Distances from building structures of heating networks or pipeline insulation shells during channelless laying to buildings, structures and engineering networks. Minimum clear distance between pipelines and building structures Distance between

The horizontal distances (in the light) between adjacent engineering underground networks when placed in parallel should be taken:

according to table 5.13;

Not less than 0.5 m at the inputs of engineering networks in the buildings of rural settlements.

If the difference in the depth of the adjacent pipelines is more than 0.4 m, the distances indicated in Table 5.13 should be increased taking into account the steepness of the slopes of the trenches, but not less than the depth of the trench to the bottom of the embankment and the edge of the excavation.

The distances indicated in Tables 5.12 and 5.13 may be reduced:

when performing the appropriate technical measures to ensure safety and reliability requirements;

Laying underground gas pipelines with a pressure of up to 0.6 MPa in cramped conditions (when it is not possible to fulfill the distances regulated by regulatory documents) on separate sections of the route, between buildings and under the arches of buildings;

The laying of gas pipelines with a pressure of more than 0.6 MPa when they are brought together with detached ancillary buildings (buildings without the constant presence of people) - up to 50%.

1. When engineering networks intersect each other, the vertical distance (in the light) should be taken, not less than:

1) when laying a cable line parallel to a high-voltage line (OHL) with a voltage of 110 kV and above from the cable to the end wire - 10 m;

2) between pipelines or electric cables, communication cables and railway tracks, counting from the foot of the rail, or roads, counting from the top of the coating to the top of the pipe (or its case) or electric cable - according to the calculation of the strength of the network, but not less than 0.6 m ;

3) between pipelines and electric cables placed in canals or tunnels, and railways, counting from the top of the overlap of channels or tunnels to the foot of the railroad rails - 1 m, to the bottom of the ditch or other drainage structures or the base of the embankment of the railway roadbed - 0, 5 m;

4) between pipelines and power cables up to 35 kV and communication cables - 0.5 m;

5) between pipelines and power cables with a voltage of 110-220 kV - 1 m;

6) between pipelines and communication cables when laying in collectors - 0.1 m, while communication cables should be located above the pipelines;

7) between communication cables and power cables with parallel laying in collectors - 0.2 m, while the communication cables should be located below the power cables.

Under reconstruction conditions:

the distance from cable lines to underground parts and grounding conductors of individual supports of overhead lines with a voltage higher than 1000 V is allowed to be taken at least
2 m, while the horizontal distances (in the light) to the extreme wire of the overhead line are not standardized;

Subject to the requirements of the PUE, the distance between cables of all voltages and pipelines may be reduced to 0.25 m.

Table 5.12

Network engineering	Distance, m, horizontally (in the light) from underground networks
	to the foundations of buildings and structures	to the foundations of fences of enterprises, overpasses, overhead and communication supports, railways	to the axis of the extreme path		to the side stone of the street, road (edge ​​of the carriageway, fortified shoulder strip)	to the outer edge of the cuvette or the soles of the road embankment	to the foundations of the supports of overhead power transmission lines with voltage
			railways with a track gauge of 1520 mm, but not less than the depth of trenches to the bottom of the embankment and the edge of the cut	railways gauge 750 mm			up to 1 kV outdoor lighting, trolleybus overhead	St. 1 to 35 kV	St. 35 to 110 kV and above
Water supply and pressure sewerage	5	3	4	2,8	2	1	1	2	3
Gravity sewerage (household and rainwater)	3	1,5	4	2,8	1,5	1	1	2	3
Drainage	3	1	4	2,8	1,5	1	1	2	3
Associated drainage	0,4	0,4	0,4	0	0,4
Combustible gas pipelines pressure, MPa;
low to 0.005	2	1	3,8	2,8	1,5	1	1	5	10
middle over 0.005 to 0.3	4	1	4,8	2,8	1,5	1	1	5	10
high:
over 0.3 to 0.6	7	1	7,8	3,8	2,5	1	1	5	10
over 0.6 to 1.2	10	1	10,8	3,8	2,5	2	1	5	10
Heating network:
from the outer wall of the channel, tunnel	2	1,5	4	2,8	1,5	1	1	2	3
from the shell of the channelless laying	5*	1,5	4	2,8	1,5	1	1	2	3
Power cables of all voltages and communication cables	0,6	0,5	3,2	2,8	1,5	1	0,5*	5*	10*
Channels, communication tunnels	2	1,5	4	2,8	1,5	1	1	2	3*
External pneumatic waste chutes	2	1	3,8	2,8	1,5	1	1	3	5

* Refers only to distances from power cables.
It is allowed to provide for the laying of underground engineering networks within the foundations of supports and overpasses of pipelines, a contact network, provided that measures are taken to exclude the possibility of damage to networks in the event of settlement of foundations, as well as damage to foundations in an accident on these networks. When placing engineering networks to be laid with the use of construction dewatering, their distance to buildings and structures should be set taking into account the zone of possible violation of the strength of the foundation soils.

Distances from heating networks with channelless laying to buildings and structures should be taken in accordance with SNiP 41-02-2003 "Heating networks".

Distances from power cables with a voltage of 110-220 kV to the foundations of fences of enterprises, overpasses, overhead supports and communication lines should be taken as 1.5 m.

In irrigated areas with non-subsiding soils, the distance from underground engineering networks to irrigation canals should be taken (to the edge
channels), m:

1 - from a gas pipeline of low and medium pressure, as well as from water pipelines, sewerage, drains and pipelines of flammable liquids;

2 - from high-pressure gas pipelines up to 0.6 MPa, heat pipelines, utility and rainwater drainage systems;

1.5 - from power cables and communication cables.

Table 5.13

Network engineering	Distance, m, horizontally (in the light)
	up to-to-to-pro-water	before the ca-nalization of the household	before dre-naz and doge-maiden canalization	to gas pipelines pressure, MPa (kgf / well m)				to ka-be-lei si-lo-s all nap-rya-niy	to ka-be-lei connect	to heating networks		to ka-na-lov, then-nne-lei	to the outside stump-vmo-moo-so-ro-pro-vo-dov
				bottom up to 0.005	middle St. 0.005 to 0.3	high				outdoor ste-nka ka-nala, ton-nela	casing channelless pro-glue
						St. 0.3 up to 0.6	St. 0.6 up to 1.2
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14
Water pipes	1,5	*	1,5	1	1	1,5	2	1*	0,5	1,5	1,5	1,5	1
Household canalization	*	0,4	0,4	1	1,5	2	5	1*	0,5	1	1	1	1
Rain channelization	1,5	0,4	0,4	1	1,5	2	5	1*	0,5	1	1	1	1
Gas pressure lines, MPa:
low to 0.005	1	1	1	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	1	1	2	1	2	1
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13
average over 0.005 up to 0.3	1	1,5	1,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	1	1	2	1	2	1,5
high
over 0.3 to 0.6	1,5	2	2	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	1	1	2	1,5	2	2
over 0.6 to 1.2	2	5	5	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5	2	1	4	2	4	2
Power cables of all voltages	1*	1*	1*	1	1	1	2	0,1-0,5	0,5	2	2	2	1,5
Communication cables	0,5	0,5	0,5	1	1	1	1	0,5		1	1	1	1
Heating network:
from the outer wall of the channel, tunnel	1,5	1	1	2	2	2	4	2	1			2	1
from shell-free gasket	1,5	1	1	1	1	1,5	2	2	1			2	1
Channels, tunnels	1,5	1	1	2	2	2	4	2	1	2	2		1
External pneumatic-garbage-wires	1	1	1	1	1,5	2	2	1,5	1	1	1	1

* It is allowed to reduce the indicated distances to 0.5 m, subject to the requirements of section 2.3 of the PUE.
The distance from the domestic sewage system to the drinking water supply system should be taken, m:

a) to the water supply from reinforced concrete and asbestos-cement pipes - 5;

B) to the water supply from cast iron pipes with a diameter:

Up to 200 mm - 1.5;

Over 200 mm - 3;

B) before the water supply from plastic pipes - 1.5.

