Altai Nature Reserve is protected. The World of Mountain Altai is an Altai state nature reserve. Sailyugemkiy National Park

Square: 881,238 hectares, including the water area of ​​Lake Teletskoye - 11,757 hectares.

Main ecosystems: Siberian taiga, lakes, taiga midlands and lowlands, subalpine and alpine midlands and highlands, tundra-steppe highlands, tundra midlands and highlands, glacial-nival highlands.

Location: The reserve is located in the northeastern part of the Altai Republic, on the territory of the Turachak and Ulagansky districts. The central estate of the reserve is located in the village of Yailyu, the main office is in the city of Gorno-Altaisk, the capital of the Altai Republic.

The Altai State Nature Reserve is a unique specially protected natural area of ​​Russia, a UNESCO world cultural and natural heritage site, which includes part of the water area of ​​Lake Teletskoye - the pearl of the Altai Mountains, the “little Baikal” of Western Siberia. It occupies one of the first places among Russian nature reserves in terms of biological diversity.

The main goal of creating the reserve is to preserve the most valuable and rare beauty of Lake Teletskoye, its landscapes, protect cedar forests, save the most important hunting and commercial animals that were on the verge of extinction - sable, elk, deer and others, as well as constant stationary study of the nature of the region as a whole. The Altai Nature Reserve also ensures the preservation and study of the natural course of natural processes and phenomena, the genetic fund of flora and fauna, individual species and communities of plants and animals, typical and unique ecological systems. According to geomorphological zoning, the entire territory of the reserve belongs to the Altai province of the country “Mountains of Southern Siberia”. Along the boundaries of the reserve there are high ridges: in the north - Abakansky (2890 m above sea level), in the south - Chikhacheva (3021 m above sea level), in the East - Shapshalsky (3507 m above sea level). from the west the territory is limited by the valleys of the rivers Chulyshman, Karakem and Lake Teletskoye.

The Altai Nature Reserve is located in the center of the Altai-Sayan mountainous country. A vast territory with mountains, coniferous forests, alpine meadows and mountain tundras, wild rivers and lakes stretches for 230 kilometers. The territory of the reserve gradually rises in the south-east direction.

Everywhere in the mountains there are springs and streams with clean, tasty and cold water. Alpine lakes are common on watershed plateaus. The largest of them is Julukul, more than 10 kilometers long; it is located at the source of Chulyshman, at an altitude of 2200 meters. Lake Dzhulukul is a unique reservoir of the Altai Nature Reserve, a habitat, nesting place for various representatives of the bird world, a spawning place for the most valuable fish species of the Altai Mountains. All the high-mountain lakes of the Altai Nature Reserve (occupying a total area of ​​15 thousand km2) are very beautiful, with emerald-blue transparent water and picturesque shores.

Most common tree species in the Altai Nature Reserve are: cedar, fir, larch, spruce, pine, birch. Pure high-mountain cedar forests are the pride of the reserve. The cedars here reach 1.8 meters in diameter and are 400-450 years old. In general, the rich and diverse flora of the reserve includes 1,500 species of higher vascular plants, 111 species of fungi and 272 species of lichens. There are 668 species of algae known in the reserve; seven species of lichens are included in the Red Book of Russia: laboratory pulmonata, laboratory reticulate, fringed stykta, etc. The species composition of plants and animals is interesting for its diversity.

The complex terrain with altitudes up to 3500 m, various climatic and natural-historical conditions create a significant diversity of vegetation cover of the Altai Nature Reserve. Of the 1,500 species of vascular plants known in the reserve, there are relicts and endemics. A significant area of ​​the Altai Nature Reserve is located at the junction of the mountain systems of Altai, Sayan, and Tuva; the complexity of natural-historical development and biogeographical boundaries, the diversity of natural conditions determine the exceptional richness of the animal world of the reserve. In the protected area you can meet inhabitants of high latitudes (reindeer, ptarmigan), and inhabitants of the Mongolian steppes (gray marmot), and many typical “taiga inhabitants”. In the Priteletsk region of the reserve all commercial mammals of the southern taiga can be found. The most common species are sable and deer; musk deer, wild boar, elk, roe deer and others live there. Among the predators that live here are: bear, wolf, badger, wolverine, lynx and otter.

In summer, along the shores of Lake Teletskoye you can see numerous waterfalls of extraordinary beauty, carrying their waters into the lake. Most of the waterfalls are inaccessible to visitors, with the exception of the main waterfall of Lake Teletskoye - “Korbu”, which annually attracts several tens of thousands of tourists at its foot during the summer season. At the visitor center of the Altai Nature Reserve “Altai Ail” in the village of Yailyu you can get acquainted with the traditional culture of the indigenous small people of the Tubalars.

Climate

The climate of the reserve is continental and mountainous at the same time. The first is related to geographical location territory in the center of the Asian continent. The climate here is formed under the influence and interaction of cyclonic circulation, the Asian anticyclone and Arctic air masses. The second factor is the location of the protected area in the mid-high mountain zone of the Altai mountain system. This provision determines altitudinal zonation climate and a wide variety of microclimatic conditions.

The specific relief of individual regions plays a significant role in climate formation. Air masses passing over the region interact with the mountainous terrain; at the same time, low clouds are usually concentrated along high ridges, and air currents rush along deep river valleys, often changing their direction. High mountain ranges, which prevent the movement of moisture-saturated air masses, intercept a significant portion of precipitation. Over wide valleys inside mountain systems, heated by the sun, clouds often rise and dissipate.

The climatic conditions of the reserve territory, in general, are seasonal in nature. On weather In the autumn-winter period, the Asian anticyclone has a great influence. During the warm period, weather conditions are determined by the cyclonic activity of the westerly transport. The southern regions of the reserve are influenced by the climate of Mongolia with its arid conditions. Climatic conditions also determine: a significant difference in air temperature at the peaks high mountains and in the valleys of mid-mountains, high levels solar radiation in winter, widely developed mountain-valley air circulation, significant amounts of precipitation. The climate of the reserve is characterized by long frosty winters, short and humid summers, long and cold springs and autumns.

Average monthly temperatures	Annual precipitation (mm)

Frequency of winds (%%)
	Northeast	Southeast	Southwest	Northwest
Frequency of winds (%%)

The warmest month is July +16.8 °C

Average temperature over the last 50 years:

The coldest month is January -8.3 °C

Average annual precipitation 865.3 mm

In the northeast, the territory of the reserve is limited by the Abakansky ridge (Sadonkaya town), in the north - by the Torot ridge (north of the M. Mionok river), in the southeast and east - by the Shapshalsky ridge (Tashkyly-kaya town), in the south - by spurs Chikhachev and Chulyshmansky ridges (Bogoyash). The mountain ranges stretch from southeast to northwest, changing direction across the width of Lake Teletskoye to the north and northeast. The geological structure of the territory is very complex, which is determined by its long multi-stage development. The foundations of the relief were created by tectonic movements of Paleozoic age (Caleodon and Chertsin folds). The Caledonian stage is associated with the accumulation of thick Paleozoic carbonate and flyschoid strata and the introduction of granite intrusions. In the Chertsinsky stage, the final formation of the structure of the territory took place. The closure of a geosyncline (a mobile area of ​​the earth's crust) in the late Paleozoic led to the creation of a geological basis for the relief with faults that determined the orientation of orographic elements. Then, at the end of the Mesozoic - the beginning of the Paleogene, with the equilibrium of endogenous and exogenous processes, denudation leveling began. The relief of the reserve is characterized by the presence of preserved sections of ancient peneplain (surface with leveled relief) on modern ridges, despite intensive dissection and destruction. The surface of the Chulyshman Plateau, for example, is a relict small hill, significantly modified by glacial processes.

There are different opinions regarding the glaciation of the territory of the reserve, the time of its occurrence and the types of glaciation - from 2 to 4 ice ages are distinguished. The presence of two glaciations - cover and valley - is consistent with studies of glaciation in the river valley. Biya and with the presence of tertiary relict vegetation preserved in the river basin. Kyga (the so-called “Teletsky refugium”), which is pointed out by A.V. Kuminova (1957) when considering the pine forests of Altai [Project of organization and development forestry Altai State Reserve, 1982].

The reserve's relief is characterized by a variety of forms: high alpine gives way to plateau-like highlands, wide valleys and deep canyon-like gorges and has an elevation difference from 400 to 3500 m above sea level.

