First aid for poisonous animal bites: what is the danger of a snake bite? How to distinguish a poisonous snake from not poisonous snake? What should you do if you are bitten by a snake?
Bites snakes are fraught with great danger to human health. The fact is that today they allocate numerous types snakes, which tend to release a very strong poison that can not only harm the general state of human health, but also lead to death. The amount of venom released by a venomous snake bite is much greater than the amount of venom released by the bite of any other poisonous insect... It is not surprising that snakes are considered to be much more dangerous than the same scorpions, poisonous spiders and many other animals.

Despite the fact that most people believe that snakes are extremely aggressive, in fact, their poisonous species it is common to attack on its own only in very rare cases... As a rule, in the attack of these poisonous animals, the person himself turns out to be guilty, since it is he who, in most cases, disturbs the snake or, for whatever reason, attacks it. First aid for a snakebite involves rinsing the affected area with running water, squeezing the poison out of it, fixing the affected limb. In addition, the wound must be wrapped with a sterile bandage, after which the victim must be delivered to medical institution.

The types of snakes that are most dangerous to humans

If we consider the list of terrestrial poisonous animals, then among all its diversity one can immediately distinguish snakes, the bites of which can cause human death. A particular danger is posed by such types of these animals as: sandy efa , cobra, viper and gyurza... If a person is bitten by a snake, he should immediately seek help from a specialist doctor, as it is quite possible that it was poisonous. Right now, some of the distinctive features of poisonous snakes will be presented to your attention.

Specific traits of venomous snakes:
All poisonous snakes have slit eyes and a head, which appearance is like a triangle. If we talk about the common viper, then it has a special color, but the main tone still remains cinnamon, while a zigzag pattern is visible on the back. Gyurza has a very large thick body, which has a reddish-brown or grayish-sandy color. Throughout the back of the gyurza, there are transversely elongated spots. Efe is characterized by a golden-sandy color, while quite large spots are located along the entire body white, and a light zigzag is drawn on the side. The so-called cross is on the head of the epha.

It is important to have some information about how poisonous snakes behave. For example, a cobra, when it attacks a person, tends to make a kind of throw, the length of which is equal to a third of its body. Explicit hallmark The cobra is also considered to be its threat pose: the front third of the body takes a vertical position, the hood inflates, the head swings from side to side, while the snake emits a hiss. If we talk about gyurza, then at the moment of threat it bends the front part of the body in the form of a zigzag.

At such moments, Efa is rolled up into a socket, in the center of which is a head with a specific pattern, which in all its appearance resembles a cross or a bird at the time of flight. In the case of a bite of a non-venomous snake, two stripes of thin small scratches are noted on the victim's body. If the bite was carried out by a poisonous snake, then there are also two stripes of scratches on the face, however, punctures left by fangs are also noted at their ends.

Signs of a snakebite:

• One or two punctate wounds or scratches clearly identified.
• Increasing swelling around the bite and pain at the site of the lesion.
• Vomiting, cold sweat, fever, drowsiness, severe nausea, muscle weakness.
• Visual impairment, namely "split" in the eyes.
• Labored breathing.

First aid for snakebite

If a person is bitten by a snake:

• Remain completely calm and immediately send someone for the help of a specialist doctor or, if possible, call an ambulance yourself.
• In order for the poison not to be able to spread throughout the body in accelerated pace try to move as little as possible. In no case should the victim move independently. He should be laid down immediately and given complete rest. In addition to the entire affected area, complete immobility should be ensured, while fixing it with a bandage. If the bite fell on the upper limb, then it is fixed in a bent position.
• In the case of a snakebite, immediately suck the poison out of the affected area... In this case, it is necessary to squeeze the tissue around the wound with your teeth, while simultaneously sucking and squeezing out the liquid. The resulting liquid should be spit out as quickly as possible. This entire process usually takes fifteen to twenty minutes. During this period of time, approximately twenty to fifty percent of the poison is extracted. Do not worry that the poison will penetrate into your body. In fact, this is unrealistic. First of all, the person who comes to the rescue always spits out poison. In addition, the amount of poison that can still enter the body is very small and cannot cause intoxication.
• We disinfect the wound with brilliant green or iodine, after which we apply a tight bandage to the site of the lesion. The more the swelling develops, the weaker the bandage needs to be applied. Thus, it will be possible to avoid damage to soft tissues.
• The victim should consume great amount liquids, namely water, tea, and so on. This will make it possible to cleanse the body of the available poison much faster.
• If necessary, do heart massage and artificial respiration.
• It is necessary to hospitalize the victim as soon as possible, since only in the hospital he will be able to enter a special multivalent anti-snake serum.

