Rivers of Asia. Large rivers of Asia. Central Asia: rivers of discord. Special report

are one of the largest and deepest rivers in the world. The total volume of water of all the rivers of Asia is the largest among all parts of the world. The same peculiarity of the rivers of Asia is manifested in the fact that they flow into all the oceans of our planet. In addition, rivers from 40% of Asia's territory belong to the internal drainage basin, i.e. They don’t end up in any ocean at all.

Most big rivers in Asia from Russia and China. In China, for example, there is the longest and deepest river in Eurasia and the third longest river in the world - the Yangtze River. Its length is about 6300 km. The second longest river in Asia is also located in China - the Yellow River. Its length is 5464 km. By the area of ​​your pool itself big river Asia is the Ob River with the Irtysh, which is located in Russia.

The largest internal flow rivers in Asia are the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers. They originate in the mountains, and then are dismantled for irrigation on the fertile plains of Central Asia. Previously, they flowed into the Aral Sea, but now they do not have enough water for this and the Aral Sea is gradually drying up because of this. Also, large rivers of internal flow are the Ili and Tarim rivers.

To the Northern basin Arctic Ocean includes a number of large rivers flowing through the territory of Russia - the Ob, Yenisei and Lena rivers. The longest of them is the Lena - it originates in the mountains of the Baikal region and along its course about 400 tributaries flow into it. In the lower reaches, the width of the river reaches 30 km, and at the point where it flows into the ocean, the river forms a delta the size of the Kyiv region! The Yenisei is a high-water river with a rapid current - some of the largest hydroelectric power stations in the world have been built on the Yenisei and its tributaries.

Largest rivers in the basin Pacific Ocean- Yangtze, Yellow River, Amur. These rivers are fed mainly by monsoon rains (with the exception of the Yangtze, which is also fed by glaciers from the mountains) and are subject to floods and overflows. For example, the Amur River can overflow 10-20 km during the autumn flood. width.

They feed on monsoon rains and rivers Indian Ocean in the area of ​​Southern and South-East Asia. The largest of these rivers are the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra rivers. In summer they are full of water, they often experience floods at this time, and in winter they practically dry up.

Other Indian Ocean rivers located in the Middle East - the Tigris and Euphrates rivers - are fed mainly by waters from the mountains.

The rivers of the Atlantic Ocean are few in number - these are small rivulets that flow into the Mediterranean and Black Seas.

The largest rivers in Asia are:
1. Yangtze (river length - 6300 km, basin area - 1807 thousand km. Flows through the territory following countries: China).
2. Yellow River (river length - 5464 km, basin area - 752 thousand km. Flows through the territory of the following countries: China
3. Ob (with Irtysh) (river length - 5410 km, basin area - 2990 thousand km. Flows through the territory of the following countries: China, Kazakhstan, Russian Federation
4. Mekong (river length - 4500 km, basin area - 810 thousand km. Flows through the territory of the following countries: China, Laos, Cambodia
5. Amur (with Argun) (river length - 4440 km, basin area - 1855 thousand km. Flows through the territory of the following countries: China, Russian Federation
6. Lena (river length - 4400 km, basin area - 2490 thousand km. Flows through the territory of the following countries: Russian Federation
7. Yenisei (with the Bolshoi Yenisei) (river length - 4092 km, basin area - 2,580 thousand km. Flows through the territory of the following countries: Russian Federation
8. Salween (river length - 3200 km, basin area - 325 thousand km. Flows through the territory of the following countries: China, Myanmar
9. Indus (river length - 3180 km, basin area - 980 thousand km. Flows through the territory of the following countries: China, India, Pakistan
10. Euphrates (with Murat) (river length - 3,065 km, basin area - 673 thousand km. Flows through the territory of the following countries: Turkey, Syria, Iraq

Characterized by diversity water regime and types of nutrition, due to large sizes continent and sharp climatic differences.

Rivers Overseas Asia belong to the basins of the Atlantic, Pacific, and.

Malay type. These rivers are small in length and have rain power and sustainable annual flow. Seasonal fluctuations are insignificant, daily fluctuations are more pronounced - they occur after midday rains, and in the first half of the day the level decreases. The Indian Ocean basin includes the Indus and Ganges-Brahmaputra river systems. Hard mode. Pronounced monsoon character. Used for irrigation. Large rivers- Ganges, Godavari, Narmada, Krishna are navigable.

The Tigris River is closer to the tip. They originate in the mountains. High water in winter, low water in summer. From the confluence of the Tigris with the Euphrates to the mouth (300 km) - the river is called Shatt al-Arab.

The rivers of the internal drainage basin are small in length and have an irregular regime. Starting high in the mountains, they are fed by snow and rain or glaciers. The level rises at the beginning of summer when snow and ice melt in the mountains; by the end of summer they become very shallow or dry out. Such large rivers as Tarim, Helmand, Tedzhen, Murgab are lost in the sand.

Arabia is characterized by sporadic watercourses (wadis) stretching from west to east for hundreds of kilometers. During pluvial periods, wadis had a constant flow. When there are heavy rains, mudflows flow through the wady.

The largest river in Asia - (5800 km). Starts in central Tibet from Tangla. Having rounded the Sino-Tibetan mountains from the south and forming a cascade of waterfalls here, within the Sichuan Basin it receives several large tributaries and becomes navigable from the city of Yibin. In the mountains of Southeast China, the Yangtze forms rapids gorges, and below, entering the Chinese Plain, the flow slows down. Here its tributaries wander among their own sediments and form vast lakes and. Lakes (Dongting, Poyang) are flow regulators. Extensive delta.

Monsoon mode. In the gorges below the Sichuan Basin, the difference between summer and winter levels reaches 40 m. In terms of average annual flow, it ranks fourth (after and the Ganges) in the world. In the lower reaches, the level is influenced by tides (a monthly rise of 4.5 m). To protect against, dams 2700 km long and 10-12 m high were built.

Important economic importance, the main shipping artery. Ocean-going ships rise to Wuhan. The water is used for irrigation.

The second most important is the Yellow River (4845 km). Beginning in Kunlun. In the middle course it describes a huge arc, going around Ordos, then crosses the Loess Plateau. The delta is advancing at a rate of 290 m per year. The modern delta arose 130 years ago and extended 25 km into the sea.

Monsoon regime. Navigation in certain areas. In the Middle Ages, the rivers of Eastern China were connected by a single Grand Canal. It has lost its importance; out of 1,782 km, no more than 300 km are used for local shipping.

The largest river in the South is the Mekong (4500 km). Beginning in Tibet in the Tangla glaciers. Stormy mountain river while crossing the Yunnan Plateau. At the exit to the lowland it forms a huge delta, entirely cultivated. Monsoon regime. Maximum in summer, low water in spring. Sea vessels rise to the capital of Kampuchea (350 km), river vessels to the capital Vientiane (1600 km).
The most important river is the Ganges (2700 km). It begins at an altitude of 4500 m, where its main tributaries (Jamna) are also located. The delta begins 500 km from the sea. The main branch - Padma Meghna - receives the Brahmaputra. Some consider it an independent river. According to the diet, it belongs to the alpine and monsoon types. Flood occurs in the second half of summer, when the ice in the mountains melts and the monsoon is at its strongest. Low water - in winter and spring (minimum in February). The economic importance is great. Flows through a populated area. Water for irrigation. Navigation throughout, except for mountainous areas.

Brahmaputra is a tributary of the Ganges (2900 km). It begins in Southern Tibet, flows parallel to the Himalayas, and is called Tsangpo. In the lowlands it flows smoothly. The regime resembles the Ganges. Navigable for 1300 km from the mouth. Irrigation.

