Mushroom season In the forests near St. Petersburg, it is time from August to November, but edible mushrooms can be found Leningrad region practically round year.
And so - you gathered with the Spirit, got stuck with the tool, got acquainted with and even notified! Let's catch - whether you are going to the forest on time. We look at the mushroom calendar according to the most popular edible mushrooms known in the forests of the Leningrad region.
| Mushroom skill calendar | ||
| Month of collection | Types of mushrooms | Features of the collection |
| January | Veshinka | For mushrooms, the most empty month, there is almost nothing to search in the forest. But if winter was warm, you can find fresh oysters. Weshes usually grow on trees, a hat of such a mushroom one-sided or rounded, the plates run on the leg, as if caustic to it. Distinguish the oyster edible mushrooms It is easy - it has absolutely no leather on the touch cap. |
| February | Oyshemka, wooden mushrooms | If there has not been a thaw, you have almost nothing to look for in the forest |
| March | Oyster, Wooden Mushrooms, Human | Mushrooms are practically no, but at the end of the month the first snowdrops may appear. |
| April | Oyster, Wood Mushrooms, Honor, Crazy, Stitching | Quite often there are mushrooms - snowdrops - smurches and lines |
| May | Crazy, Stitch, Oil, Oyster, Raincoat | Most fungi can be found not under the trees, but in glades, in thick grass. |
| June | Maslenok, borave, boletus, oyster, curl, okey, chanterelle, white mushroom, raincoat | In June, the mushrooms of the highest category begin to appear. |
| July | Maslenok, Podberezovik, Boostyl, Oyster, Crash, Raincoat, Open, Chanterelle, White Mushroom, Mochovik | Mushrooms are already quite a lot - both in the glades, and under the trees. In addition to mushrooms, strawberries are already found and |
| August | Maslenok, Podberezovik, Boostyl, Oyster, Crash, Opel, Fox, White Mushroom, Mochovik | At this time, mushrooms can be found almost everywhere: in the grass, under the trees, near the stumps, in the ditches and trees and even in urban squares and on the side of the road. In addition to mushrooms, it has already been matured, and the swamps appear. |
| September | Masinka, Podberezovik, Boostyl, Oyster, Crazy, Opel, Chanterelle, White Mushroom, Mochovik, Oyshemka | September is the most damned mushroom month. But you need to be attentive: autumn comes in the forest, and in bright foliage it is difficult to see the colorful mushroom caps. |
| October | Voyuy, Oyshemka, Ryzhik, Opel, Champignon, Boostyl, White Mushroom, Grub, Mochovik, Syroezhka | The number of mushrooms in open places - Polyana begins to decrease. In October, it is necessary to look for mushrooms in closed places - near the stumps and under the trees. |
| November | Maslenok, green, oyster, wood mushrooms. | The weather is already, might and main freezes, and the probability of frozen mushrooms is great. |
| December | Wessentian, Wood Mushrooms | There are almost no mushrooms, but if fantastically warm autumnYes, and even lucky, may you get up to find the remains of the autumn harvest of mushrooms. |
Let your quiet hunt be successful, and dinner in a good company yes under the house or at the recreation center will be a good reminder of our Northern Nature.
Garbage collection - not only interesting hobbyBut the wonderful opportunity to diversify your own diet. If, of course, approach to the question is serious. For mushrooms - such a thing that is a frivolous relationship is not forgiven - very much among them is a lot of good and simply inedible species.
And even if you clearly know all these differences and spend differential diagnosis with the flight, it is not a fact that your catching out of nature will be successful because you need to know - when collecting mushroomsand also where and how to do it right. And it is about this that will be our article.
When to collect mushrooms?
Actually, main question. Unfortunately, the answer to it is quite approximate, as it depends on the set of factors, especially - geographical location Zones "Quiet Hunting". So the time segments we present will give you only an approximate idea of when collecting mushrooms. And everything else will have to learn about personal experience.
December January February
Winter is not too suitable for girlfriend. Nevertheless, if it is warm and low, then the mushrooms have a chance to find merrenions. And let this mushroom, let it taste a water and not too nutritious, but the very fact that in the winter partially fruitned forest you can find something edible, quite pleasant. Other wood mushrooms begin to appear closer to the spring -, among which you can also find edible specimens.
March April May
The number of horses gradually decreases, but the first begin to appear normal mushrooms. True, these are smurches, lines and raincoats ... the third and fourth category, but at least something. Mae already appears meadowed, if the weather has the weather. That is, yes, search for mushrooms in the forest is still early, but in the fields they are already starting to slowly appear. Even the oil can already be detected.
June
The beginning of the appearance of white mushrooms. As well as an active growth of subberezovikov, boosynovikov, chanterelles, oil, cheese and champignons. It makes sense to go to the forest and collect mushrooms There, especially in birch, oak and coniferous. And yes, the appearance of mushrooms of the first and second category is exactly what every self-respecting mushroom picker is waiting.
July
All the same as in June, plus freight. Yes, July - the best time to collect plastic mushrooms. But you need to be extremely cautious because it is plastic mushrooms The easiest way to confuse with something bad.
August
Peak collection of mushrooms in general. All categories are actively growing, you can find something in the forests, and in the fields. There are tubular, and lamellar mushrooms, and in large quantities. Govorushki appear, autumn pigeons, at the peak of growth of freight, raw, champignons, mushrooms of the first and second category. Damn, I myself walking a couple of days ago at the lake in the park, accidentally came to the champignon. And if they are purposefully searching for and collect mushrooms, then with empty baskets, they will not return exactly home.
September
Peak autumn mushrooms. Podbotzoviki, boosions, white mushrooms, late raw, autumn, mosski, last chanterelles, curls. All in large quantities, except that, because of the start of the leaf fall, they get harder to look for. So if at least one mushroom is found - you need to carefully check the terrain around.
October
White mushrooms are still active and numerous, like champignons, Valiui, govarushki, nailed autumn. Appear. In general, the number of mushrooms goes to a decline, so that it is possible only near the trees and stumps, and it is not always. Most of Mushroomnikov in October turns its activities.
November
Latest white mushrooms in pine BorakhOn old trees begin to appear ones, in some places you can still detect an oil. In general, this is no longer a season for collecting mushrooms. If, of course, the end of autumn is not too cold - then mushrooms can be collected a little longer.
Where to collect mushrooms?
First of all, you need to remember that mushrooms are characterized by increased hygroscopicity. That is, it pulls everything that can capture. And these are salts of heavy metals, and various harmful substancescontained in smoke, gasoline and other technical fluids and gases. Radiation also accumulate well. Therefore, in no case can collect mushroomsalong roads or in industrial and active regions. Even collected champignons in the city park can become a source of any nastiness.
It should also be remembered that some mushrooms grow exclusively on a suitable substrate - wood. Of course, among them there are many inedible, but also sometimes meet. In addition, it is the word mushrooms that are much better tolerance, the poet is growing in the cold weather conditionsWhen all the other types have already been mixed.
It is necessary to consider the fact that the mushroom mycelium is very often entering symbiosis with the wood root system. This is what explains the fact that the boosions are growing in the aspen groves, inhibitors - in birchings, and white, encouraging symbiosis with various species trees possess great species diversity. So before going to the forest, count on exactly which mushrooms can grow theoretically there. More specifically, we also will write about this.
As for concrete mushroom seats... here, alas, we can't help you with anything. You will have to look for yourself, passing not one kilometer of crushed terrain. The main thing is to remember, and even better - apply to the map, the place where you were lucky. And if you collect mushrooms as it is necessary, it's a high chance that next year this place will please you with pleasure.
Specialists are always asked at what time of the day it is best to go for mushrooms. In principle, this is absolutely anyway. And only if you do not want to walk in those places where other people have already collected the "harvest", you will have to get up at the dawn.
