The Northern Dvina is one of the largest rivers in western Russia. In terms of water content, it is second only to Pechora and Volga. The length of the Northern Dvina reaches 744 km, and its area is 350 thousand km2. The river originates near the city of Veliky Ustyug in Vologda region at the place of influence of the Sukhona and Vychegda rivers. Where is ?
The main tributaries of the Northern Dvina are: Vychegda, Vaga, Pinega. They form a vast basin, the waters of the river flow to White Sea, accelerating exclusively on overkill. The coast is high, inaccessible, characterized by sandy layers and limestone rocks. There are gentle slopes that are occupied by fishermen and tourists. Due to the fact that there are islands and shoals in the upper reaches, and the coastal landscape is changeable, residents of the northwestern part of Russia often compare the Northern Dvina with the Volga.
Despite the rather severe climatic conditions, fishing in this part of the region is excellent and winter time, and in the summer. There are large numbers of fish in the river: sterlet, salmon, roach, perch, vendace, and bream. IN summer period experienced fishermen go in search of pike, burbot and grayling. The latter are found in the lower reaches of the river. The delta is dominated by flounder, smelt, and whitefish. Where does it leak?
Natural features of the Northern Dvina
The river basin is characterized by a taiga subzone dominated by conifers forested areas, as well as individual small-leaved trees. Significant areas in the river valley are occupied by vast meadows where large-grass vegetation grows. What can you see in .
Pine and spruce forests on the coast of the Northern Dvina are rich in berries and porcini mushrooms, these are: blueberries, cranberries, currants, lingonberries, blueberries. For tourists who prefer to idly pick berries while on vacation, local employees forestry It is recommended to be on guard, as the sweetness often attracts bears.
From the rarest representatives flora should be highlighted: brilliant valerian, Siberian fir, black poplar, small egg capsule, heart-shaped linden, rosea rhodiola.
All along the riverbed northern river can be found a large number of recreation centers and sports camps. Tourist centers, campsites, camps for fans of extreme sports and hiking are located in the most picturesque places of the Northern Dvina. Along the river regularly high season a 100-year-old cruise ship operates.
Extreme excursions of various lengths are organized for rafting enthusiasts. Rafting is also carried out along the tributaries of the river.
Geography of the Northern Dvina
The length of the Northern Dvina reaches 744 km, with the Sukhona this figure is 1300 km, with the Vychegda - 1800 km. According to information from domestic geographers, the length of the waterway from the Kubena River through Lake Kubenskoye reaches 1683 km.
The Small Northern Dvina is formed as a result of the confluence of the Yug and Sukhona rivers, then heads north, to the Arkhangelsk province. Near the settlement of Kotlas, the river merges with the larger Vychegda and flows towards Pinega.
The area of the river delta is 900 km2. It starts from Novodvinsk and at Arkhangelsk it flows into the White Sea Dvina Bay. Before merging with Pinega, the Northern Dvina is divided into separate channels with many islands and shoals. Width river valley in some places it reaches 18 km. Near Arkhangelsk, the river unites, forming an incredibly picturesque delta of a number of branches.
In this part rare tourist can observe the virgin beauty of the Russian north. Forests untouched by man, uninhabited islands, a huge disk of the sun reflected on the surface of the water - in a word, everything here is stunningly mesmerizing.
Length 1020 km, basin area 87.9 thousand km2. It originates on the Valdai Hills, and then flows through Lake Okhvat (a series of large reaches connected by channels) and flows into the Gulf of Riga, forming a delta. The river is very winding, the banks are mostly high. Along the banks of the Western Dvina, rivers predominate, alternating with fields. There are shoals, riffles, and rapids in the riverbed. In the lower reaches the river splits into branches. The average water flow is 678 m2/s. Within the Smolensk region, the river flows along a slightly undulating, partially swampy plain. The main tributaries are Mezha, Kasplya, Ushacha (left), Drissa, Aiviekste (right).
