Honey fungus translated from Latin into Russian means “bracelet”. This name is not at all surprising, because if you look at the stump on which honey mushrooms are most often comfortably located, you can see a peculiar form of mushroom growth in the form of a ring.
A small mushroom with a stalk up to 7 cm high and a diameter of 0.4 to 1 cm. The top of the stalk is light, smooth, the bottom of the stalk is covered with dark scales. The “skirt” is narrow, filmy, and may disappear over time; thanks to falling spores, it turns brownish. The diameter of the mushroom cap is from 3 to 6 cm. Young summer honey mushrooms are distinguished by a convex cap; as the mushroom grows, the surface flattens, but a noticeable light tubercle remains in the center. The skin is smooth, matte, honey-yellow with dark edges. In damp weather, the skin becomes translucent, and characteristic circles form around the tubercle. Pulp summer honey fungus tender, moist, pale yellow in color, pleasant to the taste, with a pronounced aroma of living wood. The plates are often located, light, and become dark brown over time.
Summer honey fungus is found mainly in deciduous forest areas throughout temperate zone. Appears in April and bears fruit until November. In areas with a favorable climate it can bear fruit without interruption. Sometimes summer honey mushrooms are confused with the poisonous galerina fringed (lat. Galerina marginata), which differs not large sizes fruiting body and the absence of scales at the bottom of the stem.
- Autumn honey fungus, aka real honey fungus(lat. Armillaria mellea)
The height of the leg of the autumn honey mushroom is from 8 to 10 cm, the diameter is 1-2 cm. At the very bottom, the leg may have a slight expansion. The leg is yellowish-brown at the top and becomes dark brown at the bottom. The cap of the autumn mushroom, with a diameter of 3 to 10 cm (sometimes up to 15-17 cm), is convex at the beginning of the growth of the mushroom, then becomes flattened, with a few scales on the surface and a characteristic wavy edge. The ring is very pronounced, white with a yellow border, located almost under the cap itself. The pulp of autumn honey mushrooms is white, dense, fibrous, aromatic in the stem. The color of the skin on the cap varies and depends on the type of trees on which the mushroom grows.
Autumn honey mushrooms of honey-yellow color grow on poplar, mulberry, and black locust. Brown ones grow on, dark gray - on elderberry, red-brown - on trunks coniferous species trees. The plates are sparse, light beige in color, darken with age and dotted with dark brown spots.
The first autumn honey mushrooms appear at the end of August. Depending on the region, fruiting occurs in 2-3 layers, lasting about 3 weeks. Autumn mushrooms are widespread in swampy forests and clearings throughout the Northern Hemisphere, except in permafrost areas.
- Winter honey fungus(flammulina velvety-footed, collibia velvety-footed, winter mushroom) (lat. Flammulina velutipes)
The leg, with a height of 2 to 7 cm and a diameter of 0.3 to 1 cm, has a dense structure and a distinctive, velvety-brown color, turning into brown with yellowness towards the top. In young mushrooms, the cap is convex, flattens with age and can reach 2-10 cm in diameter. The skin is yellow, brownish or brown with orange. The blades are planted sparsely, white or ocher, of different lengths. The pulp is almost white or yellowish. Unlike the bulk of edible honey mushrooms, the winter honey mushroom does not have a “skirt” under the cap.
Grows throughout the temperate part of the forest park zone northern hemisphere from autumn to spring. Winter honey fungus grows in large, often fused groups and is easily found in thawed areas during thaws. According to some reports, the pulp of the winter honey mushroom contains a small dose of unstable toxins, so it is recommended that the mushroom be subjected to more thorough heat treatment.
- Honey fungus (meadowweed, meadow rotten mushroom, clove mushroom, meadow marasmius)(lat. Marasmius oreades)
Edible mushroom of the non-rotting family, genus non-rotting. A typical soil saprophyte growing in fields, meadows, pastures, summer cottages, along the edges of clearings and ditches, in ravines and forest edges. It bears abundant fruit, often grows in straight or arched rows, and sometimes forms “witch circles.”
The leg of the meadow grass is long and thin, sometimes curved, up to 10 cm in height, and from 0.2 to 0.5 cm in diameter. Dense along the entire length, widened at the very bottom, the color of the cap or slightly lighter. In young meadow mushrooms, the cap is convex, flattens over time, the edges become uneven, and a pronounced blunt tubercle remains in the center. In wet weather, the skin becomes sticky, yellow-brown or reddish. IN good weather the cap is light beige, but always with a center darker than the edges. The plates are sparse, light-colored, darker in rain, and there is no “skirt” under the cap. The pulp is thin, light, tastes sweet, with a characteristic odor of almonds.
Meadow grass is found from May to October throughout Eurasia: from Japan to the Canary Islands. It tolerates drought well, and after rains it comes to life and is again capable of reproduction. Honey fungus is sometimes confused with wood-loving collibia (lat. Collybia dryophila), conditionally edible mushroom, having biotopes similar to meadow grass. It differs from the meadow grass by a tubular, hollow inside leg, more frequently located plates and unpleasant smell. It is much more dangerous to confuse the meadow grass with the furrowed talker (lat. Clitocybe rivulosa), a poisonous mushroom, distinguished by a whitish cap, devoid of a tubercle, often seated plates and a powdery spirit.
- Honey fungus thick-legged(lat. Armillaria lutea, Armillaria gallica)
The leg of the thick-legged honey mushroom is low, straight, thickened at the bottom like an onion. Below the ring the leg is brown, above it is whitish, and at the base it is gray. The ring is pronounced, white, the edges are distinguished by star-shaped breaks and are often strewn with brown scales. The diameter of the cap is from 2.5 to 10 cm. In young thick-legged honey mushrooms, the cap has the shape of an expanded cone with rolled edges, in old mushrooms it is flat with descending edges. Young thick-legged honey mushrooms are brownish-brown, beige or pinkish. The middle of the cap is abundantly strewn with dry conical-shaped scales of gray-brown color, which are also preserved in old mushrooms. The plates are planted frequently, light in color, and darken over time. The pulp is light, astringent in taste, with a slight cheesy smell.
- Honey fungus mucous or udemanciella mucosa(lat. Oudemansiella mucida)
View edible mushrooms family Physalacriaceae, genus Udemanciella. Rare mushroom, grows on the trunks of fallen European beech, sometimes on damaged trees that are still alive.
The curved leg reaches 2-8 cm in length and has a diameter of 2 to 4 mm. Under the cap itself it is light, below the “skirt” it is covered with brown flakes, and at the base it has a characteristic thickening. The ring is thick and slimy. The caps of young honey mushrooms have the shape of a wide cone; with age, they open up and become flat-convex. At first, the skin of the mushrooms is dry and olive-gray in color; with age, it becomes slimy, whitish or beige with yellowness. The plates are sparsely located and have a yellowish color. Pulp mucous honey fungus tasteless, odorless, white; in old mushrooms the lower part of the stem turns brown.
Slimy honey fungus is found in the broad-leaved European zone.
- Spring honey fungus or wood-loving collibia(lat. Gymnopus dryophilus, Collybia dryophila)
A species of edible mushrooms of the non-gnacaceae family, the genus Gymnopus. Grows in separate small groups on fallen trees and decaying foliage, in forests dominated by oak and.
The elastic leg, 3 to 9 cm long, is usually smooth, but sometimes has a thickened base. The cap of young honey mushrooms is convex, and over time it acquires a broadly convex or flattened shape. The skin of young mushrooms is brick-colored; in mature individuals it becomes lighter and becomes yellow-brown. The plates are frequent, white, sometimes with a pink or yellow tint. The pulp is white or yellowish, with a weak taste and smell.
Spring honey mushrooms grow throughout the temperate zone from early summer to November.
- Common garlic mushroom (common garlic mushroom) (lat. Mycetinis scorodonius, Marasmius scorodonius)
An edible small mushroom of the non-rot family, genus garlic. It has a characteristic garlic smell, which is why it is often used in seasonings.
The cap is slightly convex or hemispherical, and can reach 2.5 cm in diameter. The color of the cap depends on humidity: in rainy weather and fogs it is brownish, sometimes a rich red hue, in dry weather it becomes creamy. The plates are light, very rare. The leg of this honey mushroom is hard and shiny, darker below.