The most southern part of Asia - (3180 km). It begins in Southern Tibet at an altitude of 5300 m. In the Himalayas it forms a system of deep, inaccessible gorges. Punjab hosts major tributaries- Trimab, Sutlej. In its lower reaches, the Indus crosses the dry, hot region of Sindh, breaking up into branches.
Hard mode. In terms of water content, it is much inferior to the Ganges. Irrigation, the most extensive irrigation system in. Navigation is limited due to shoals and rapids in the lower reaches.

The lakes in origin are the remnants of larger lakes that previously existed here. Those lakes whose level is maintained by inflowing rivers have been preserved: Uvs-Nur, Lop-nor, Deryacheye-Nemek. The water in them is mineralized, the depths are shallow. Many lakes dry up in summer. Lop Nor changes its position.

Tectonic lakes in rift zones: Khubsugol, Buyr-Nur, Dead Sea; in tectonic depressions - Biwa, Kukuno, Dongting, Poyang.

On the Armenian Highlands there are lakes of volcanotectonic origin - Van, Urmia (Rezaie).
The lakes of origin are in the Philippines and are located in the craters of extinct volcanoes.

There are small karst lakes in the Taurus Mountains, Yunnan and Shan Highlands. Lakes of glacial origin are preserved in Tibet.

Mighty, deep rivers flow in Asia. Together they carry as much water as the combined rivers of any part of the world cannot contain. Asia has the most a large number of largest rivers on the planet. Only Asian rivers flow into all the oceans of the Earth. At the same time, almost 40% of Asia's territory belongs to the internal drainage basin.

Rivers of the inland drainage basin or are lost in the sands large deserts, or carry their waters into lakes. The largest of these rivers are the Amudarya and Syr Darya, which originate high in the mountains. On the plains, their waters are used for irrigation. For these purposes, many canals were built, for example the Karakum canal, whose length exceeds 1000 km. A large amount of fertile silt also comes with the water. Therefore, irrigated fields provide good harvests. So much water is consumed for economic purposes that the rivers that until recently flowed into the Aral Sea no longer reach this reservoir. The Ili and Tarim are also major rivers in the internal drainage basin. They also originate in the mountains and feed on snow and glaciers. melt water and therefore spills in the summer.

All rivers of desert regions are of great economic importance. In these areas there is numerous evidence of previous watering. These include primarily large dry river beds stretching for hundreds of kilometers. They fill with water only during rare torrential rains, forming dangerous mudflows and mudflows.

The Arctic Ocean basin includes such large Asian rivers as the Ob, Yenisei and Lena. The longest of them is the Lena (4400 km), the largest in terms of basin area is the Ob (almost 3 million km2), and the most abundant is the Yenisei.

The Lena originates in the Baikal region ranges as a relatively small stream. However, on its long path to the Laptev Sea, the giant river receives more than 400 tributaries. In the lower reaches, the width of the river reaches 30 km in places, and its delta exceeds the Kyiv region in area.

The Ob is formed from the confluence of the Biya and Katun rivers, which begin in the Altai mountains. Somewhere halfway to Kara Sea The Irtysh flows into the Ob, the basin area of ​​which is equal to half the area of ​​the entire Ob basin. The Ob and Irtysh are typical lowland rivers with a slow, calm current.

The Yenisei, which begins in the Sayan Mountains, also makes its way north to the Kara Sea. However, unlike the Ob, the current of the Yenisei is predominantly stormy and swift. In the Yenisei riverbed there are often rapids that make navigation difficult. However, the river is rich in hydropower. It is no coincidence that the world's largest hydroelectric power stations were built on the Yenisei and its tributaries. The Yenisei receives many large tributaries, the largest of which are the Podkamennaya Tunguska and Lower Tunguska, as well as the Angara - the only river flowing from Lake Baikal.