The Western Dvina originates from the small lake Dvina or Dvintsa, lying at an altitude of 250 meters above sea level, among the forests of the Tver region, about 15 km from its sources. About 15 km downstream the Dvina flows through Lake Okhvat. General direction the flow of the Western Dvina from east to west in an arcuate direction, to the south - in a curved direction. After leaving Lake Okhvat, the Dvina goes south until the Mezhi River flows into it, then it heads southwest and, after a sharp turn, reaches its southernmost point.
Before flowing into Lake Okhvat, the Western Dvina flows for 16 km in the form of a stream, and at the exit from the lake its width reaches 20 m. Near Vitebsk, the width of the river increases to 100 meters. During the flood, in many places the width of the Dvina reaches 1500 meters. The valleys adjacent to the Western Dvina are flooded with it only in a few places during the spring flood. Spring floods occur from mid-April to mid-May, and sometimes cover part of the month of June.
In Tverskaya and Smolensk regions Along the banks of the Western Dvina there are outcrops of layers, mountain limestones overlying sands and sandstones. In the eastern part, the banks of the Western Dvina consist of sediment. Further, it has the character of a meadow, thanks to the low sandy banks. There are limestone boulders. Even lower, the banks rise and take on a forest character. Further, the area becomes more and more sandy and, finally, not reaching 10-13 km from Vitebsk, bedrock (dolomite with layers of blue clay) appears, especially in the riverbed, with superbly preserved fossils.
Somewhat lower, the bedrock layers in the riverbed form bends that create dangerous rapids. The river bed becomes deeper, the coastal layers lie in ledges and are so high above the water that they are beyond its influence. The river bottom, consisting of the same layers, is eroded and forms ledges; Huge granite boulders come across. Between Vitebsk, Polotsk and Disna, sediments with high banks of red clay are again observed. Near Dvinsk, the Western Dvina becomes deeper, white sand is exposed, and then the banks become lower. In connection with the nature and formation of the banks of the Dvina, there are also features of its channel. The Dvina in many places separates branches that go around the islands from Dvinsk to Riga. Such sleeves are formed several times. Above Riga there are sharp turns and rapids.
The tributaries of the Western Dvina are numerous, but not large and special significance by themselves they do not have. Of them longer length only the Mezha River reaches (259 km). The basin area is 9,080 km2, the average water flow at the mouth is 61 m2/sec. It, like the Western Dvina, originates on the Valdai Hills. The other most significant tributary of the Western Dvina, the Veles, also flows from there. The length of this river is 114 km, the basin area is 1420 km2. The remaining tributaries are even shorter and insignificant.
The Western Dvina, despite its short length, is the largest river flowing into. Its current is fast and the water is clean, but there are few fish in the river, due to its shallow water.
About 4 km2 are concentrated in the lake systems of the Western Dvina basin fresh water. The banks of the river are mainly covered mixed forests. The upper reaches of the basin are represented by forests dominated by spruce; in the middle reaches, birch, alder and aspen are more common. In the Polotsk lowland there are magnificent pine forests.
The river valley was formed relatively recently, about 13-12 thousand years ago, and therefore looks unformed. On the territory of Belarus, the width of the Western Dvina channel varies from 100 to 300 m. Rapids and rifts are often found in this area. In some places, the river valley is narrow, canyon-like, and the depth increases to 50 m. After entering the Baltic Plain, the Western Dvina becomes full-flowing. The width of the river bed reaches 800 m, and the valley expands to 5-6 km.
The Western Dvina is a typical river. The river is fed mainly by melting accumulated during the winter. The Western Dvina is characterized by spring floods. Flood usually occurs over the course of only two months - most often it begins at the end of March, and at the beginning of June a decline in water is already noted. The rest of the year is determined by rainwater. During rainy periods in summer and autumn, minor floods are also possible. In winter, water consumption and level decrease significantly, since the basis of nutrition is made up of. In the spring, the channel of the Western Dvina becomes clogged with ice floes and forms. At the same time, the river level also rises sharply, flooding large areas of the valley.