The distance between the sewerage and industrial water supply networks, depending on the material and diameter of the pipes, as well as on the nomenclature and characteristics of soils, should be 1.5 m.

With parallel laying of gas pipelines for pipes with a diameter of up to 300 mm, the distance between them (in the light) is allowed to be 0.4 m and more than 300 mm - 0.5 m when two or more gas pipelines are jointly placed in one trench.

Table 5.13 shows the distances to steel gas pipelines. The placement of gas pipelines from non-metallic pipes should be provided in accordance with SNiP 42-01-2002 "Gas distribution systems".

For special soils, the distance should be adjusted in accordance with SNiP 41-02-2003 "Heating networks", SNiP 2.04.02-84 * "Water supply. External networks and facilities ", SNiP 2.04.03-85 *" Sewerage. External networks and facilities ":

1) between pipelines for various purposes (with the exception of sewer pipelines that cross water pipelines and pipelines for poisonous and foul-smelling liquids) - 0.2 m;

2) pipelines transporting potable water should be placed above sewer or pipelines transporting poisonous and foul-smelling liquids, by 0.4 m;

3) it is allowed to place steel pipelines enclosed in cases transporting drinking water below the sewer, while the distance from the walls of the sewer pipes to the edge of the case must be at least 5 m in each direction in clay soils and 10 m in coarse and sandy soils , and sewer pipelines should be made of cast iron pipes;

4) the inlets of the household drinking water supply with a pipe diameter of up to 150 mm may be provided below the sewer without a case, if the distance between the walls of intersecting pipes is 0.5 m;

5) for channelless laying of pipelines of water heating networks of an open heat supply system or hot water supply networks, the distance from these pipelines to the sewer pipelines located below and above should be taken as 0.4 m;

6) when crossing channels or tunnels for various purposes, gas pipelines should be placed above or below these structures at a distance of at least 0.2 m in cases extending 2 m to both sides from the outer walls of the channels or tunnels. It is allowed to lay underground gas pipelines in a case with a pressure of up to 0.6 MPa through tunnels for various purposes.

3.75. The distances between trees and shrubs during an ordinary planting should be taken at least as indicated in table. eight.

Table 8

Planting characteristics	Minimum distances between trees and shrubs in the axes, m
Light-loving trees
Shade-tolerant trees
Shrubs up to 1 m
The same, up to 2 m
The same, more than 2 m

3.76. Distances between the border of tree plantations and cooling ponds and spray pools, counting from the coastal edge, should be at least 40 m.

3.77. The main element of landscaping the sites of industrial enterprises should include a lawn.

3.78. On the territory of the enterprise, there should be provided well-equipped areas for rest and gymnastic exercises for workers.

The sites should be located on the windward side in relation to buildings with industries that emit harmful emissions into the atmosphere.

The size of the sites should be taken at the rate of no more than 1 square meter per employee in the most numerous shift.

3.79. For enterprises with industries that emit aerosols, decorative ponds, fountains, rainwater installations should not be provided that contribute to an increase in the concentration of harmful substances at the sites of enterprises.

3.80. Along the main and industrial roads, sidewalks should be provided in all cases, regardless of the intensity of pedestrian traffic, and along the driveways and entrances - with a traffic intensity of at least 100 people. per shift.

3.81. Sidewalks on the site of an enterprise or the territory of an industrial hub should be located no closer than 3.75 m from the nearest normal gauge railway track. Reducing this distance (but not less than the dimensions of the approach of buildings) is allowed when arranging handrails that enclose the sidewalk.

The distance from the axis of the railway track, along which the transportation of hot goods is carried out, to the sidewalks must be at least 5 m.

Sidewalks along buildings should be placed:

a) with an organized drainage of water from the roofs of buildings - close to the building line with an increase in the width of the sidewalk by 0.5 m in this case (against that provided for by the norms of clause 3. 82);

b) in case of unorganized drainage of water from the roofs - at least 1.5 m from the building line.

3.82 *. The width of the sidewalk should be taken as a multiple of a traffic lane with a width of 0.75 m. The number of traffic lanes on the sidewalk should be set depending on the number of workers employed in the most numerous shift in the building (or in a group of buildings) to which the sidewalk leads, at the rate of 750 people. per shift per lane. The minimum sidewalk width must be at least 1.5 m.

If the intensity of pedestrian traffic is less than 100 people-hours in both directions, sidewalks with a width of 1 m are allowed, and when disabled people using wheelchairs move along them, a width of 1.2 m is allowed.

The slopes of the sidewalks intended for the possible passage of disabled people using wheelchairs should not exceed: longitudinal - 5%, transverse - 1% At the intersection of such sidewalks with the carriageway of the enterprise's roads, the height of the side stone should not exceed 4 cm.

3.83. When placing sidewalks next to or on a common subgrade with a motor road, they must be separated from the road by a dividing strip with a width of at least 0.8 m. The location of sidewalks close to the carriageway of the motor road is allowed only under conditions of enterprise reconstruction. When the sidewalk is adjacent to the carriageway, the sidewalk must be at the level of the top of the curbstone, but not less than 15 cm above the carriageway.

Note. For the Northern construction and climatic zone, sidewalks and

bike paths along highways should be designed for

common ground bed with it, separating them from the carriageway with a lawn of at least

1 m, without installing a side stone, but with a through fence

between the lawn and the sidewalk.

3.84. When reconstructing enterprises located in crowded areas, it is allowed, with appropriate justification, to increase the width of highways due to landscaping strips separating them from sidewalks, and in their absence, due to sidewalks with the transfer of the latter.

3.85 *. At the sites of enterprises and territories of industrial centers, the intersection of pedestrian traffic with railway tracks in places of mass passage of workers, as a rule, is not allowed. When justifying the need for the arrangement of these intersections, the crossings at one level should be equipped with traffic lights and sound alarms, as well as ensure visibility not less than that provided for in the SNiP chapter on the design of highways.

Crossings at different levels (mainly in tunnels) should be provided in the following cases: crossing station tracks, including exhaust tracks; transportation along the routes of liquid metals and slag; production of shunting work on the crossed paths and the impossibility of stopping it during the mass passage of people; sludge on the tracks of wagons, heavy traffic (more than 50 feeds per day in both directions).