A characteristic feature of the relief is the presence of three zones: watershed ridges with altitudes ranging from 2200-2900 (rarely up to 3100-3500 m) above sea level, leveling surfaces or highlands (according to other authors, “the area of ​​sloping ridges” or “plateau-like highlands” ), where residual surfaces of two levels are distinguished: the lower one at an altitude of 1600-1800 m and the upper one at an altitude of 1900-2100 m; between them there is a complex of larger forms and belts of steep relief (according to other authors of “deeply dissected relief”) - limiting the valleys of large rivers and Lake Teletskoye, the relative heights within which do not exceed 1000 m. Its lower boundary is Lake Teletskoye. The height of the latter above sea level is 436 meters. The upper - horizontal 1500-1600 m. The belt of alpine ridges occupies the highest parts of the ridges, composed mainly of rocks of the metamorphic series (crystalline schists) with intrusions of igneous rocks (granites, granodiorites, diorites). The belt of alpine ridges is distinguished within the Abakan ridge, the Kurkure and Katu-Yaryk ridges, as well as Shapshalsky. These ridges owe their outlines to the activity of ancient glacial erosion and modern weathering processes.

Quaternary glaciation, erosion and frost weathering, as well as cyclonic atmospheric activity played a significant role in modeling the relief. The main forms of relief of the Shapshalsky ridge are pointed peaks and carlings, cirques, trough valleys, landslides, screes, frost-solifluction formations. The Dzhulukul basin is characterized by moraine hills and ridges with a large number of lake basins. On the adjacent to the lake. Dzhulukul territory with gently undulating relief forms contains cryostructural formations of the seasonal thawing layer, which are represented by medallion spots. Thickets of round-leaved, gnarled, difficult-to-pass birch trees, moss cover in damp areas and clusters of alpine willows stretch over long distances. In some places, areas of larch and cedar forest begin to wedge into the tundra along the mountain slopes, often cut off from the main tracts. The relatively calm relief of the second belt, occupied by coniferous forests in the northern half of the reserve and tundra in the southern half, abruptly gives way to the steep forms of the first belt. The latter is characterized by deeply incised river valleys, gorges with rocks and screes, hanging valleys of minor tributaries, and waterfalls.

The Alpine ridge belt is completely occupied by rocky tundra. The area of ​​leveling surfaces occupies a dominant place on the territory of the reserve. Upper-level planation surfaces either adjoin alpine ridges or are the flat tops of low ridges. These include the domed peak of the Korbu ridge and the highlands of the southern part of the reserve - the Chulyshman plateau. The latter has a flat, swampy surface with clear traces of ancient glacial activity in the form of piles of rounded boulders (Fig. 5P), curly rocks, and numerous small lakes with flat shores formed as a result of moraine damming. Just as in the area of ​​alpine ridges, frost weathering processes dominate here. All high-level leveling surfaces are occupied by gravelly-lichen and moss-shrub tundra.

Leveling surfaces of the lower level are located along the slopes of the Abakan ridge, south of the Kurkure ridge, in the Chulyshman part. This also includes isolated flat-topped loaches in the Kamga Reggae Basin. The leveling surfaces abruptly break off, forming a sharp transition to the lower relief zone. The total area of ​​these landforms is small, despite their significant altitudinal extent. This includes large slopes of river valleys and steep shores of Lake Teletskoye. These slopes are rocky, treeless in the upper part, and occupied by forest or steppe areas below. These are the youngest forms of relief, currently undergoing strong changes. The steep slopes of trading valleys are extremely favorable places for mountain falls to occur. All steep slopes are crossed by countless gutters and narrow ruts - paths for falling rocky blocks. These gutters, overgrown with grass and shrubs, are clearly distinguished by their lighter color against the dark green background of woody vegetation. Rockfalls often result in large talus cones, sometimes reaching enormous sizes. So in the river valley Chulyshman v. village Koo M.S. Kaletskaya (1939) described a scree cone rising 200 m above the valley bottom.

River valleys are a very unique element of the relief. The sources of most rivers begin on the flat tops of a plateau of small lakes and their valleys in the upper reaches are flat, swampy and treeless (the exception is the rivers of the northern part of the reserve, originating from mountains covered with forest. [Chronicle of Nature of the Altai Reserve, 1932-1935, 1959].

Hydrology and hydrography

The territory of the reserve is limited from the west by the Chulyshman River and Lake Teletskoye. The right half of the basin of Lake Teletskoye and Chulyshman, as well as the upper reaches of the Big Abakan, make up the hydrographic network of the reserve. The entire territory of the reserve is literally penetrated by large and small mountain streams. These rivers are fast and usually have rapids in their lower reaches. In the middle and lower reaches of the river valleys become narrow, steep, the flow is stormy and fast, often in this section of the river there is a continuous chain of waterfalls. For example, on the Chulcha River. They often fall down from a height of 600-800 m, representing a chain of water cascades following each other. For this reason, most of the tributaries of Lake Teletskoye and Chulyshman are fishless. The same can be said about lakes located in circuses. Many of the rivers of the reserve, in relation to Lake Teletskoye or large rivers of which they are tributaries, have hanging valleys that break off into waterfalls at their confluence. For example, the river has this character of the valley. Kishte flowing down from the Korbu ridge. The rivers Kamga with tributaries B. Shaltan and M. Shaltan, Kokshi with tributaries Kotagach and Tuzaktu, Chelyush, Boskon, Kyga with tributaries Bayas, Kolyushtu, Tushke and, Kairu, Chulcha with tributaries Suryaza, Saigonysh, Yakhonsoru, Karagem and Kurkure, Shavla with Tributaries Kyzyl-Kochko, Ongurash, Mendukem are the largest tributaries of Lake Teletskoye. But the most large influx- Chulyshman River, with tributaries Ozunoyu and Bogoyash. The source of the Chulyshman River is Lake Dzhulukul, which lies 220 km from Lake Teletskoye, at an altitude of 2176 m. The basin of the river. Chulyshman is equal to 17,600 km 2 [Chronicle of the nature of the Altai Nature Reserve, 1932-1935, 1959].

The area of ​​Lake Julukul is a lake plateau. Throughout its entire length it bears the characteristic features of a glacial landscape [Chronicle of Nature of the Altai Reserve, 1959]. The water area of ​​Lake Julukul is 29.5 km. The length of the lake, as the distance between the two most distant points, is 10.8 km (the distance between the sources of the Chulyshman River and the mouth of the Verkhniy Chulyshman River). The average width of the lake is 2.7 km, and the maximum is 4.1 km (defined as perpendicular to the length line of the lake at its widest point. The length of the coastline is about 28 km. The maximum depth of the lake according to the expedition of the Russian Geographical Society (RGO) led by P .G. Ignatova (1901) is 6.4 m (Fig. 12P) [Selegey, 2006].

At the confluence of the river Teletskoye Lake. Chulyshman reaches up to 100 m in width, with a depth of 1-3 m, and the Chebach channel has 30 m in width and a depth of up to 3 m. The river flow speed. Chulyshman according to the observations of S.G. Lepneva, near the mouth near the coast is 0.44 m/sec (VII. 1, 1928) - 0.52 m/sec (VII. 14, 1930). The flow speed in the Chebach channel is much weaker. The Chulyshman River carries into Lake Teletskoye a significant amount of alluvium with a predominance of sand and small gravel, which, when flowing into the lake, forms a vast delta with islands and shallows. Water temperature in the river Chulyshman during the summer months, from the second half of June to September, does not fall below 100 C. Of the salt composition ingredients in the water of the river. Chulyshman biocarbonates SiO2 were determined, the content of which is very close to their content in the water of Lake Teletskoye, where CO2 in biocarbonate compounds is about 35-40 m/l, and about 4 m/l (Alekin, 1934). Water flow in the river Chulyshman reaches 582 m3/sec (June), falling in winter to 25 m3/sec (December) [Chronicle of Nature of the Altai Reserve, 1959]. Most of the reserve's rivers begin on the Abakan and Shapshalsky ridges and their spurs, crossing the territory in a latitudinal direction. In the northern part of the Yaili section, the rivers flow in a meridional direction from north to south. The Bogoyash River, originating at the junction of the Kuraisky ridge and the Chikhachev ridge, flows in a north-eastern direction before its confluence with the Chulyshman River. The hydrography of the reserve is composed of a huge number of lakes connected by channels. Almost all lakes in the reserve are located in the high mountain zone. The origin of lake basins is associated with the activity of glaciers. Lakes formed in the recesses of ancient valley moraines are developed in the landscape of the ancient ash plain. They are usually shallow and have gently sloping banks. Moraine-dammed lakes represent the most picturesque elements of mountain landscapes (Fig. 13P). Their depth is significant. Depending on their altitude, they are surrounded by forests or steep rocky slopes. Tarn lakes have an oval, sometimes round shape and steep shores. Sometimes trails of scree descend into the lakes. The depth of karst lakes is significant - up to 35-50 m. Thermokarst lakes are found only in the development zone permafrost(Fig. 14P). They are characterized by small sizes and very shallow depths [Project for the organization and development of forestry of the Altai State Nature Reserve, 1982]. Table 1P shows some data on individual protected water bodies.