Let's start with the basic rules. The most important thing is for the mushroom - basket. When you want to define the kind of mushroom, always take into account its location. If you are not sure that I properly determined the form, show the mushroom by a specialist. Collect as few unknown fungi as possible and determine their appearance without hurrying. Never lead yourself as robbers on the place where you found mushrooms.
Equipment
Going to the hike for mushrooms, do not forget that your clothes should match the weather, and most importantly - there must be comfortable and durable shoes. In addition, the mushrooms are always necessary: \u200b\u200bbasket, reliable, book about mushrooms. In addition, the magnifier can be very useful.
For the collection of mushrooms does not fit plastic bag! The mushroom pack is impaired and, which is even more dangerous, heated due to the metabolism of the substances occurring and after collecting. This leads to the decomposition of proteins and (under certain circumstances) may cause secondary poisoning. You need a basket that is why: it helps to avoid unnecessary risk.
First you should not go to distant hikes. Remember: if there are 10 kilometers on the forest path, then the search for mushrooms doubles this number.
How to correctly determine mushrooms. The place where the mushroom grows.
As a rule, it is novice underestimate the importance of the place where the mushroom grows, and try to determine his appearance only by external signs. In fact, it is absolutely necessary to inspect everything around: trees, adjacent plants, the quality of the soil, and on the hilly terrain or on the edges - also the location in relation to the parties of the world. Countless details are gradually folded into a mosaic, and thus increase your knowledge of the necessary relationships and relationships. We are not just collecting mushrooms, we gain experience! It is recommended to even write down the current observations, because our memory is not able to preserve everything noted per day in particular.
Beginners are always difficult
If you, finding a mushroom, are not sure that you can definitely define it, you should not do this by anything. After all, looking for similar illustrations in the book and the comparison is a lot of time. And if you suddenly notice the next hat nearby, then the attention is scattered, and you feel the will important work Surface. Therefore, it will be much better if you will bring one or two unfamiliar mushrooms from every hike, and at home, not in a hurry, try to identify them. Of course, these mushrooms should not be folded in a basket with others, they must be placed separately. To do this, a wonderful paper handkerchief is suitable: wrapping the mushroom and do not think that he can be poisonous and, raging, will be near others.
For the first time trying to determine the kind of unfamiliar mushroom, the newcomer after a long and in vain attempts, probably, will abandon the book in the corner, and the mushrooms in the trash can and doubt in itself in mycology! But never need to despair. We must try again and again. Anyone, even the future major specialist, at first worried about the same doubts, but then each successful attempt strengthened his confidence and a love of the process. And for this work, it does not need a complete basket of unknown instances. Therefore, our advice: collect them little by trying to pick up the same mushrooms in different stages of development.
But even when you are sure that you really identified the mushroom, you should not immediately send it into a saucepan. Try (at least at the beginning) to obtain a consultation of a specialist who will confirm that you have not viewed anything and did not confuse anything.
How to collect mushrooms
Mushrooms grow many years on the same places, but only if the mushrooms do not destroy. Therefore, it is extremely important, finding a mushroom, not to pull it out of the soil! A beginner should carefully unscrew or twist it out of the ground or tree, without breaking the legs. Firstly, the fungnya will almost not be damaged, and secondly, the mushroom itself is easier to judge the characteristic signs of many species. If you cut down the part of the fungus, which is above the ground, then characteristic signs It will be impossible to see. Only when you will really understand the mushrooms and distinguish with all confidence poisonous mushroom From edible, you can cut off the fruit body over the ground; Then the mushroom remains safe and preservation.
In mushrooms growing on a tree (for example, oh), legs are usually tough and tasteless, so it is customary to cut only their caps. The legs remain on the trunk of a tree, and a very little time will pass before the new abundant harvest can be collected in the same place.