- (lat. Myc etinis allia ceus)
Belongs to the genus garlic of the non-rot family. The mushroom cap can be quite large (up to 6.5 cm), slightly translucent closer to the edge. The surface of the cap is smooth, yellow or red in color, brighter in the center. The pulp has a pronounced garlic aroma. A strong leg up to 5 mm thick and 6 to 15 cm long, gray or black, covered with pubescence.
The mushroom grows in Europe, preferring deciduous forests, and especially rotting leaves and twigs of beech.
- Pine honey fungus (yellow-red row, reddened row, yellow-red honey fungus, red honey fungus) (lat. Tricholomopsis rutilans)
A conditionally edible mushroom belonging to the family Aryadorova. Some consider it inedible.
The cap is convex; as the mushroom ages, it becomes flatter, up to 15 cm in diameter. The surface is covered with small red-purple scales. The flesh of the honey mushroom is yellow, its structure in the stem is more fibrous, and in the cap it is dense. The taste may be bitter, and the smell may be sour or woody-putrid. The leg is usually curved, hollow in the middle and upper part, thickened at the base.
Honey fungus- an edible forest mushroom that is often found in deciduous forests.
Honey mushrooms loved by many mushroom pickers: they are pleasant to collect because they grow in large groups; from honey mushrooms they prepare fragrant and delicious dishes, pickled for the winter.
Let's consider in detail: types of mushrooms description and photo, benefits and harms of mushrooms, when to collect and how to prepare honey mushrooms.
Your names honey fungus(translated from Latin as “bracelet”) received due to the peculiar form of mushroom growth - in the form of a ring.
Most often, honey mushrooms can be found on stumps in whole families, in coniferous and deciduous forests. Mushrooms prefer to grow on any rotten wood and rotten stumps.
You can find honey mushrooms not only under trees, but also in meadows, forest edges and under bushes.
Honey mushrooms are easy to recognize; they have a long, thin leg up to 12-15 cm long. Color varies from light yellow to dark brown depending on location and age.
Most mushrooms have a stalk "skirt". The cap is round in shape, rounded downwards, the underside with pronounced plates.
The color of the cap varies from light cream to red-brown. Hat of young honey mushrooms covered with small scales, becomes smooth with age.
Each type of honey mushroom has its own specific differences, it all depends on the place of growth and age.
Honey mushrooms are healthy to eat and are considered a low-calorie product. Honey mushrooms contain not only minerals and vitamins, but also thiamine, which is responsible for nervous system and reproductive function.
Among the beneficial substances included in honey mushrooms, the following can be distinguished: microelements(potassium, phosphorus, iron, zinc and others); vitamins groups B, C, PP and E; amino acids; cellulose; squirrels.
IN folk medicine honey mushrooms are known for their antiviral and anticancer effect on the human body, often used in the treatment thyroid gland and liver pathologies. Honey mushrooms are excellent removes waste and toxins from the body, have a positive effect on hematopoietic processes.
100 g of honey mushrooms contain daily norm microelements to maintain normal hemoglobin. Regularly consuming honey mushrooms will prevent the development of cardiovascular diseases.
Honey mushrooms will not cause any harm to humans if they have undergone preliminary preparation before preparing dishes.
Contraindications to the use of honey mushrooms
Don't forget that mushrooms are hard food to digest, so don't eat mushrooms at night. Excessive consumption of honey mushrooms can lead to diarrhea. You should not give honey mushrooms to younger children 12 years.
Types of mushrooms
From large quantity edible species again. There are 4 main ones, most often collected by mushroom pickers.
An edible mushroom that grows in large colonies, mainly on rotten and damaged wood in deciduous forests. The cap of this species is brown and becomes transparent after rain.
Honey mushrooms have caps with a diameter of 3-8 mm, the center is lighter than the edges. Honey fungus is up to 9 cm high, the leg is light with a ring, over time only a strip remains of it. Below the ring is a leg with scales.
The first mushrooms can be found starting in June and they bear fruit until the end of August.
These honey mushrooms have a high stalk up to 10 cm, yellowish color with a white coating, dense in length, slightly widened downwards. Over time, the leg thickens.
The cap sizes are from 3 to 7 mm in diameter, light yellow in color, becoming yellowish-brown in wet weather. The edges of the cap are lighter than the center. Below there are light, sparse plates.