• Cut out the affected area or cut it crosswise. Cuts with objects such as glass, knives, and others can cause infection.
• Do moxibustion in the place of injury with such red-hot objects as gunpowder or coals from a fire.
• In fact, such moxibustion is not effective, since the length of the teeth of a poisonous snake is one centimeter. As a result, the poison tends to penetrate very deeply into the tissues. Cauterization on the surface of the skin will not have absolutely any healing effect, but it can provoke the development of a scab, under which suppuration develops.
• Apply a tourniquet above the lesion. It will only make it worse general well-being the victim, and also increase the risk of his death.
• Drink alcohol. Understand to yourself, alcohol is not an antidote, it does not allow the poison to leave the body, as it only enhances its effect. In such cases, urgent

Estimated reading time: 8 minutes

The child was bitten by a snake. What could sound scarier to parents? Especially if a very small child was attacked by this animal. Most people have a subconscious fear of stinging animals. In many cases, the bites of some exotic animals, in fact, are not fatal, but the very fact of the bite terrifies a person. The body reacts instantly: the release of hormones into the blood, a sharp jump blood pressure, high fever, cold perspiration. The snake at all times produced a frightening effect on people. For some, the mere mention of snakes is enough to restrict movement around the area, exclude swimming in a pond and even be afraid of being in own home if there might be a snake somewhere nearby.

Favorite places of snakes

If a snake has bitten a child, this does not mean at all that it is hunting a person. Snakes are never the first to attack humans. However, this animal is easy enough to scare, sometimes just by its presence, noisy behavior, sharp movements, so that the snake takes a defensive position. Snakes often guard the clutches of their eggs or already hatched cubs from threats from the outside world. In such cases, the female can even be in ambush, keeping in the field of her control a space in a rather wide radius around her nest.

There are a huge number of species of snakes, so it is difficult to predict where you can meet this animal. Some species live only near reservoirs with stagnant water, others like dry and sandy soil. It should not be forgotten that many snakes swim well and even have the ability to go under water for short periods of time.

IN European areas vipers are especially dangerous to humans. There are really a lot of them on the abandoned land plots, in haystacks, along streams, in bodies of stagnant water. The viper swims well, nests in the coastal strip, often keeping the entire surface of a small pond or reservoir under control. They love clean water while trying to avoid sewage sources.

On sandy soils, usually in the coastal sea strip, you can often find asp or gyurza. Their bites are deadly. It happens that in intense heat snakes creep out onto city beaches, terrifying vacationers. If the snake does not feel a threat to itself, it behaves in a measured manner, it can slowly crawl into its hole past people.

Recently, there have been cases of importing snakes when transporting exotic fruits from Asian and African countries. There snakes, as they say, are just in stock. In this way, quite uncharacteristic inhabitants for a given area can penetrate the European continent. Moreover, the snakes from the fruit boxes, having covered great distances, having lost contact with their homes, are already very hostile to their "liberators" who unpack the goods.

Children should be explained with early age that direct contact with the snake is deadly. The child must develop an instinct for self-preservation. The snake can stay for hours in the same place, without participating in the surrounding reality. However, this is just a subjective opinion of a person. The snake collects information about outside world capturing sounds, vibrations, tremors crust and neighboring items. Also, snakes tend to hide under large boulders, even arrange their nests there and raise offspring.

There are frequent cases of snakes entering people's homes. Even urban multi-storey buildings are no exception.

Taking a child with you for a walk in a forest or even open woodland, one should beware of abandoned bushy areas, islets with stagnant water, stones and deep depressions under the roots of trees.

What to warn a child against in order to avoid a snake bite

The kid should avoid actions that directly threaten his life if he went into contact with a snake. Parents need to understand that contact with a snake can be forced and deliberate. If an adult, seeing a snake, tries to get away from it, then the child's reaction is difficult to predict. Especially if the child is very small.

The first acquaintance with a snake can cause a child's genuine interest in exotic things, snakes are really very beautiful, graceful and attractive. If the baby is afraid of a snake, his reaction can be very unpredictable - from an attack on an animal with with bare hands before throwing stones and large objects that come to hand. Naturally, this behavior will lead to the inevitable bite.