Old I. chervichi mushrooms To collect, of course, is not worth it, as well as tiny "buttons". In the latter, the characteristic signs of the species have not yet been manifested, so they are difficult to identify and distinguish from poisonous and dangerous twins. If you accidentally tore an unsuitable fruit body (it is sourced worms, rotted, etc.), then you must put it on former placeSo that the mushroom disputes ensure the preservation of the view. Perfect blasphemy - to explode the soil, break or rip the moss to detect all the tiny mushrooms to the last.
The collected mushrooms must be cleaned from dirt, seized edges or worms right in place, and very carefully. If the skin of the hats in the mushroom mushroom is very slippery, the mucous (like, for example, in the oilball), then it is necessary to remove it immediately. (Of course, if you definitely identified the view!). Cleaning mushrooms Before cooking at home should be only the last control.
Caring for nature
The commandment for each amateur of mushrooms is the love of nature and the desire to observe her laws, caring for cleanliness, trying not to damage anything and not to break.
Only if you absolutely know what kind of mushrooms in front of you (in this case, these are white mushrooms), you can cut them with a knife right in the ground
The place of the prival in the forest after your holiday should not look like after the fair. Paper in which sandwiches were wrapped, empty banks can be taken with them and throw away where it is relied.
The mushroom should not necessarily leave such traces as collected, and then thrown and crushed mushrooms - poisonous, tasteless, old. He who mindlessly behaves in the forest cannot hope for gratitude to people passing through the same way.
Collecting mushrooms, try not to remove from forest paths. Why, this is not necessary. In the forest crown, trees are closed and precipitates are distributed exactly. And on the edges and near the paths, the humidity always turns out to be higher and, therefore, the mushrooms grow better. Reserve places And young landings are better to go around the party. If the forester will see you, then not to avoid trouble and high fine.
It would be nice to inquire in forestry about the rules for collecting mushrooms in one area or another. So, at certain times of the year, there may be restrictions on the collection of mushrooms in general or on their permissible amount. And, finally, there are places in the forest where the access to mushrooms or tourists is not allowed at all (for the sake of animals living there or, for example, from the cutting of trees). On the edge of the forest, the harvest is often particularly abundant.
Autumn - wonderful time to collect mushrooms. Therefore, all over the world, experienced and beginner mushrooms go hunting for oils, thickening, white, chanterelles and other mushrooms.
In today's top-10 we will tell about Self mushroom countries on the planet And specific places selected by Forbes Life experts.
National Mushroom Months in the Country ascending sun It is considered october. The main competitor of Truffle is growing here - Matsutaka Mushroom. The cost of a kilogram of such fungi in Europe reaches $ 4,000.
9. China
Collect Chinese mushrooms best with the conductor. The most fungic region is the province of Yunnan, where 500 varieties of edible mushrooms are growing. An amazing for the Russian mushroom nose will be the so-called "Mushroom Cabbage", which in our country is listed in the Red Book.
8. Spain
Features of the Spanish climate allow you to collect mushrooms all year round. Moreover edible varieties About Hundreds grows in the country. Especially it should be noted Boroviki, as well as the Mushroom Caesar, which in our forests is practically not found.
7. Poland.
In November, the season of collecting the so-called " polish fungus"- a relative of the usual Mokhovik. Collect mushrooms in Poland can only be specifically reserved by the administration. Tourists tend to prefer to settle on eco-farms, around which are located for collecting plots.
6. Italy
The most important for Italians is a mushroom - Piedmont Truffle. If it was not fortunate enough to independently find a wonderful fragrant mushroom, it can be purchased at the annual November truffle bazaar, which takes place in the Piedmont region.
5. France
The main mushroom treasure of the country is a black truffle. Every year, gourmets from all over the world go to Provence for a truffle hunting. Travel companies even organize special thematic tours for those who want.