When disabled people using wheelchairs move around the territory of the enterprise, pedestrian tunnels must be equipped with ramps.

The intersections of highways with pedestrian paths should be designed in accordance with the chapter of SNiP on the planning and development of cities, towns and rural settlements.

3.86. Fencing of sites of enterprises should be provided in accordance with the "Guidelines for the design of fences for sites and sites of enterprises, buildings and structures."

4. PLACEMENT OF ENGINEERING NETWORKS

4.1. For enterprises and industrial hubs, a single system of engineering networks should be designed, located in technical zones, ensuring the occupation of the smallest areas of the territory and linking with buildings and structures.

4.2 *. At the sites of industrial enterprises, predominantly ground and above-ground methods of placing engineering networks should be provided.

In the pre-plant zones of enterprises and public centers of industrial centers, underground placement of engineering networks should be provided.

4.3. For networks of various purposes, it should, as a rule, provide for joint placement in common trenches, tunnels, canals, on low supports, sleepers or on ramps in compliance with the relevant sanitary and fire safety standards and safety rules for the operation of networks.

Joint underground placement of pipelines for circulating water supply, heating networks and gas pipelines with technological pipelines is allowed, regardless of the parameters of the coolant and the parameters of the environment in the technological pipelines.

4.4. When designing engineering networks at the sites of enterprises located in special natural and climatic conditions, the requirements provided for by the chapters of SNiP for the design of water supply, sewerage, gas supply and heating networks should also be fulfilled.

4.5. The placement of external networks with flammable and combustible liquids and gases under buildings and structures is not allowed.

4.6. The choice of the method for placing power cable lines should be provided in accordance with the requirements of the "Rules for the Installation of Electrical Installations" (PUE), approved by the USSR Ministry of Energy.

4.7. When placing heating networks, the intersection of production and auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises is allowed.

UNDERGROUND NETWORKS

4.8. Underground networks, as a rule, should be laid outside the carriageway of highways.

On the territory of the reconstructed enterprises, it is allowed to place underground networks under highways.

Notes: 1. Ventilation shafts, entrances and other devices of ducts and

tunnels should be located outside the carriageway and in places free from

development.

2. With channelless laying, it is allowed to place networks within

4.9. In the Northern construction and climatic zone, engineering networks, as a rule, should be laid together in tunnels and canals, preventing a change in the temperature regime of the soils of the foundations of the nearest buildings and structures.

Note. Plumbing, sewerage and drainage networks should be placed

in the zone of temperature influence of heating networks.

4.10. In canals and tunnels, it is allowed to place gas pipelines of combustible gases (natural, associated oil, artificial mixed and liquefied hydrocarbon gases) with a gas pressure of up to 0.6 MPa (6 kgf / sq.cm) together with other pipelines and communication cables, provided that ventilation and lighting are installed in canals and tunnels in accordance with sanitary standards.

Joint placement in the channel and tunnel is not allowed: gas pipelines of combustible gases with power and lighting cables, with the exception of cables for lighting the channel or tunnel itself; pipelines of heating networks with liquefied gas pipelines, oxygen pipelines, nitrogen pipelines, cold pipelines, pipelines with flammable, volatile, chemically caustic and toxic substances and with domestic sewage drains; pipelines of flammable and combustible liquids with power cables and communication cables, with networks of fire-fighting water supply and gravity sewerage; oxygen pipelines with gas pipelines of combustible gases, flammable and combustible liquids with pipelines of poisonous liquids and with power cables.

Notes: 1. Co-placement in common channels and

tunnels of pipelines of flammable and combustible liquids with pressure

sets of water supply (except for fire) and pressure sewerage.

2. Channels and tunnels designed to accommodate pipelines with fire,

explosive and toxic materials (liquids), must have exits to

less often than 60 m and at its ends.

4.11 *. Underground engineering networks should be placed in parallel in a common trench; at the same time, the distances between engineering networks, as well as from these networks to the foundations of buildings and structures, should be taken as the minimum permissible based on the size and location of chambers, wells and other devices on these networks, the conditions for installation and repair of networks.

Horizontal distances (in the light) from the nearest underground engineering networks, with the exception of gas pipelines of combustible gases, to buildings and structures should be taken no more than those indicated in Table. 9. The distances from gas pipelines of combustible gases to buildings and structures indicated in this table are minimal.

Distances horizontally (in the light) between adjacent underground engineering networks when they are placed in parallel should be taken no more than those indicated in Table. 10.

4.12. When laying a cable line parallel to a high-voltage line (OHL) with a voltage of 110 kV and above, the horizontal distance (in the light) from the cable to the outermost wire must be at least 10 m.

In conditions of reconstruction of enterprises, the distance from cable lines to underground parts and ground electrodes of individual supports of overhead lines with a voltage above 1000 V is allowed to be at least 2 m, while the horizontal distance (in the light) to the extreme wire of the overhead line is not standardized.

4.13 *. When crossing engineering networks, the vertical distance (in the light) must be at least:

a) between pipelines or electric cables, communication cables and railway and tramways, counting from the foot of the rail, or roads, counting from the top of the coating to the top of the pipe (or its case) or electric cable, according to the calculation for the strength of the network, but not less than 0 , 6 m;

b) between pipelines and electric cables placed in canals or tunnels and railways, the vertical distance, counting from the top of the overlap of canals or tunnels to the foot of the railroad rails, is 1 m, to the bottom of a ditch or other drainage structures or the base of an embankment of a railway earthen canvases - 0.5 m;

c) between pipelines and power cables up to 35 kV and communication cables - 0.5 m;

d) between 110 - 220 kV power cables and pipelines - 1 m;

e) in conditions of reconstruction of enterprises, subject to compliance with the requirements of the PUE, the distance between cables of all voltages and pipelines is allowed to be reduced to 0.25 m;

f) between pipelines for various purposes (with the exception of sewer pipelines that cross water pipelines and pipelines for poisonous and foul-smelling liquids) - 0.2 m;

g) pipelines transporting potable water should be placed above sewer or pipelines transporting poisonous and foul-smelling liquids, by 0.4 m;

h) it is allowed to place steel pipelines enclosed in cases transporting drinking water below the sewer, while the distance from the walls of the sewer pipes to the edge of the case must be at least 5 m in each direction in clay soils and 10 m in coarse and sandy soils , and sewer pipelines should be made of cast iron pipes;

i) the inlets of the household drinking water supply with a pipe diameter of up to 150 mm may be provided below the sewer without a case, if the distance between the walls of intersecting pipes is 0.5 m;

j) for channelless laying of pipelines of water heating networks of an open heat supply system or hot water supply networks, the distance from these pipelines to the sewer pipelines located below and above should be taken as 0.4 m.

4.14. When placing engineering networks vertically on the sites of industrial enterprises and territories of industrial centers, the norms of the chapters of SNiP on the design of water supply, sewerage, gas supply, heating networks, structures of industrial enterprises, PUE should be observed.

4.15. When crossing channels or tunnels for various purposes, gas pipelines should be placed above or below these structures in cases extending 2 m on both sides of the outer walls of channels or tunnels. It is allowed to lay underground gas pipelines in a case with a pressure of up to 0.6 MPa (6 kgf / sq.cm) through tunnels for various purposes.

Table 9

Horizontal distance (clear), m, from underground networks to

building foundations

foundations of the fencing of the supports,

railroad track axes

tram axles

highways

foundations of overhead power transmission line supports

Network engineering

and structures

galleries, overpasses pipelines, contact network and communication

track 1520 mm, but not less than the depth of the trench to the bottom of the embankment and excavation

side stone, roadway edges, reinforced Noah roadside lane

the outer edge of the ditch or the bottom of the embankment

up to 1 kV and outdoor lighting

St. 1 to 35 kV

1. Water supply and pressure sewerage

2. Gravity sewerage and gutters

3. Drainages

4. Gas pipelines of combustible gases a) low pressure up to 0.005 MPa (0.05 kgf / sq.cm)

b) the average pressure of St. 0.005 (0.05) to 0.3 MPa (3 kgf / sq. Cm)

c) high pressure sv 0.3 (3) to 0.6 MPa (6 kgf / sq. cm)

d) high pressure over 0.6 (6) up to 1.2 MPa (12 kgf / sq. cm)

5. Heating networks (from the outer wall of the channel, tunnel or shell of channelless laying)

2 (see note 4)

6. Power cables of all voltages and communication cables

7. Channels, tunnels

* Refers only to distances from power cables. Distance from communication cables should be taken according to special standards approved by the USSR Ministry of Communications.

Notes *: Notes 1 and 2 are excluded. 3. In the Northern construction and climatic zone, the distance from the networks according to pos. 1, 2, 3 and 5 during construction with the preservation of the permafrost state of the base soils should be taken according to the thermal engineering calculation, during construction, when the base soils are used in a thawed state, according to table. nine. 4. The distance from heating networks with channelless laying to buildings and structures should be taken as for a water supply system. 5. It is allowed to provide for the laying of underground engineering networks, with the exception of fire-fighting water supply networks and gas pipelines of combustible and toxic gases, within the foundations of supports and overpasses of pipelines, galleries, contact networks, provided that measures are taken to exclude the possibility of damage to networks in the event of foundation settlement, as well as damage foundations in case of an accident on these networks.

Table 10

Horizontal distance (clear), m, between

combustible gas pipelines

heat networks

Network engineering

sewerage

drainage or gutters

low pressure up to 0.005 MPa (0.05 kgf / sq.cm)

medium pressure of St. 0.005 (0.05) to (3 kgf / sq. Cm)

high pressure St. 0.3 (3) to 0.6 MPa (6 kgf / sq. cm)

high pressure sv 0.6 (6) up to 1.2 MPa 12 kgf / sq. cm)

power cables of all voltages

communication cables

outer wall of a channel, tunnel

shell bezel cash gasket

lami, tons

1. Plumbing

(see note 2)

2. Sewerage

(see note 2)

3. Drainage and drainage

4. Gas pipelines of combustible gases: a) low pressure up to 0.005 MPa (0.05 kgf / sq.cm)

(see note 3)

b) medium pressure sv 0.005 (0.05) up to 0.3 MPa (3 kgf / sq. Cm)

(see note 3)

c) high pressure of St. 0.3 (3) up to 0.6 MPa (6 kgf / sq. Cm)

(see note 3)

d) high pressure over 0.6 (6.0) up to 1.2 MPa (12 kgf / sq. cm)

(see note 3)

5. Power cables of all voltages

6. Communication cables

7. Heating networks: a) the outer wall of the channel, tunnel

b) shell of channelless laying

8. Channels, tunnels

* In accordance with the requirements of the PUE. Notes: * Note 1 is excluded. 2. Distances from the sewerage system to the drinking water supply system should be taken: to the water supply system made of reinforced concrete and asbestos-cement pipes laid in clay soils - 5 m, in coarse and sandy soils - 10 m; to a water supply system made of cast iron pipes with a diameter of up to 200 mm - 1.5 m, with a diameter of more than 200 mm - 3 m; to a water supply system made of plastic pipes - 1.5 m. The distance between the sewerage networks and the industrial water supply system, regardless of the material and diameter of the pipes, as well as the nomenclature and characteristics of the soils, must be at least 1.5 m. 3. When two or more gas pipelines of combustible gases are placed together in one trench, the clear distances between them should be for pipes with a diameter of: up to 300 mm - 0.4 m, more than 300 mm - 0.5 m. 4. The table shows distances to steel pipelines. The placement of underground gas pipelines from non-metallic pipes should be provided in accordance with the SNiP chapter on the design of internal and external gas supply devices. Notes 5 to 9 are deleted.

4.16. Crossings of pipelines with railway and tram tracks, as well as with highways should be provided, as a rule, at an angle of 90 degrees. In some cases, with appropriate justification, it is allowed to reduce the angle of intersection to 45 °.

The distance from gas pipelines and heating networks to the beginning of the wits, the tail of the crosses and the points of connection to the rails, suction cables should be taken at least 3 m for tram tracks and 10 m for railways.

4.17. The intersection of cable lines laid directly in the ground with the tracks of electrified rail transport should be provided at an angle of 75 - 90 ° to the axis of the track. The intersection should be at a distance of at least 10 m for railways and at least 3 m for tramways from the beginning of the wits, the tail of the crosses and the points of connection to the rails of the suction cables.

In case of transition of a cable line into an overhead cable, it must come out to the surface at a distance of at least 3.5 m from the foot of the embankment or from the edge of the railway or road bed.

GROUND NETWORKS

4.18. When placing networks on the ground, it is necessary to provide for their protection from mechanical damage and adverse atmospheric effects.

Ground nets should be placed on sleepers laid in open trays, at elevations below the planning marks of the sites (territory). Other types of ground placement of networks are allowed (in canals and tunnels laid on the surface of the territory or on a continuous bed, in canals and semi-buried tunnels, in open trenches, etc.)

4.19. Pipelines for flammable gases, toxic products, pipelines through which acids and alkalis are transported, as well as domestic sewage pipelines are not allowed to be placed in open trenches and trays.

4.20. Ground networks are not allowed to be placed within the strip allocated for laying underground networks in trenches and canals that require periodic access to them during operation.

OVERGROUND NETWORKS

4.21. Overhead engineering networks should be placed on supports, overpasses, in galleries or on the walls of buildings and structures.

4.22. The intersection of cable racks and galleries with overhead power lines, in-plant railways and highways, cable cars, overhead communication and radio communication lines and pipelines should be performed at an angle of at least 30 °.

4.23 *. The placement of overhead networks is not allowed:

a) transit on-site pipelines with flammable and combustible liquids and gases along ramps, stand-alone columns and supports made of combustible materials, as well as along the walls and roofs of buildings, with the exception of buildings of I, II, IIIa degrees of fire resistance with production facilities of categories C, D and D;

b) pipelines with flammable liquid and gaseous products in galleries, if the mixing of products can cause an explosion or fire;

c) pipelines with flammable and combustible liquids and gases, along combustible coatings and walls;

on coatings and walls of buildings in which explosive materials are placed;

d) gas pipelines of combustible gases;

on the territory of warehouses of flammable and combustible liquids and materials.

