The invention of gunpowder forever changed the nature of warfare. Already in the Middle Ages, gunpowder was widely used not only in artillery, but also for undermining fortress walls, under which tunnels were made. At the same time, the defenders did not sit idly by; they could also blow up these tunnels or dig counter-galleries. Sometimes real battles took place underground. These underground battles became a much later element of the First World War, when the opposing countries got bogged down in trench warfare and trench warfare and returned to the tactics of digging tunnels and laying underground mines of monstrous power under enemy fortifications.
Moreover, during the First World War there were two explosions of enormous force, one of which was carried out during the Battle of Messina in June 1917, and the second occurred in December 1917 far from the front line in Halifax, Canada, almost completely destroying this city. The Halifax explosion is one of the strongest man-made non-nuclear explosions caused by mankind, and for a long time was considered the most powerful explosion of the non-nuclear era.
Battle of Messina
The Battle of Messina, or the Messina Operation, lasted from June 7 to June 14, 1917 and ended successfully for English army, which managed to push back the German troops, improving its positions. The battle took place in Flanders near a village called Mesen, during which British troops tried to cut off a 15-kilometer ledge of German troops. The British, who realized that they could not break through the German defenses with conventional attacks, began preparing for the operation back in 1915, 15 months before it began. During this time period they managed to build more than 20 giant tunnels under the second level groundwater in a layer of blue clay. This engineering work was preceded by serious geodetic work and soil study on this section of the front.
The British mined all the dug tunnels, and carefully disguised the excavated soil so that the Germans could not notice it, especially when aerial reconnaissance. The English underground galleries began about 400 meters behind their defense lines. Since the German positions on this section of the front were along the heights, the tunnels passed under the defense of German troops at a depth that reached 25-36 meters, and in some places up to 50 meters. The total length of these underground communications was more than 7,300 meters, and at the end of the tunnels the British planted about 600 tons of explosives, they used ammonite. Still, the Germans managed to unravel the plan of the British strategists, but they mistakenly believed that the tunnels were located at a depth of up to 18 meters, so they managed to destroy only two mine galleries, another 22 remained untouched.
The advance of British troops on this section of the front was preceded by powerful artillery preparation, which began on May 28. And on June 7, with an interval of approximately 30 seconds, 19 mine galleries were detonated. As a result of these explosions, the first and second lines of German trenches were destroyed, and craters appeared on the site of the fortifications gigantic size. The largest of the craters is considered to be the “lone tree crater”, the diameter of which was up to 80 meters and the depth reached 27 meters. As a result of these underground explosions, about 10 thousand died. German soldiers, another 7,200 soldiers and 145 officers of the German army were captured, demoralized and unable to offer serious resistance. The craters from those terrible explosions have survived to this day, many of them have become artificial reservoirs.
Tragedy in Halifax, Canada
Actually an explosion near settlement Messin was not an isolated incident, it was a series of explosions that led to the collapse of the front line of defense German troops. And if in this case such explosions could be justified military necessity, then in December of that year, the largest explosion of the pre-nuclear era rocked the peaceful port city of Halifax. The transport ship Mont Blanc, which exploded off the coast, was filled to capacity with explosives. On board were about 2,300 tons of dry and liquid picric acid, 200 tons of TNT, 10 tons of pyroxylin and 35 tons of benzene in barrels.
Built in 1899, the Mont Blanc auxiliary transport could transport up to 3,121 tons of cargo. The ship was built in England, but belonged to a French shipping company. The explosives were loaded on board the ship on November 25, 1917 in the port of New York, the ship's destination was France - the port of Bordeaux. The intermediate point on the transport route turned out to be Canadian Halifax, where the formation of convoys sent across the Atlantic was underway.
Mont Blanc appeared on the outer roadstead of Halifax on the evening of December 5, 1917. The next morning at approximately 7 a.m. the ship began to enter the port. At the same time, the steamship Imo, owned by Norway, was leaving the port. As the ships approached, both captains began to make risky maneuvers, which ultimately led to the Imo ramming the Mont Blanc to starboard. As a result of the impact, several barrels containing benzene broke and their contents spread throughout the vehicle. The captain of the steamer "Imo" reversed and managed to free his ship and leave safely. At the same time, when the two ships were uncoupled, as a result of metal-on-metal friction, a sheaf of sparks appeared, which ignited the benzene that had spread over the Mont Blanc.