Western Dvina - classical lowland river with all its islands, bends, low banks and villages that avoid the floodplain, which is flooded by rising waters in the spring.
River of three countries
The Western Dvina River flows through the territory of three countries, in Russia it is called the Western Dvina, in Belarus - Zahodnyaya Dzvina, in Latvia - Daugava. The first mention of the river is contained in the chronicle “The Tale of Bygone Years” for the 11th century: “The Dnieper flowed from the Okovsky forest and flowed at midday; and the Dvina will flow from the same forest, and go at midnight and enter the Varangian Sea...” “Varyazhskoe” is the Baltic Sea, into which the Western Dvina flows. The river is the largest of those flowing into.
The basin of the Western Dvina River occupies large hills - Vitebsk, Gorodok, Latgale and Vidzeme, which alternate with wide lowlands: Polotsk, East Latvian and Central Latvian.
The Western Dvina begins in the swamps of the Valdai Upland, approximately 40 km south of the source of the Volga. According to ancient Baltic mythology, the river appeared when the thunder god Perkunas ordered birds and animals to dig it.
The river flows from the western bay of Lake Okhvat, in the Tver region, in a picturesque area where coniferous forests. In ancient times, part of the route from the Varangians to the Greeks passed through Lake Okhvat. This is evidenced by many names in the area: for example, the villages of Volok and the Volkota River. The ancient Slavs used drag to drag boats between bodies of water. Quite a few people died in this dangerous occupation; mounds above burials scattered throughout the area remind us of this and many forgotten wars.
IN upper reaches the river has a southwestern direction, its bed runs through a deep valley that was formed relatively recently - about 12-13 thousand years ago.
The settlement of the upper reaches of the Western Dvina began in the Mesolithic - 8-6 thousand BC. e. Especially many settlements were found here from the Neolithic era - the end of the Stone Age: 5th - early. 2nd millennium BC e. A very early (second half of the 1st millennium AD) penetration of the Slavs onto the banks of the Western Dvina, its tributaries and lake shores was noted. Numerous Slavic settlements and burial mounds have been found.
In the valley the river flows between rather steep banks overgrown with forest. These are mainly mixed forests: spruce predominates in the upper reaches, birch, alder and aspen are more common in the middle reaches. Beautiful pine forests have been preserved in the Polotsk lowland.
Timber rafting in these places has been carried out since the times of the ancient Slavs, but they began to take care of the cleanliness of the river relatively recently. Below the place where the Tver River Mezha flows into the Western Dvina, a large fence (barrier device) was built to collect timber rafted down the Mezha.
The tributaries of the Western Dvina are numerous, but not large, of which only the Mezha (259 km) reaches the longest length.
Along the entire length of the river, its bed is winding. In the middle reaches there are numerous rapids, which are formed by the accumulation of boulders brought by the glacier and, in places, outcrops of hard rock. On the approach to the Belarusian city, they form rapids that stretch for 12 km.
The Western Dvina enters the city in the northwest, flows through it, forming a “horseshoe,” and exits in the southwest. In the city, the river is navigable for some types of ships, and the Vitebsk river port is located on it.
Having passed Vitebsk, the river rushes to the northwest.
Having built hydroelectric power stations and reservoirs, man, however, did not greatly change the regime of this lowland river.
Downstream, through the Ulla tributary, a chain of lakes and the Berezina River, the Western Dvina is connected to the Dnieper by the Berezina water system, which is now inactive. It was built at the end of the 18th - early XIX in., in during the XIX V. has been reconstructed several times. Its length is more than 160 km; one and a half dozen locks were built. It was intended for the export of products Agriculture and forests from Mogilev and Minsk provinces to the port of Riga. The system lost its significance after installation railways. During the Great Patriotic War the locks were blown up and the canals fell into disrepair. Today it is the main historical attraction of the Berezinsky Biosphere Reserve.