Parents are obliged to warn children before any walks from direct contact with any animals, be they dogs, wasps, spiders and even cats. Small child must be tirelessly supervised by senior family members or parents. The kid should calmly bypass the danger.

First steps when meeting a snake

If contact with the snake could not be avoided, the child should be instilled with several simple behavioral maneuvers that will save his life, for example:

• do not give in to panic;
• calm small steps to leave the place with the animal;
• in no case throw stones at the snake;
• do not shout;
• do not make sudden movements, especially hand waves;
• do not jump away from the snake.

Sharp awkward hand movements next to the snake are especially dangerous. Snakes have very poor eyesight, thermoregulation helps them in nature. The snake senses warmth coming and going. It can move after the heat emanating from a person. Of course, such a fact can only add fear. The upper limbs of people usually have the most high fever body, and sharp movements by them lead to temperature fluctuations around the human body in the immediate vicinity of the snake. Making sharp movements with his hands, a child can only carry along the "forest beauty" without knowing it. An adult will benefit from the growth of his body, and the baby's hands will be within the radius of perception of the snake.

A small child needs to be reminded of this regularly. Children's memory is not yet capable of retaining large amounts of information in the head, especially information with which there was no direct contact. The kid will in fact sincerely not understand what adults are talking about at all, explaining the responses to some unfamiliar animal. And indeed it is. Every child should know snakes, spiders, wasps and bees with his own eyes. When talking about the danger posed by these animals, you need to show pictures with their images. Let it be different pictures- large and small, in different angles. The kid must clearly understand what is at stake.

First steps after being bitten by a snake

What to do if a snake has bitten a child? If the bite has already taken place, it is necessary to provide emergency assistance to the victim. Loving mother instantly rush to the baby's wound and try to suck the poison out of the blood. Such an event is highly unsafe. If there are open wounds in a woman's mouth, which is not uncommon, it is possible that another person will be infected with the same poison. In cases where the medical institution is far from the scene of the incident, you should help the baby yourself. To do this, parents must take a number of safety measures after a bite:

• call an ambulance;
• rinse the wound with clean water;
• wash the wound with soapy water (it is advisable to use laundry soap);
• photograph or remember the appearance of the snake (size, color, skin pattern);
• keep the child's body in a horizontal position, but so that the bite is below the heart;
• in case of edema, free the body from clothing.

Don't be nervous about showing your excitement to a child. This will only aggravate the victim's condition. When frightened, the baby's heart rate will only increase, which will contribute to a faster blood flow through the tissues, and, accordingly, poison.

When calling an ambulance in remote area it is advisable to immediately describe the appearance of the snake so that the doctor takes the necessary antidotes, or at least knows what to prepare for.

Common mistakes in helping with snake bites

If a child is bitten by a snake, it is strictly forbidden to take a number of measures that can cause irreparable harm to the health of the baby up to lethal outcome... It is the responsibility of every parent to be familiar with the most common mistaken methods of avoiding danger after a snake bite. So, it is strictly forbidden:

• Cut the bite site. This is usually the case for those who believe that in this way it is possible to push the tissues around the bite and eliminate the poison. In most cases, such a procedure only contributes to the introduction of infection with all the ensuing consequences. If the bite falls on the tissue around the tendons, then it can even end up with disability.
• Cauterize the bite site. This is a pointless procedure that for some reason is often practiced by most adults. The teeth of a snake that secrete poison, when bitten, penetrate deep into the soft tissues, and cauterization of the upper layer of the epidermis will simply lead to an external burn, aggravating the situation by the fact that the bite will become inaccessible for extraction of the poison.
• Self-administer antidotes, which are now sold in pharmacies without a prescription. It is deadly, especially if the snake has bitten little child... The dose of the antidote to be administered, as well as the antidote itself, must be determined by the doctor. Moreover, the serum is introduced in stages, increasing the dose.
• Apply cotton wool with various antiseptics and fix them tightly at the site of the bite. It is impossible to cover the bite site, moreover, to use alcohol-containing preparations. Alcohol will cause increased blood circulation and the spread of poison throughout the body. However, there is information that iodine is effective for snake bites; it partially neutralizes the poison, removing it from the tissues due to its volatility.
• Give tonic drinks to drink. Coffee and other energy drinks can increase your heart rate and energize your body as a whole, making it harder to remove toxins from your tissues.
• Bandage and apply tourniquets above the bite site. For some reason, this erroneous theory is actively practiced in our time. The poison that spreads around the site of the bite with a blood stream will not have an outlet, which will only lead to organic damage to the limb, depriving the tissue of trophism. As a result - the death of soft tissues, which is fraught with gangrenous infection.

If a child has been bitten by a snake, immobilize it by completely restricting motor functions, give plenty of water to drink, which will help eliminate toxins. It will not be superfluous to take adsorbents. It removes toxins well green tea, if there is no time to brew it, you can give the baby a few dry tea leaves to chew.

Poisonous snake bite symptoms

There are often cases when a snake bite cannot be tracked by adults with whom the child is on a walk. And the baby himself does not attach importance to what happened to him due to his own ignorance. This is the most unpleasant thing that can happen after a snake bite.

If a snake has bitten a child imperceptibly, and at the same time it is poisonous enough, the general symptoms of the body's reaction will not take long. Parents should be extremely attentive to the changes in the state of their children. This is especially true for very young children who are not yet able to independently voice their feelings.

Typical symptoms declare danger as follows:

• dizziness;
• drowsiness;
• decreased vision;
• increased salivation;
• nausea;
• vomiting;
• increased sweating;
• cutting or dull pain in the area of ​​the bite;
• swelling around the bite site;
• redness at the site of the bite or spots all over the body;
• pallor of the face;
• accelerated cardiac activity;
• threadlike pulse;
• increased feeling of thirst;
• loss of consciousness;
• cold perspiration.

Squeezing the poison out of the wound, if a child has been bitten by a snake, and the parents did not notice it in time, is ineffective, this can only provoke an increase in puffiness.

Having carefully looked at the baby who is experiencing an ailment, you should carefully examine his body for bites. A snakebite looks typical in most cases - two small holes (no larger than a match head) with bloody edges. Although, if some time has passed after the bite, the wound begins to heal and become inconspicuous.

Activities after the removal of an acute condition

After all necessary measures to eliminate the poison from the body, passed, and nothing threatens the baby's life, rehabilitation measures are strongly recommended. It is important to keep your child healthy. Care should be taken of the tissues at the site of the bite. Affordable folk recipes... For example, lotions from a decoction of chamomile, calendula, sage, echinacea, plantain, yarrow will relieve swelling, redness, and improve the trophism of soft tissues at the site of the bite.

Taking vitamins, herbal decoctions will help you quickly recover, strengthen immunity and avoid negative complications.

Henceforth, in order to avoid snake bites, take the child for walks to places possible habitat you need to wear appropriate shoes; the body should be protected by clothing with a minimum open areas... You can also process open skin repellents or aromatic natural remedies such as lemon, eucalyptus or fir oil. This will protect the baby from insect bites and unwanted anxiety in the forest.

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Poisonous snake bites.

Snakes usually do not attack a person, and if they attack, then only in self-defense, when they want to catch, kill, or just accidentally stepped on them. Snakes are most aggressive during the hibernation period and just before hibernation.

Ejection snake venom can also occur when manipulating practically dead snake due to the posthumous reflex action of the snake's head or even with an unintentional prick of the finger with the poisonous fang of a preserved snake.

When directly, a wound is formed - two red dots. Sometimes at the site of the bite there may be only one red dot, this means that the snake has a broken tooth or the bite was from the side.

After the bite, the victim develops anxiety, general weakness, convulsions, thirst, and dizziness. It is also possible the appearance of vomiting, blood in the urine, impaired breathing and cardiac activity. There is a sharp pain, swelling, redness, blistering, hemorrhage at the site of the bite.

The weight of the victim's body, the state of his health, as well as the site of the bite are very important. Bite in the head or torso two to three times more dangerous than a bite in the limb; and bites in the lower extremities are less dangerous than in the upper ones. Accidental penetration of a venom-conducting tooth into a blood vessel and direct injection of poison there is usually fatal.

To prevent the absorption of the poison into the blood and other tissues, it is recommended to suck the poison out of the wound with the mouth, but provided that there is no damage to the mucous membrane of the mouth and lips. Bloody fluid sucked out by the mouth must be spit out quickly. After removing the poison, the wound is treated with hydrogen peroxide, but not in any case with alcohol or ether, which can help absorb the poison. A dry bandage is applied to the bite site, and a splint is applied to the affected limb.

In the presence of a syringe and an antidote serum, it is injected subcutaneously into the bite site within the first 20 minutes. However, it is important not to overdose the serum, since the wrong dosage can cause even more harm than the bite itself.

