The armored vehicles of Russia and the world, photos, videos, watch online, were significantly different from all their predecessors. To provide a large reserve of buoyancy, the height of the hull was noticeably increased, and to improve stability, its cross section was given a trapezoidal shape. The required bullet resistance to the hull was provided by rolled cemented armor with an additionally hardened outer layer of the KO brand (Kulebaki-OGPU). In the manufacture of the hull, armor plates were welded on the inner soft side, and special stocks were used to facilitate assembly. To simplify the installation of units, the upper armor plates of the hull were made removable with a seal on fabric gaskets lubricated with red lead.
Armored vehicles of the Second World War in which the crew of two people was located near the longitudinal axis at the back of each other's heads, but the turret with weapons was shifted 250 mm to the left side. The power unit is shifted to the starboard side in such a way that access for engine repairs was possible from inside the tank's fighting compartment after removing the safety partition. At the rear of the tank, along the sides, there were two gas tanks with a capacity of 100 liters each, and directly behind the engine there was a radiator and a heat exchanger, washed by sea water when moving afloat. At the stern, in a special niche, there was a propeller with navigable rudders. The balance of the tank was chosen in such a way that when afloat it had a slight trim to the stern. The propeller was driven by a cardan shaft from a power take-off mounted on the gearbox housing.
Armored vehicles of the USSR in January 1938, at the request of the head of the ABTU D. Pavlov, the tank’s armament was to be strengthened by installing a 45-mm semi-automatic gun or a 37-mm automatic gun, and in the case of installing a semi-automatic gun, the crew was to be increased to three people. The tank's ammunition was supposed to consist of 61 rounds for the 45 mm cannon and 1,300 rounds for the machine gun. The design bureau of plant No. 185 completed two projects on the “Castle” theme, for which the Swedish Landsverk-30 tank was used as a prototype.
The Wehrmacht armored vehicles did not escape troubles with engine boost. To what has been said, we can only add that this crisis was actually overcome only in 1938, for which the tank received not only a forced engine. To strengthen the suspension, thicker leaf springs were used. Rubber tires made of neoprene, a domestic synthetic rubber, were introduced, the production of tracks from Hartfield steel by hot stamping began, and high-frequency-hardened fingers were introduced. But all these changes to the tank were not introduced simultaneously. The tank hull with inclined armor plates could not be manufactured on time. However, the conical turret with improved protection was submitted on time, and the tank with the same hull, reinforced suspension (due to the installation of thicker leaf springs), a forced engine and a new turret entered testing at the NIBT test site.
Modern armored vehicles went under the code T-51. It retained the process of transition from tracks to wheels, like the prototype, by lowering special levers with wheels without a person leaving. However, after adjusting the requirements for the tank, making it a three-seater (it was decided to retain backup control for the loader), and strengthening its armament to the BT level, it was no longer possible to implement the Landsverk-type wheel drive. In addition, the tank's wheel drive transmission was overly complex. Therefore, soon work on the “Castle” theme was carried out on the T-116 tank, in which the “change of shoes” was carried out according to the BT type - by removing the track chains.
Division of machines by purpose and annual standards for their operation.
Armored vehicles, depending on their purpose, are divided into armored weapons and armored vehicles
BTV: tanks, armored personnel carriers, infantry fighting vehicles
BTT: MTO, tractors, BREM
The group of combat vehicles includes tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers, bases of these vehicles used for the installation (installation) of other types of military equipment. This group includes all command and control vehicles. It contains only new and overhauled machines, technically sound, equipped with the required equipment and spare parts, with an established minimum service life until the next repair.
The combat group's vehicles are kept in storage most of the time; periodically, usually no more than twice a year, in accordance with combat training plans, they are removed from storage and used in tactical exercises.
The group of combat training vehicles includes vehicles allocated from the combat group in accordance with the regulations “On the procedure for operating armored vehicles in Peaceful time for daily training of troops."
The number of vehicles in a combat training group is determined based on the calculation of the needs for vehicles necessary to ensure the implementation of the combat training program for troops.
The group of combat training vehicles includes combat vehicles with the most operating time, those of earlier production, as well as those with the worst technical condition. Vehicles of this group are used for training crews and conducting tactical exercises for units. The use of combat training vehicles is organized to ensure constant combat readiness.
At least 60% of vehicles in a combat training group must have a service life
at least 1,000 km before the next repair.
The group of construction vehicles includes mobile vehicles Maintenance and repair of armored vehicles, tank tractors, ARVs, MTO. It contains new and overhauled, technically sound, with an established irreducible service life until the next repair. Are in storage. They are used to support tactical exercises of units and formations, exercises in overcoming water obstacles, as well as to provide fire prevention measures.