Characteristics of some lakes of the Altai Nature Reserve

Name	Main Dimensions
Podgoltsovoye	The shape is oblong-oval; surface area - 0.197 km2; length - 810 m; maximum width - 350 m; maximum depth - 27 m with an average depth of 12.4 m. The volume of water mass is about 2443 thousand m3. Coastline weakly meandered flock; coastal development coefficient - 1.2.
	Surface area - 0.687 km2, length - 1425 m; maximum width - 688 m; maximum depth - 51 m with an average depth of 16.4 m. Volume of water mass - 11267 thousand m3.
	Mirror area 1.86 km2; length - 4600 m; maximum width - 775 m; the maximum depths in the northern, expanded part of the reservoir are up to 40 m. The volume of the water mass is about 36,181 thousand m3.
Lower Cheybokkel	Area 1.91 km2; length - 3025 m; maximum width - 1050 m; maximum depth - 26 m; the volume of water mass is about 26917 thousand m3.
Terenkel	Mirror area - 2.09 km2; length - 3700 m; maximum width - 825 m; maximum depth - 34 m with an average depth of 12.5 m. The volume of water is 26138 thousand m3.
	Mirror area 0.91 km2; length - 1288 m; maximum width - 1125m; maximum depth is 4 m with an average depth of 2 m. The volume of water mass is about 1822 thousand m3.
Glubokoye	Area - 0.36 km2; length - 1100m; maximum width - 550m; maximum depth - 21 m. Volume of water mass - about 4670 thousand m3.
Dam	Area 0.23 km2; length - 1150 m; maximum width - 280 m; maximum - 26 m with an average depth of 12.2 m. Volume of water mass - 2782 thousand m3.
	Area - 1.55 km2; length - 2338 m; width - up to 1100 m; maximum depth is 8 m with an average depth of 3.4 m. The volume of water mass is about 5253 thousand m3.
Upper Irregular	Mirror area - 1.51 km2; length - 3775 m; width - up to 950 m; maximum depth - 5 m with an average depth of 1.5 m. The volume of water mass is 2265 thousand m3.
	Area - 2.04 km2; length - 3325m; maximum width - 1025m; maximum depth is 22 m with an average depth of 10.9 m. The volume of water mass is about 22,280 thousand m3.
	Area - 0.84 km2; length - 1600m; maximum width - 1025m; the maximum depths in the southeastern extended part of the reservoir are 10.6 m with an average depth of 4.5 m (Fig. 13). Where is the drawing? The volume of water mass is 3780 thousand m3.
Unexpected	Surface area - 0.49 km2; length - 1150 m; maximum width - 600 m; maximum depth - 22 m; the volume of water mass is 7282 thousand m3.
Beautiful	Area - 2.12 km2; length - 2350 m; maximum width - 1350 m; maximum depth is 19.8 m with an average depth of 7.4 m. The volume of water mass is about 15,703 thousand m3.
	Area - 0.024 km2; length - 250 m; width - up to 150 m; the maximum depth is 12 m and with an average depth of 6.6 m. The volume of water mass is 158 thousand m3.
Sostukel	Area - 0.24 km2; length - 720 m; average width - 333 m; the maximum depth is about 4 m with an average depth of 1.5 m. The volume of water is 360 thousand m3.
Drumlinnoe	Area - 0.12 km2; length - 875m; maximum width - 175 m; depth - 7.4 m with an average depth of 4.6 m. The volume of water is 552 thousand m3.
Western Pakyyash	Area - 0.403 km2; length - 1475 m; maximum width - 338 m; maximum depth - 2 m; water volume - 604 thousand m3.
	Area - 0.253 km2, length - 1025 m; maximum width - 625m; maximum depth - 1.9 m; water volume - 329 thousand m3.

Lake Teletskoye, partly included in the territory of the reserve, is one of the most significant recreational sites in the Altai Mountains. Lake Teletskoye is located in a mountain fault in the northeastern part of Altai at the junction with the Western Sayan Mountains. The largest lake in Altai, it lies at an altitude of 436 meters above sea level, surrounded by high mountain ranges Altyn-Tu (2465 m), Korbu (2059 m), Torot (1342 m) and others. There are practically no islands and peninsulas on the lake, with the exception of small rocky outcroppings near Cape Azhi, Cape Chichelgan and some others. There are few coves and bays. The largest bays are located in the protected area: Kamginsky (area 6.5 km2) and Kyginsky (area 3.1 km2). Lake Teletskoye is classified as a basin-type lake of tectonic origin. About 70 rivers and more than 150 temporary watercourses flow into Lake Teletskoye. The lake is the largest reservoir fresh water in Siberia. According to estimates by the Institute of Water and Environmental Problems (IWEP), Teletskoye water would be enough to supply Russia for 3 years fresh water(subject to daily consumption of 250 liters of water by each resident of the Russian Federation). The total volume of water is 41.1 km3. Table 2P shows the main characteristics of the large tributaries of Lake Teletskoye.

Characteristics of the main tributaries flowing into Lake Teletskoye (with the exception of the Chulyshman River)*.

	S catchment area, km2	Average catchment height, m	River length	River slope in m I km
Chulyshman
Big Corbu

* [Project for the organization and development of forestry of the Altai State Reserve, 1982].

A large volume of water, intensive external water exchange, protection of more than half of the lake’s water area, as well as the concentration of the main anthropogenic load in its northern part ensure the cleanliness of the lake’s waters.

Lake Teletskoye contains great amount- 40 billion cubic meters - excellent fresh water, clean, oxygenated. Due to its morphogenetic, hydrochemical, hydrobiological and other features, Lake Teletskoye occupies a special position among the lakes of Russia and the world. According to previous studies, the lake is an ultra-oligotrophic flowing limnogeosystem with active water exchange, which has preserved the natural chemical composition of the water, but at the same time is very sensitive to natural and anthropogenic influences

Rare species of the reserve

The Altai Nature Reserve is one of the five nature reserves in Russia with the highest biological diversity.

On the territory of the Altai Nature Reserve there is 1500 species of higher vascular plants, of which 22 species are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation:
Lake sorrel - Isoetes lacustris L(The species is endangered. Listed in the Red Book of Russia in 2008. Status: 2 (V). Vulnerable species), Feather grass - Stipa pennata L.(Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008, Red Book of Mongolia. Vulnerable species. Reducing population size. Status: 2 (V)), Zalesski's feather grass - Stipa zalesskii Wilensky(Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008. Status. III category. Rare species), Siberian Kandyk - Erythronium sibiricum(Fisch. et Mey) Kryl. (Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008 Status. III category. Rare species), Lady's slipper swollen Cypripedium ventricosum Sw. Lady's slipper - Cypripedium calceolus L.(Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008 Status. 3 (R). Rare species.), Large-flowered lady's slipper - Cypripedium macranthon Sw.(Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008 Status. 3 (R). Rare species.), Epipogium aphyllum(F.W.Schmidt) Sw. (Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008 Status. 4 (1). Species with uncertain status.), Neottianthe cucullata(L.) Schecht. (Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008 Status. 3 (R). Rare species.), Liparis loeselii (L.) Rich (Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008 Status. 3 (R). Rare species.), Baltic fingerweed - Dactylorhiza baltica(Klinge) Orlova (Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008 Status. 2 (U). Vulnerable species with uncertain status.), Orchis militaris L.(Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008 Status. 3 (R). Rare species.), Altai rhubarb - Rheum altaicum Losinsk.(Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008. Resource plant, endemic Status: 3 (R). Rare species), Unfound fighter - Aconitum decipiens Worosch. et Anfalov (Red Data Book of the Russian Federation 2008. Status: 2 (V). Vulnerable species. Altai-Tuva endemic), Pascoe's wrestler - Aconitum paskoi Worosch. (Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008. Status. 3 (R). Rare species. Endemic), Oxytropis physocarpa Ledeb. (Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008 Status: 3 (R). Rare species. Endemic to South-Eastern Altai and South-Western Tuva), Chuy's oysterwort - Oxytropis tschujae Siberian toothed tooth Dentaria sibirica(Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008. Status: 3 (R). Rare species. Altai-Sayan Endemic), Dendranthema sinuatum(Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008. Status: 2 (V). Vulnerable species. Endemic to Altai,), Volodushka Martyanov - Bupleurum martjanovii(Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008. Altai-Sayan endemic Status: 3 R). Rare view. Endemic to the mountains of Southern Siberia), Rhodiola rosea L.(Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008 Status: 3 (R). Rare species), Altai Kostenets Asplenium altajense(Kom.) Grub. (Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008. Status. 4 (I). Species with uncertain status. Relict of the Tertiary flora. Paleoendem.).
49 plant species are listed in the Red Book of the Altai Republic.