The victim should be laid on his side or back, covered with warmth, and provided with complete rest, since rest reduces the metabolism, spread and absorption of poison.

To avoid dehydration, the victim is given plenty of fluids. However, he should not be given alcohol, tea, coffee, as they stimulate the work of the heart.

In addition, psychological support of the victim is also important, he must be reassured.

After rendering at the scene of the accident, the victim must be delivered to a hospital in a supine position as soon as possible.

On the forums First aid for poisonous snake bites

V.V. Kalyuzhny The book contains material on the provision of urgent and urgent medical care for various pathological conditions of a patient or injured person (an attack of illness or injury) in different situations and conditions (at home, at work, on vacation, etc.). The material is presented in a popular presentation and in the amount of first aid ( the entire text )

Khramova E.Yu., Plisov V.A., Ievleva A.A. The handbook is a manual for first aid at home, on the street, at work in case of injuries, poisoning and other emergency conditions, including those arising against the background of diseases of various organs. The emphasis is on first-aid medical care using improvised items, widely ( the entire text )

Urgent Care. A guide for sane parents. Komarovsky E.V. The second part of Dr. Komarovsky's parental guide is devoted to issues of emergency care. The purpose of this book is to provide mums and dads with the necessary theoretical knowledge to make the practical possibility of providing emergency care a reality.

Luzhnikov E.A., Sukhodolova G.N., Ostapenko Yu.N. How to provide first aid to someone poisoned by tobacco, alcohol, drugs, household chemicals..? How to recognize a poisonous substance? Where to go for follow-up qualified medical care and how is it provided? These and many other questions are answered by the leading toxicologists of the N.V. N.V. Sklifosovsky.

Poisonous snake bites, first aid to the victim, basic rules for providing ...

Snakes are the most peculiar creatures on the planet. They boggle the imagination of a person with their appearance, in an original way movement. This arouses a person's increased interest in this kind... When studying snakes, one must not forget that many of their species are poisonous. What to do with a snakebite and how to provide first aid, read the article.

Snake venom

Some reptiles of this species have parotid glands that secrete venom. With the help of ducts, they are connected through channels with two upper teeth... When a snake bites a person, the poison enters the bloodstream and causes severe poisoning often leading to death. The question arises, when a snake bites, what to do? Provide first aid immediately. But it is not necessary to kill snakes, since they are the source of the poison necessary for the manufacture of medicines.

The degree of poisoning with snake venom primarily depends on its dose, concentration and place of entry. Therefore, the consequences are different. Great importance has a person's age and state of health. The most dangerous are bites to the head and torso. If the poison enters the blood vessel immediately when bitten, the person can die in five to ten minutes. for example, twice as dangerous with intramuscular injection than subcutaneous injection. What should you do if you are bitten by a snake? Urgently, without wasting a minute, provide first aid. How to do this, read the article.

When can a snake bite?

For example, does not take active steps to attack. This happens when a person steps on it, tries to touch it with their hands, or accidentally falls into its nest. In this case, there is a justification for her attack: she defends her territory. To avoid, you need to be extremely careful in its habitats.

The snake is deaf, but it perfectly feels the slightest vibration of the earth, along which a man is walking... She will not come close, but simply crawl away. The most likely to meet a viper in mushroom season... To prevent this from happening, you need to take any stick and tap it on the ground in front of you.

Poison poisoning symptoms

• Bite marks are noticeable - two wounds with a triangular shape.
• Pain and burning sensation appear.
• Redness of the tissue around the bite.
• Swelling that spreads quickly.

• Hemorrhage.
• Weakness in the whole body.
• The head is spinning.
• There is pallor of the skin, nausea and vomiting with blood.
• The body temperature rises to forty degrees.

Signs of severe poisoning

In severe poisoning, bleeding spots spread beyond the site of the bite. The affected area of ​​the body becomes purple-bluish in color, and the skin becomes covered with blisters filled with a bloody, cloudy fluid. Often the victim's condition is complicated by the occurrence of vein thrombosis, lymphadenitis. This can occur 8-36 hours after the snakebite, when the poison is introduced into the human body. In this case, there is a strong increase in the volume of the affected area. Wounds for a long time bleed, ulcers and necrosis form later. What to do with a bite to avoid negative consequences? First of all, correctly provide assistance and urgently take the victim to the hospital.

What to do if you are bitten by a snake?