Knowing the nature of the cargo on the ship, the captain of the Mont Blanc, Le Medec, ordered the crew to abandon the ship. It didn’t take long to persuade the sailors; all crew members reached the shore safely, leaving the deadly cargo to their own devices. As a result, the burning vehicle began to drift towards the shore, eventually falling onto a wooden pier in Richmond, one of the districts of Halifax. Few people in this Canadian city knew about the nature of the cargo on board the Mont Blanc. For this reason, almost the entire population of the small town clung to the windows in the hope of getting a better look at the rare spectacle that was the burning ship. On both sides of the strait, around which the city spreads, onlookers began to gather.
A monstrous explosion at 9:06 a.m. put an end to this “performance.” The force of the explosion is evidenced by the fact that a 100-kilogram piece of the ship's frame was later found in the forest at a distance of 19 kilometers from the epicenter of the explosion, and the cruiser "Niob" with a displacement of 11 thousand tons and the steamer "Kuraka" standing in the harbor were thrown ashore like chips . In the city of Truro, which was located 30 miles from Halifax, glass was broken by the shock wave. In the area within a radius of 60 miles, bells spontaneously rang in all churches from the blast wave.
According to official statistics, the explosion in Halifax killed 1,963 people and left about 2,000 missing. Many of the wounded froze to death in the debris as the next day the temperature dropped sharply and a severe snowstorm began. Someone simply burned to death, as fires started throughout the city and burned for several days. In three schools in the city, out of 500 students, only 11 survived. About 9 thousand people were injured, including 500 who lost their sight due to flying fragments of window glass. Wherein Northern part The city, the Richmond area, was almost completely wiped off the face of the earth as a result of this explosion. In total, 1,600 buildings in Halifax were completely destroyed, another 12 thousand were severely damaged, and at least 25 thousand people lost their homes.
Explosion on the island of Heligoland
The Second World War gave the world a series of new powerful non-nuclear explosions. Most of them related to the destruction of battleships and aircraft carriers of the warring parties. The series of naval tragedies was brought to an end by the explosion of the Japanese battleship Yamato on April 7, 1945, when the main battery magazine detonated; the explosion was equivalent to 500 tons of TNT. There have also been tragedies like the one that happened in Halifax. On July 17, 1944, in the United States, in the port city of Port Chicago, an explosion occurred while loading ammunition on board a transport. The mushroom cloud rose to a height of about three kilometers, the power of the explosion was about 2 kt in TNT equivalent, which was comparable to the Halifax port explosion on December 6, 1917, the power of which was estimated at 3 kt.
However, even these explosions paled in comparison to the one created by human hands on German island Heligoland in the North Sea. This explosion became a real echo of the war, it forever changed the appearance of the island, but did not take away a single human life, as it was planned. After Germany's defeat in World War II, the entire population of the island was evacuated, and the British decided to destroy all the remaining base fortifications here. submarines Third Reich, as well as conduct seismic research.
Along the way, they solved the problem with recycling large quantity ammunition that remained with them after the end of the war. The explosion took place on April 18, 1947. By this time, 4 thousand torpedo warheads, 9 thousand deep-sea bombs and 91 thousand grenades had been brought to the island different calibers, a total of 6,700 tons of various explosives. The detonation of these munitions, which had been prepared for several weeks, formed a mushroom cloud that rose into the sky to a height of 1800 meters. The explosion was so powerful that it was even recorded in Sicily. The explosion on the island of Heligoland was registered in the Guinness Book of Records as the most powerful non-nuclear explosion in the world. The detonation of the explosion released energy that was comparable to 1/3 of the power of the atomic bomb that the Americans dropped on Hiroshima.
The British planned that the island would be completely destroyed as a result of the explosion, but it survived. But its form was changed forever. All South part Heligoland island turned into a crater huge size, which is still an attractive destination for tourists today. After the explosion, the British used the island as a bombing practice site for several more years, returning it to Germany in the 1950s. Practical Germans were able to rebuild the island in a few years, opening it up new stage cultural and tourist life.
Sailor Hat Challenges
The largest non-nuclear explosions in history also include a series of tests as part of the US Navy operation codenamed “Sailor Hat”. This is a series of tests that were carried out in 1965 on the island of Kahoolawe (Hawaii). The purpose of the tests was to determine the impact of the shock wave of high-power explosions on warships and the equipment installed on them. As part of the operation, research was also carried out in the field of underwater acoustics, seismology, meteorology, and radio wave propagation.