Rare species of insects of the Altai Nature Reserve. Red Book of the Russian Federation: Rhymnus blueberry - Neolycaena rhymnus Common Apollo - Parnassius apollo(Category and status - 2nd declining species. Listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation 2001), Erebia Kindermanni - Wikiwand Erebia Kindermanni(Category and status - 2 species declining in numbers. Listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation 2001).
Species recorded in the territory adjacent to the reserve, i.e. the presence of which on the territory of the reserve is possible: Mnemosyne - Parnassius mnemosyne (Category and status - 2 species declining in numbers. Listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation 2001)

Mammals lives on the territory of the Altai Nature Reserve 70 types. Of these, two species are listed in the International Red Book (IUCN) - Snow leopard - Uncia uncia, Altai mountain sheep - Ovis ammon ammon, Siberian musk deer - Moschus moschiferus. Listed in the Red Book of Russia reindeer (forest subspecies)- Rangifer tarandus.

On the territory of the Altai Nature Reserve lives 59 rare and endangered animal species, which is about 52% of all animal species protected in the Altai Republic. Listed in the Red Book of the Altai Republic 8 types of bats, whose habitat is the Altai Nature Reserve (Whiskered bat, Brandt's bat, Ikonnikova's bat, Water bat, Brown long-eared bat, Rufous noctule, Northern leather bat, Great tubebill).

For the period from 1990 to 2014, based on field observations at different times of the year, monitoring observations and an inventory of the avifauna of the reserve were carried out, common list birds since the organization of the Altai Nature Reserve amounted to 334 species, of which 184 are nesting; another 13 taxa may be nesting. Over the past 50 years, previously nesting species have not been encountered: bean goose (Anser fabalis), peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus), crake (Porzana porzana) and black-headed gull (Larus ichthyaetus) [Folitarek, Dementyev, 1938; Irisov, 1963], and also three species noted earlier were not found: the white-fronted goose, the blacking and bustard [Folitarek, Dementyev, 1938; Dulcate, 1949]. Nesting of rare species of birds included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation has been established: steppe eagle (Aquila rapax), white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla), gray crane (Grus grus) and demoiselle crane (Anthropoides virgo), as well as godwit (Limosa limosa ), Mongolian bullfinch (Bucanes mongolicus) and gray-headed bunting (Emberiza spodocephala); For the first time in the reserve and the Altai Republic, rare species of birds from the Red Book of the Russian Federation were noted: Dalmatian pelican (Pelecanus crispus) and stilt (Himantopus himantopus). Taking into account the above information, the modern list of avifauna is 331 species. 12 types listed in the IUCN Red List of Red List - Dalmatian pelican Pelecanus crispus, Red-breasted goose Rufibrenta ruficollis, Red-breasted goose Anas formosa, White-eyed pochard (duck) Aythya nyroca, Steppe harrier Circus macrourus, Greater spotted eagle Aquila clanga, Imperial Eagle Aquila heliaca, Long-tailed eagle Haliaeetus leuc oryphus, Orlan -white-tailed vulture Haliaeetus albicilla, Black vulture Aegypius monachus, Steppe kestrel Falco naumanni, Bustard Otis tarda.

23 species are listed in the Red Book of Russia: Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia, Black stork Ciconia nigra, Common flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus, Black goose Branta bernicla hrota, Bar-headed goose Eulabeia indica, Osprey Pandion haliaetus, Steppe eagle Aquila rapax, Golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos, Bearded vulture Gypaetus barbatus , Gyrfalcon Falco rusticolus, Saker Falcon Falco cherrug, Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus, Demoiselle Anthropoides virgo, Houbara Chlamidotis undulate, Great Bustard Burhinus oedicnemus, Stilt Himantopus himantopus, Oystercatcher (mainland subspecies) Haematopus ostralegus, Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta, Greater curlew Numenius arquata, Black-headed Lark Larus ichthyaetus, Eagle Owl Bubo bubo, Mongolian Lark Melancorypha mongolica, Pink Pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus.

Visit to the Altai Nature Reserve. Ecotourism.

In accordance with the regulations of the Federal State Institution "Altai state reserve»staying on the territory of the Altai Nature Reserve without special permission or a pass is prohibited. It is permitted to stay on the territory for scientific research or environmental education purposes. Six ecological and educational routes of the reserve are allowed to visit to get acquainted with the nature and ethno-ecological features of the territory. The main categories of visitors are schoolchildren, students, volunteers, research fellows, tourists. To visit the reserve, you must contact the central office of the reserve approximately 2-3 months before the time of visit to receive all necessary information and passes. Issuance of seasonal permits to shipowners and drivers of small vessels

Geographical location of the reserve:

The Altaisky State Nature Reserve is located in the northeastern part of the Altai Republic, on the territory of the Turachaksky and Ulagansky districts. The central estate of the reserve is located in the village of Yailyu, the main office is in the city of Gorno-Altaisk, the capital of the Altai Republic.

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You can get to the village by car or regular bus. Artybash is the mouth of Lake Teletskoye, then there is a lake connection.
. By car you can get to the village of Yailyu, the central estate of the Altai Nature Reserve.

Lake connection (in summer):

Motor ships, boats and motor boats - throughout the entire summer period. Transportation is carried out by private entrepreneurs.

Accommodation:

In the villages of Yogach and Artybash, located near the reserve, at the mouth of Lake Teletskoye, there is a network of campsites, tourist centers and “green houses”. In the village Artybash operates an Information Center of the Altai Nature Reserve, where you can find out all the information about accommodation, excursion and other tourist services. There is a guest house in the village of Yailyu. Also in the village of Yailyu, accommodation is possible in “green houses” local residents by prior arrangement. Accommodation for the purpose of recreation is not expected at the cordons.

Communications and electricity:

Electricity, cellular communications, Internet - in the village. Artybash, Yogach. All cordons of the reserve are equipped with communications equipment (walkie-talkies). Radio communication sessions take place at strictly set times several times a day.

In the village of Yailyu, a Beeline cellular communication station was launched in 2014, which is still operating in test mode. At the southern tip of Lake Teletskoye, at the Bele and Chiri cordons mobile operator MTS.

Health care:

The nearest hospital is located in the village. Iogach. The paramedic station is located in the village of Yailyu.

Routes used by the reserve for environmental education purposes:

• Chichelgan zigzag
• Belinskaya terrace
• Korbu Waterfall
• Bascon Waterfall
• Kokshi Waterfall
• Waterfall Uchar

The villages of Yogach and Artybash are located on the territory of a UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site, in the cooperation zone of the Altai State Natural Biosphere Reserve.

Lake Teletskoye is a shrine of many Asian peoples, a temple of virgin wild nature, a natural repository of the purest fresh water, a Place of Power.
We ask you to respect not only the unique nature of Lake Teletskoye, but also the people, especially children, living on its shores.
In the villages of Yogach and Artybash, it is necessary to observe basic rules for being in public places.

The reserve's vegetation is represented by several types of communities - forests, alpine tundra, meadows, swamps and steppes. Diversity in vegetation cover determined by both altitudinal zonation and rich flora.

Several types of forest can be distinguished in the reserve. Small-leaved and mixed forests are the so-called secondary forests that arose on the site of the indigenous type of forest, which was destroyed as a result of destructive external factors, such as human economic activity, a strong fire, an avalanche (mudflow), etc. In the reserve they are found in mainly along the Priteletsky slopes, in places of active economic activity humans, and rarely in the southern parts. These are species such as birch and aspen. The undergrowth is represented by various types of shrubs - spirea (meadowsweet), caragana (acacia), rowan.

Along the river valleys in the Priteletskaya part there are floodplain alder forests with low and sparse grass cover.
In addition to small-leaved forests, secondary forest types also include mixed forests of small-leaved and coniferous trees. The herbaceous cover is well developed, usually represented by forbs, but there are mixed forests with dominance in the herbaceous layer of a certain species or genus - ferns (usually bracken), bergenia, and grasses.

In the protected area, separate tracts of pine forests are noted on the eastern and northern coasts of Lake Teletskoye, along the valleys of the Kyga and Shavla rivers, and some tributaries of the Chulyshman. They usually occupy the alluvial cones of smaller rivers. The undergrowth is represented by different types of shrubs, often maral grass (Daurian rhododendron). There are white moss pine forests with a developed ground cover of bushy lichens.

Larch forests usually belong to park-type forests. In the reserve they are found in island stands in the Priteletskaya part and along the slopes of the Chulyshman valley, but are most common in the central and southern parts of the reserve. These are the valleys of the right tributaries of the Chulyshman, in particular the Chulcha and Shavla. The undergrowth may be honeysuckle, but birchberry predominates. Herbaceous forms are found in small numbers and rarely.

Fir trees in the reserve are represented only in its northern Priteletskaya part of the reserve, and in small stands in the river basin. Shawly. The undergrowth is varied, but sparse. The grass cover is often covered with fern thickets; blueberries and cereals are also found. Among fir trees there are often swampy hollows with a significant presence of sphagnum moss, a well-developed herbaceous cover and the absence of a tree layer.

Cedar forests are found in almost all parts of the reserve except the south of the Dzhulukul depression. Based on the nature of the undergrowth and herbaceous cover, the following types of cedar forests are distinguished: green moss, grass (fern, reed, bergenia and forbs), long-moss dwarf birch, mountain meadow and lichen. Long-moss pine trees are found mainly in the upper mountain belt (1500 - 2000 m). Siberian spruce quite rarely forms pure stands on the territory of the reserve. Such forests are found on the Chulyshman plateau along river banks and sphagnum swamps. The undergrowth usually includes willow, caragana (acacia), honeysuckle, and maral grass. The herbaceous layer is dominated by lingonberries.

Mixed forests of cedar and fir are found only in the Priteletskaya part, usually in the lower part of the mountains; small areas of this forest are possible in the river basin. Shawly.
Another type mixed forest formed by cedar and larch. This type of forest is found mainly in the upper forest belt of the mountains (1500 - 2000 m), in the central and southern parts of the reserve. These forests can be divided into the following groups: lichen, herbaceous, green moss, long-moss. The undergrowth is formed by round-leaved birch (ernik), a herbaceous-shrub layer of lingonberries and/or blueberries. The forest-forming species of the next forest type are represented by spruce, cedar and larch. Typically, such forests do not occupy large spaces and are transitional types of forest. Just like the forests listed above, they are divided into certain types: green moss, long-moss and grass.

The meadow type of vegetation of the reserve is not allocated to a separate zone and is divided into the following types. Steppe meadows are found on the eastern shore of Lake Teletskoye, in the river basin. Chulchi (especially along the Yakhonsor and Suryaza rivers and in the Kumyrskhalu tract), along Shavla, Chulyshman and in some other places. These meadows are characterized by a large number of cereals and an average grass height of no more than 60 cm. They are confined to less dry habitats, often on slopes with a southern exposure. Forest meadows are found in the forest belt, among forests, along streams and rivers. These meadows are usually composed of tall and broad grass species. They are characterized by high and dense grass, with a height of up to 2.5 m. In the subalpine zone, the meadows of the reserve play a subordinate role, occupying mainly small depressions. Only in certain areas of the Abakan ridge, the upper reaches of the river. Chulchi and the right bank of the river. Shavli subalpine meadows are represented over large areas. They are characterized by a rich floristic composition. The dominant species include broadleaf bitterleaf, raponticum safflower or maral root, Lobel's hellebore, swimsuit, columbine, South Siberian kopek, sayanella strange, etc.
Subalpine meadows can be divided into two types: long-grass and short-grass. Flowering species are common in low subalpine meadows. Alpine meadows develop on saddles, in hollows, and near snowfields. The predominant species are Altai violet, Altai oleaginium, gentian cumulus, and Altai ranunculus. These meadows are found quite rarely in the reserve - on the Abakan ridge, in the upper reaches of Chulcha and Shavla, next to snowfields and glaciers.
High-mountain tundras occupy large areas in the reserve and are divided into certain types. The swampy birch tundra is the most widespread grouping on the Chulyshman Highlands. The upper tier is dominated by round-leaved birch (ernik), which along the banks of streams gives way to willows and partly Kuril tea. The soil is very swampy. The herbaceous cover consists mainly of sedges, grasses, cotton grass, knotweed and some others. Among the described tundra there are grassy areas, which in closed depressions and along the shores of lakes turn into grassy and hummocky swamps with sedge thickets. Moss cover is usually not pronounced, but isolated patches of moss may occur. Lichen-birnie tundra occurs on rocky soils and is characterized by two distinct tiers - shrubby (yernik), which consists of round-leaved birch and willow; lichen layer, up to 15 cm thick, of fruticose lichens. The herbaceous layer is not expressed and is found in isolated specimens. Moss-bush tundra is found in upper limit forests. A well-developed layer of dwarf birch and an almost continuous moss carpet are the main distinguishing features of this type of tundra. The species composition of the herbaceous layer is very poor, and the herbaceous layer itself is not very developed. Shrub tundras are characterized by a well-developed layer of espaliered shrubs - dryad sharp-toothed (partridge grass) and almost-holarctic crows predominate here. In addition, there are a small number of grasses - grasses, sedges, forbs, as well as mosses and lichens. Moss-lichen tundra is confined mainly to wide open valleys of sources, where it occupies slightly convex slopes of hillocks, wide dry hollows and flat areas. Rubble-lichen tundra is found on dry gravelly slopes and the tops of secondary ridges. The main feature of this type of tundra is rockiness; in addition, there is no continuous cover of grasses, shrubs or shrubs - only individual specimens or small groups of them are found. The ground cover is composed of lichens. Small swamps are often found in depressions of the relief. Rocky tundra is found among coarse gravel and small boulder placers, in cracks and crevices of rocks. They form isolated patches of vegetation from several types of grasses - grasses, sedges, alpine species, shrubs and/or shrubs, and, in addition, mosses and lichens grow here. In moist places, an almost continuous carpet of moss develops, with a small admixture of grasses (usually sedges or grasses) and shrubs - willow, dwarf birch. In drier areas, various grasses begin to dominate the cover composition. This type of tundra is found high in the mountains.

The marsh type of vegetation in the reserve is poorly developed. In the Priteletskaya part, swamps occupy only small areas, and are more developed on the right bank of the river. Chulchi (especially in the area of ​​Lake Saigonysh). The reserve's swamps can be divided into two main types. Green moss swamps occupy small depressions on slopes, in places of excess moisture, or along rivers and streams.

They are characterized by a continuous moss cover of green moss with small admixtures of sedges or shrubs - lingonberries or cranberries. Herbaceous swamps are more widespread than the previous type and are characterized by a well-developed herbaceous layer. The species composition of grasses is quite poor and usually in such cenoses sedges and cotton grass dominate with a small admixture of other species. Mosses are also found, but usually their projective cover is relatively small. Such swamps can develop when small lakes become overgrown, forming a coastal strip of swamps, which, when approaching the water, turn into thickets of hydrophytes. Usually these are separate types of sedges that form almost pure thickets. There may be transitional forms between these two types of bogs. In the highlands, swamps are usually mixed with swampy tundra, from which they differ in the almost complete absence of tree species, which can only be found in isolated specimens.

The mountain steppes of the reserve occupy separate areas in the Chulyshman valley and in the lower reaches of its tributaries - Kaira, Chulcha, Aksu, Chakrym, Shavla and on the eastern coast of Lake Teletskoye. Distinctive features include the dominance of turf grasses and/or wormwood in the herbaceous cover. They are divided into two types - high-mountain steppes in the southern high-mountain part, and valley steppes in the northern mid-mountain part of the reserve. There are steppes on dry slopes with predominantly southern exposure. In percentage terms, they occupy 2% of the territory.

Despite the rich hydrographic network, aquatic vegetation is poorly developed in the reserve. There are thickets of macrophytes in the protected part of Lake Teletskoye in the Kamginsky and Kyginsky bays, near Cape Azhi and the mouth of the river. Oyor. They are formed mainly by species from the family. Pondweed. Representatives of the same family are also common in the lake. Julukul. In small lakes in the central and southern parts of the reserve, northern bramble, Gmelin's buttercup, water mulberry, alpine pondweed, etc. are found. Communities of hydrophytes develop around overgrown small lakes or overflowing streams. This is the so-called coastal or near-water vegetation. Usually these are pure thickets of one species or a community of 2 or 3 species - sedges, reeds, burrs, buttercups. Communities of hydrophytes are also found on pebble shallows of rivers.

The territory of the reserve is located in the Altai - Sayan mountainous country and the diversity of mountain landscapes had a significant impact on faunal richness.
The diversity of invertebrate animals is great and is still waiting for its researchers.

Relatively details There is information about the fauna of stoneflies, dragonflies, mayflies, caddisflies, lepidoptera, coleoptera, bugs, springtails.

Fish in the reserve are represented by 19 species, most of which are found in Lake Teletskoye: pike, perch, burbot, Teletskoye whitefish, etc. The most common fish species in other reservoirs of the reserve is grayling. Taimen and lenok are also found. Whitefish Pravdina is found only in Lake Teletskoye.

Currently, the reptile fauna of the reserve includes six species: sand lizard (Lacerta agilis) and viviparous lizard (Lacerta vivipara), patterned snake (Elaphe dione), common copperhead (Agkistrodon halys), common viper (Vipera berus) and steppe viper (Vipera ursini).

The fauna of amphibians or amphibians is represented by two species: the sharp-faced frog (Rana arvalis), which is common in the reserve, and the gray toad (Bufo bufo), the distribution of which in the reserve is limited to the Priteletsky region.
Of the 343 species of birds recorded in the Altai Mountains, 331 species from 19 orders are registered in the Altai Nature Reserve. The majority (47.9%) are passerines (159 species), Charadriiformes (48), Falconiformes (30) and Anseriformes (29); the remaining 66 species from 14 orders account for only 19.9%.

The breeding bird fauna of the reserve currently numbers 177 species. The category of migrants includes 29 species, vagrants - 60. Overwinters - 97, of which 66 species are sedentary.

At the moment, they have stopped nesting on the territory of the reserve. various reasons 10 species of birds. The bean gooseberry Anser fabalis (taiga subspecies middendorffii) stopped nesting, mainly as a result of direct destruction. Now in the Altai Mountains it nests only on the Ukok plateau (Malkov, Malkov, 1995), the same can be said about the peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus. It is currently nesting in the adjacent territory in the valley of the river. Chulyshman (Mitrofanov, 1995). The black-headed gull Larus ichthyaetus is displaced from nesting sites by more flexible species (herring gull Larus argentatus and great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo). Black-necked grebe Podiceps nigricollis and stonechat Sacxicola rubetra indicated by E.A. Irisov (1963), as nesting in the Dzhulukul depression, were subsequently not found by anyone at the nesting site there. The gray heron Ardea cinerea, the crake Porzana porzana, the sage Syrrhaptes paradoxus, the little lark Calandrella cinerea and the gray-headed bunting Emberiza spodocephala disappeared due to the removal of their nesting territory from the reserve and, partly, from the increased anthropogenic load by the middle of the century.
In the second half of the 20th century, 40 species appeared on the list of nesting species of the reserve’s avifauna. For some species, the protected area is the only or main nesting site in the Altai Mountains, these are the black-throated loon, great cormorant, whooper swan, humpbacked scoter and white-tailed eagle. To the list of species published by V.A. Stakheev (2000) added 17 more species. Almost all of them (except for the Siberian moth and northern warbler, which nest) are vagrant species.

Of particular note is the distribution of synanthropic species throughout the reserve. There are six of them in the reserve. Two - house sparrows (Passer domesticus) and field sparrows (Passer montanus) have retained their nesting territories. The latter has decreased in the number of nesting pairs, which is associated with a general reduction in grain crops in the valley of the river. Chulyshman. The common starling nests periodically in the reserve, using natural hollows. Three other species: rock pigeon, magpie and carrion crow nested in the late 90s. (Mitrofanov, 1990). The rock pigeon entered the village. Yailyu and on the village of Yazula, and the magpie and the black crow nested on the Yailinskaya terrace and in the Dzhulukulskaya basin (2200 m a.s.l.). Currently, the black crow has settled throughout the valley from the source of the river. Biya to the upper reaches of the river. Chulyshman, and magpie nests to a limited extent in the vicinity of the village. Yayl and through the island larch forests of the Dzhulukul depression. The increase in the number of synanthropic species in the reserve is caused by an increase in anthropogenic pressure in adjacent territories and the approach of the cultivated landscape to its borders.
The fauna of the order of insectivorous mammals is represented by eleven species from 3 families. The most common and numerous are: common, medium and equal-toothed shrews. The Siberian shrew and the common hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor (Martin, 1838), first discovered on the territory of the reserve in 2003, are very rare.

On the territory of the Altai State Nature Reserve, 8 species of representatives of the order Chiroptera have been reliably recorded: the water bat Myotis daubentonii (Kuhl, 1817), the pond bat Myotis dasycneme (Boie, 1825), the Brandt’s bat or the forest bat Myotis brandti (Eversmann, 1845), northern bat Eptisicus nilssoni (Keyserling et Blasius, 1839), red noctule Nyctalis noctula (Schreber, 1774), brown long-eared bat Plecotus auritus (Linnaeus, 1758), great tubebill Murina leucogaster (Milne-Edwards, 1872), Ikonnikov's bat Myotis iconnikovi (Ognev , 1912).

All these species are listed in the Red Book of the Altai Republic (1996).

The order Lagomorpha is represented by two species: the mountain hare and the Altai pika. The white hare is found almost throughout the reserve, but does not reach high numbers. The Altai pika or hayfowl is found in mountain landscapes.

The most numerous, both in numbers and in the number of species (24 species), are representatives of the rodent order. On the territory of the reserve, 17 species of mouse-like rodents were recorded; in terms of numbers and biotopic distribution, they are dominated by forest voles. Typical inhabitants of the taiga are the common squirrel and the Asian chipmunk. The flying squirrel is found in the Priteletskaya part of the reserve. Larger representatives of the order of rodents, which include the gray marmot and long-tailed ground squirrel, are found only in the southern part of the reserve. Only in the Priteletskaya part of the AGPP can you find a few here common beaver and a muskrat.

Among the order of predatory mammals, the wolf, fox, and brown bear are common in the reserve.

There is an increase in the influence of wolf predatory activity on populations of ungulates, primarily the deer.
Of the 10 species of the mustelid family, perhaps only the sable is one of the main background species. The distribution of sable throughout the reserve is closely related to the distribution of pine, the nuts of which occupy a significant place in its diet, regardless of the abundance of other food, primarily small mammals. Small mustelids, which include weasel, weasel, and ermine, are not numerous. Over the past two decades, there has been a steady decline in the number of mink and otters in the reserve. While this is only a trend for the mink, the otter is close to completely disappearing from the reserve. Such large species of mustelids as wolverine and badger are also not numerous in the reserve, but this is due to the peculiarities of their biology. The cat family is represented in the reserve by two species: lynx and snow leopard. The latter is very rare in the reserve, lives high in the mountains, feeds mainly on Siberian goats(bunami). The snow leopard is listed in the Red Books of the IUCN, Russia (2001), and the Altai Republic (1996). Hoofed animals are represented in the reserve by red deer, roe deer, elk and forest reindeer. Maral is the most numerous species of the above listed. Roe deer are relatively few in number in the reserve. Forest reindeer are very rare. In the forest part of the reserve it is common Siberian musk deer. In the mountain ranges of the reserve you can often find the Siberian mountain goat. Altai mountain sheep (argali) live in the southern part of the reserve and in the adjacent territory. There are only a few dozen of them left as a result of predatory extermination in the adjacent territory. This species, like the snow leopard, is listed in the Red Books of the IUCN, Russia (2001), and the Altai Republic (1996). About 35 years ago, a wild boar entered the reserve from Tuva. Currently, it has spread quite widely throughout the territory, successfully reproducing and increasing its numbers. .

In the northeastern part of the Altai Republic, in a region of pristine purity and untouchable nature, on the shores of the picturesque Lake Teletskoye, the Altai Biosphere Nature Reserve stretches. The entire area of ​​its territory is 881 thousand hectares, almost 250 thousand hectares of which are forest zones, and 13 thousand hectares are reservoirs.

The Altai Nature Reserve, formed in 1932, is currently considered one of the rarest natural reserves in Russia, a pristine and little changed ecoregion. Since 1998, this protected area has been a UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site. Biological diversity within the biosphere reserve is 90%.

Features of the reserve

The vast area of ​​the natural reserve with mountain peaks, mysterious coniferous forests, alpine green meadows, mountain tundra and clear reservoirs stretches from north to south for as much as 230 km. Its complex landscape with altitudes up to 3500 m, excellent climatic zones and natural conditions provide a variety of vegetation cover.

The most common trees are fir and pine, cedar, birch and larch. Particularly important are the old highland cedar forests (with trees reaching 1.8 m in diameter), which are approximately 400 to 450 years old.

This protected area in the Altai Republic, like other reserves in Russia, is very important for the conservation of rare species of animals and plants that are at risk of possible extinction. Among them are birds - demoiselle crane, black vulture, and plants - Altai onion and rhubarb, Siberian kandyk and others. It is noteworthy that the reserve has its own coat of arms, which depicts the snow leopard, the irbis, as well as the Altai mountain sheep, the argali - the most significant and protected animals in the region.