• First aid to the victim should be provided by a person who knows how to do it. Wrong actions can be harmful.
• It is extremely rare, but it happens that a snake, for example a viper, clings tightly and does not want to let go. It must be pulled from the skin by force.
• If you are bitten by a snake, what to do? Before the wound begins to heal, you can suck out the poison. Only a person should not have any wounds in his mouth, otherwise he himself will be poisoned.
• What to do if you are bitten by a snake? First aid is provided in order to prevent the spread of poison throughout the body, therefore, the victim needs to be provided with peace, and not move him from place to place.
• Apply a compression bandage to the bite site, but do not tourniquet above or below it.

• What to do in case of a snake bite if it falls on an arm or leg? First of all, it is necessary to remove everything that is worn on the limbs. The poison always causes significant swelling, all jewelry and hygiene supplies will interfere with blood circulation, which can lead to gangrene.
• If you are bitten by a snake, what to do: If available, take an allergy pill.
• For the quickest removal of the poison from the body, the victim must be ensured. At least three liters of water or a little sweetened tea should be consumed. You need to drink liquid in small sips.

What shouldn't be done?

• The most dangerous and common mistake when providing first aid to a victim is using a tourniquet that is applied to an arm or leg. This will not help the spread of the poison, as it is more aggressive and will still enter the body. But the bitten place will suffer. The fact is that the poison provokes a process such as tissue necrosis. If the snake has bitten a leg or arm, the tourniquet can lead to gangrene.
• It is unacceptable to cut the wound, you can make an infection.
• You cannot cauterize the bite site. This will not help, as the viper injects its venom deeply. Cauterization only once again injures the bite site.
• Do not take alcohol, it accelerates the action of the poison.
• Don't waste your time chasing the snake.

What to do if you are bitten by a snake? The main thing is to stay calm. Panic will not lead to anything good. If a person gets confused and fear settles in him, time can be wasted. You should be aware that a viper bite is very rarely fatal, even if the victim did not seek medical help.

• There are two thousand six hundred species in nature. various snakes... In most cases, they hunt a moving object. The exception is those snakes that feed on carrion. For example, the snake is ovarian.
• Spitting species, upon detecting danger, fall on their backs with their mouths open, pretending to be dead. At the same time, a fetid odor emanates from them. This is a kind of protection against attacks by predators. They don't like carrion with a bad smell.
• On the head of the viper, boa constrictor and python there is such an organ that instantly reacts to any temperature changes, thanks to which snakes hunt perfectly at night.

• considered the most fast snake, the speed of its movement is sixteen kilometers per hour. Coloring does not match the first word of the name. This snake is gray, green or brown in color. She is never black.
• The longest snake on the planet is the python Fuzzy, a resident of the Ohio State Zoo. Its length is seven meters thirty one centimeters. This is a representative of the Guinness Book of Records.
• You have probably heard more than once that in Mexico there is a herbivorous snake, the body of which is covered with thick hair. Rumor has it that she has long become a pet, children love to play with her. Perhaps we will disappoint you, but such a snake does not exist, in fact, herbivorous hairy reptiles are a myth.

Snakes are ubiquitous, so it is not surprising that many encounter a snakebite, more often in nature, mainly in areas of high vegetation. Therefore, everyone needs knowledge of what a snakebite looks like, the symptoms that appear and how to provide first aid after a snakebite during an attack.

In more than 65% of all cases, the snake bites in the area lower limbs... You are walking in tall grass and suddenly you feel a strong prick in your leg. Are you just caught on a thorn or is it a snake bite?

So what does a snake bite look like on a human body? Regardless of how the snake bites, in the leg, arm or other part of the body, one or two small triangular punctures from the snake's teeth are visible on the skin. They are located at a short distance parallel to each other. The snakebite practically does not bleed, or blood appears in small quantities. Redness is visible around the points.

Snake bite symptoms

• Manifestation of moderate pain at the site of skin lesions;
• burning sensation;
• after a short period of time, a maximum of half an hour on the skin, in the place where the snake was bitten, swelling occurs;
• body temperature decreases, dizziness appears, pulls into sleep, nausea and increased heartbeat worried.

According to the area of ​​localization, symptoms can be divided into several groups.

1. The immediate site of the bite: redness, the appearance of wounds, swelling and bruising.
2. Cardiovascular system: increased heart rate, pain in the chest area, breathing problems, pressure drop.
3. Nervous system: the appearance of a headache, the development of dizziness, numbness of the facial muscles and part of the body at the site of injury, blurred consciousness, general weakness, blurred vision.
4. General condition: the appearance of vomiting with bloody discharge, indigestion, fever.