Each test involved the explosion of large (500 tons) explosive charges. At the same time, the explosives were stacked quite interestingly - in a hemispherical stack, which consisted of 3 million 150-gram TNT blocks. The explosions were carried out in the immediate vicinity of ships standing nearby. Moreover, with each new test they came closer and closer to the explosion site. A total of three explosions were carried out: February 6, 1965 "Bravo", April 16, 1965 "Charlie" and June 19, 1965 "Delta". These explosions are well characterized by the phrase - money down the drain. In 1965 prices, 500 tons of explosives cost 1 million US dollars.
The effect of the explosions on the internal equipment of the ships was recorded on special high-speed cameras. Tests showed that the force of the explosions was sufficient to destroy the steel mountings and throw quite heavy radar equipment off their pedestals. But, despite the seriousness of the damage, the warships remained afloat. In addition, two observation airships were destroyed by a blast wave during testing.
Based on materials from open sources
There is no artificial explosion in the world more powerful than the explosion of an atomic bomb. And although the test atomic weapons many countries in the world carried out bombs with a yield of more than 10 megatons of TNT, only the USA and the USSR.
In order to clearly see the destruction and casualties that such bombs can cause, you should use the service Nukemap. The inner ring is the epicenter where everything will burn in fire. In the pink circle, almost all buildings will be destroyed, and the percentage of casualties will be almost 100%. In the green circle, the mortality rate will be from 50 to 90%, with most of those killed dying from the resulting radiation over the next few weeks. In the gray circle, the strongest buildings will stand, but the wounds for the most part will be fatal. In orange, people with exposed skin will receive third-degree burns, and flammable materials will ignite, leading to massive fires.
And here are the 12 most powerful explosions in human history:
Photo: Publicitātes attēli
On August 25 and September 19, 1962, with an interval of less than a month, atomic bombs with a yield of 10 megatons were tested on Novaya Zemlya. The area of the epicenter of the explosion, in which everything living and inanimate would be destroyed, was 4.5 square meters. kilometer Third degree burns would await everyone within a radius of almost three kilometers. Photos and videos of test materials, at least in the public domain, have not been preserved.
10. Evie Mike
On November 1, 1952, the United States was the first in the world to test a thermonuclear explosive device with a yield of 10.4-12 megatons of TNT - almost 700 times more than the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima. The power of the explosion was sufficient to completely destroy the Elugelab atoll, on the site of which a crater with a diameter of 2 kilometers and a depth of 50 meters formed. Heavily contaminated fragments of coral reefs were scattered over a distance of 50 kilometers. The explosion was captured on video.
9.Castle Romeo
Photo: Wikipedia
In 1954, the United States launched a series of tests thermonuclear bombs a fundamentally different design than the “Eevee Mike” (more practical, although still inapplicable as a weapon). Romeo had a yield of 11 megatons and was the first bomb to be detonated on a barge in open ocean- later this will become standard for American nuclear tests, since bombs of such power, as it turned out with the rest of the charges in the Castle test series, simply erase from the face of the earth the small islands on which nuclear charges were initially tested.
Photo: Publicitātes attēli
On October 23, 1961, the USSR tested another nuclear bomb, this time with a yield of 12.5 megatons of TNT equivalent. On an area of 5 sq. kilometers it destroyed everything, and within a radius of three kilometers it burned everything that could burn.
7Castle Yankee
Photo: Kadrs no video
In 1954, the United States successively tested "locks". The next one was detonated on May 4 - with a power of 13.5 megatons and the infected clouds reached Mexico City, which was more than 11 thousand kilometers away, in just four days.
6.Castle Bravo
Photo: Wikipedia
The most powerful of the “castles” - also the most powerful American nuclear warhead - was detonated on February 28, 1954 on Bikini Atoll, before the other “castles”. It was assumed that its power would be only 6 megatons, but in fact, due to an error in calculations, it reached 15 Mt, exceeding the calculated one by 2.5 times. As a result of the explosion, the Japanese fishing vessel "Fukuryu-Maru" was covered with radioactive ash, which led to severe illness and disability of the crew members (one person died soon after). This incident with the "fisherman", as well as the fact that several hundred residents of the Marshall Islands were exposed to radiation, in whose direction the wind was blowing on the day of the tests, led to serious protests around the world and forced politicians and scientists to talk about the need to limit testing nuclear weapons.