The farther from the source, the less pronounced the valley. In several places the river passes through lakes, for example Luka and Kalakutskoye. Near the city of Velizh, located on the river, the Western Dvina becomes navigable, and the forest ends.
Having passed the Latgale and Augszeme uplands, the Western Dvina (Daugava) flows through an ancient valley. Beyond Daugavpils the river reaches the East Latvian Lowland. During spring floods, ice jams often form here, and river waters, without meeting any obstacles, they flood everything around.
Outside the town of Plavinas, after the construction of the Plavinas hydroelectric power station, the river valley was flooded with the waters of the Plavinas reservoir, and the water level increased by 40 m. Judging by the memories of old-timers, the river valley from Plavinas to Ķegums was very beautiful. There were many rapids and shallows in the riverbed. In the 1950-1960s. the construction of a hydroelectric power station caused protests among the Latvian population: the historical Staburags cliff, the Olinkalns and Avotinu-Kalns rocks were supposed to go under water.
Below there are two more hydroelectric power stations - Kegums and Riga. The latter occupies the most important place for the capital of Latvia: it is a source of electricity, and the Riga reservoir is a source tap water for most city residents. In general, the Western Dvina (Daugava) is the only large own source electricity in Latvia.
Below Dole Island, the Western Dvina (Daugava) flows through the Primorskaya Lowland. Here the flow of the river slows down, the banks become very low, the Dvina in many places separates branches that go around the islands formed by sand deposits from Dvinsk to Riga, forming a delta. In the city, the width of the river reaches 700 m, and downstream it reaches one and a half kilometers.
Historian Nikolai Karamzin compared the Western Dvina with the Eridanus River from ancient greek mythology. Myths say that the river was rich in amber, and ancient Greek authors mention this in their works. And even in ancient times, it was the Western Dvina that was the source of most of the large river pearls used for embroidering royal and boyar clothes. The prey was of a predatory nature, and as a result, the pearl shells were exterminated.
At the mouth of the Western Dvina (Daugava) amber is still mined, and its extraction is carried out in no less barbaric ways.
The river flows fast, the water is clean, but there are few fish in it, which is explained by the shallow water. In the Western Dvina, in the reservoirs of its basin and at the mouth, pike, chub, ide, tench, bream, crucian carp, burbot, and pike perch are found. Previously, the Dvina was rich in one and a half meter eels that came through the Baltic from Atlantic Ocean, but after the construction of the Plavinskaya hydroelectric station, eels in the upper reaches of the Dvina disappeared. Today, industrial fishing is either prohibited or limited. Recreational fishing is also limited.
general information
Location: west of Eastern Europe.Administrative affiliation : Russia, Belarus, Latvia.
Water system: Baltic Sea.
Nutrition: mixed, predominantly snow and dirt.
Islands: Dole, Zakusala, Lucavsala, Kundzinsala, Kipsala (Latvia).
Source: Lake Okhvat, Valdai Upland (Andreapolsky district, Tver region, Russian Federation).
Estuary: Gulf of Riga Baltic Sea(Riga, Latvia).
Tributaries: left - Belesa, Goryanka, Medveditsa, Mezha, Netsema, Fedyaevka, Fominka, Usoditsa; right - Volkota, Gorodnya, Grustenka, Zhaberka, Krivitsa, Lososna, Okcha, Svetly, Toropa.
Freeze-up: December-March.
Cities (downstream) : Vitebsk - 377,595 people, Polotsk - 85,078 people, Novopolotsk - 102,394 people, (Belarus),
Daugavpils - 85,858 people, Jekabpils - 23,019 people, Ogre - 24,322 people, Salaspils - 16,734 people, Riga - 639,630 people. (Latvia) (2016).
Languages: Russian, Belarusian, Latvian.
Ethnic composition : Russians, Belarusians, Latvians.