The group of combat training vehicles includes vehicles of the same type, used in repair units and units for training specialists and ensuring the operation of armored vehicles.
Groups of combat and combat vehicles contain only new and overhauled, technically sound vehicles, equipped with the required equipment and spare parts, with an established minimum service life:
Tanks; BMP; ARV – 3,500 km;
armored personnel carrier; – 10,000 km.
Installation procedure for the T-72 drive wheel.
1. Wipe dry the journal of the final drive shaft, the inner cone and install it on the final drive shaft.
2. Liberally lubricate the unpainted surfaces of the labyrinth, the splines of the drive wheel and the final drive shaft with Litol 24 lubricant.
3. Mount the drive wheel and install it on the shaft
4. Wipe the outer cone dry, install it on the final drive shaft and tap it until it fits tightly. Fill the holes in the outer cone with ZZK-3u putty, and the final drive shaft with Lithod 24 lubricant.
5. Place the rubber ring on the drive wheel mounting plug. Lubricate the thread and end of the plug with lubricant. Install the toothed washer on the pins of a special key to the drive wheel plug
6. Screw the plug into the final drive shaft and tighten it with a special wrench, making sure that the holes for the bolts in the toothed washer coincide with the holes in the drive wheel hub.
7. Install the toothed washer and secure it with bolts and spring washers
8. Place the gasket on the lubrication hole plug and screw it in until it stops. Seal the plug with wire
Ticket 26 1. Combat and specifications BMP-2.
| Options | BMP-2 |
| Total information | |
| Weight in combat gear, t | 14+2% |
| Crew, people | 3 (7) |
| Overall height, mm | |
| Ground clearance, mm. | |
| Weapons: | |
| A gun: | 2A42 |
| Caliber, mm. | |
| Rate of fire, h/min. | 200-300 |
| Direct shot range, m BOD/KUM. | |
| Maximum sighting range, m | |
| Machine guns: | PCT |
| Coaxial PKT gun, mm. | 7,62 |
| Flare gun, mm. | |
| Ammunition: | |
| - cannon shots, total (AZ), pcs. | |
| - cartridges for PKT, pcs. | |
| - cartridges for on-board PC, pcs. | |
| - grenades for RPG-7, pcs. | |
| - hand grenades F-1, pcs. | |
| - cartridges for a signal pistol | |
| Mobility and permeability: | |
| Travel speed, km/h: | |
| - average on a dirt road | 40-50 |
| - maximum on the highway | |
| - afloat | |
| Power reserve: | |
| - on main fuel tanks, km. | Up to 600 |
| - capacity of fuel tanks, l. | |
| Obstacles to be overcome: | |
| - max elevation angle, degrees. | |
| - ditch width, m. | 2,5 |
| - wall height, m. | 0,7 |
| - ford depth | float |
| - water preg. With OPVT width/depth, (m) | float |
| Power point: | |
| - engine brand | UTD-20S1 |
| - engine's type | diz |
| - engine power, kW/hp. | |
| Special equipment: | |
| - protection system against weapons of mass destruction | GROOVE |
| - fire-fighting equipment | PPO |
| -camouflage means | TDA |
| - equipment for underwater driving | float |
General design of the BTR-80 chassis.
The chassis of the BTR-80 is made according to the 8x8 wheel arrangement with two pairs of front steered wheels. The vehicle's suspension is independent, wishbone, torsion bar, with double-acting telescopic shock absorbers. Wheels with split rim. KI-80N tires are tubeless, thick-walled, bulletproof, with adjustable pressure. Allows short-term movement without excessive pressure. The armored personnel carrier is equipped with a centralized tire pressure control system. Working pressure - 50-300 kPa. The BTR-80 can continue to move even if one or two wheels fail completely. Braking systems: service (acts on all 8 wheels), parking (acts on the transmission), anti-roll device (locks the transmission).
Movement on water is ensured by the operation of a single-stage, single-shaft water-jet propulsion unit with a four-blade propeller. When moving on land, the outlet window of the water cannon is closed by an armored flap: when moving on water, closing the flap leads to the direction of water into the reverse channels and the creation of reverse thrust or braking force on the water. To control an armored personnel carrier on water, the vehicle's front steered wheels and water rudders are used, located in the box of the vehicle's afloat control unit.
The problem of transporting infantry and supporting it in battle became acute for the Soviet army already during the Great Patriotic War. