Small arms of the Russian Federation. The latest weapons of the Russian army: the best

Chukavina sniper rifle (microwave) / Photo: Press service of the Kalashnikov concern

For example, the Makarov pistol may soon be replaced by a compact Lebedev pistol of 9 x 19 mm caliber with a 14-round magazine. When uncharged, it weighs 720 grams. Thanks to the modular design of the pistol, the barrel and sights, and also install a flashlight, laser designator and muffler. According to the creator of the pistol, leading design engineer of the Kalashnikov concern Dmitry Lebedev, the new pistol proved to be a “good boy.”

The Ministry of Defense, the Russian National Guard and foreign customers are also showing interest in the newest semi-automatic sniper rifle Chukavina (SHF), which was created for three calibers: 7.62 x 54 and 7.62 x 51 millimeters, as well as for the 338 Lapua Magnum sniper cartridge. The microwave is designed in a new layout, which makes it easier to mount various sighting systems. The rifle also has a telescopic butt.

Meanwhile, the fifth generation of Kalashnikov assault rifles (5.45 mm and 7.62 mm AK-15) is positioned as advanced weapons, which is part of the "Ratnik" combat equipment. The AK-12 has already passed state tests and, perhaps, its mass production will begin in 2018. It is assumed that the 3.5-kg machine gun with a 30-round magazine will become the main long-barreled firearm in Russian army.

In addition, AK-105 assault rifles chambered for 5.45 × 39 millimeters are already being supplied to the army and security forces. New impact-resistant materials were used in the production of the machine. And the improved barrel increased the accuracy of fire. Thanks to the modernization of the trigger mechanism, it was possible to facilitate the descent and avoid the problem of “jerking” of the weapon. By the way, other assault rifles of the “hundredth” series AK-101/102/103/104, produced for export, are of interest to foreign clients. For example, Pakistan announced its desire to purchase a large batch of AK-103, suitable for hot climates.

5.45mm light machine gun, weighing only four kilograms - another interesting Russian development, which should go into production already in 2018. According to experts, the machine gun that will replace the RPK-74 simply has no analogues.

“The decision to purchase this machine gun has been made by the Minister of Defense. We are now preparing the first batch for military tests, then a decision will be made on serial deliveries. We hope the tests will begin this year,” said Alexey Krivoruchko, general director of the Kalashnikov concern.

The Ministry of Defense is deciding what weapons to equip the newest combat equipment“Ratnik”, choosing between AK-12 assault rifles from the Kalashnikov concern or AEK-971 from the Degtyarev Kovrov plant. While this issue is under consideration, “Ratnik” is armed with modernized samples of time-tested weapons, we read further about what kind of weapon these are.

According to the developer - the Kalashnikov concern - the kit, which received the code "Koves", will make it possible to increase by 1.5 times combat capabilities machine. The gunsmiths calculated this indicator using the criterion “frequency of defeat” at a range of up to 300 meters at any time of the day and in different climatic conditions.

The "body kit" includes several key elements. This is a new muzzle brake-compensator.

It reduced recoil and virtually eliminated the flash when firing. Infrared laser target designator. Its beam can only be seen through a night vision device. Ergonomic handle and length-adjustable stock. The receiver cover and forend are equipped with Picatinny rails. With it you can install it on the machine red dot sight, a flashlight and a vertical handle for holding the weapon with the second hand.

The new modernization kit for the Kalashnikov AK-74 assault rifle, according to the developers, will do this proven, but no longer modern weapons suitable for use with Ratnik.

Large-caliber sniper rifle ASVK (Kovrov)

This rifle is a further development of the KSVK large-caliber sniper rifle. Like its predecessor, the ASVK is designed to fire 12.7 mm cartridges. Depending on the type of ammunition, a rifle can hit both manpower and lightly armored enemy vehicles.

Compared to the previous model, ASVK is lighter - about 9 kilograms versus 12.5. However, such relief was provided by shortening the barrel. And this, in turn, led to a decrease in the sighting range, it is 1200 meters (KSVK hits 1500 meters).

ASVK is a five-shot bolt-action rifle. It is made according to the bullpup scheme, when the trigger is located in front of the magazine and the firing mechanism of the weapon.

Upgraded sniper rifle SVDM

The main innovation of the modernized SVD is the folding bipod. Basic option sniper shooting- from a lying position. In such cases, you always have to put something under the weapon or hold it under the forend with your second hand. The bipods solved this problem; they are height adjustable.

On the receiver cover there is a Picatinny rail on which modern optical sights, including foreign production. Previously, the SVD's mounting strip was located on the side and standard sights PSO-1, 1PN93 and some others were attached to it.

A new adjustment mechanism has appeared at the “cheek” of the butt. With its help, the shooter can adjust the height and position of the “cheek” to individual characteristics.

However, the main advantage of the new rifle is its heavier barrel. Due to its thickness, it was possible to increase the accuracy of fire when overheated.

Submachine gun "Vityaz"

PP-19-01 “Vityaz” became a continuation of the “Bison” line of submachine guns, which were created by order of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs since 1993. The new model was designed taking into account the requirements received from the special forces detachment of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs "Vityaz". It also received its name from the special forces.

“Vityaz” is designed on the basis of the Kalashnikov AKS-74U assault rifle, the unification of parts is 70%. In particular, shock- trigger, receiver and safety are identical to AK parts.

"Vityaz" is unpretentious in terms of the use of ammunition. The submachine gun can be loaded with both Russian 9x19 mm cartridges, including 7N21 cartridges with an armor-piercing bullet, and foreign Parabellum cartridges of the same caliber.

The choice of 9-mm ammunition is due to the fact that the Vityaz is intended for use in urban areas and indoors, that is, in an environment where there is a high probability of ricochet. In this case, the 9x19 mm caliber turned out to be the most optimal - compared to 5.45 mm caliber bullets used in machine gun cartridges, the ricochet of nine-millimeter bullets is much less.

Sniper rifle SV-98

The SV-98 was developed on the basis of the 7.62 mm Record-CISM sports rifle. One of the key differences between this weapon and the SVD is the manually reloadable bolt.

This design provides higher speed bullets when fired, since the energy of the powder gases is not spent on pushing the piston of the bolt frame (as in SVD and Kalashnikov assault rifles), but is entirely aimed at pushing the bullet out of the barrel.

The rifle comes with a low-noise firing device. It is not capable of completely drowning out the sound of a shot, but it can blur its sound portrait so that the enemy does not guess the type of weapon used.

Initially it was assembled on a wooden bed. In the new version, the rifle is assembled on an aluminum stock. Thanks to this, it has become immune to climate change. Rifles with “wood” are already in service with Russian security forces; they have been used in real combat operations.

The sample shown in the photo is experimental; testing is currently ongoing.

WEAPON ( military), devices and means used in armed struggle to defeat and destroy the enemy. Serving both for attack and defense (defense), weapons have been known since ancient times. It appeared during the primitive communal system (according to archaeological periodization it coincides mainly with the Stone Age) as a means of hunting, as a weapon of attack and defense in the process of obtaining food and clothing, i.e. it was a type of labor tool. Subsequently, during the period of the collapse of the clan system, the emergence of private ownership of the means of production and the division of society into antagonistic classes, weapons become a means specially created for armed struggle.
The condition and development of weapons depends to a certain extent on the method of production and, especially on the level of development of the producing forces. F. Engels wrote: “Nothing depends so much on economic conditions, exactly like the army and navy. Armament, composition, organization, tactics and strategy depend, first of all, on what has been achieved in this moment stages of production.

The first types of weapons used in the Early Paleolithic (in the early Stone Age, approximately 1 million 800 thousand - 35 thousand years ago) included a primitive club or club, wooden a spear , stones. With the transition to the Late Paleolithic (approximately 35-10 thousand years ago), stone processing techniques underwent radical changes. Spears appeared and dart with flint and bone tips, sling. At the end of this era they used spear throwers, significantly increasing the flight range of the spear. That is, in the Paleolithic there already existed impact and throwing B weapon Mesolithic (transitional era from Paleolithic to Neolithic) began to spread onion And arrows - one of the most important inventions of mankind in the era of tribal society. In the Neolithic (New Stone Age) new types of weapons appeared - a stone ax, dagger of stone and bone, mace with stone head. Development weapon led to the creation defensive weapons.
The discovery of the properties of copper in the Chalcolithic (Copper Stone Age) and the production of bronze (in the Bronze Age), which coincided with the formation of early class societies, marked the beginning of a new stage in the history of weapons. Specialized military weapons began to be manufactured - bronze (later iron) swords coins (war hammer, Klevets), spears and more Steel arms . The main role in battles goes to the sword, the decisive importance of which for the wars of the era of barbarism F. Engels compared with the role of the bow for the era of savagery and firearms for the era of civilization. There is a division of some types of weapons (sword, spear) into infantry (gladius, pilum) and cavalry (spata, hasta). The appearance of protective structures caused the creation of throwing machines and siege equipment. The development of the bow led to the creation crossbow And crossbow, a knife appears, halberd and other types of bladed weapons. Starting to be used greek fire, mainly for setting fire to enemy ships in naval battle. An important stage in the development of weapons is associated with the use of gunpowder as a propellant and the emergence firearms. One of the first types of firearms was modfa, appeared among the Arabs in the 12th century. IN Western Europe and in Rus' firearms weapon known since the 14th century. Artillery guns of that time were smooth-walled pipes (barrels) forged from metal, mounted on wooden machines. Loading was carried out from the muzzle of the barrel, and the powder charge was ignited through a special ignition hole. The projectiles were arrows, logs, stones, and later stone cannonballs. For shooting at manpower, stone buckshot was also used, which was poured into the bore on top of the propellant charge. First samples small arms(in Rus' - manual arquebus (handbrake), in France - petrinal, in Spain - pedernal ) differed little in design from art. guns They were smooth-bore, muzzle-loading, had a straight stock and fired spherical bullets. Powder charge ignited manually from a smoldering wick. With the advent and development of firearms, bladed weapons and throwing machines undergo changes and gradually lose their importance. By the end of the 14th century. the sword in Rus' gave way saber, and in the West Europe was pushed out with a sword. At the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of modern times they found application ax And berdysh, as well as a variety of mace - six-pin, pernach, flail.

Importance in development artillery played a transition in the 15th-16th centuries. to the manufacture of barrels from cast iron and bronze and to the use of cast iron and lead cannonballs for firing. This made it possible to reduce the caliber of the guns, making them lighter and more mobile. The use of grained gunpowder simplified loading and increased the rate of fire. However, in the design of the guns there was big variety. So, in Russia in the 16-17 centuries. the weapons were arquebuses, mozhirs (mortars), howitzers (howitzers), shotguns, mattresses, mounted guns etc. In order to increase the rate of fire, multi-barreled guns were used - organs. With the introduction of the concept weapon caliber and the improvement of production in the 18th century, a clearer systematization of artillery pieces was established. In the mid-18th century, Russia developed unicorns. In the 1st half of the 19th century, bomb guns appeared, firing explosive shells weighing more than a pound (bombs) and were used primarily by naval and coastal artillery.
During its development, small arms became an independent type of firearm. This was caused by the need to make it lighter and more maneuverable. In the 15th century they appeared guns with wick lock (in the West - arquebuses, in Rus' - hand-held squeaks of 12.5-18 mm caliber). At the same time, muzzle-loading smoothbore guns were created pistols How self-defense weapon. At the beginning of the 16th century, more powerful matchlock guns began to be used - muskets, 20-23 mm caliber. Great importance For the development of small arms there was a transition from matchlocks to wheel locks (late 15th century) and percussion flintlocks (16th century). With the creation of the percussion flintlock and bayonet (17th century), the type of infantry smoothbore muzzle-loading gun, which was in service with armies until the mid-19th century, finally took shape. Re-equipment of the Russian army with such guns (fusees) was produced in 1706-09, and at the beginning of the 19th century (1808-09) a single caliber was established for all guns - 7 lines (17.78 mm).
The transition to rifled barrels led to a leap in the development of firearms. Rifle made it possible to increase the range and accuracy of fire and to use elongated rotating projectiles, which have greater effectiveness at the target compared to spherical smoothbore artillery projectiles. The first examples of small arms with screw rifling were created back in the 16th century (screw-mounted arquebuses and guns, union )artillery pieces in the 17th century. However, due to the complexity of manufacturing and the difficulty of loading, such weapons did not become widespread until the s. 19th century. The invention in the 1st half of the 19th century of a percussion composition and a primer as a means of igniting a propellant charge, a paper (in the 60s metal) unitary cartridge, the improvement of locks and the creation of bolts significantly facilitated the loading of weapons and increased their rate of fire. Widespread rearmament of armies and navies with rifled breech-loading guns, rifles, carbines was carried out in the 60s. 19th century, when the achieved levels of development of production and scientific and technological progress provided the necessary conditions for their development and release in large quantities. At the beginning of the 19th century. In Russia and other countries, various devices were developed and adopted into service with powder rockets and were used in a number of wars and battles. However, due to insufficient high level With the development of science and technology, they did not improve and, due to the growth in the firepower of artillery, temporarily lost their importance, being revived on a new basis in the 30s. 20th century. In the middle of the 19th century. mines entered service with armies and navies , and then torpedoes.
In the 2nd half. 19th century There is further development and improvement of firearms. The invention during this period of smokeless gunpowder allowed to sharply increase weapon rate of fire And firing range.
A type of rapid-fire artillery gun is being created (Russian 2.5-inch gun by V. S. Baranovsky (1877) and 76-mm gun model 1902, French 75-mm gun model 1897, etc.), which had almost all components and units that exist in modern weapons. The caliber of the rifle is reduced weapons, appears magazine weapon. One of the best examples of this weapons there was a 7.62 mm rifle mod. 1891, developed by S.I. Mosin. An important stage in development weapons creation appeared automatic weapons (automatic cannon, machine gun, etc.), which quickly spread and had a significant impact on the forms and methods of warfare. During the Russo-Japanese War 1904-05 Rus. army for mounted shooting from the sea. guns used an over-caliber mine. This weapon was called mortar Subsequently, mortars were developed and adopted for service in other armies.
During World War I, new types of weapons emerged and old ones were improved. Along with tanks and planes, aircraft appeared. and tank machine guns of 7.62-7.9 mm caliber, tank guns of 37-75 mm caliber and aerial bombs. To combat enemy aircraft, they began to create zenith and guns. One of the first anti-aircraft guns there was a Russian 76-mm anti-aircraft gun mod. 1915. Initially, mainly light field artillery guns with conventional shells were used against tanks. The navies of various states began to use them against submarines depth charges and diving art. shells, into the sea. aviation - bombs and torpedoes. During the war, German troops were the first to use flamethrowers And chemical weapon: chlorine (1915), phosgene (1916), mustard gas and toxic fumes (1917). Chemical weapon was also used by the Entente troops.
Before World War II, the development of weapons followed the path of creating new, more advanced field and naval artillery guns (including semi-automatic and automatic anti-aircraft guns), aircraft, tank and anti-tank guns, mortars, self-propelled guns, anti-tank rifles, samples of small automatic weapons (rifles, pistols, submachine guns, light, heavy and heavy machine guns, including aviation, tank and anti-aircraft). In 1936 for service Soviet army the 7.62-mm automatic rifle ABC-36 designed by S. G. Simonov was adopted, then the 7.62-mm self-loading rifle mod. 1940 designs by F.V. Tokarev. In 1938, a large-caliber 12.7 mm DShK machine gun designs by V. A. Degtyarev and G. S. Shpagin a, at the beginning of 1941 - 7.62 mm PPSh submachine gun Shpagin's designs. All this significantly increased the share of automatic weapons. Modern combat aircraft were equipped with 7.62 mm aircraft machine guns ShKAS designed by B. G. Shpitalny and I. A. Komaritsky and 20-mm aircraft. ShVAK guns designed by Shpitalny and S.V. Vladimirov (cannon firing rate - 3000 rounds/min). In the period 1936-40, new 76-mm divisional guns and 122 mm howitzer, 152 mm howitzer gun and howitzer, 210 mm gun, 280 mm mortar and 305 mm howitzer, the 45 mm was upgraded anti-tank gun. Anti-aircraft artillery was equipped with 25- and 37-mm automatic 76- and 85-mm cannons. At the end of the 30s. 50-mm company, 82-mm battalion, 107-mm mountain-pack and 120-mm regimental mortars were created. Great contribution to the creation of a first-class owl. art. weapons were contributed by design teams led by V.G. Grabin, I.I. Ivanov, F.F. Petrov, B.I. Shavyrin and others. In 1937, the Soviets adopted them. The Air Force received 82- and 132-mm rockets (RS-82 and RS-132). At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the war of 1941-45 Owls. troops fired the first salvo from rocket artillery combat vehicles ( “Katyusha”). During the 2nd World War, jets were also used by the Nazi, British and American armies. In 1943 it was adopted by the Soviets. The troops received the first large-caliber breech-loading 160-mm mortar. Widely used in World War 2 self-propelled artillery units (self-propelled guns): in the Soviet Army with guns of 76, 85, 100, 122 and 152 mm caliber; in the Nazi armies - 75-150 mm; in the American and British armies - 75-203 mm. Main types naval weapons there were various artillery systems, improved torpedoes, mines and depth charges. In service with aviation different countries consisted of aerial bombs weighing from 1 kg to 9 thousand kg, small-caliber automatic guns (20-47 mm), heavy machine guns(11.35-13.2 mm), rockets. Tanks before World War 2 had mostly small-caliber guns (37-45 mm). During the war, medium-caliber guns (75-122 mm) began to be installed on them. Further development was achieved small arms automatic weapon , (especially machine guns and submachine guns), flamethrowers of various types, incendiary ammunition, cumulative and sub-caliber shells, mine explosive weapon . In 1944, the Nazi army used guided missiles V-1 And ballistic missiles V-2, and in August 1945 the US armed forces - nuclear weapon. The USSR quickly eliminated the US monopoly on atomic bomb and in 1949 he carried out an experiment, the explosion of an atomic device. Later, nuclear weapons were created in Great Britain, France, and China. In the post-war period, the USSR, USA, Great Britain, France and other countries developed and adopted rockets of various classes and purposes. In unity with nuclear weapons, missiles formed nuclear missile weapons. It combines enormous destructive power nuclear weapons with unlimited missile range. Emergence nuclear missile weapons demanded fundamental changes in all areas of military affairs.
Modern weapons in most cases are a combination of direct weapons and means of delivering them to the target, as well as instruments and control and guidance devices. Therefore, such weapons are usually called weapons complexes. Modern weapons are classified according to their main distinctive features.
These signs are:

1. the scale of the lethal effect of the weapon and the nature of the combat missions it solves;
2. special purpose weapons;
3. method of delivering direct weapons to the target;
4. degree of weapon maneuverability;
5. number of service personnel;
6. degree of automation of the firing (launch) process;
7. the ability to change the trajectory when moving weapons of direct destruction to the target.

After the 2nd World War, on the basis of scientific and technological progress in the armies, the most developed countries There have been fundamental changes in the means of warfare and the methods of their use. Accumulated and improved nuclear weapons. Nuclear missile warheads, air bombs, torpedoes, landmines, depth charges, artillery shells with an equivalent capacity of several tens of tons to several tens of megatons of TNT. Nuclear ammunition carriers - missiles of various classes and purposes - have entered service with branches of the armed forces and branches of the armed forces (forces). Most powerful strategic weapon become intercontinental ballistic missiles(ICBMs) with monoblock and multiple warheads, possessing enormous destruction, strength, long flight range and high accuracy hitting the target. In addition to strategic weapons, there are also operational-tactical and tactical missiles. New anti-aircraft and missile defense. Developed by zenith, missile systems(SAM), having missiles with conventional and nuclear warheads and capable of hitting air targets flying at extremely low altitudes (50-100 m) and in the troposphere at supersonic speed. Anti-missiles are used to intercept ICBM warheads missile defense systems. The main weapons of combat aircraft have become guided and homing air-to-air missiles (missiles air combat) and air-to-surface. To equip submarines and boats, ballistic and cruise missiles With underwater launch and long flight range, as well as torpedo missiles. Surface ships are armed with missiles and other types of modern weapons, ensuring their high combat effectiveness. A fundamentally new weapon has been developed - anti-tank guided missiles - one of the most effective means of fighting tanks. They also began to be installed on tanks and helicopters. The barrel and rocket artillery, small arms, bomber, torpedo and mine - explosive weapon. Increased lethal effect ordinary ammunition . Cluster warheads for missiles, active rockets and mines, projectiles with arrow-shaped damaging elements, napalm bombs, etc.
New instruments and devices have been created for preparing fire and controlling fire and weapons (radar stations, sighting systems, laser rangefinders, night vision devices and sights, etc.) that significantly increase the combat effectiveness of weapons. The modern development of weapons is characterized by their accelerated renewal. Cycles of replacing some types of weapons with others compared to the beginning of the 20th century. decreased by 2-3 times.
Discovery of new sources of energy and physical laws, the creation of advanced technical means leads to the emergence of more effective types weapons, which causes significant and sometimes radical changes in the methods and forms of warfare, the theory of military art, the organization of the structure of the armed forces and the practice of training troops. Weapons are a material factor in scientific and technological progress achieved as a result of the development of theory and experience. In turn, military art influences the development of weapons, putting forward demands for improving existing types and creating new ones. Competition between means of destruction and means of defense (for example, projectile and armor, air attack and air defense means, etc.) is of great stimulating importance for the development of weapons.
Modern development science and technology makes it possible to create and produce new types of weapons, incl. weapons of mass destruction based on qualitatively new operating principles. In addition, when qualitatively new elements are used in traditional types and systems of weapons, the latter can also acquire the properties of weapons of mass destruction. Considering the great threat that weapons of mass destruction pose to humanity, the USSR is waging a consistent and active struggle to ban both existing and new types of weapons.

It is quite natural that everyone who uses a weapon wants to own the best models, so below is a rating that presents modern weapon of our time - rifles. The rating was compiled by the American TV channel Military Channel according to the following criteria: sighting accuracy, effectiveness of use in combat, reliability, ease of use and originality of design.

American M14

The rifle, which occupies an honorable 10th position on the list, appeared during the Second World War. At this time, infantry soldiers of the American army were armed with several types of small arms at once - 4 in total. Since this was extremely inconvenient, especially on the battlefield, the military authorities asked the government to develop one universal rifle capable of performing the functions of all available weapons.

The solution to the problem was the modern M14 small arms with a standard 7.62 mm caliber cartridge. The product received its baptism of fire during the Vietnam offensive and was highly appreciated by the soldiers.

Despite the fact that the M14 was recognized as somewhat heavy for a rapid assault, and the more modern M16 soon appeared, small arms from the Second World War are still very popular among professional military personnel, especially as a sniper rifle. Therefore, the products cannot be classified as military antiques.

Sturmgewehr 44, Germany

This automatic rifle receives ninth place for its original design and innovative technologies - in the class of assault weapons, this modern small arms can be considered a pioneer.

The peculiarity of the gun is that its developers decided to use a 7.92 mm caliber cartridge, which stands between standard pistol and rifle ones. In addition, the product has a noticeably increased rate of fire compared to the usual Mauser rifle - up to 500 times per minute.

American 1903 Springfield

The newest US small arms were actually created in the early twentieth century after the war with Spain. It was then that the Americans started thinking about creating something more modern and improved to replace the already existing Krag-Jorgensen infantry.

The current rifle received a longitudinally sliding bolt and a magazine for 5 rounds of 7.62 mm caliber. Thanks to the bullet release speed of 820 meters per second, modern weapons have established themselves as excellent sniper rifles, despite the rather low rate of fire - only up to 10 strikes per minute.

All these qualities made it possible to use small arms in the Vietnam War.

Austrian Steyr AUG

Compared to other models, this modern product, which took 7th place, appeared relatively recently - in 1977. The release date significantly influenced the appearance of the rifle - it rather resembles a fantastic blaster from everyone’s favorite Star Wars.

Although the design is somewhat unusual, it achieves some advantages. For example, the developers moved the trigger mechanism inside the butt, significantly lightening the weapon and making it more compact.

The weapon belongs to the class of machine guns with the possibility of single fire. You can choose yourself which way the cartridges will be ejected - to the right or to the left.

Mauser K98k, Germany

In sixth position is a not very modern, but still one of the most advanced weapons of the military industry. The legendary Mauser became the prototype or modification option for many subsequent models.

• gunpowder that does not produce smoky clouds;

• cartridges in clips;

• sliding type shutter.

Before this product, such features were practically not used in the weapons industry.

FN FAL, Belgium

5th place is occupied by another representative with the presence of a single fire function. Interestingly, the prototype was the Sturmgewehr 44, already known to us.

In the mid-twentieth century, the FN FAL would be adopted by more than 50 countries around the world. And for good reason - modern small arms have proven themselves well thanks to a good muzzle velocity of 820 meters per second and a rate of fire of about 700 rounds per minute.

However, the product has one significant drawback - the accuracy of fire drops significantly when operating in automatic mode.

M1 Garand, USA

The fourth position is occupied by semi-automatic small arms, created in 1936 specifically for the armament of the United States military forces.

With a muzzle velocity of 860 meters per second, the rifle can handle approximately thirty 7.62 caliber rounds per minute. Such indicators placed the gun significantly higher than similar models during World War II.

English Lee-Enfield SMLE

An honorable third place went to a bolt-action rifle, which was created in Great Britain at the beginning of the twentieth century. Modern non-automatic small arms have gained primacy thanks to their outstanding firing rate of up to 30 rounds per minute. This is due to the ability to hold up to 10 rounds in the magazine.

The muzzle velocity of such a product is 740 meters per second.

M16, USA

Among the advantages, it should also be noted the use of lightweight metal alloys when casting the body and parts of the product - with the lighter option, assault operations began to proceed faster and more effectively.

In addition, modern small arms are becoming small-caliber, accepting 5.56 mm cartridges instead of the classic 7.62. This allows you to fit up to 30 bullets into the gun magazine at a time.

AK-47, USSR

The best modern small arms are chambered for the 7.62 caliber cartridge. The model is in no way related to old antiques and is still produced to this day - for comparison, the English Lee-Enfield was put into service only until 1965.

By the way, the AK-47 was created on the basis of the Sturmgewehr 44, like the Belgian FN FAL. However, the models have significant differences in assembly - the AK-47 consists of stamped parts that can significantly reduce the weight of the rifle.

With a muzzle power of 1000 meters per second, modern small arms fire about 710 rounds per minute - a simply amazing result!

You can learn more about the operation of the Kalashnikov assault rifle from the following video review:

Russian Federation were formed in 1992. At the time of creation, their number was 2,880,000 people. Today it reaches 1,000,000 people. Not only is it one of the largest armed forces in the world. The armament of the Russian army today is very modern, developed, has reserves of nuclear weapons, weapons of mass destruction, a developed system for countering enemy attacks and redeploying weapons if necessary.

The army of the Russian Federation practically does not use foreign-made weapons. Everything needed is manufactured in the country. All military equipment and weapons are the result of research by scientists and the functioning of the defense industry. The army is governed by the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation through military districts and other governing bodies. Also, a General Staff has been created to manage the Russian Armed Forces, whose tasks are defense planning, conducting mobilization and operational training, organizing reconnaissance operations, etc.

Armored vehicles

Military equipment and weapons of the Russian army are constantly being modernized. This happens with vehicles such as armored personnel carriers, infantry fighting vehicles and infantry fighting vehicles. They are intended for combat operations on various types terrain, and are also capable of transporting a combat detachment of up to 10 people, overcoming water obstacles. These vehicles can travel both forward and backward at the same speed.

Thus, at the beginning of 2013, the BTR-82 and BTR-82A entered service with the Russian army. This modification has an economical diesel generator set and is equipped with an electric drive with a stabilizer for controlling the gun and a laser sight. The designers improved reconnaissance capabilities, and the fire extinguishing and fragmentation protection systems were improved.

There are about 500 BMP-3s in service. This equipment and the weapons with which it is equipped have no equal in the whole world. equipped with mine protection, have a durable and sealed body, providing all-round armor to protect personnel. The BMP-3 is an air transportable amphibious vehicle. On a flat road it reaches speeds of up to 70 km/h.

Russian nuclear weapons

Nuclear weapons have been adopted since the times of the USSR. This the whole complex, which includes directly ammunition, carriers and means of transportation, as well as control systems. The action of the weapon is based on nuclear energy, which is released during the fission or fusion reaction of nuclei.

New today is the RS-24 Yars. Development on it began under the USSR in 1989. After Ukraine refused to develop it jointly with Russia, all design developments were transferred to MIT in 1992. The design of the Yars rocket is similar to the Topol-M. Its difference is a new platform for breeding blocks. The Yars has an increased payload, and the hull is treated with a special compound to reduce the impact nuclear explosion. This rocket capable of performing program maneuvers and equipped with a complex to counter missile defense systems.

Pistols for the army

Pistols in troops of any kind are used for close combat and personal self-defense. This weapon has become widespread due to its compactness and light weight, but the main advantage was the ability to shoot with one hand. Until 2012, pistols in service with the Russian army were mainly used by Makarov systems (PM and PMM). The models are designed for 9 mm cartridges. The firing range reached 50 meters, the rate of fire was 30 rounds per minute. Magazine capacity: PM - 8 rounds, PMM - 12 rounds.

However, the Makarov pistol is recognized as obsolete, and a more modern model has been adopted. This is “Strizh”, developed jointly with special forces officers. In terms of its technical characteristics, the pistol surpasses the world famous Glock. Another pistol that the army adopted new Russia in 2003, there was SPS ( self-loading pistol Serdyukov).

9-mm cartridges with small ricochet bullets, as well as armor-piercing and armor-piercing tracer bullets were developed for it. It is equipped with a special spring to speed up the change of the double-stack magazine and two safety valves.

Aviation

The armament of the Russian Army in terms of aviation allows it to provide protection and attack on the enemy, as well as carry out various operations, such as reconnaissance, security and others. Aviation is represented by airplanes and helicopters for various purposes.

Among the aircraft, it is worth noting the Su-35S model. This fighter is multifunctional and highly maneuverable; it is designed to strike moving and stationary ground targets. But its main task is to gain air supremacy. The Su-35S has engines with higher thrust and a rotary thrust vector (product 117-S). It uses fundamentally new on-board equipment - the aircraft's information and control system ensures the maximum degree of interaction between the pilots and the aircraft. Installed on the fighter latest system weapons control "Irbis-E". It is capable of simultaneously detecting up to 30 air targets, firing at up to 8 targets without interrupting observation of ground and air space.

Among the helicopters modern weapons The Russian army should note the KA-52 “Alligator” and KA-50 “Black Shark”. These two combat vehicles are formidable weapons; so far no country in the world has been able to create and oppose equipment that matches them in terms of tactical and technical capabilities. "Alligator" can operate at any time of the day or night, under any weather and climatic conditions. The “Black Shark” is designed to destroy various armored vehicles, including tanks, as well as to provide protection for ground facilities and troops from enemy attacks.

Vehicles

The Russian army is equipped with vehicles for various purposes on a large scale. Automotive vehicles are presented in the form of highly mobile, cargo-passenger, multi-purpose, specially protected and armored vehicles.

The Tiger STS, which was adopted by the Russian army, has proven itself especially well. The vehicle is used for reconnaissance operations, monitoring the enemy, transporting personnel and ammunition, and patrolling zones increased danger, escorting mobile columns. It has high maneuverability, a large range, and good visibility for firing.

For the rapid transfer of equipment, ammunition and personnel in large quantities, the KRAZ-5233BE “Spetsnaz” is used. The vehicle is designed for work in harsh climatic conditions (from - 50 to + 60 degrees), has high maneuverability - it can overcome water obstacles up to 1.5 m deep and snow covers up to 60 cm high.

Tanks

Tanks are armored fighting vehicles and are used by ground troops. Today, the Russian Army uses the T-90, T-80 and T-72 models. Modern tank armament outnumbers that of the United States Army.

The T-80 has been supplied to the army since 1976, since then it has undergone several modifications. Used to support firepower to destroy people and various objects (for example, fortified firing points), to create defensive lines. It has multi-layer armor and increased maneuverability. Equipped with a 125-mm cannon coaxial with a machine gun, a Utes machine-gun complex, a smoke grenade launch system, as well as an anti-tank missile control system.

The T-90 tank, especially the T-90SM modification, can be safely positioned as the latest weapons Russian army. Equipped with an improved fire extinguishing system, an air conditioning system has been added, and it is possible to hit moving targets with high accuracy while moving. In all respects it surpasses tanks such as the Abrams or Leopard.

Machine guns in service with the army

Most famous weapon the Russian army is And although they do not have grace or beauty, they have earned popularity for their simplicity and ease of use. This machine gun dates back to 1959, when it was first adopted by the USSR army. In recent years, starting from 1990, AK-74M models with a rail for mounting various types of sights have been produced for the army. In it, the designers were able to realize the dream of a universal machine gun. But no matter how universal it may be, history does not stand still, and technology develops.

Today, the modern weapons of the Russian army in terms of machine guns are represented by the AK-12 model. It does not have the disadvantages of all types of AKs - there is no gap between the receiver cover and the receiver itself. The design makes the machine convenient for use by both right-handers and left-handers. The model is compatible with magazines for AKM and AK-74. It is possible to mount an under-barrel grenade launcher and various types of sights. The shooting accuracy is almost 1.5 times higher than that of the AK-74.

Grenade launchers in Russian troops

Grenade launchers are designed for various purposes and are divided into several types. Thus, they distinguish easel, automatic, manual, multi-purpose, under-barrel and remote-controlled. Depending on the type, they are intended to destroy enemy troops, moving and stationary targets, and to destroy unarmored, lightly armored and armored vehicles.

New small arms of the Russian army in this category are represented by the RPG-30 “Hook” grenade launcher. It is a disposable weapon and entered service with the troops in 2013. It is double-barreled and contains two grenades: an imitation grenade and a 105-mm live grenade. The simulator ensures the activation of the enemy’s defense functions, and the combat grenade directly destroys the target that remains unprotected.

We cannot ignore such modern weapons of the Russian army as the GP-25 and GP-30 under-barrel grenade launchers. They are equipped with Kalashnikov assault rifles of the AK-12, AKM, AKMS, AKS-74U, AK-74, AK-74M, AK-103 and AK-101 modifications. Underbarrel grenade launchers GP-25 and GP-30 are designed to destroy living and non-living targets and unarmored vehicles. The target firing range is about 400 m, the caliber is 40 mm.

Sniper rifles

Sniper rifles, used as small arms by the Russian army, are divided into several types, or rather, have different purposes. To eliminate single camouflaged or moving targets, a 7.62 mm SVD is used. The rifle was developed back in 1958 by E. Dragunov and has an effective range of up to 1300 meters. Since then, the weapon has undergone several modifications. In the 90s was developed and put into service with the Russian Army (SVU-AS). It has a caliber of 7.62 and is designed for airborne units. This rifle has automatic firing capability and is also equipped with a folding stock.

For military operations that require the absence of noise, VSS is used. Despite the fact that the Vintorez sniper rifle was created in former USSR, SP-5 and SP-6 cartridges are used for firing (pierces a steel plate 8 mm thick from a distance of 100 m). The effective firing range is from 300 to 400 meters, depending on the type of sight used.

Russian naval forces

The naval armament used by the army of the new Russia is quite diverse. Surface ships provide support for submarine forces, provide transportation airborne troops and covering the landing, protecting territorial waters, the coastline, searching and tracking the enemy, supporting sabotage operations. Submarine forces provide reconnaissance operations and surprise attacks on continental and maritime targets. Powers naval aviation are used to attack enemy surface forces, destroy key facilities on its coastline, and intercept and prevent attacks by enemy aircraft.

The Navy includes destroyers, patrol ships of the far and near sea zone, small missile and anti-submarine ships, missile, anti-sabotage boats, large and small landing ships, nuclear submarines, minesweepers, landing boats.

Defense production

After the collapse of the USSR defense industry experienced a sharp decline. However, in 2006, Russian President Vladimir Putin approved Government program weapons development for 2007-2015. According to this document, new weapons and various technical means to replace the old one.

Development and supply of new and modernized weapons and equipment are carried out by such enterprises as Russian Technologies, Oboronprom, Motorostroitel, Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant, United Aircraft Corporation, Russian Helicopters OJSC, Uralvagonzavod, Kurgan Engine Plant and others.

Most research centers and design bureaus developing weapons for the Russian army are strictly classified, as are defense industry enterprises. But the defense industry today provides jobs for many large and medium-sized cities of the Russian Federation.