Religions: Orthodoxy, Protestantism, Catholicism.
Currency : Russian ruble, Belarusian ruble, euro.
Numbers
Length: 1020 km (325 km in Russia, 328 km in Belarus, 367 km in Latvia).Channel width: upper reaches (Lake Coverage) - 15-20 m, mouth (Latvia) - 1.5 km.
Valley width: upper reaches - up to 0.9 km, middle reaches - up to 1-1.5 km, lower reaches - 5-6 km.
Delta: length - 35 km.
Pool area : 87,900 km 2 .
Source height: 215 m.
Mouth height: 0 m.
Average water flow (mouth) : 678 m 3 /s.
Average slope: 0.2 m/km.
Climate and weather
The upper reaches are moderate continental; the middle current is moderate, transitional to marine, the lower current is moderate marine.Average January temperature : upper current -8°С, middle current -7.5°С, lower current -3°С.
Average temperature in July : upper current +18°C, middle current +17.5°C, lower current +17°C.
Average annual precipitation : upper current 650 mm, middle current 550-600 mm, lower current 670 mm.
Average annual relative humidity : upper flow 70-75%, middle flow 70%, lower flow 75-80%.
Economy
Hydroelectric power, river navigation, timber rafting, fishing, amber mining.Attractions
Natural
- (1925)
- (1930)
- Natural Park Daugava Bends (1990)
- Smolensk Poozerie (1992)
- Birzhai Regional Park (1992), Braslav Lakes (1995) and Sebezhsky (1996)
- Razna National Park (2007)
- Verver cliff
Historical
- Vecrachin settlement (X-XIII centuries)
- Settlement Buets (village Zhukovo, before 1130)
- Berezinskaya water system (1797-1805)
City of Vitebsk (Belarus)
- Governor's Palace (1772)
- Salt warehouses (1774)
- Town Hall (1775)
- Former District Court (Art Museum, 1883)
- The building of the first power station (Literary Museum, 1897)
- The building of the former women's diocesan school (1902)
- Monument to the heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812 (1912)
- The building of the former land and peasant bank (1917)
- Memorial complex in honor of the soldiers-liberators (Victory Square, 1974)
- House-Museum of Marc Chagall
- Marc Chagall Art Center (1992)
City of Polotsk (Belarus)
- St. Sophia Cathedral (XI century)
- Spaso-Evphrosyne Monastery (circa 1128)
- Church of the Transfiguration (1128-1156)
- House of Peter I (1692)
- House of Simeon of Polotsk (XVII-XVIII centuries)
- Bernardine Monastery (1758)
- Jesuit College (XVIII century)
- Holy Cross Cathedral (1893-1897)
- Red Bridge (XIX century)
- National Polotsk Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve
City of Daugavpils (Latvia)
- Castles of Dinaburg (1275) and Murmuizhsky (until 1601)
- Mikhailovsky Gate (1856-1864)
- Nikolo-Pokrovsky Staroforshtadsky Old Believer temple (1889)
- Daugavpils Fortress ( late XIX- beginning of the 20th century)
- Church Immaculate Conception Holy Virgin Maria Daugavpilssky (1902-1905)
- Borisoglebsky Cathedral (1904-1905)
- Unity Bridge (1935)
Riga city (Latvia)
- Dome Cathedral (1211-1270)
- Cathedral of St. James (1225)
- Riga Castle (1330)
- Powder Tower (before 1330)
- House of the Blackheads (XIV century)
- Swedish Gate (1698)
- Nativity of Christ Cathedral (1877-1884)
- House of Cats (1909)
- Byte Bridge (1981)
Curious facts
The river called Western Dvina, as can be seen on the map, flows from Lake Okhvat in the Andreapolsky district of the Tver region. However, Tver local historians suggest that its source be considered a swamp, from which a stream flows into a small lake Koryakino, Penovsky district of the same region, connected to Okhvat by the Dvinets River. As proof, they cite the Atlas of 1792 (the full title is “Russian Atlas, consisting of forty-four maps and dividing the empire into forty governorships”). The Atlas contains a map of the Tver governorship with an image of Lake Dvinets (as Lake Koryakino was formerly called), in which a river will flow in, starting in the swamps and marked on the map as the “Dvina River”. However, this is not proof that this is the source of the Western Dvina, since other rivers also flow into Lake Okhvat. Moreover, there is no evidence why this particular river deserved to be named “r. Dvina" and how it differs from others flowing into the coverage of the Nikitikha and Volkota rivers is not given.