The Ob, Yenisei and Lena flood in the spring when the snow melts. At this time, the water level in them rises to 7–12 m, and in the lower reaches of the Yenisei - even to 15–18 m. Due to the large length of the rivers from north to south, their freezing and opening in the upper and lower reaches occurs in different time. As you move north, rivers become cleared of ice later and later. That's why spring waters, arriving from the south, encounter numerous ice jams. This leads to a sharp rise in water level.

The rivers of the Far North - Yana, Indigirka, Kolyma and others - flood in the summer. In winter, they freeze for 5–6 months, becoming covered with a thick layer of ice, and are used as highways during this period of the year.

The rivers of the Pacific Ocean basin are fed mainly by monsoon rains. Therefore, their level rises very quickly in summer and the waters flood the surrounding area. Summer floods often take on the character of real disasters, since they cover very large areas. Every year, tens of millions of hectares of cultivated land are inundated due to floods, and people die. Floods are typical for such large “colored” rivers of Asia as the Amur (“Black”), Yellow River (“Yellow”) and Yangtze (“Blue”).

Cloudy dark waters Amur floods over 10–20 km during the autumn flood. Catastrophic floods that occur at this time cause enormous damage to coastal settlements.

The Yellow River begins in the Kunlun Mountains and is the second longest river in Asia (4845 km). In the middle course the river carries a large amount of dusty, yellow color rock– loess. It determines the color of the water in the river, as well as in the sea into which the Yellow River flows.

A huge amount of loess rocks are deposited at the bottom of the Yellow River. This has caused the river to flow higher in its sediment surrounding area. For generations, the Chinese built large protective dams, but the river repeatedly broke through them, destroying cities and villages. Millions of people and the results of their labor died from catastrophic floods. Floods usually occur in early summer, when the snow in the mountains melts. But the Yellow River is especially dangerous after heavy monsoon rains in summer or autumn, during typhoons. Frequent floods cause the riverbed to wander. For example, the Yellow River once flowed into the Yangtze. It is no coincidence that people called this river “the river of a thousand misfortunes.”

Unlike the Yellow River, the clean and deep Yangtze (Changjiang) is navigable right up to the foot of the mountains. This is the largest river in Asia, its length is 5800 km. On the Great Chinese Plain it splits into many branches, which form large lake-like extensions. The Yangtze Delta increases by 1 km every 40 years.

The water regime of the Yangtze is complex and is determined not only by monsoon rains, but also by the melting of snow in the upper reaches, as well as glaciers in the mountains. One of the last catastrophic floods occurred in the summer of 1995. Hundreds of settlements, tens of millions of people lost their homes, hundreds died.

In the lower reaches of the Yangtze, the flow of water is regulated by many lakes. Ocean tides also have a significant impact on the water level in the river.

The rivers of the Indian Ocean basin collect their water from areas that have a predominantly monsoon climate. Therefore, in summer the rivers are full of water, and in winter they almost dry up. The largest of them are the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra.

The rivers of Hindustan have very ancient origins. Over the millions of years of their existence, they brought from the Himalayas, where they originated, great amount sediment. These sediments formed the lowlands that connected Hindustan with the mainland, and also created the world's largest delta of the Ganges and Brahmaputra.

River waters are widely used for irrigation and navigation. But during summer floods they regularly flood vast areas of agricultural land. Hurricanes coming from the Bay of Bengal cause perhaps the most catastrophic floods on Earth.

The Tigris and Euphrates rivers begin in the Armenian Highlands and are fed by water from melting snow. In the Mesopotamian lowland they do not receive tributaries; their waters are used for irrigation. In the lower reaches, the Tigris and Euphrates merge into a single stream - the Chattel Arab, which flows into the Persian Gulf.

The Atlantic Ocean basin includes small rivers flowing into the Mediterranean and Black Sea. They overflow during the winter rains and dry up in the summer.

Conclusions:

The rivers of Asia belong to the basins of all four oceans and the world's largest inland drainage basin.

The rivers of the Arctic Ocean flood mainly in the spring, when the snow melts.