They begin to bear fruit from June until autumn frosts.
Mushrooms can be found in meadows, fields, summer cottages, ravines and forest edges. Honey mushrooms grow in arched rows.
A popular type of mushroom, it is distinguished by its large size. A mushroom on a stalk 8-10 cm long with a slight thickening at the very bottom. The thickness of the stem is up to 2 cm. You can see a pronounced ring under the cap itself.
Hats big size, on average 3-10 cm (sometimes up to 15-17 cm). The plates are light yellow, rare.
Young honey mushrooms are covered with scales on the surface. The color of the cap depends on the type of trees on which the mushrooms grow - from light to brown colors.
Honey mushrooms begin to bear fruit from the end of August and end in October.
Honey mushrooms can be found on damaged and old deciduous trees, mainly on poplars and willows.
The leg is 2-7 cm high, up to 1 cm thick, velvety brown.
There is no ring under the cap on the stem. The cap reaches a diameter of up to 10 cm, from yellow to brownish-orange in color. The plates are white and sparse. The pulp is white or yellowish.
Honey mushrooms can be found in thawed patches and even under snow, from autumn to spring.
If you are an inexperienced mushroom picker, always follow the rule: “If you’re not sure, don’t take it”, it is better not to risk the health of yourself and your loved ones.
Main differences: hats inedible mushrooms brighter colored, may be brick red, rusty brown or orange color, while edible ones have a light beige or brownish color.
The most dangerous are false ones honey mushrooms sulfur-yellow color.
Also the surface of the cap of edible honey mushrooms covered with scales, darker color than the color of the cap.
False honey mushrooms They always have a smooth cap surface, most often wet, and after rain the surface becomes sticky.
Fans of overgrown mushrooms should take into account the fact that the scales disappear as the mushrooms grow.
Edible mushrooms always have white, cream, pink plates on the underside of the cap, and false mushrooms they quickly darken and have green, olive-black shades.
There are edible honey mushrooms on the stem "skirt" made of film located under the cap, false mushrooms do not have it - the main difference that should always be taken into account.
Real mushrooms have mushroom aroma, poisonous mushrooms gives off mold and earth.
The season for collecting honey mushrooms is September. It is in this month that a fairly large percentage of poisonings is observed false doubles. The main danger is that it is very difficult to distinguish from edible ones. Therefore, every mushroom picker, going on a “silent hunt”, is simply obliged to know about it from the real ones. This knowledge can save you from severe poisoning, and maybe even from death.
The golden rule of a mushroom picker
The first thing to remember is Golden Rule mushroom picker - you can only put in the basket those mushrooms that you know well and have collected more than once. If you have any doubts, it is better not to take a suspicious mushroom. It is unreasonable to risk your health over such trifles!
What you need to know to avoid becoming a victim of false honey mushrooms
Mushrooms must have clear signs of being “edible”. The real mushroom is primarily distinguished by a strong mushroom smell, which appears immediately if the mushroom is slightly broken. All types of false mushrooms have a distinct earthy smell.
In addition, real ones grow on stumps in such huge quantities that without leaving the spot you can assemble them into a bucket or a huge basket at one time. That is why, as soon as the harvest season arrives, avid mushroom pickers, most often, they run to places they have long loved, where from year to year they collect a large harvest of honey mushrooms. However, no matter how proven mushroom place, there is no need to let your guard down.
And yet, the smell is not the only sign that is worth paying attention to. There are several more ways to distinguish false honey mushrooms from real ones. It is necessary to carefully examine the caps. In real honey mushrooms they do not have a bright color, they are always light brown. While the color of the caps of false mushrooms varies from bright yellow to deep red. The catchy color directly indicates the “falseness” of the honey mushroom.
After coloring, you need to pay attention to the presence or absence of a characteristic ring under the cap. Mushroom pickers usually call it a “skirt”. This name was given due to its direct resemblance to a piece of women's clothing. Only real birds have this feature (“skirt”). edible honey mushrooms. However, even here the mushroom picker needs to be careful. In young mushrooms that have just “hatched”, the film-ring may adhere to the cap. For clear example How to distinguish false honey mushrooms from real ones, below is a photograph of edible young honey mushrooms with an unformed “skirt”. Although, if you look closely, you will find that it is still present in the young mushroom, but in an unopened form, and merges with the base of the cap, forming a kind of cobwebby cover, similar to the usual thickening of the mushroom stem. False honey mushrooms do not even have a hint of the presence of a “skirt”.
As a conclusion
And finally, the last way to distinguish real honey mushrooms from false ones. It is necessary to carefully study the structure of the cap. In the false honey fungus you will not find specific scales that are unique to the edible fungus. Moreover, “false” hats have a glossy texture, while real ones have a matte texture.
After you have learned how to distinguish false honey mushrooms from real ones, all that remains is to summarize. So, we repeat once again that you need to be careful. If the honey fungus does not have at least one of the above signs (mushroom smell, scaly matte cap, light brown color or cobwebby “skirt”), it is better to leave the mushroom where it grows.
We wish you good luck" quiet hunt"without unpleasant consequences or health risks. Take care of yourself!
All mushroom connoisseurs know how tasty honey mushrooms are when fried, pickled or in any other form: mushroom soup, caviar, pies. But in order for the food to be a success and not lead to unpleasant consequences, it is important to know how to distinguish honey mushrooms from false honey mushrooms.
Let's learn to understand the differences between real honey mushrooms and their unsafe relatives in order to protect ourselves and loved ones from poisoning.
Everyone is called honey mushrooms lamellar mushrooms with caps, growing on trees, dead wood and stumps. Some of them are edible, aromatic and tasty, others are bitter and dangerous to health, and sometimes life. Let's look at the main differences between real honey mushrooms and false ones, which are visible to the naked eye and will be understandable even to inexperienced mushroom pickers.
Honey mushroom leg
There is a ring on the leg. Inedible honey mushrooms do not have a ring or have residual signs of it (traces of the ring, tissue fragments). In addition, the leg of a real honey mushroom is low (except for adult specimens) - 4-6 cm, while a false one reaches 10 cm.
The exception is edible meadow mushrooms, whose legs grow up to 30 cm tall!
Honey fungus records
Genuine honey mushrooms are distinguished by pale yellow or cream plates, false ones - yellow, later - green, dark olive and almost black.
Honey mushroom hat
Regardless of what environment they grow in (light or dense forest, wet or dry), their caps are not very bright: they are usually pale brown, with small dark scales (adult mushrooms have darker caps and no scales).
And the caps of false mushrooms are always bright: yellow-gray, rusty-red or red-brown, and without scales.
Taste of honey mushroom
Some false mushrooms no less tasty than genuine honey mushrooms: not all poisonous mushrooms have a bitter taste. But this does not mean that they can be safely cooked: there are only a couple of exceptions - Candoll honey fungus and poppy honey fungus.
The smell of honey fungus
Edible honey mushrooms have a pleasant, pungent mushroom aroma, while poisonous ones smell like mold or damp earth.
Honey mushroom's reaction to contact with water
If you have doubts about the authenticity of a mushroom, put it in water: false mushrooms will turn black or blue.
Summer honey mushrooms, unlike their autumn counterparts, can bear fruit in spring, summer, and autumn. Summer honey mushrooms, as a rule, grow long legs and large caps. How to distinguish them from poisonous mushrooms?
- Summer honey fungus hat. Although its diameter is sometimes 10 cm, its walls are thin and the edges are slightly curved inward, where the tissue of the fungus resembles a spider's web. The color of the hat is yellowish-brown, there are scales.
- Summer honey fungus records. The color of the plates of genuine honey fungus is whitish, rusty or brown (they darken as the mushroom grows).
- Leg of summer honey fungus. Sometimes its leg grows extremely long - up to 30 cm, but at the same time remains brown, with a ring.
False mushrooms have no rings, the caps are bright and smooth, without scales.
Now you know how to distinguish honey mushrooms from false honey mushrooms. If you have doubts about a mushroom, it is better not to cut it at all or do a water test at home. Gradually you will gain mushroom experience, and you will know exactly where edible honey fungus, and where is poisonous.
The name honey mushrooms comes from the word “stump” because they mainly grow around tree stumps. Does not fit this description meadow honey fungus, they hide in the grass. About 20 species of honey mushrooms are known, some of which are poisonous and inedible. Among mushroom pickers, summer, autumn, winter and meadow honey mushrooms are very popular. We’ll talk about them today, and also tell you how to distinguish between edible and inedible mushrooms.
What do summer mushrooms look like?
- The caps of summer mushrooms have a light brown tint, they are small in size, their diameter is from 3 to 7 cm.
- The caps are initially convex, have a tubercle in the center, and over time become flat, with a passing dark rim along the edge.
- The plates are adherent and sparse, their color is slightly lighter colors the hat itself.
- The legs of summer honey mushrooms are brown, with a dark brown tint appearing below the ring. They are thin and with scales, their thickness is up to 0.7 cm, and their length is up to 9 cm.
- Summer honey mushrooms are found from June to September; they grow on stumps hardwood, on coniferous trees During this period they do not settle.
- It is advisable to collect these mushrooms in damp weather, at this time their symptoms are most pronounced, so as not to confuse honey mushrooms with inedible mushrooms.
- It should be noted that in summer time Honey mushrooms do not have universal features that 100% distinguish them from bad mushrooms, so it is better not to take risks and refuse to collect summer honey mushrooms.
What do autumn mushrooms look like?
- Mushrooms from this group are the most common. Their caps reach a diameter of 4 to 15 cm; initially they have a convex shape, then they become flat; in the middle they may have a tubercle, brownish small scales and specks.
- Cap colors: beige, light brown, gray-brown.
- The flesh of the caps is dense and white.
- The plates are initially covered with a thin white film, but over time it comes off and hangs on the stem like a ring.
- As the plates grow, they acquire dark spots and a light brown tint.
- The legs of honey mushrooms, up to 2 cm in diameter and 5-12 cm long, are thin and fibrous.
- The color is reminiscent of ombre, the legs of the cap have a light brown tint, turning to dark brown at the bottom.
- Autumn honey mushrooms are found in gardens and forest areas. They grow on tree stumps, most often deciduous and coniferous. During droughts, they can be located at a height of up to three meters on drying trees.
What do winter mushrooms look like?
These mushrooms are the latest, they are not afraid of frost, they produce fruiting bodies late autumn and in the first month of winter. These mushrooms are completely edible, but they have very hard stems, so only the caps are used for food.
- The caps of winter honey mushrooms are convex and small in diameter, no more than 10 cm. Their color: pale yellow, yellow-red, light brown-brown, cream.
- The plates match the color of the caps, light and rare. The legs are cylindrical and curved, fleecy and elastic, light yellow at the base, dark brown below.
- These honey mushrooms grow on trees and their habitats are weakened trees, dead wood and stumps.
What do meadow mushrooms look like?
The name of these mushrooms corresponds to their habitat. They are also called “non-rotting mushrooms”, this is due to the uniqueness of their aging, because meadow mushrooms do not rot over time, like other mushrooms, but dry out and become tiny in size.
The thin, fleshy and light brown caps of meadow mushrooms are small, about 6 cm. Initially, they have a cone-convex shape, then they become flat. The plates on them are rare, the color of the cap. The legs are dense and cylindrical, their color does not differ from the color of the cap, thin and tall, up to 10 cm long. There is no ring.
How to distinguish false honey mushrooms from edible ones
We have already told you about the features of real mushrooms. There are several types of mushrooms that are similar to edible honey mushrooms. They are easy to confuse, since both are similar to each other, grow in flocks, and also grow in the same places. We will tell you how to distinguish false from real mushrooms.
- No ring.
- The color of the caps of false honey mushrooms is slightly brighter than those of real ones. They are colored more brightly and loudly.
- The smell of false mushrooms is unpleasant and earthy, while the edible ones have a pleasant mushroom smell.
- Young false honey mushrooms do not have scales on their caps, but edible ones do.
- The plates of false mushrooms have yellow, in older ones - olive-black or greenish.
Honey mushrooms are classified as conditionally edible, but when used correctly they have beneficial properties, contain zinc, copper, vitamins C and B1. Moreover, autumn honey mushrooms can have a laxative effect on the body, winter ones can resist viruses, and meadow mushrooms can improve the functioning of the thyroid gland.
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