When it flows into the Gulf of Riga, the Western Dvina (Daugava) River forms an erosive delta near the former island of Mangalsala. As the name suggests, initially it was indeed an island (sala - island), but later a narrow isthmus of alluvial sand was formed, and Mangalsala became a peninsula. It is washed on three sides by the Gulf of Riga, the Daugava and the branch of the Daugava - Vezzaugava.
The name of the city comes from its location on the Torope River. It also comes from the Russian word “torop”, which means haste. This is associated with the high speed of the river flow at the threshold before flowing into the Western Dvina.
Throughout history, the Western Dvina River had about two dozen names: Dina, Vina, Tanair, Turun, Rodan, Rubon, Rudon, Dune, Eridanus, Western Dvina, etc. In the 15th century. the Flemish traveler and knight Gilbert de Lannoy (1386-1462) noted that the Semigallian tribes called the Western Dvina Samegalzara: from Semigals-Ara, or Semigallian water. Zemgale is one of the five historical regions of Latvia.
Considering the presence of two identical names (Western Dvina and Northern Dvina), as well as the commonality of the names Vajna (Estonian name for the Western Dvina) and Viena (Karelian name for the Northern Dvina), the name of the river most likely has a Finnish-language origin with semantic meaning"quiet, calm." And the name Daugava was apparently formed from two ancient Baltic words: daug - “many, abundantly” and ava - “water”.
The 20-meter high Staburags, a limestone cliff on the left bank of the Daugava, was flooded when the Plavinas reservoir was filled. Staburags is also called special kind limestone, very porous, through which moisture constantly oozes if it is located near an underground source. "Crying" cliff Staburags - national symbol, often found in Latvian poetry and legends. This place was considered sacred, endowed with powers that had a beneficial effect on people. Warriors ancient tribe villages were committed here magical rituals before military campaigns. Today there is 21 m of water above the top of the cliff.
The Western Dvina is a river body of water in the northern part of Eastern Europe, which covers the territories of three countries - Russia, Latvia and Belarus. It has many ancient names, the most common being Eridanus and Rudon. The total length of the channel is 1020 kilometers, the territory of Russia accounts for about 330 km. Flowing from Lake Karyakino, it runs in a southwestern direction, turning to the northwest, passing the city of Vitebsk. The area of the Western Dvina basin is about 90 thousand square kilometers, which allows it to remain among the deepest rivers in Eastern Europe.
Peculiarities
The first mention of the name of the river is found in the chronicles of the monk Nestor, and if we take into account the research of V.A. Zhuchkevich, the hydronym is of Finnish origin, meaning “calm” in translation.
The river basin is formed by twelve thousand small and large rivers. Most large influx– this is the Mezha River, whose length is approximately 260 kilometers. From the scattering of reservoirs surrounding the Western Dvina, lake systems can be distinguished - Braslavskaya, Zasarayskaya and Zhizhitskaya.
The river valley has a relatively rugged, trapezoidal shape. Its width upstream reaches 0.9 kilometers, and in the downstream it is close to 6 km. The floodplain is two-sided. The channel can be called moderately winding, indistinctly branched, but there are a large number of rapids, which upon reaching Vitebsk increase in length to twelve kilometers. It is noteworthy that within Lake Coverage, the width of the reservoir hardly reaches twenty meters.