4. USA
The American Institute of Mushrooms every year publishes statistics on the number of mushrooms, conducted by the collection competitions and recordsmen. For each mushroom in the States, a collection rate is installed - no more than 13 kg per hike, which may be no more than ten for one year, otherwise a special license is required.
3. Canada
In Canada, many special mushroom Fermwhere the excursion is enjoyable for tourists and make master classes on mushroom cooking. To collect wild mushrooms, you can advise a two-hour excursion accompanied by an instructor with the subsequent preparation of the harvest assembled.
2. Finland
The mushroom season in Finland ends at the end of November. Every year more than 10 thousand foreign mushrooms arrive at this time. The Finnish chanterelles, Boroviki and Gorkushki are especially popular.
1. Belorussia
Mushrooms in Belarus, without exaggeration, - national Product. The collection season here lasts until mid-November. Mushroom skins are happy to enjoy a special Internet resource Borovik.by, where you can download the most productive routes, as well as a structured Mobile Mushroom Catalog.
Useful and fragrant. He got such a name thanks to a hat that does not change the color even after drying. The mushroom remains white, although other species gradually black.
Nutritious I. taste qualities on high. From the article you will learn everything about the white mushroom: when to collect them where they grow, how to distinguish from inedible.
Description of white mushroom
Almost every summer, the mushrooms are rejoiced by crop. How nice to look for mushrooms and at the same time enjoy fresh clean air. Enjoy great demand White mushroom. When collecting it, knows every person who specializes in this business. There is an opinion that a white mushroom from the kind of Borovikov.
The diameter of the Hats most often happens 25 cm. Sometimes it reaches 27, and even 30 cm. It all depends on the type. As soon as the hat begins to grow, it looks like a half-one. Gradually becomes more flat and dry. The color of the white mushroom is diverse. Depending on the habitat. As the mushrooms say, it depends on how much light hits the mushroom. It can be both white and dark-brown. That is, the brighter the terrain, the darker the mushroom.
The length of the leg happens 15, 20 and even 25 cm. The thickness of the fungus varies. First, he has a thin leg, over time it becomes a cylindrical shape and comes to 10 cm.
The mushroom has a tube on which small pores are clearly visible. When he grows, his painting changes. At first it is light white, then yellowish, and at the time of ripening is green. At the very breakfast legs from the hat, the color does not change. This is a white mushroom. When collecting it, you need to know. After all, it is impossible to use it with green and relaxed.
White mushroom use
Such a product contains carotene, vitamin B, C, D and Riboflavin. It is these vitamins that help strengthen their nails, hair, skin and the whole organism. The large content of sulfur and polysaccharides helps with cancerous diseases.
As part of a white mushroom, there is a lot of lecithin, with the help of which atherosclerosis is treated and hemoglobin rises. It has a lot of protein, which when frying gradually disappears. That is why it is recommended to use mushrooms in a dried form. They are better absorbed in the body.
Carbohydrates that are in white mushroom support, strengthen the immune system and protect against various viruses. Therefore, they are recommended to use as often as possible. However, mushrooms are heavy food for the stomach. Try to apply them in the soups dried. Where white mushrooms grow and when they are collecting them in the article.
Harm of white mushrooms
People are often used toxic substances, not even suspecting it. Any mushrooms that grow near the track or in polluted places - strong natural sorbents. They absorb all toxic substances. Therefore, to keep your health, you need to look for white mushroom in clear places. When collecting and where, tell me further.
Doctors are forbidden to give mushrooms to children. If there is poisoning, the child will be saved almost impossible.
The children's body cannot cope with the mushroom chitinic shell, as there is an insufficient amount of the necessary enzymes to digest food. Moreover, mushrooms.
Habitat
Many people do not know where white mushrooms grow. Wet and rainy conditions are most suitable for them. Where there is a hand, white mushrooms are impossible in the forest.
Most often, such a delicacy occurs not far from Mochsorov. Which forests grow white mushrooms? Experienced mushrooms Can answer this question. Often they are close to rivers or streams. Mushrooms love not only moisture, but also warm. In hot time they are hiding under the bushes, grass, and in the fall, on the contrary, looking for outdoor places so that the sun impressed them.
The mushrooms have an idea, in which forests are growing white mushrooms. After all, they can be found not everywhere. Pine forests or birch groves famous for white mushrooms. In these places they grow no one, but families. Therefore, if at least one mushroom found, do not go far, probably there is still there.
All forests, coniferous, pine or deciduous, are famous for white mushrooms. However, only in old places. Young forests can not boast of abundance of this glorious delicacy.
Now you understand which forests are growing white mushrooms, and you can easily go to their search.
Where to collect white mushrooms in the suburbs
This wonderful delicacy is growing not in every forest. This territory is in the direction of Moscow to the West. It is there that there are forests with high humidity And all the conditions for the growth of white mushrooms.
This is in Ruz or Shakhovsky districts. If you go to the northern direction from Moscow, then you can turn to the suburb of Tald.
Experienced environmentalists believe that white mushrooms can not be collected in the Khimki forest or Lyubertsy. These areas are considered contaminated, and the conditions in them are unfavorable for white mushrooms. Even if they are edible, can be poisonous only due to the fact that all harmful substances have absorbed.
Now you know where to collect white mushrooms in the suburbs, and you will not be difficult to understand clean and contaminated areas. Most often, the crop on this beautiful delicacy is big, the main thing is not to be mistaken in it and do not disrupt the poisonous.
When collecting white mushrooms
In the spring and winter, you can not search for this delicacy. Anyway to find them it will be impossible. No one will definitely say, in which month they collect white mushrooms. Usually they appear in June, and their season continues until October. If the summer began before, in April or May, and the humidity of the air is increased, then you can find the first white mushrooms. However, if the autumn frosty and wounded the cold early, then do not wait for them in October.
They grow very quickly. Of the small, weight of 3 gr., In a week it becomes about 200-250 gr. Very often you can meet the giants that reach 700 grams. As a long-term practice has shown than the mushroom, the better is absorbed by the body. That is, it is not quite small, because not matured. Perfect option For eating from 100 gr. up to 300 gr. In too big Mushrooms There are a lot of fiber, so the human body is hard to assimilate them.
Very useful white mushroom. When collecting it, decide for yourself. However, it is always worth remembering that summer is the optimal time for harvesting. White mushrooms love worms and insects very much. Therefore, in the autumn you need to try to find a good and intact product.
The difference between false mushroom from the present
Very often people collect not the product that they need. Everything happens by ignorance. Therefore, they confuse a false white mushroom with the present. They are found equally under deciduous or coniferous trees. The appearance of them is practically identical.
The first delusion of people that the invading false white mushroom grows separately. It can be seen on a warm leaf glade or edge. False mushroom often intersects with the present.
The first difference is a terrible bitter taste. A false mushroom does not apply to the category of poisonous, so more experienced people try a very small piece. It appears immediately very bitter taste.
If you are afraid of the fungus try during the collection, then the heat treatment will help you. When frying or boiling, bitter taste becomes unbearable.
Be careful because in the pulp false mushroom are located toxic substanceswho gradually poison the body. With constant use, the liver is destroyed, its performance, and even cirrhosis can develop.
Symptoms of poisoning
You already know what a white mushroom is when collecting it and where. However, it is necessary to understand which symptoms are in poisoning, and what to do in this case. As practice has shown, the first signs appear no later than two hours after use.
The poisoning appears nausea, vomiting and severe diarrhea. The temperature rises almost up to 40 degrees, and their hands and legs become very cold, and the chills begins. In some cases, hallucinations are noticeable.
At the first signs of poisoning, you need to take activated carbon, drink as much as possible cold water and strong chilled tea. Meanwhile, you need to call a doctor or ambulance. Only with the right and timely treatment of a person has the opportunity to recover for three days.
Loading...
