Moldova State in the south-east of Europe. It borders with Ukraine in the north, east and south and with Romania in the West. Capital Chisinau. Population - more than 3 million people. The country area is 33 thousand square kilometers. The climate is moderately continental. Winter soft, short, summer roast, long. Most large rivers Dniester and Prut. IN river valleys Many floodly lakes. The soil is predominantly chernozem. The population of the Republic of Moldova is multinational. The bulk of the population of Moldovan. They also live: Ukrainians, Russians, Gaguses, Romanians, Bulgarians and other nations. Up to 14th century, the territory of modern Moldova was part of the possessions of various tribal unions and state formations (Old Russian state, Galitsky Principality, Golden Horde). From the second half of the 14th century as part of the Moldovan Principality, in the 1618th centuries Ottoman Empire. In 1711, Moldavian Lord Dmitry Kantemir squeezed to the loyalty of Russia.
Flag of Moldova State Flag of Moldova ( official name - The Republic of Moldova) was adopted in 1994 and is a tricolor with isometric vertical strips, located in the following order ranging from the bang: blue, yellow, red. In the center of the yellow strip there is a state coat of arms of the Republic of Moldova. Flag of Moldova, along with a flag of paraguay and flag Saudi Arabia, It is one of the few state flags that look different in front and rear. On the flag of Moldova, the emblem is shown only from the front side.
The coat of arms of Moldova Coat of arms of Moldova is a crossed shield, at the top of which the red field, in the bottom blue. The center of the shield shows the head of the bison, between the horns of which the eight-beam star is located, to the right of the head, a five-point rose, on the left of the crescent, converted and slightly inclined to the left. All elements on the shield are golden (yellow). The shield is placed on the chest of an eagle holding a golden cross (eagle-crusader), in claws: on the right green olive branch, on the left of the golden scepter.
Moldova is divided into 32 district, 5 municipalities (Balti, Bender, Chisinau, Comrat, Tiraspol), 1 Autonomous Territorial Education (Gagauzia) and 1 Autonomous Territorial Education with Special Status Transnistrian, established in 2005. In Moldova, 65 cities and 917 villages. On the territory of Moldova exists unrecognized state Transnistrian Moldavian Republic. Under its control is the main part of the left bank of the Dniester, as well as the city of Bender and a number of villages on the right bank.
The climate of Moldova contributes to agriculture. There are no deposits in the country mineral resourcesIn connection with which the country's economy is based on agriculture. The most visited tourists place in Moldova is her capital, Chisinau. In terms of interest for tourists, you can also highlight other big cities: Tiraspol, Balti, Bender, Orhei, famous for their medieval city Old Orhei. In addition, the Sanatorium of Moldova in the cities of Kamenka, Kalarash and Kahul are placed by balneleseboges. Currency of the Republic of Moldavia - Moldavian Lei. In 2005, Moldova World Bank was recognized as the poorest country of Europe.
Almost all countries south of Eastern Europe Refer to the I type of population reproduction. Natural increase In the countries of this region, low, but higher than in other European regions.
Since the mid-1990s, the population of this region decreases by 0.5% annually. In all countries there are more women than men (51-53%).
The population is employed in industry from 40 to 50%, in agriculture - from 20 to 50%, in the non-productive sphere - 15 to 20%. Employment of the population is one of the problems of this region. Grow unemployment.
The peoples of Indo-European language family - Bulgarians, Slovenians (Slavic Group); Bosnians, Macedonians, Moldovans, Romanians, Montenegrins (Romanesque Group). Albanians form a special group. Major religions are Christianity (Catholicism and Orthodoxy), Islam. On the territory of many states, except for the main nationality, there are national minorities, between which they exacerbate interethnic relations. These are -Stocialist countries, as a rule, with economies in transition.
By the nature of the country's reforms can be divided into:
- countries with stable progressive development reforms - Slovenia;
- countries with slow development of reforms -, Romania.
Economic decline is characteristic of all countries. In the economic level, all countries can be divided into three groups:
1. Countries high level development. They are developed industry, which is focused on new high-tech industries, intensive agriculture (Slovenia).
2. Countries of the Middle Development - Bulgaria, Croatia - have highly specialized industries. In these countries, the weak influence of NTP on the farm.