The real kingdom of lakes is located on the territory of the reserve - there are more than 1270 large lakes, many rivers, streams and waterfalls. The unusual and beautifully transparent high-mountain lake Dzhulukul is a place where large quantities live various types birds, and also the spawning of rare and valuable fish species. It is located at an altitude of 2200 m, and its length is more than 10 km.

The main visiting card of the reserve is Lake Teletskoye; it is also called the pearl of the Altai Mountains and “little Baikal”. It is noteworthy that the border of the protected area runs in the middle of the reservoir, so tourists are allowed to openly visit it in this part. Various species composition flora and fauna are very interesting to study. Of the 1,500 species of vascular plants, 22 are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation. And 49 plants are listed in the Red Book of Altai.

Possibility of visiting

To visit the protected area, a permit or a special pass is required, so to obtain them you must first submit an application to the central office of the reserve or fill out an electronic form on the official website of the reserve.

Designed especially for tourists with an environmental focus. Eco-education is possible both in multi-day and one-day routes.

In the villages of Yogach, Yailyu and Artybash located near the reserve, camp sites, campsites and guest houses have been built. In the village of Artybash there is an information center for tourists, where you can get information about tourism services and accommodation options. In addition, some local residents offer their homes for accommodation.

Sights and monuments

During the water-footing excursion tours With environmental and educational purposes, guests of the reserve have the opportunity not only to get acquainted with the flora and fauna, but also to learn about the work of inspectors and staff of the reserve.

The routes provide an opportunity for nature lovers to explore the following attractions:

1. Korbu waterfall with an observation deck;
2. Kokshi waterfall with an observation deck;
3. Bascon Waterfall;
4. Belinskaya Terrace Orchard;
5. Chulyshman River and Inaccessible Waterfall;
6. Uchar waterfall (160 m high);

In addition to natural attractive attractions, an integral part of the reserve complex are stone monuments and ancient sculptures, the remains of burial mounds and irrigation systems, as well as other traces of the ancient peoples living on this land. Among them are monuments of Turkic times - Stone-War and Stone-Dog.

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Altai State Natural Biosphere Reserve- biosphere reserve in the mountains of Southern Siberia. Member of the Association of Nature Reserves and national parks Altai-Sayan ecoregion.

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  In 1929, by order of the State Interdepartmental Committee for the Protection and Promotion of Natural Resources, a scientific and fishing expedition was sent to Altai under the leadership of Professor V.I. Baranov with the aim of surveying the territory with a view to organizing a large reserve. According to the presented project, the future reserve was supposed to cover a huge territory of over 2 million hectares from Tuva to the Katun River. Lake Teletskoye would be in the center. The project was not destined to come to fruition. He was not approved. The decision to organize the reserve was made on May 4, 1930 by the Resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR.

  The People's Commissariat for Education was instructed to clarify the boundaries of its location, for which a second expedition was organized in 1931 under the leadership of F. F. Schillinger. The work was carried out from the beginning of autumn until the first half of winter. The future boundaries of the reserve were outlined and justified. As a result, the Oirot regional executive committee on December 10, 1931, and the Khakass regional executive committee on December 28, 1931, by special resolutions, recognized the expediency of organizing the reserve. On April 16, 1932, the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR finally approved its borders. This date is considered to be the day the reserve was founded.

  On May 27, 2009, on Jeju Island, in the Republic of Korea, during the 21st session of the International Coordinating Council of the Man and the Biosphere Program, a decision was made to include the Altai Nature Reserve in the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves (BR).

  The reserve is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation.

  Geography

  Along the boundaries of the reserve there are high ridges: in the north - the Torot ridge (a spur of the Abakan ridge, extending from it to the west almost at a right angle), in the northeast - Abakansky (Mount Sadonskaya, 2,890 m above sea level), in the extreme in the south - the spurs of the Chikhachev ridge (Mount Getedey, 3,021 m), in the east - the Shapshalsky ridge (Mount Toshkalykaya, 3,507 m). Several isolated mountain ranges are located in the center of the reserve: Kurkure (Kurkurebazhi town, 3,111 m 51°03′29″ n. w. 88°24′21″ E. d. HGIOL), Tetykol (up to 3,069 m), Chulyshmansky (Mount Bogoyash, 3,143 m). The western border runs along the Chulyshman River and Lake Teletskoye. More than 20% of the reserve's area is covered with rock, scree and pebble. The reserve has 1,190 lakes with an area of ​​more than 1 hectare each. On the Chulcha River, 8 km from the mouth, there is the largest waterfall in Altai - Bolshoi Chulchinsky (Uchar), this is a 150-meter cascade of water.

  The Altai Nature Reserve is one of the largest nature reserves in Russia, its area is 9.4% of the entire territory of the Altai Republic. The entire right bank of Lake Teletskoye and 22 thousand hectares of its water area are located in a protected area. The territory of the reserve does not have a single road (except for the recently extended crushed stone road in the north from the village of Biyka to the village of Yailyu.) The territory is practically impassable unless you use rare paths laid by foresters and staff of the reserve. However, you need to know the location of these trails well when going on a trip without a guide. A visit to the reserve is only with the permission of the administration and is issued with the appropriate pass.

  Climate

  The climate of the reserve is continental, mountainous. Depends on the terrain features. Winter on the shores of Lake Teletskoye is one of the mildest in Siberia, which is due to the influence of eastern and southeastern foehn, which are common at this time of year. Northwest winds, on the contrary, bring cooling. To the south, winter temperatures drop. Due to the elevated position of the reserve, summer is cool and absent on the mountain peaks. In the north it is humid, in the south it is drier.

  Climate of Lake Teletskoye (norm 1981-2010)
  Index	Jan.	Feb.	March	Apr.	May	June	July	Aug.	Sep.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Year
  Absolute maximum, °C	11,6	13,4	21,4	29,3	33,0	34,3	36,9	34,7	29,1	23,2	15,9	14,1	36,9
  Average temperature, °C	−7,6	−7,1	−2,3	4,0	10,1	14,2	17,3	15,7	10,2	4,5	−2	−6,1	4,2
  Absolute minimum, °C	−36,2	−38,7	−28,8	−24,3	−10,1	−1,3	1,6	0,1	−4,9	−18,7	−33	−33,5	−38,7
  Precipitation rate, mm	16	14	26	75	115	131	147	132	98	71	46	29	900
  Source:

  Flora

  On the territory of the Altai Nature Reserve there are 1,500 species of higher vascular plants, of which 22 species are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation:

  • Polushnik lake - Isoetes lacustris L(The species is endangered. Listed in the Red Book of Russia in 2008. Status: 2 (V). Vulnerable species),
  • Feather feather feathers - Stipa pennata L(Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008, Red Book of Mongolia. Vulnerable species. Reducing population size. Status: 2 (V)),
  • Kovyl Zalessky - Stipa zalesskii Wilensky(Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008. Status. III category. Rare species),
  • Kandyk Siberian - Erythronium sibiricum(Fisch. et Mey) Kryl. (Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008 Status. III category. Rare species),
  • Lady's slipper swollen Cypripedium ventricosum
  • Venus's slipper is real - Cypripedium calceolus L. (Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008 Status. 3 (R). Rare species.),
  • Lady's slipper large-flowered - Cypripedium macranthon Sw. (Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008 Status. 3 (R). Rare species.),
  • Leafless muzzle - Epipogium aphyllum(F.W.Schmidt) Sw. (Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008 Status. 4 (1). Species with uncertain status.),
  • Neottiante clopubicata - Neottianthe cucullata(L.) Schecht. (Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008 Status. 3 (R). Rare species.),
  • Liparis Lezelya - Liparis loeselii (L.) Rich (Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008 Status. 3 (R). Rare species.),
  • Fingercorn Baltic - Dactylorhiza baltica(Klinge) Orlova (Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008 Status. 2 (U). Vulnerable species with uncertain status.),
  • Helmeted Orchis - Orchis militaris L.(Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008 Status. 3 (R). Rare species.),
  • Altai rhubarb - Rheum altaicum Losinsk. (Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008. Resource plant, endemic Status: 3 (R). Rare species),
  • Wrestler unfound - Aconitum decipiens Worosch. et Anfalov (Red Data Book of the Russian Federation 2008. Status: 2 (V). Vulnerable species. Altai-Tuva endemic),
  • Wrestler Pascoe - Aconitum paskoi Worosch. (Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008. Status. 3 (R). Rare species. Endemic),
  • Olyphaus bloatulosa - Oxytropis physocarpa Ledeb. (Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008 Status: 3 (R). Rare species. Endemic to South-Eastern Altai and South-Western Tuva),
  • Chuyskiy orchard - Oxytropis tschujae
  • Siberian catfish Dentaria sibirica(Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008. Status: 3 (R). Rare species. Altai-Sayan Endemic),
  • Dendranthema emarginata - Dendranthema sinuatum(Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008. Status: 2 (V). Vulnerable species. Endemic to Altai,),
  • Volodushka Martyanova - Bupleurum martjanovii(Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008. Altai-Sayan endemic Status: 3 R). Rare view. Endemic to the mountains of Southern Siberia),
  • Rhodiola rosea Rhodiola rosea L. (Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008 Status: 3 (R). Rare species),
  • Kostenets Altai Asplenium altajense(Kom.) Grub. (Red Book of the Russian Federation 2008. Status. 4 (I). Species with uncertain status. Relict of the Tertiary flora. Paleoendem.).