Photo: Publicitātes attēli
From August 5 to September 27, 1962, a whole series of tests was carried out on Novaya Zemlya nuclear charges with a capacity of 20 megatons of TNT equivalent each - 1000 times more powerful than a bomb, dropped on Nagasaki.
Photo: Publicitātes attēli
Series Soviet tests 1962 ended with the detonation of a charge with a capacity of 24.2 megatons of TNT, this is the second most powerful explosion. It was produced at a training ground on the same Novaya Zemlya.
Incredible facts
Explosions, both natural and man-made, have terrified everyone for centuries. Below are the 10 most powerful explosions in history.
Texas disaster
A fire aboard the freighter SS Grandcamp docked in Texas in 1947 caused the 2,300 tons of ammonium nitrate (a compound used in explosives) it was carrying to explode. Shock wave two passing planes exploded in the sky, and then the passing chain reaction destroyed nearby factories, as well as a neighboring ship carrying another 1,000 tons of ammonium nitrate. Overall, the explosion is considered the worst industrial accident in the United States, killing 600 people and leaving 3,500 injured.
Halifax explosion
In 1917, a French ship fully loaded with weapons and explosives intended for use during the First World War accidentally collided with a Belgian ship in the port of Halifax, Canada.
The explosion occurred with enormous force - 3 kilotons of TNT. As a result of the explosion, the city was shrouded in a cloud of immense size, which spread to 6,100 meters in height, and it also provoked a tsunami up to 18 meters high. Within a radius of 2 km from the center of the explosion, everything was destroyed, about 2,000 people died, and more than 9,000 were injured. This explosion remains the world's largest man-made accidental explosion.
Accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant
In 1986, one of the nuclear reactors of a nuclear power plant exploded in Ukraine. It was the worst nuclear disaster in history. The explosion, which instantly blew off the 2,000-ton reactor lid, left behind 400 times more radioactive fallout than the Hiroshima bombs, thus contaminating more than 200 thousand square kilometers of European land. More than 600,000 people were exposed to high doses of radiation, and more than 350,000 people were evacuated from contaminated areas.
Trinity explosion
First atomic bomb in history, it was tested in practice in 1945 in the town of Trinity (Trinity Site), New Mexico. The explosion occurred with a force equal to approximately 20 kilotons of TNT. Scientist Robert Oppenheimer later said that as he watched the test of the atomic bomb, his thoughts focused on one phrase from the ancient Hindu scripture: “I become death, the destroyer of worlds.”
Later, World War II ended, but the fear of nuclear annihilation remained for many decades. Scientists recently discovered that citizens living in New Mexico at the time were exposed to radiation doses that were thousands of times higher than the maximum permissible level.
Tunguska
A mysterious explosion that occurred in 1908 near the Podkamennaya Tunguska River, located in Siberian forests, affected an area of 2,000 square kilometers (an area slightly smaller than the city of Tokyo). Scientists believe that the explosion was caused by the cosmic influence of an asteroid or comet (which had a diameter of perhaps 20 meters and a mass of 185 thousand tons, which is 7 times more than the mass of the Titanic). There was a huge explosion - four megatons of TNT, it was 250 times more powerful than the force of the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima.
Mount Tambora
In 1815, the largest volcanic eruption in human history occurred. Mount Tambora exploded in Indonesia with a force of about 1,000 megatons of TNT. As a result of the explosion, about 140 billion tons of magma were released, 71,000 people were killed, and these were not only residents of the island of Sumbawa, but also the neighboring island of Lombok. The ash that was everywhere after the eruption even provoked the development of anomalies in global climate conditions.
The following year, 1816, became known as the year without a summer, with snow falling in June, and with hundreds of thousands of people dying of starvation around the world.
Impact of dinosaur extinction
The Age of Dinosaurs ended approximately 65 million years ago in a cataclysmic event that wiped out nearly half of all existing species on the planet.
Research shows that the planet was already on the verge of an ecological crisis before the extinction of the dinosaurs. However, the last straw in what caused dinosaurs to remain far in the past was cosmic influence an asteroid or comet, 10 km wide, that exploded with a force of 10,000 gigatons of TNT (1,000 times the force of the world's nuclear arsenal).
The explosion covered the whole world with dust, every now and then fires flared up in different places of the planet and powerful tsunamis were formed. On the coast Gulf of Mexico A huge crater, 180 km wide, appeared in Chicxulub, which was probably the result of an explosion.
Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9
This comet spectacularly collided with Jupiter in 1994. The giant gravitational force of the planet tore the comet into fragments, each of which was approximately 3 km wide. They moved at a speed of 60 km per second towards the ground, resulting in 21 visible effects. It was a powerful collision, creating a fireball that rose more than 3000 km above the clouds of Jupiter.
This explosion also provoked the appearance of a giant dark spot stretching over 12,000 km (almost the diameter of the Earth). The explosion had a force of 6,000 gigatons of TNT.
Supernova Shadow
Supernovae are exploding stars that often outshine entire galaxies with their brightness for a short period of time. The brightest Supernova explosion in history was recorded in the spring of 1006 in the constellation Lupus. Known today as SN 1006, the explosion occurred approximately 7,100 light-years ago in the nearby galaxy and was bright enough to remain visible during daylight hours for several months.
Gamma ray explosion
The explosions and bursts of gamma rays are the most powerful explosions known in the Universe. The light from the explosion of the most distant gamma rays (GRB 090423) is clearly visible on our planet today, located at a distance of 13 billion light years. This explosion, which lasted just over a second, released 100 times more energy than our Sun would produce in its 10 billion year lifetime.
This explosion likely occurred as a result of the disintegration of a dying star, the size of which is 30-100 times larger than the Sun.
Big universal bang
Theorists argue that the emergence of our universe is the result of the Big Bang. Although it is often perceived as such (perhaps because of the name), there was in fact no explosion. At the very beginning of its existence, our universe was very heat, and it was extremely dense. A common misconception is that the universe exploded from a single, central point in space. The reality, it seems, is not so simple - instead of an explosion, space, apparently, began to stretch, “pulling” several galaxies with it.
Explosions can be divided into those that are non-nuclear but man-made and atomic explosions. Among the nuclear ones, the largest one is the explosion of the Tsar Bomba. There is a so-called big bang theory.
The largest nuclear explosions
During the " Cold War» phrases « nuclear bomb" and "nuclear explosion" were heard very often. Many powerful nuclear explosions were carried out around these years.“The Big One” is the name of one of America’s most powerful hydrogen bombs. The force of the explosion exceeded the power expected by scientists by more than three times. Because of this, both the military and local residents suffered significant injuries and even died. The test caused radioactive contamination of a large area of the United States. This explosion was carried out in 1954.
It was assumed that the power would be equal to four to six megatons, but it turned out to be equal to fifteen megatons. The diameter of the crater from the explosion was two kilometers in diameter with a depth of seventy-five meters. Within a minute after the explosion, the resulting mushroom cloud was at an altitude of fifteen kilometers. Before maximum size the mushroom grew in eight minutes - that's twenty kilometers in diameter.
In the state of Nevada in America, an underground explosion occurred in the desert in 1962. The charge was placed at a depth of four hundred and fifty meters. The power turned out to be such that visually, when filming the explosion, you can see how ripples started across the desert.
Nuclear weapons were also tested on a barge. The name of one of them is “Castle Romeo”. And again the power exceeded the calculated one almost three times and turned out to be equal to eleven megatons. This test was the first, but further stages did not follow, since the entire complex of tests would simply destroy all the islands on which they were carried out.
In 1952, Mike was tested on the island of Elugelab. The exploded device was called a “sausage” and turned out to be more powerful than all the bombs dropped during the Second World War. This is the first megaton class bomb. The mushroom rose to a height of forty-one kilometers with a diameter of ninety-six kilometers.
One cannot help but recall the bombings of Nagasaki and Hiroshima. It is known that a bomb called “Fat Man” was dropped on Nagasaki, resulting in the death of sixty to eighty thousand people and severe destruction. The Little One atomic bomb exploded in Hiroshima, killing approximately one hundred and sixty-six thousand people. Both of these bombings were the first use of such powerful weapons as a combat one.
Explosion of the Tsar Bomba
At the end of October 1961, the most powerful bomb in history exploded. The country that implemented it is the USSR. She was given a sonorous name - “Tsar Bomba”. Its second name is “Kuzka’s Mother.” Fifty-eight megaton H-bomb exploded on the island New Earth. According to Nikita Khrushchev, it was initially planned to create a hundred megaton bomb, but for testing they decided to reduce the charge. How he joked so that the glass of houses in Moscow would not break. 
As a result of such a powerful explosion, all living things within a radius of sixty-two kilometers were affected. The power is such that such an explosion could easily destroy a city with a population of one million.