3. Countries with low economic level of development. These are countries that began late to exercise economic reforms - Romania, Albania and countries former Yugoslaviawhere military actions related to the exacerbation of social and national problems took place.
It is generally accepted to allocate four regions within Europe: north, southern, western and eastern. Eastern European countries are different low level economic Development, rather than their Western neighbors on the continent. However, they preserved their cultural and ethnic identity much better. What countries come to the Eastern European region?
Eastern Europe: the problem of identification of the region
The issue of regionalization of Europe is quite problematic. Immediately it is necessary to make a reservation that Eastern Europe is, above all, the historical and cultural region, and not geographical. Indeed, according to territorial standards to the eastern part of Europe, it is possible to attribute exceptionally Russian Federation. And the Geographical Center of Europe and is at all within Ukraine.
Let's try to list all the countries of Eastern Europe. In this matter, it is also not so unequivocal, since Eastern Europe is the most problematic in the regionalization process. Germany, for example, uniquely does not apply to it. But such a country like Belarus is related to all existing regional cards.
To date, there are several classifications. For example, in one of them, only Russia, Ukraine and Belarus are counted for the region of Eastern Europe. The most problem are two regions: these are Baltic States and Balkans. Some geographers believe that Balkan and baltic countries It is necessary to refer to this region, others are confident that they are "not a place" there.
It is worth noting interesting feature In the process of regionalization of Europe: all States of the Eastern European region previously belonged to the so-called Eastern block of states. These are the countries that, after the end of World War II, somehow came under the influence of the USSR.
Eastern Europe: countries, list
Interestingly, before the beginning of World War II, geographers conducted the border between Eastern and Western Europe clearly through the distinction of German and Slavic nations.
Today, the most popular is the regionalization of Europe from the UN Statistical Department. According to this international Organization, 10 countries on this moment Eastern Europe is part of the region. Countries (list is presented below) of this region ranked by the number of people who live in each of them:
- European part of Russia (capital - Moscow).
- Ukraine, Kiev).
- Poland Warsaw).
- Romania (Bucharest).
- Czech Republic, Prague).
- Hungary (Budapest).
- Belarus, Minsk).
- Bulgaria (Sofia).
- Slovakia (Bratislava).
- Moldova, Kishinev).
Almost all countries of Eastern Europe, with the exception of Hungary, Romania and Moldova, are Slavic states. We will pay special attention to some of them.
Czech Republic - Tourist Mecca Region
Czech Republic - small state In the very center of Europe with a population of ten million inhabitants. Does not enter the seas. The basis of the economy of this country is the metallurgical industry, a chemical complex and mechanical engineering. It is here that the car company Skoda is known in Europe, founded back in 1895.
Czech Republic is a country with the most advanced tourism in the region. Tourists here attract ancient and beautiful cities, architecture and museums of old Prague, as well as stunning ski resorts. In addition, the Czech Republic is also considered the beer capital of Europe!
Poland - Country of storks and locks
Poland - State in Eastern Europe with richest history and huge number monuments. This is the "Catholic" country in Europe. About 39 million people live here, 85% of whom are Catholicism. More recently, Poland was in a deep economic crisis. However, in the 90s of the twentieth century, reforms were successfully carried out in the country, and today Poland is one of the most dynamically developing countries in Europe.
Delicious national cuisine, Beautiful brick gothic, hundreds of well-preserved locks - that's what Poland makes very attractive for tourists and travelers.
Romania - the most mysterious country of Eastern Europe
Speaking about Eastern Europe, it is impossible not to mention Romania. This mountain country Always attracted attention to their mysteriousness and mystical. After all, it is here, in Transylvania, a legendary Count Dracula lived, and this moment of Romania successfully uses today to attract tourists to the country.
The economy of Romania is largely tied to oil. And the country is produced by this natural resourceand produces high-quality equipment for oil industry. Every year income and tourism are growing. Since the beginning of the 2000s, exports in Romania are constantly growing, but the state is still in dire need of investments.
Finally...
Thus, the countries of Eastern Europe today are ten independent states. They are all very colorful, distinctive and kept the richest cultural heritage on their lands.
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