Symptoms of a poisonous snake bite

After the poison enters the body, the victim may develop certain symptoms, the type and degree of manifestation of which depends on the type of reptile.

Common viper. One or two punctures are clearly visible in the area of ​​a possible bite. On the skin at the site of injury, there is a strong burning sensation and a painful sensation. After a maximum of half an hour, significant swelling and redness appears. The skin in the place where the snake bite occurred acquires a bluish-purple hue. The body temperature decreases. Nausea, dizziness begin to disturb, the victim tends to sleep. With severe intoxication, weakness and pallor are added to these symptoms. The limbs grow cold. Consciousness is confused, there is a fever, shortness of breath. A person can lose consciousness, kidney failure develops.

Central Asian cobra. The bite is accompanied by a sharp, burning pain. Relief comes only after a few hours. There is a slight swelling around the wounds, from which fluid may ooze. The skin is clean, without changing the natural color. Depending on which limb the bite occurred in, its functionality is impaired. Perhaps the development of paralysis along the ascending line relative to the bite site. The eyelids and lower jaw begin to drop involuntarily. There is a violation of the movement of the eyeballs. It is caused by damage to the facial muscles. General intoxication develops almost instantly. The affected person is worried about weakness and anxiety. The danger of a snake bite is manifested in difficulty breathing, it becomes difficult for a person to swallow. The separation of saliva increases, nausea worries, vomiting may open. Speech is devilish, often a person simply opens his mouth, but the sound of words is inaudible. The reaction to a snake bite can be involuntary urination and emptying of the stomach.

Depending on the strength of the bite and the amount of poison that has entered the bloodstream, as well as due to untimely first aid, the victim may die in as soon as possible(30 minutes-7 hours). In rare cases, the period takes more than a day.

First aid for a snake bite

How to provide first aid for a snake bite? What's the first thing to do? The main thing is not to panic and be able to coordinate your actions. If a non-venomous snake has bitten a person, it is necessary to thoroughly wash the wound in order to reduce the amount of dirt that has got into the wound with the reptile's dirty teeth. Care must be taken to prevent water from getting into the wounds.

First aid for a snake bite should be carried out as soon as possible. Not later than 20 minutes from the moment of the bite, treat the wound with an antiseptic solution (potassium permanganate, iodine, etc.), avoiding getting funds on the affected areas. Cooling the damaged area will help relieve swelling. For this, ice, a dampened napkin, or a bottle filled with liquid are suitable. Bandage the bite site to avoid infection.

The fact is that first aid for a snakebite is one of the decisive factors in preserving human life... In case of severe pain, first aid for a snakebite consists in taking painkillers medicines... Emergency help with a snake bite is needed for people suffering from allergies. They primarily need antihistamines. Even the bite of a non-venomous snake will provoke complications in an allergic person.

First aid for a poisonous snake bite

In terms of the degree of intoxication, the snake's venom surpasses insect bites and, accordingly, the first aid provided can differ significantly.

1. Place the victim on a horizontal surface lying down. The poison spreads more slowly through the blood if the person is in a horizontal position.
2. As soon as possible, contact the medical staff of the nearest institution. Do not leave the victim alone. If there is no pain, burning, swelling on the skin at the site of the bite, most likely the snake was non-venomous.
3. Free the affected part of clothing, jewelry, any objects that interfere with the outflow of blood when swelling develops.

It is necessary before the arrival of doctors:

• immobilize the affected limb (ideal is a loose bandage, splint, etc.);
• suck the poison from the wound (the procedure should be carried out no later than 10 minutes after the bite). In 20 minutes, more than half of the poison that has got into it is removed from the bite wounds. You shouldn't do it with your mouth. Extra microbes will get into the wound, and through damage to the oral mucosa, the poison enters the bloodstream to the person who has the first medical assistance when bitten by poisonous snakes.;
• treat the wounds with a disinfectant solution (hydrogen peroxide, brilliant green). It is strictly forbidden to carry out the treatment with alcohol. Its use provokes increased circulation of blood flow and, as a result, the rapid spread of poison;
• to limit the possibility of infection penetration into the wound by applying a sterile bandage (it should not squeeze the limb. A finger can freely pass between the material and the skin);
• cool the skin with ice (take breaks as often as possible to avoid tissue frostbite);
• use antihistamines and glucocorticosteroids. Perfect option enter them intramuscularly;
• the victim should drink as much liquid as possible (up to 5 liters per day). Allows to reduce the intoxication of the body.
  in case of respiratory failure, a tampon moistened with ammonia is used to relieve the condition. ;
• with the rapid development of problems with breathing and heart function, stimulants are introduced;
• if breathing is completely absent and the activity of the cardiovascular system is not observed, artificial respiration and indirect heart massage are performed.