Note. The onsite pipeline is in transit with respect to

those buildings, technological installations of which do not produce and do not consume

liquids and gases transported through the specified pipelines.

4.24. Aboveground pipelines for flammable and combustible liquids, laid on separate supports, ramps, etc., should be placed at a distance of at least 3 m from the walls of buildings with openings, from walls without openings, this distance can be reduced to 0.5 m.

4.25. Pressure pipelines with liquids and gases should be placed on low supports, as well as power cables and communications located:

a) in the technical strips of the sites of enterprises specially designated for these purposes;

b) on the territory of warehouses for liquid products and liquefied gases.

4.26. The height from the ground level to the bottom of pipes (or the surface of their insulation), laid on low supports in a free area outside the passage of vehicles and the passage of people, should be taken at least:

with a pipe group width of at least 1.5 m - 0.35 m;

with a group of pipes width of 1.5 m and more - 0.5 m.

The placement of pipelines with a diameter of 300 mm and less on low supports should be provided in two rows or more vertically, minimizing the width of the network route as much as possible.

4.27 *. The height from ground level to the bottom of pipes or the surface of insulation laid on high supports should be taken:

a) in the impassable part of the site (territory), in places where people pass - 2.2 m;

b) at intersections with highways (from the top of the roadway surface) - 5 m;

c) at the points of intersection with internal railway sidings and tracks of the general network - in accordance with GOST 9238-83;

d) excluded;

e) at intersections with tram tracks - 7.1 m from the rail head;

f) at the points of intersection with the trolleybus contact network (from the top of the carriageway surface) - 7.3 m;

g) at the intersection of pipelines with flammable and combustible liquids and gases with internal railway sidings for the transportation of molten iron or hot slag (up to the rail head) - 10 m; when installing thermal protection of pipelines - 6 m.

Minimum clear distances from pipelines to building structures and to adjacent pipelines

Nominal diameter of pipelines, mm	Distance from the surface of the heat-insulating structure of pipelines, mm, not less
up to the wall	before overlap	to the floor	to the surface of the thermal insulation structure of the adjacent pipeline
vertically	horizontally
25-80
100-250
300-350
500-700
1000 - 1400
Note - When reconstructing heat points using existing building structures, a deviation from the dimensions indicated in this table is allowed, but taking into account the requirements of clause 2.33.

table 2

Minimum width of aisles

Name of equipment and building structures between which passages are provided	Clear passage width, mm, not less
Between pumps with electric motors up to 1000 V	1,0
The same, 1000 V and more	1,2
Between the pumps and the wall	1,0
Between pumps and switchboard or instrumentation panel	2,0
Between protruding parts of equipment (water heaters, mud collectors, elevators, etc.) or protruding parts of equipment and the wall	0,8
From the floor or ceiling to the surface of the thermal insulation structures of pipelines	0,7
For servicing fittings and expansion joints (from the wall to the fitting flange or to the expansion joint) with pipe diameter, mm:
up to 500	0,6
from 600 to 900	0,7
When installing two pumps with electric motors on the same foundation without a passage between them, but with the provision of passages around the double installation	1,0

Table 3

The minimum clear distance between pipelines and building structures

Name	Clear distance, mm, not less
From protruding parts of fittings or equipment (taking into account the thermal insulation structure) to the wall
From protruding parts of pumps with electric motors up to 1000 V with a discharge pipe diameter of no more than 100 mm (when installed against a wall without a passage) to a wall
Between protruding parts of pumps and electric motors when installing two pumps with electric motors on the same foundation against a wall without a passage
From the valve flange on the branch to the surface of the thermal insulation structure of the main pipes
From the extended valve spindle (or handwheel) to the wall or ceiling at mm
The same, for mm
From the floor to the bottom of the insulating reinforcement structure
From wall or from valve flange to water or air outlet
From the floor or ceiling to the surface of the insulating structure of the branch pipes

APPENDIX 2

PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING THE DESIGNED THERMAL EFFICIENCY OF WATER HEATERS OF HEATING AND HOT WATER SUPPLY

1. The calculated thermal performance of water heaters, W, should be taken according to the calculated heat fluxes for heating, ventilation and hot water supply, given in the design documentation of buildings and structures. In the absence of design documentation, it is allowed to determine the design heat fluxes in accordance with the instructions of SNiP 2.04.07-86 * (for enlarged indicators).

2. The design thermal performance of water heaters for heating systems should be determined at the design outside air temperature for heating design, ° С, and taken according to the maximum heat fluxes determined in accordance with the instructions in clause 1. With independent connection of heating and ventilation systems through a common water heater, the calculated thermal performance of the water heater, W, is determined by the sum of the maximum heat fluxes for heating and ventilation:

.

3. The estimated thermal performance of water heaters, W, for hot water supply systems, taking into account heat losses by supply and circulation pipelines, W, should be determined at water temperatures at the break point of the water temperature graph in accordance with the instructions in clause 1, and in the absence of design documentation - according to heat fluxes determined by the following formulas:

For consumers - according to the average heat flow for hot water supply for the heating period, determined in accordance with clause 3.13, and SNiP 2.04.01-85, according to the formula or depending on the adopted heat supply in the tanks according to Appendix 7 and 8 of the specified chapter (or according to SNiP 2.04.07-86 * -);

For consumers - according to the maximum heat flows for hot water supply, determined according to clause 3.13, b SNiP 2.04.01-85, (or according to SNiP 2.04.07-86 * - ).

4. In the absence of data on the amount of heat loss by pipelines of hot water supply systems, heat flows for hot water supply, W, are allowed to be determined by the formulas:

in the presence of storage tanks

in the absence of storage tanks

where is the coefficient taking into account the heat loss by pipelines of hot water supply systems, taken according to table. one.

Table 1

In the absence of data on the number and characteristics of water-folding devices, the hourly consumption of hot water for residential areas may be determined by the formula

where is the coefficient of the hourly unevenness of water consumption, taken from Table 2.

Note - For hot water supply systems serving both residential and public buildings, the hourly unevenness coefficient should be taken as the sum of the number of residents in residential buildings and the conditional number of residents in public buildings, determined by the formula

where is the average water consumption for hot water supply during the heating period, kg / h, for public buildings, determined according to SNiP 2.04.01-85.

In the absence of data on the purpose of public buildings, it is allowed when determining the coefficient of hourly unevenness according to table. 2 conditionally, the number of inhabitants is taken with a coefficient of 1.2.

table 2

Continuation of table. 2

APPENDIX 3

PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING PARAMETERS FOR CALCULATING WATER HEATERS

1. Calculation of the heating surface of heating water heaters, sq. M, is carried out at the temperature of the water in the heating network corresponding to the design temperature of the outside air for the design of heating, and for the design capacity determined according to Appendix 2, according to the formula

2. The temperature of the heated water should be taken:

at the inlet to the water heater - equal to the water temperature in the return pipe of heating systems at the outside air temperature;

at the outlet of the water heater - equal to the water temperature in the supply pipe of heating networks behind the central heating station or in the supply pipeline of the heating system when installing a water heater in the ITP at the outside air temperature.

Note - With independent connection of heating and ventilation systems through a common water heater, the temperature of heated water in the return pipeline at the inlet to the water heater should be determined taking into account the water temperature after connecting the pipeline of the ventilation system. When the heat consumption for ventilation is not more than 15% of the total maximum hourly heat consumption for heating, it is allowed to take the temperature of the heated water in front of the water heater equal to the temperature of the water in the return pipe of the otolation system.

3. The temperature of the heating water should be taken:

at the inlet to the water heater - equal to the temperature of the water in the supply pipe of the heating network at the inlet to the heat point at the outside air temperature;

at the outlet of the water heater - 5-10 ° C higher than the temperature of the water in the return pipe of the heating system at the design temperature of the outside air.

4. Estimated water consumption and, kg / h, for calculating water heaters for heating systems should be determined by the formulas:

heating water

heated water

With independent connection of heating and ventilation systems through a common water heater, the calculated water flow rates and, kg / h, should be determined by the formulas:

heating water

heated water

where, respectively, are the maximum heat fluxes for heating and ventilation, W.

5. The temperature head, ° С, of the heating water heater is determined by the formula

APPENDIX 4

PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING PARAMETERS FOR CALCULATING HOT WATER HEATERS CONNECTED IN A SINGLE-STAGE CIRCUIT

1. The calculation of the heating surface of hot water heaters should be made (see Fig. 1) at the water temperature in the supply pipeline of the heating network corresponding to the break point of the water temperature graph, or at the minimum water temperature, if there is no break in the temperature graph, and according to the design capacity, determined according to Appendix 2

where is determined in the presence of accumulator tanks according to the formula (1) of Appendix 2, and in the absence of accumulator tanks - according to the formula (2) of Appendix 2.

2. The temperature of the heated water should be taken: at the inlet to the water heater - equal to 5 ° C, if there are no operational data; at the outlet of the water heater - equal to 60 ° С, and with vacuum deaeration - 65 ° С.

3. The temperature of the heating water should be taken: at the inlet to the water heater - equal to the temperature of the water in the supply pipeline of the heating network at the inlet to the heat point at the outside air temperature at the break point of the water temperature graph; at the outlet of the water heater - equal to 30 ° С.

4. Estimated water consumption and, kg / h, for calculating a hot water heater should be determined by the formulas:

heating water

heated water

5. The temperature head of the hot water heater is determined by the formula

6. The heat transfer coefficient, depending on the design of the water heater, should be determined according to Appendix 7-9.

APPENDIX 5

PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING PARAMETERS FOR CALCULATING HOT WATER HEATERS CONNECTED IN A TWO-STAGE CIRCUIT

The method for calculating hot water heaters connected to the heating network according to a two-stage scheme (see Fig. 2-4) with a limitation of the maximum flow of network water at the input, used so far, is based on an indirect method, according to which the thermal performance of the first stage of water heaters is determined by the balance the load of hot water supply, and stage II - according to the difference in loads between the calculated and the load of the first stage. In this case, the principle of continuity is not observed: the temperature of the heated water at the outlet of the first stage water heater does not coincide with the temperature of the same water at the inlet to the second stage, which makes it difficult to use it for machine counting.

The new calculation method is more logical for a two-stage scheme with a limitation of the maximum flow of network water at the input. It is based on the position that at the hour of maximum draw-off at the outside air temperature calculated for the selection of water heaters corresponding to the break point of the central temperature graph, it is possible to interrupt the supply of heat for heating, and all the network water goes to the hot water supply. To select the required standard size and number of shell-and-tube sections or the number of plates and the number of strokes of plate water heaters, the heating surface should be determined by the design capacity and temperatures of heating and heated water from the thermal calculation in accordance with the formulas below.

1. The calculation of the heating surface, sq. M, hot water heaters should be carried out at the water temperature in the supply pipe of the heating network corresponding to the break point of the water temperature graph, or at the minimum water temperature, if there is no break in the temperature graph, since in this mode there will be a minimum temperature difference and values ​​of the heat transfer coefficient, according to the formula

where is the calculated thermal performance of hot water heaters, determined according to Appendix 2;

Heat transfer coefficient, W / (m2 · ° С), is determined depending on the design of water heaters according to Appendix 7-9;

The mean logarithmic temperature difference between heating and heated water (temperature head), ° C, is determined by formula (18) of this appendix.

2. The distribution of the calculated thermal performance of water heaters between stages I and II is carried out on the basis that the heated water in stage II is heated to a temperature of = 60 ° С, and in stage I - to a temperature determined by a technical and economic calculation or taken at 5 ° С less than the temperature of the supply water in the return pipeline at the break point of the graph.

The estimated thermal performance of water heaters of stages I and II, W, is determined by the formulas:

3. The temperature of the heated water, ° С, after the first stage is determined by the formulas:

with dependent connection of the heating system

with independent connection of the heating system

4. The maximum flow rate of heated water, kg / h, passing through the I and II stages of the water heater, should be calculated based on the maximum heat flow for hot water supply, determined by formula 2 of Appendix 2, and water heating to 60 ° C in the II stage:

5. Heating water consumption, kg / h:

a) for heat points in the absence of a ventilation load, the heating water flow rate is assumed to be the same for the I and II stages of water heaters and is determined:

when regulating the supply of heat according to the combined load of heating and hot water supply - according to the maximum consumption of network water for hot water supply (formula (7)) or according to the maximum consumption of network water for heating (formula (8)):

The largest of the obtained values ​​is taken as the calculated one;

when regulating the supply of heat according to the heating load, the calculated consumption of heating water is determined by the formula

; (9)

. (10)

In this case, the temperature of the heating water at the outlet of the stage I water heater should be checked with the formula

. (11)

If the temperature determined by formula (11) is below 15 ° С, then it should be taken equal to 15 ° С, and the heating water consumption should be recalculated using the formula

b) for heating points in the presence of a ventilation load, the heating water consumption is taken:

for stage I

for stage II

. (14)

6. Heating water temperature, ° С, at the outlet of the stage II water heater:

7. Heating water temperature, ° С, at the inlet to the stage I water heater:

. (16)

8. Heating water temperature, ° С, at the outlet of the stage I water heater:

. (17)

9. Average logarithmic temperature difference between heating and heated water, ° С:

. (18)

APPENDIX 6

PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING PARAMETERS FOR CALCULATING HOT WATER HEATERS CONNECTED IN A TWO-STAGE CIRCUIT WITH STABILIZATION OF WATER FLOW FOR HEATING

1. The heating surface of water heaters (see Fig. 8) of hot water supply, m2, is determined at the water temperature in the supply pipe of the heating network corresponding to the break point of the water temperature graph, or at the minimum water temperature if there is no break in the temperature graph, since in this mode, there will be a minimum temperature difference and values ​​of the heat transfer coefficient, according to the formula

where is the estimated thermal performance of hot water heaters, W, is determined according to Appendix 2;

Average logarithmic temperature difference between heating and heated water, ° С, is determined according to Appendix 5;

Heat transfer coefficient, W / (m2 · ° С), is determined depending on the design of water heaters according to Appendix 7-9.

2. The heat flux to the II stage of the water heater, W, with a two-stage connection scheme for hot water heaters (according to Fig. 8), required only for calculating the heating water consumption, with a maximum heat flux for ventilation no more than 15% of the maximum heat flux for heating is determined by formulas:

in the absence of heated water storage tanks

; (2)

in the presence of heated water storage tanks

, (3)

where - heat losses of pipelines of hot water supply systems, W.

In the absence of data on the magnitude of heat losses by pipelines of hot water supply systems, the heat flow to the II stage of the water heater, W, can be determined by the formulas:

in the absence of heated water storage tanks

in the presence of heated water storage tanks

where is the coefficient taking into account the heat loss by pipelines of hot water supply systems, is taken according to Appendix 2.

3. The distribution of the estimated thermal performance of water heaters between stages I and II, the determination of the design temperatures and water flow rates for calculating water heaters should be taken according to the table.

Name of calculated values	Scope of the scheme (according to Fig. 8)
industrial buildings, a group of residential and public buildings with a maximum heat flow for ventilation more than 15% of the maximum heat flow for heating	residential and public buildings with a maximum heat flow for ventilation no more than 15% of the maximum heat flow for heating
I stage of a two-stage scheme
Estimated thermal performance of the first stage of the water heater
	, with vacuum deaeration + 5
The same, at the outlet of the water heater
	Without storage tanks
	With storage tanks
Heating water consumption, kg / h
II stage of a two-stage scheme
Estimated thermal performance of the II stage of the water heater
Heated water temperature, ° С, at the water heater inlet	With storage tanks Without storage tanks
The same, at the outlet of the water heater	= 60 ° C
Heating water temperature, ° С, at the water heater inlet
The same, at the outlet of the water heater
Heated water consumption, kg / h	Without storage tanks
Heating water consumption, kg / h	With storage tanks in the absence of circulation In the presence of circulation,	With storage tanks,
Notes: 1 In case of independent connection of heating systems, instead of should be taken; 2 The value of subcooling in stage I, ° С, is taken: with storage tanks = 5 ° С, in the absence of storage tanks = 10 ° С; 3 When determining the design flow rate of heating water for stage I of the water heater, water flow rate from ventilation systems is not taken into account; 4 The temperature of heated water at the outlet of the heater in the central heating station and in the central heating station should be taken equal to 60 ° С, and in the central heating station with vacuum deaeration - = 65 ° С; 5 The value of the heat flux for heating at the break point of the temperature graph is determined by the formula .

APPENDIX 7

THERMAL AND HYDRAULIC CALCULATION OF HORIZONTAL SECTIONAL SHELL-PIPE WATER-WATER HEATERS

Horizontal sectional high-speed water heaters in accordance with GOST 27590 with a pipe system of straight smooth or profiled pipes are distinguished by the fact that to eliminate the deflection of the pipes, two-section support partitions are installed, which are part of the tube sheet. This design of the support baffles facilitates the installation of tubes and their replacement in the field, since the holes of the support baffles are aligned with the holes in the tube sheets.

Each support is installed with an offset relative to each other by 60 ° C, which increases the turbulization of the coolant flow passing through the annular space, and leads to an increase in the heat transfer coefficient from the coolant to the tube wall, and, accordingly, the heat removal from 1 square meter of the heating surface increases. Brass tubes are used with an outer diameter of 16 mm, a wall thickness of 1 mm in accordance with GOST 21646 and GOST 494.

An even greater increase in the heat transfer coefficient is achieved by using profiled brass tubes instead of smooth brass tubes in the tube bundle, which are made from the same tubes by extruding transverse or helical grooves on them with a roller, which leads to turbulence of the near-wall fluid flow inside the tubes.

Water heaters consist of sections, which are interconnected by rolls along the pipe space and nozzles - along the annular space (Fig. 1-4 of this appendix). The branch pipes can be split on flanges or one-piece welded. Depending on the design, water heaters for hot water supply systems have the following symbols: for a detachable design with smooth tubes - РГ, with profiled ones - РП; for a welded structure - SG, SP, respectively (the direction of flows of heat exchanging media is given in clause 4.3 of this set of rules).

Fig. 1. General view of a horizontal sectional shell-and-tube water heater with turbulators

Fig. 2. Constructive dimensions of the water heater

1 - section; 2 - kalach; 3 - transition; 4 - block of supporting partitions; 5 - tubes; 6 - supporting partition; 7 - ring; 8 - bar;

Fig. 3. Kalach connecting

Fig. 4. Transition

An example of a conventional designation of a split-type water heater with an outer diameter of a section body of 219 mm, a section length of 4 m, without a thermal expansion compensator, for a nominal pressure of 1.0 MPa, with a pipe system of smooth tubes of five sections, climatic version UZ: PV 219 x 4 -1, O-RG-5-UZ GOST 27590.

The technical characteristics of water heaters are given in Table 1, and the nominal dimensions and connection dimensions are given in Table 2 of this Appendix.

Table 1

Technical characteristics of water heaters GOST 27590

Section body outer diameter, mm	The number of tubes in the section, pcs.	Cross-sectional area of ​​the annular space, sq. M	Cross-sectional area of ​​tubes, sq.m	Equivalent diameter of the interstring space, m	Heating surface of one Section, sq.m, with a length, m	Thermal performance, kW, section length, m	Weight, kg
Pipe system
smooth (version 1)	profiled (version 2)	section length, m	kalacha, execution	transition
		0,00116	0,00062	0,0129	0,37	0,75					23,5	37,0	8,6	7,9	5,5	3,8
		0,00233	0,00108	0,0164	0,65	1,32					32,5	52,4	10,9	10,4	6,8	4,7
		0,00327	0,00154	0,0172	0,93	1,88					40,0	64,2	13,2	12,0	8,2	5,4
		0,005	0,00293	0,0155	1,79	3,58					58,0	97,1	17,7	17,2	10,5	7,3
		0,0122	0,00570	0,019	3,49	6,98					113,0	193,8	32,8	32,8	17,4	13,4
		0,02139	0,00939	0,0224	5,75	11,51					173,0	301,3	54,3	52,7	26,0	19,3
		0,03077	0,01679	0,0191	10,28	20,56					262,0	461,7	81,4	90,4	35,0	26,6
		0,04464	0,02325	0,0208	14,24	28,49					338,0	594,4	97,3	113,0	43,0	34,5
Notes 1 The outer diameter of the tubes is 16 mm, the inner diameter is 14 mm. 2 Thermal performance is determined at a water velocity inside the tubes of 1 m / s, equal flow rates of heat exchanging media and a temperature head of 10 ° C (temperature difference in heating water 70-15 ° C, heated water - 5-60 ° C). 3 The hydraulic resistance in the tubes is no more than 0.004 MPa for a smooth tube and 0.008 MPa for a profiled tube with a section length of 2 m and, accordingly, no more than 0.006 MPa and 0.014 MPa for a section length of 4 m; in the annular space, the hydraulic resistance is 0.007 MPa with a section length of 2 m and 0.009 MPa with a section length of 4 m. 4 The mass is determined at an operating pressure of 1 MPa. 5 Thermal performance is given for comparison with heaters of other sizes or types.

7.20 *. Engineering networks should be placed mainly within the cross-sections of streets and roads; under sidewalks or dividing strips - utilities in collectors, canals or tunnels; in the dividing lines - heating networks, water supply, gas pipelines, utility and rain sewers.

On the strip between the red line and the building line, low pressure gas and cable networks (power, communications, signaling and dispatching) should be placed.

If the width of the carriageway is more than 22 m, it is necessary to provide for the placement of water supply networks on both sides of the streets.

7.21. When reconstructing carriageways of streets and roads with the installation of road capital pavements, under which underground engineering networks are located, it is necessary to provide for the removal of these networks to the dividing strips and under the sidewalks. With appropriate justification, it is allowed to preserve existing networks under the carriageways of streets, as well as to lay new networks in canals and tunnels. On existing streets that do not have dividing stripes, it is allowed to place new engineering networks under the carriageway, provided they are placed in tunnels or canals; if technically necessary, it is allowed to lay a gas pipeline under the carriageways of streets.

7.22 *. The laying of underground engineering networks should, as a rule, provide for: combined in common trenches; in tunnels - if it is necessary to simultaneously place heating networks with a diameter of 500 to 900 mm, a water supply system up to 500 mm, more than ten communication cables and ten power cables with a voltage of up to 10 kV, during the reconstruction of main streets and areas of historical development, with a lack of space in the cross-section of streets for placing networks in trenches, at intersections with main streets and railways. In the tunnels, it is also allowed to lay air ducts, pressure sewerage and other engineering networks. Joint laying of gas and pipelines transporting flammable and combustible liquids with cable lines is not allowed.

In areas where permafrost soils are spread, during the construction of engineering networks with the preservation of soils in a frozen state, it is necessary to provide for the placement of heat pipes in channels or tunnels, regardless of their diameter.

Notes *:

1. On building sites in difficult soil conditions (forest subsidence), it is necessary to provide for the laying of water-carrying engineering networks, as a rule, in walk-through tunnels. The type of soil subsidence should be taken in accordance with SNiP 2.01.01-82; SNiP 2.04-02-84; SNiP 2.04.03-85 and SNiP 2.04.07-86.

2. In residential areas in difficult planning conditions, it is allowed to lay ground heating networks with the permission of the local administration.

7.23 *. Horizontal distances (in the light) from the nearest underground engineering networks to buildings and structures should be taken according to Table 14. *

The horizontal distances (in the light) between adjacent engineering underground networks when they are placed in parallel should be taken according to Table 15, and at the inputs of engineering networks in buildings of rural settlements - not less than 0.5 m.When the difference in the depth of the adjacent pipelines is more than 0, The 4 m distances indicated in Table 15 should be increased taking into account the steepness of the slopes of the trenches, but not less than the depth of the trench to the bottom of the embankment and the edge of the excavation.

When engineering networks intersect each other, the vertical (clear) distances should be taken in accordance with the requirements of SNiP II-89-80.

The distances indicated in Tables 14 and 15 may be reduced if appropriate technical measures are taken to ensure safety and reliability requirements.

Table 14 *

Table 15

7.24. The intersection of subway structures by utility networks should be provided at an angle of 90 °; in conditions of reconstruction, it is allowed to reduce the intersection angle to 60 °. The intersection of engineering networks of metro station structures is not allowed.

At intersections, pipelines must slope to one side and be enclosed in protective structures (steel cases, monolithic concrete or reinforced concrete channels, collectors, tunnels). The distance from the outer surface of the lining of metro structures to the end of protective structures must be at least 10 m in each direction, and the vertical distance (in the light) between the lining or the foot of the rail (with ground lines) and the protective structure must be at least 1 m. under the tunnels is not allowed.

Transitions of engineering networks under underground metro lines should be provided taking into account the requirements of GOST 23961-80. In this case, the networks must be brought out at a distance of at least 3 m outside the boundaries of the fences of the underground metro sections.

Notes:

1. In the locations of the metro structures at a depth of 20 m or more (from the top of the structure to the surface of the earth), as well as in the locations between the top of the lining of the metro structures and the bottom of the protective structures of engineering networks of clay, non-fractured rocky or semi-rocky soils with a thickness of at least 6 m The stated requirements for the intersection of utility networks with metro structures are not imposed, and the device of protective structures is not required.

2. At the intersection of metro structures, pressure pipelines should be made of steel pipes with a device on both sides of the intersection of wells with outlets and installation of stop valves in them.

7.25 *. When crossing underground engineering networks with pedestrian crossings, it is necessary to provide for the laying of pipelines under the tunnels, and power and communication cables - above the tunnels.

7.26 *. The laying of pipelines with flammable and combustible liquids, as well as with liquefied gases for the supply of industrial enterprises and warehouses in the residential area is not allowed.

Trunk pipelines should be laid outside the territory of settlements in accordance with SNiP 2.05.06-85. For oil product pipelines laid on the territory of the settlement, SNiP 2.05.13-90 should be followed.

Distance "in the light"- 2.40. Clearance distance is the smallest distance between two outer surfaces. A source …

Distance between the inner faces of the structure supports (Bulgarian; Български) svetl otvor (Czech; Čeština) světlost (German; Deutsch) lichte Spannweite; Lichtweite (Hungarian; Magyar) szabad nyílás (Mongolian) ... ... Construction vocabulary

Clear staircase width- 3.7. The clear width of the ladder is the minimum distance between the inner surfaces of the ladder bowstrings. Source: NPB 171 98 *: Manual fire ladders. General technical requirements. Test methods 3.8 clear staircase width: Minimum ... ... Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

Clear width of floating dock- 21. Clear width of a floating dock Clear width Sun The smallest distance measured perpendicular to the diametrical plane of a floating dock between the protruding structures of its inner sides Source: GOST 14181 78: Floating docks. Terms, ... ... Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

span- The distance between the inner faces of the structure supports [Terminological dictionary for construction in 12 languages ​​(VNIIIS Gosstroy USSR)] Other topics for construction products EN clear span DE lichte SpannweiteLichtweite FR portee libre ... Technical translator's guide

clear height- 3.1.4 headroom e smallest vertical distance above the center line, free from all obstructions (such as rungs, risers, etc.) (see Figure 1) Source: GOST R ISO 14122 3 2009: Safety of machinery. Funds… … Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

The clear distance between the supports, measured at the calculated high water level minus the width of the intermediate supports (Bulgarian; Български) opening to the bridge (Czech; Čeština) světlé rozpětí mostu (German; Deutsch) ... ... Construction vocabulary