Man-made non-nuclear explosions
In addition to atomic explosions, many non-nuclear explosions have been carried out in the history of mankind. Their number is huge. So, in the First World War, one of these explosions occurred during the Battle of Messina in 1917. The British Army blew up the tunnels, laying nineteen large mines, thus demoralizing the enemy. As a result, about ten thousand Germans died. In 1913, a Welsh cargo ship carrying dynamite needed for the construction of the Panama Canal exploded. The mass of dynamite was three hundred and forty-three tons. 
Another non-nuclear explosion was the explosion of a chemical plant in the city of Oppau in the fall of 1921, which led to significant destruction and mass casualties. Just great amount explosions were carried out during the Second world war. Battleships, cruisers, aircraft carriers, steamships, and artillery magazines exploded.
Already in Peaceful time explosions continued around the world. Cars with explosives were blown up, explosions were carried out as simulations atomic explosion, there were disasters at cosmodromes, explosions at military bases, etc.
In the twenty-first century, several strong non-nuclear explosions are also known. Thus, in 2009, during the construction of the Kambarata HPP-2 dam in Kyrgyzstan, a powerful industrial explosion occurred. In the fall of 2001, an explosion occurred at the AZF plant in Toulouse, leading to man-made disaster. The list could be continued.
Big Bang in the Universe
Many people have heard about the big bang, which resulted in the formation of the Universe. However, this has not been reliably confirmed. Nevertheless, astronomical observations confirm this version. The big bang in the universe occurred approximately 13 billion years agoIt is not clear why the explosion occurred. This object, endowed with properties incomprehensible to us, began to expand with enormous speed. This is how our Universe was born. During expansion, the density decreased, the temperature dropped, and the physical properties changed.
It is assumed that it was as a result of the big explosion that small and major planets. .
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Train accident near Ufa, USSR. During the passage of two passenger trains No. 211 "Novosibirsk-Adler" and No. 212 "Adler-Novosibirsk" an accident occurred. powerful explosion an unlimited cloud of wide fractions of light hydrocarbons formed as a result of an accident on the nearby Siberia-Ural-Volga region pipeline. 575 people were killed, 181 of them were children, and more than 600 were injured.
The explosion of a large volume of gas distributed in space had the character volumetric explosion. The power of the explosion was estimated at 250-300 tons of trinitrotoluene. According to other estimates, the power of a volumetric explosion could reach 12 kilotons of TNT, which is comparable to the power nuclear explosion in Hiroshima (16 kilotons)/
Train explosion in Arzamas. Three cars detonated, carrying a total of 121 tons of hexogen intended for mining enterprises. At the time of the explosion, the train was passing through a railway crossing in the city of Arzamas.
The explosion destroyed 151 houses, leaving more than 800 families homeless. According to official data, 91 people died and 1,500 were injured. 250 meters of the railway track were destroyed, Train Station, the electrical substation and power lines were destroyed, and the gas pipeline was damaged. 2 hospitals, 49 kindergartens, 14 schools, 69 shops were damaged.
Explosion during the second launch of the N1 launch vehicle, USSR. The accident was due to abnormal operation of engine No. 8 of block A and the shutdown of all engines on the 23rd flight. The carrier fell to the launch site. As a result of the largest explosion in the history of rocket science, one launch pad was completely destroyed, and the second was seriously damaged.
British Engineers carried out an explosion on the island of Heligoland. The purpose of the explosion was to destroy German bunkers and structures. About 4,000 torpedo warheads, 9,000 underwater bombs, 91,000 grenades of various calibers were blown up - a total of 6,700 tons of explosives. Score - 3.2 kt. Included in the Guinness Book of Records as the largest explosive detonation.
Texas City. The explosion of up to 2,300 tons of ammonium nitrate and subsequent fires and explosions killed at least 581 people.
During the loading of ammonal in Nakhodka, the Dalstroy steamship exploded. 400 tons of TNT detonated.
Explosion of the steamship "Fort Staykin", Bombay - 1400 tons of explosives, killed about 800 people.
explosion of the cellars of the stern towers of the battleship Mutsu. More than 1000 dead.
The Battle of Messina - the explosion of 19 huge mines, containing a total of more than 455 tons of ammonium explosives. It is estimated that about 10 thousand Germans died.
in the Battle of Jutland - as a result of an artillery explosion. 3 British ships sank in the cellars: Indefatigable (1015 dead), Queen Mary (1262 dead), Invincible (1026 dead).
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