What not to do after being bitten by a snake

1. The site of damage cannot be cut crosswise or completely cut out. Additional damage will trigger infections. Damage to veins or tendons is possible.
2. Do not cauterize the damaged area with hot objects or chemicals... The thing is that poisonous teeth penetrate deep into muscle tissue and this effect will not give the desired result. Subsequently, scabs form, under which suppuration develops.
3. In no case should the injured limb be overtightened. The imposition of a tourniquet will cause manifestations of gangrenous phenomena, which increases the risk of death.
4. Do not give the victim alcohol for internal use or treat the bite site with them. Alcoholic drinks are not an antidote. Its penetration into the blood only enhances the effect of the poison on the body and complicates its excretion.
5. It is not recommended to insulate the lesion site. This will only contribute to the early spread of the poison.
6. Do not cover the wound with ice for a long time.
7. Do not expose the person to physical activity.

What not to do when bitten by a poisonous snake

• The imposition of harnesses is prohibited. This is explained by the fact that a sudden violation of blood circulation can provoke tissue damage and increase the intoxication of the human body;
• do not cut the wound to remove the poison. There is a possibility of a secondary infection, penetration of poison into the vessels circulatory system... Deep incisions can cause damage to blood vessels and nerves that are responsible for the vital activity of the body;
• do not cauterize bites;
• do not allow the victim to consume beverages containing alcohol.

Treatment

Treatment snake bites it is not easy to provide timely first aid to the victim and subsequent manipulations in the hospital, after passing all the necessary tests ( general analysis blood, urine, etc.). The necessary effect in the treatment of poisonous snake bites can be achieved by introducing antitoxic serum, the main component of which is horse saliva. The initial dose of antivenom for a bite depends on the extent of the injury. However, it should be borne in mind that this remedy can provoke allergies. The introduction of antivenom is carried out under the strict supervision of doctors, observation in a hospital for at least 12 hours.

For example, the anti-liquid serum effectively neutralizes the venom of the viper and some other types of poisonous snakes.

Preventive measures to prevent snake bites

Prevention, which allows you to protect yourself as much as possible from snake bites, includes a number of actions:

• do not yell at the snake, do not stomp, do not wave your hands. By doing this, you can only provoke her to attack. Let her crawl away;
• while walking in the forest and swampy areas, avoid visiting places with dense vegetation;
• Cover the body as much as possible: high bootlegs and dense fabric of clothing will create maximum protection;
• while moving through the forest, tap in front of you with a stick. When collecting small berries from bushes, slide a stick over it and, if after a few minutes there is no noticeable movement, proceed to collecting;
• staying in nature with an overnight stay, carefully check tents and sleeping bags for the presence of unwanted guests before going to bed. Close the entrance to the tent carefully.

If the measures did not help and the snake attacked you, provide first aid, taking into account the requirements of what should not be done when a snake bites.

Consequences for humans

Poisons, according to the type of impact on the human body, can be divided into two main groups: hemotoxic, neurotoxic. Their effect on capillary endothelial cells provokes sweating of plasma and erythrocytes.

The consequences of snake bites will be complicated by the occurrence of a secondary infection or squeeze syndrome, and preventive medical interventions can cause significant harm, due to the possibility of development allergic reactions on the components of the whey.

Clinical consequences range from mild local reactions to life threatening. The risk of developing complications from a snake bite and the degree of their severity depends on:

• the type and size of the individual;
• place of damage;
• the amount of toxin penetrated;
• age, weight and health status of a person.

The most likely development of death is a snakebite in children. This is due to high degree intoxication, since the poison spreads faster in the child's body.

Systemic reactions of the body are manifested in the form:

• disorders of hemostasis;
• acute renal failure;
• neurotoxic lesion with local numbness;
• pain, swelling;
• paralysis of the cranial nerves;
• violation of cardiac activity;
• respiratory arrest;
• in a state of shock.