 1400 meters above sea level between Luční base, Branichny ridge, Obří base and Studnicna mountain. Plants that grew here 5,000 and 6,000 years ago thrive here.

Glacial lakes in Šumava

Šumava is proud of its crystal clear lakes of glacial origin. On the Czech side of the mountains you can visit five lakes – Černoe, Čertovo, Prašilské, Plesné – and, the smallest of the five, Lake Laka. The most visited of them are the first two. Black Lake is the largest and deepest, and it is located near Zelezne Ruda.

Mysterious abyss and cave system

The largest and most famous karst area in the Czech Republic is the Moravian Karst. It is here that people come who want to look at the caves that are open to the public and visit the Macocha Abyss. Tourists take boats along the underground Punkwa River to see the spectacular caves decorated with stalactites and stalagmites. The Macocha Chasm is the largest chasm of its kind in Central Europe. Since 1914, its bottom has also been open to the public.

Republic Czech- a state in Central Europe, located on the historical lands of Bohemia, Moravia and part of Silesia. It borders on Germany in the west and northwest, on Poland in the northeast and north, on Slovakia in the east and southeast, and on Austria in the south.

The name of the country comes from the ethnonym of the tribe - Czechs.

Official name: Czech Republic

Capital:

The area of ​​the land: 78,864 sq. km

Total Population: 10.4 million people

Administrative division: The Czech Republic is divided into 7 regions, 77 districts, which, in turn, are divided into communities.

Form of government: Republic.

Head of State: President, elected for a term of 5 years.

Population composition: 93% - Czechs, 1.8% - Slovaks, 3.7% - Moravians, 0.6% - Ukrainians, 0.5% - Poles, 0.4% - Germans, 0.3% - Vietnamese, 0.2 % are Hungarians, 0.2% are gypsies..

Official language: Czech. People speak English, German and Russian well.

Religion: 40% are atheists, 39.2% are Catholics, 4.6% are Protestants, 5% are Orthodox.

Internet domain: .cz

Mains voltage: ~230 V, 50 Hz

Country dialing code: +420

Country barcode: 859

Climate

The climate of the Czech Republic is temperate. In winter, only light frosts are possible. There is too little snow to turn into slush on the city streets, but there is plenty of it in the mountains for winter sports. Summer is quite warm.

Most cold month- January. Average minimum temperature at this time it drops to -3...-5 degrees, the average maximum is weakly positive (0...+2). Most warm month- July. The average minimum temperature at this time is +13...+15 degrees, the maximum reaches +24...+26 degrees. The least precipitation falls between November and March (from 23 to 24 mm per month). The number of days with precipitation during this period is 10-11. The most rainy time years - May-August, their monthly precipitation is 60-80 mm, and it falls during half the days of the month.

At ski resorts, snow lasts from November to April; the season usually opens in December. The air temperature depends on the altitude above sea level. In the middle part of the mountains (approximately at an altitude of 700-800 m above sea level) in the winter months (December-February) the temperature at night is -5...-10 degrees, during the day -2...-7 degrees. The snow height during this period is on average from 1 to 3 meters.

Geography

The Czech Republic is located in the heart of central Europe. The closest neighbors of the Czech Republic are Germany (in the west), Austria (in the south), Slovakia (in the southeast) and Poland (in the northeast). Administratively, the country is divided into 8 regions, which are united into three historical regions - Bohemia, as well as Moravia and Silesia (regional centers - Prague, Brno and Ostrava, respectively). Bohemia and Moravia occupy the western and eastern parts of the Czech Republic. Czech Silesia occupies a relatively small part of northern Moravia.

The landscape and nature of the Czech Republic are distinguished by their beauty and diversity. There are plains, plateaus, highlands, mountains, swamps, lakes, rivers, etc. In the central part of the country the terrain is mostly flat. These are areas of active agricultural production. Along the borders of the Czech Republic, mountain ranges line up in a natural ring. In the north-west there is the Kruszne mountain range, in the north - the Giant Mountains, in the east - the Orlicke Mountains, in the south-east - the Carpathians, in the south and west - the Šumava Mountains. About a third of the entire territory of the Czech Republic is covered by forests. Vast tracts of virgin forests have been preserved in the mountains, which makes the mountain resorts of this country especially noteworthy.

Flora and fauna

Vegetable world

The Czech Republic is one of the most forested countries in Europe. Forests cover about 30% of its territory. Industrially valuable ones predominate conifers, primarily spruce (61% of the tree stand) and pine (22%). Above the forest line there are alpine meadows.

Nature conservation in the Czech Republic has a long tradition and is one of the best in the world. 12% of the territory of the entire country (9270 sq. km) is occupied by nature reserves. In Western Bohemia there is a unique natural complex- Sumava Park, stretching for 125 km along the border with Austria and Germany. This is a vast region of calm deciduous forests, largely untouched by human activity. Although only one small part of Sumava - the Bubin Virgin Forest, can be regarded as, indeed, a protected ancient European plant community, but a better preserved complex of European mountain broadleaf forest simply doesn't exist. Wild flowers abound everywhere.

Animal world

Vast forests create conditions for people to relax and provide habitat for wild animals - deer, beavers, pheasants and hares. In the mountain forests there are lynxes and numerous small animals - foxes, squirrels, weasels.

Attractions

• Wenceslas Square
• Zvikov
• Karlstein
• Konopiste
• Old Town Square
• Dancing House in Prague
• Cesky Krumlov
• Cesky Sternberk

Banks and currency

The monetary unit is the Czech crown. There are banknotes in denominations of 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 5000 crowns. 1 crown is equal to 100 hellers. In circulation there are coins of 10, 20 and 50 hellers.

Banks are open mainly during the day from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. Not all banks are open on weekends.

ATMs can be found near every bank. Visa, Eurocard, Mastercard, Amercan Express cards are accepted.

There are many exchange offices in the Czech Republic. Currency can be exchanged everywhere: from the airport to the cafe. All exchange offices charge a fee. However, it is best to carry out exchange transactions in banks. There the rate remains the most profitable.

Useful information for tourists

Check-out time at hotels is 12.00, check-in for tourists is from 14.00. Museums and galleries in the Czech Republic are open daily, except Mondays, from 10.00 to 17.00 or 18.00. Castles and fortresses: from May 1 to September 30, daily, except Mondays and days following holidays, opening hours from 9.00 to 17.00; lunch break from 12.00 to 13.00. From April to October, some castles and fortresses are closed completely or are open only on weekends. Grocery stores are open: Monday-Friday from 6.00 to 18.00 and on Saturday until 12.00. Department stores, as a rule, serve customers on weekdays until 20.00. Large supermarkets are usually open on weekends - until 18.00 or 20.00.

Every nation has its own national toys. In the Czech Republic, these are puppets - dolls that are controlled using thin strings. Street vendors demonstrate virtuoso skills, always attracting the attention of children.

At any time of the year, you must take comfortable shoes with you - the walking tour of Prague lasts 4 hours. In winter, autumn and early spring, warm and windproof outerwear will come in handy.

Czech Republic Square -- 78864 sq. km. The terrain is quite varied. In the north and north-west, the natural border of the Czech Republic is represented by the Ore Mountains, as well as the spurs of the Sudetenland, and from the south-west and south the Šumava mountain range, covered with forest.

The Czech Republic is located on the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands, which is the watershed between the largest rivers - the Elbe (Laba) and the Danube. In addition to high forested mountain ranges, the Czech Republic has fertile plains and the famous Czech forests, as well as many lakes and rivers. Largest river- Vltava, the length of which is 440 km.

The Czech Republic is very rich in healing mineral waters, which has become the reason for the development of resorts. Woodlands located in the mountainous part of the country, as well as in the central Czech Republic. The country has 1351 reserve, including 3 large national parks with total area 1111.2 sq. km. Nature reserves occupy almost 12% territory of the country. Nature conservation has a long tradition in the Czech Republic, which is why many areas of the country are distinguished by their ecological purity and are popular destinations for recreation and tourism.

The country borders Germany, Poland, Slovakia and Austria. The Czech lands are historically divided into three regions: Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia with regional centers Prague, Brno and Ostrava respectively.

CLIMATE

The climate is very favorable for living. The country is located in the transition zone from Central European maritime climate to continental Eastern European, i.e. located in a climatically favorable area temperate zone Northern Hemisphere. Winters are moderate and summers are warm. Average daily temperatures in the coldest winter month January fluctuate around - 5 °C, in the warmest summer month July - approx. + 20 °C.

FLORA AND FAUNA

In the mountains, coniferous forests are most common, while for more low places Oak, maple and ash are typical. 12% of the entire country’s territory (9270 sq. km) is occupied by nature reserves. The fauna is not very rich, but in the Carpathians you can meet a wolf, brown bear, wild boar, fox, chamois, as well as deer, beavers, pheasants and hares.

The Czech Republic is located in the very center of Europe and borders Germany, Poland, Austria and Slovakia. The territory of the republic is almost 79,000 square meters and unites the historical regions of Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia. Capital – Prague, The largest city countries. Majority settlements small. Among the large ones, we highlight the cities of Brno, Pilsen, Ceske Budejovice, Olomouc, Hradec Králové and Ostrava.

The country's landscape is dominated by highlands and medium-high mountains - the Bohemian Massif, bordered by the Šumava ridges, the Bohemian Forest, the Giant Mountains and the Bohemian-Moravian Upland. The largest river is the Vltava, 440 km long. The Czech Republic is located on the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands, which is the watershed between the Elbe and the Danube. The Elbe - also known as Laba - flows through the territory of the Czech Republic, others big rivers- Morava, Odra - also known as Oder - Ohře, Strela and Berunka.

The landscapes of the Czech Republic are amazing in their beauty and diversity. Wide valleys with a dense network of rivers and lakes give way to dense forests, hills and mountain ranges, preserving the centuries-old freshness and coolness of stalactite caves. This is where they are located healing springs The most popular European resorts – Karlovy Vary, Marianske Lazne and Frantiskovy Lazne – form the “golden triangle of Czech health”.