The coastal zone is quite wooded, characterized by the presence of boulders, and the nature of the riverbed is rocky and has riffles.
Since time immemorial, the river has served people as a transport route. It was along this road that the world-famous road called “from the Varangians to the Greeks” passed. Every year the river replenishes the Baltic Sea by 20 thousand cubic meters. kilometers of water.
The surroundings of the river passage in the Tver region are endowed with special attractiveness picturesque landscapes. In the upper reaches, coniferous tree species predominate; in the middle and lower reaches, birch, aspen and alder plantations prevail. The predominant shrubs are cranberries and lingonberries.
Speaking about the section of the river flowing in the Tver region, one cannot fail to mention the city of the same name, located near the riverbed. The history of the city of Western Dvina goes back about five thousand years, and in its vicinity Slavic settlements centuries ago have been repeatedly discovered.
The flora and fauna of this area remains virtually untouched in some places, and lovers fishing They often have great catches of perch, roach, pike and other fish species. The ecological cleanliness of the area facilitates the organization of all types of country holidays and tourist rafting on the river from May to September.
How to get there
On the territory of the Tver region on the banks of the Western Dvina there is a city of the same name. His removal from regional center– Tver is 24 kilometers and can be overcome on a personal or public transport along the M10 highway in less than an hour.
The Northern Dvina is a navigable river. Located in the north of Russia, in its European part. At first glance, this river is unremarkable, but if you look deeper into its history and geography, you can find some interesting facts.
At one time (approximately mid-16th century By beginning of XVII century) this river was the only route that connected the Russian Empire with those countries that at that time were located in the Northern and Western Europe. This route was actively used by merchants and diplomats. TO mid-19th centuries its significance for foreign trade Russian Empire decreased significantly. However, in order to defend some cities in a possible war (for example, Arkhangelsk), the mouth of this river was very suitable.
Length of the Northern Dvina River
This river is not very large - its length is only 744 km. If we compare it with the Volga, the largest and longest Russian river, then the Northern Dvina is five times inferior to it - the length of the Volga is 3530 km.
Two rivers - Sukhona and Yug - merge into one, called the Malaya Northern Dvina. All this happens near the city of Veliky Ustyug, located in the Vologda region. And this city is interesting because the Russian residence of Father Frost is located there.
After this, it turns north and flows through Arkhangelsk and its environs. The high-water Vychegda River brings its waters into the Northern Dvina watercourse immediately after Arangelsk, after which the river continues its movement strictly north. Just before it flows into the Dvina Bay, the White Sea, it merges with another river called Pinega.
The source of the Northern Dvina is located at the confluence of two rivers: the Sukhona and the Yuga. The Northern Dvina flows into the White Sea. There are many in the river rare species fish: bream, burbot, roach, pike. Migratory fish are of industrial importance: lamprey and salmon, and in the delta you can find smelt and river flounder.
Tributaries of the Northern Dvina River
The Northern Dvina is fed mainly by snow, which melts into its waters in the spring. It freezes at the end of October - somewhat earlier than other Russian rivers, which is explained by its more northern position. When the river opens up (and this usually happens in mid-April or even early May, if the spring is late and cold), the ice flow is quite stormy and active, and jams often form. During this period, it is not navigable - it can even be dangerous.
This river has two main tributaries - the Sukhona and Yug rivers. However, if we counted all the rivers that flow into it, then it would be
Cities of Russia on the Northern Dvina River
There are many cities - large and small - located on the Northern Dvina River. First of all, this is the above-mentioned Veliky Ustyug, famous for that that you can meet the real Santa Claus there. In addition, the cities of Novodvinsk, Severodvinsk and the legendary city of Arkhangelsk are located near the mouth of the river.
Ships sail along the river. To this day, the paddle steamer “N.V. Gogol” operates on the Northern Dvina - it was launched back in 1911 and still operates as a full-fledged cruise ship, enjoying the attention of tourists.
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