Most rivers in the Pacific and Indian Oceans flood in the summer during the monsoon rains. On the rivers of the Atlantic Ocean, high water occurs during winter rains.

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The rivers of Asia are among the largest and deepest rivers in the world. The total volume of water of all the rivers of Asia is the largest among all parts of the world. The same peculiarity of the rivers of Asia is manifested in the fact that they flow into all the oceans of our planet. In addition, rivers from 40% of Asia belong to the internal drainage basin, i.e. They don’t end up in any ocean at all.

Russia and China have the most large rivers in Asia. In China, for example, there is the longest and deepest river in Eurasia and the third longest river in the world - the Yangtze River. Its length is about 6300 km. The second longest river in Asia is also located in China - the Yellow River. Its length is 5464 km. In terms of its basin area, the largest river in Asia is the Ob River with the Irtysh, which is located in Russia.

The largest internal flow rivers in Asia are the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers. They originate in the mountains, and then are dismantled for irrigation on the fertile plains of Central Asia. Previously, they flowed into the Aral Sea, but now they do not have enough water for this and the Aral Sea is gradually drying up because of this. Also, large rivers of internal flow are the Ili and Tarim rivers.

The Arctic Ocean basin includes a number of large rivers flowing through the territory of Russia - the Ob, Yenisei and Lena rivers. The longest of them is the Lena - it originates in the mountains of the Baikal region and along its course about 400 tributaries flow into it. In the lower reaches, the width of the river reaches 30 km, and at the point where it flows into the ocean, the river forms a delta the size of the Kyiv region! The Yenisei is a high-water river with a rapid current - some of the largest hydroelectric power stations in the world have been built on the Yenisei and its tributaries.

The largest rivers of the Pacific Ocean basin are the Yangtze, Yellow River, and Amur. These rivers are fed mainly by monsoon rains (with the exception of the Yangtze, which is also fed by glaciers from the mountains) and are subject to floods and overflows. For example, the Amur River can overflow 10-20 km during the autumn flood. width.

Rivers of the Indian Ocean in the region of South and Southeast Asia also feed on monsoon rains. The largest of these rivers are the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra rivers. In summer they are full of water, they often experience floods at this time, and in winter they practically dry up.

Other rivers of the Indian Ocean located in the Middle East - the Tigris and Euphrates rivers - are fed mainly by waters from the mountains.

The rivers of the Atlantic Ocean are few in number - these are small rivers that flow into the Mediterranean and Black Seas.

The largest rivers in Asia are:

1. Yangtze (river length - 6300 km, basin area - 1807 thousand km. Flows through the territory of the following countries: China).
2. Yellow River (river length - 5464 km, basin area - 752 thousand km. Flows through the territory of the following countries: China
3. Ob (with Irtysh) (river length - 5410 km, basin area - 2990 thousand km. Flows through the territory of the following countries: China, Kazakhstan, Russian Federation
4. Mekong (river length - 4500 km, basin area - 810 thousand km. Flows through the territory of the following countries: China, Laos, Cambodia
5. Amur (with Argun) (river length - 4440 km, basin area - 1855 thousand km. Flows through the territory of the following countries: China, Russian Federation
6. Lena (river length - 4400 km, basin area - 2490 thousand km. Flows through the territory of the following countries: Russian Federation
7. Yenisei (with the Bolshoi Yenisei) (river length - 4092 km, basin area - 2,580 thousand km. Flows through the territory of the following countries: Russian Federation
8. Salween (river length - 3200 km, basin area - 325 thousand km. Flows through the territory of the following countries: China, Myanmar
9. Indus (river length - 3180 km, basin area - 980 thousand km. Flows through the territory of the following countries: China, India, Pakistan
10. Euphrates (with Murat) (river length - 3,065 km, basin area - 673 thousand km. Flows through the territory of the following countries: Turkey, Syria, Iraq

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