15,000 lakes and ponds, sandstone rock formations, 2000 mineral springs, hundreds of palaces and castles, meadows and fields - all this is the Czech Republic. Most Valuable natural areas protected by the state. They became national parks and nature reserves – almost 12 percent of the territory.

Climate of the Czech Republic

The climatic conditions in the Czech Republic are very favorable. The country is located in the transition zone from the Central European maritime climate to the continental Eastern European climate, i.e. is located in the climatically favorable temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. The climate of the Czech Republic is temperate, transitional from maritime to continental, more or less equal throughout the country, but its regional features depend mainly on the topography.

Winters are usually mild, with temperatures ranging from –2 to –4 °C in the plains and –8 to –10 °C in the mountains. On the coldest days, the temperature can reach -15 degrees, but this happens no more than once every 10 years. The average temperature in winter is approximately 0 degrees. Summers are usually moderately hot. Average daily temperatures in the warmest summer month, July, range around 19–21 °C in the plains and 4–8 °C in the mountains.

Spring in the Czech Republic begins at the end of February. Autumn begins only in October.

Statistical indicators of the Czech Republic
(as of 2012)

In terms of climate, the Czech Republic can well be called a bridge between East and West. Czech all year round attracts tourists. Czech Republic is located almost in the very center of Europe. The landscape of the Czech Republic is amazing in its beauty and diversity. Wide valleys with a dense network of rivers and lakes give way to dense forests, hills and mountain ranges that preserve the centuries-old freshness and coolness of stalactite caves. Large temperature fluctuations are rare. But in the mountains and the Czech Forest, everything is the other way around, as cold, heavy air descends into the valleys, and warmer, clearer air layers rise into the mountains - an excellent opportunity for mountain tourism.

Skiing in the Czech Republic is well developed and very popular among the population. The Czech Republic is home to many famous ski resorts, where you can relax and have a good time.

The best months to visit the country's ski resorts are January - February. As for precipitation in the Czech Republic, rains predominate here, they are brought mainly westerly winds. The average annual precipitation is 550 mm on the plains and 1400 mm in the mountains. In general, the climate of the Czech Republic is very mild.

Vegetation and fauna

The Czech Republic is one of the most forested countries in Europe. Forests cover about 30% of its territory. Industrially valuable coniferous species predominate, primarily spruce (61% of the tree stand) and pine (22%). Above the forest line there are alpine meadows. Vast forests create conditions for people to relax and provide habitat for wild animals - deer, beavers, pheasants and hares. In the mountain forests there are lynxes and numerous small animals - foxes, squirrels, weasels.

Nature conservation in the Czech Republic has a long tradition and is one of the best in the world. 12% of the territory of the entire country (9270 sq. km) is occupied by nature reserves. In Western Bohemia there is a unique natural complex - the Šumava Park, stretching for 125 km along the border with Austria and Germany. It is a vast region of tranquil broadleaf forests, largely untouched by human activity. Although only one small part of Sumava - the Bubin Virgin Forest, can be regarded as, indeed, a protected ancient European plant community, a more preserved complex of European mountain broad-leaved forest simply does not exist. Wild flowers abound everywhere.

The mighty Vltava, as well as five other main rivers of the country, begins from here, creating excellent conditions for active aquatic species sports There are also all conditions for skiing and alpine skiing. In the foothills of Sumava there are the amazingly beautiful castles of Švigov, Velgartice, and Rabi.

The Czech Republic even has its own volcanoes located in Western Bohemia. The most famous of them is the crater extinct volcano Komorni-Hurka. Here, between Cheb and Frantiskovy Lazne, in the vast swampy region of Slavkov Forest, there are numerous mud volcanoes that emit mineral water. Here is something amazing nature education- Koneprussky caves are absolutely amazing karst caves, where you can get absolutely freely at any time of the year.

In this article you will find various maps of the Czech Republic, as well as basic facts and useful information about the geography of the country.

The Czech Republic is a country located in central Europe. The Czech Republic has no access to the sea. The country is located entirely in the northern eastern hemisphere.

Statistics for the Czech Republic

• Area of ​​the Czech Republic: 78,866 km², 113th largest country in the world.
• Distance from the northernmost to the most southern point: 278 km.
• Distance from the easternmost to the westernmost point: 493 km.
• Borders: the total length of the border is 2290.2 km. Border with Germany in the north and west (810 km), border with Poland in the east (762 km), border with Austria in the south (466 km), border with Slovakia in the east (252 km).
• Highest point: Mount Sněžka 1603 m.
• Lowest point: Hřensko 115 m above sea level.
• Average altitude of the country: 430 m above sea level.
• Access to the sea: no
• Czech time: Central European Time (UTC +1)

The Czech Republic is divided into 13 regions and Prague: Prague, Central Bohemian Region, South Bohemian Region, Pilsen Region, Karlovy Vary Region, Usti Region, Liberec Region, Kralove Hradeck Region, Pardubice Region, Vysočina, South Moravian Region, Olomouc Region, Moravian-Silesian Region, Zlín Region. Each region has a capital. On the map you can see all the regions and their coats of arms.