  49 plant species are listed in the Red Book of the Altai Republic.

  Fauna

  Rare species of insects of the Altai Nature Reserve. Red Book of the Russian Federation: Rhymn's blueberry - Neolycaena rhymnus Common Apollo - Parnassius apollo (Category and status - 2nd declining species. Listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation 2001), Erebia Kindermanni (Category and status - 2 species declining in numbers. Listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation 2001). Species noted in the territory adjacent to the reserve, that is, the presence of which in the territory of the reserve is possible: Mnemosyne - Parnassius mnemosyne (Category and status - 2 species declining in numbers. Listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation 2001)

  Mammals lives on the territory of the Altai Nature Reserve 68 types. Of these, two species are listed in the International Red Book (IUCN) - the Snow Leopard - Uncia uncia, which is extremely rare and lives mainly high in the mountains, above the forest line. Altai mountain sheep - Ovis ammon ammon, Siberian musk deer - Moschus moschiferus. Listed in the Red Book of Russia reindeer (forest subspecies) - Rangifer tarandus . Of the mammals in the reserve, there are 11 species of insectivores, 8 bats, 2 lagomorphs, 24 rodents, 15 species of carnivores (

  On the tops Altai mountains you can see, perhaps, some of the most beautiful places on the planet - alpine meadows. The “kingdom of permafrost”, which is located above, has not yet begun here, but the monotonous tundra has already ended. Alpine meadows are found not only in the Alps. This is a collective name that is used to designate low-grass vegetation at the upper limit of its existence in the Pyrenees, Apennines, Cordillera, Caucasus and Altai. During an extremely short warm period, a real miracle is formed here - a continuous carpet of herbs and flowers.

  Lake Teletskoye is the heart of the Altai Nature Reserve, one of the most beautiful places in Siberia The Alpine meadow is truly a paradise: dozens of exotic flowers and herbs grow here
  • Full name Altai State Natural Biosphere Reserve.
  • IUCN Category: Ia (Strict Natural Reserve).
  • Date of foundation: April 16, 1932.
  • Region: mountains of Southern Siberia in the Turochaksky region of the Altai Republic.
  • Area: 882,000 hectares.
  • Relief: mountainous.
  • Climate: continental.
  • Official website: http://www.altzapovednik.ru/.
  • Email: [email protected].

  History of creation

  The Altai Nature Reserve is one of the largest in Russia. Initially, it was allocated an area of ​​up to 1.3 million hectares, but gradually they were reduced to the size that exists today. It is interesting that since 1930, a family of Old Believers hermits, the Lykovs, lived in the Altai mountains, completely unfamiliar with modern civilization.

  The Altai Nature Reserve is, without a doubt, a treasure of Russia. That is why today it is difficult to understand how it could happen that the reserve was liquidated twice - in 1951 and 1961.

  Vegetable world

  On the territory of the reserve grow 1,480 species of vascular plants from 107 families, 250 species of mosses, more than 500 algae, among which diatoms of Lake Teletskoe and other reservoirs, and about 37 species of lichens predominate. In total, about 200 plant species are endemic to this region.

  The amazingly beautiful landscapes of the Altai Nature Reserve will not leave any visitor indifferent

  The coniferous forests of the Altai Nature Reserve consist mainly of Siberian cedar (Pinus sibirica), Siberian larch (Larix sibirica) and Siberian spruce (Picea obovata). The main deciduous tree species are birch - warty birch (Betula pendula) and downy birch (Betula pubescens).

  On the mountain peaks of Altai grows the outlandish edelweiss flower (Leontopodium), translated from Greek as “lion’s paw” (from leon - “lion” and podion - “paw”). It is also called the Alpine star, the silver flower of the rocks. As an image of strong love that overcomes any obstacles, as well as a symbol of inaccessibility and good luck, this flower is found in many Altai tales and legends.

  Altai herbs... This phrase always sounds fascinating for admirers of a healthy lifestyle, because Altai means healing, rare, possessing amazing properties. But these ideas are actually close to the truth. The most common here are goldenrod (Solidago dahurica), bitterleaf (Saussurea latifolia), thistle (Cirsiurn helenioides), raponticum (leuzea) safflower, or maral root (Rhaponticum carthamoides), - a unique medicinal plant, which grows in the Altai mountains. It effectively improves immunity and promotes overall strengthening of the body. It was “suggested” to man by deer - Siberian red deer (Cervus maral).

  Animal world

  58 species of mammals, 323 of birds, 6 of reptiles, 18 of fish and about 15 of invertebrates live here.

  Wolverine is one of the most interesting animals of the Altai Nature Reserve, the largest representative of the mustelid family

  The animal world of Altai is rich and diverse: from squirrels ( Sciurus vulgaris) and Asian chipmunks (Tamias sibiricus) to deer (Cervus maral), bears ( Ursus arctos) and wolverines (Gulo gulo). One of the most notable animals is the lynx (Lynx lynx). She has mastered all the landscapes and habitats of Altai remarkably well, climbs trees, runs and swims well. Lynx fur is considered a particularly chic item, so these animals are in danger.

  Wolverine is a predatory animal of the mustelid family, resembling both a bear and a badger. Having long paws disproportionate to the proportions of the body (with a maximum body length of 86 cm, the average length of the limbs is 10 cm), the animal easily moves across the snow cover, like on skis.

  Among all the inhabitants of the reserve, birds most clearly characterize its main feature: altitudinal zonation. In general, 323 species of birds live on the territory of the Altai Nature Reserve. Black-throated loon (Gavia arctica) and red-cheeked grebe (Podiceps auritus) are found in the water bodies. In the forests you can always see the Chiffchaff (Phylloscopus collybita) and Song Thrush (Turdus philomelos).

  There are 14 species of fish in the waters of Lake Teletskoye, among which the most common are taimen (Hucho taimen), Teletskoye grayling (Thymallus arcticus), and lenok (Brachymystax lenok).

  The main attraction of the Altai Nature Reserve is Lake Teletskoye, which is 78 km long and has a maximum depth of 325 m. About 400 years ago, tribes who called themselves Teles lived along the shores of the lake, which is how this name appeared. But the local population called it Altyn-Kel - “Golden Lake”. In addition to the main river Chulyshman, 70 rivers and more than 150 temporary watercourses flow into it. Lake Teletskoye flows into the Biya River, feeding the Ob with its waters. Korbu Waterfall, a natural monument since 1978, is located at the foot of the Korbu ridge, a hundred meters from the shore of Lake Teletskoye. It, like the entire right bank of the lake, is located on the territory of the Altai Nature Reserve. The only way get to Korbu by boat on the lake. And such excursions are very popular among tourists.

  Korbu Waterfall

  In the Uimon steppe near the Chulyshman valley there is a unique natural phenomenon - stone mushrooms, rock formations that have been formed over thousands of years by erosion and weathering.

  Information for visitors

  Reserve mode

  The Altai Nature Reserve can be visited by agreement with its administration. The Teletska School of Youth Ecotourism has been established at the reserve. A number of interesting ecological routes are constantly operating.

  How to get there

  You can get to Gorno-Altaisk by train, then by car or regular bus to the village of Artybash at the mouth of Lake Teletskoye. After this there is a lake message. By car you can get to the village of Yailyu - the central estate of the Altai Nature Reserve.

  Where to stay

  In the villages of Yogach and Artybash, located near the reserve, at the mouth of Lake Teletskoye, there is a network of campsites, tourist centers and “green” houses. There is an information center of the Altai Nature Reserve, where you can find out all the information about accommodation, excursion and other tourist services. In the village of Yailyu there is a guest house, as well as “green” houses of local residents, where you can stay by prior arrangement.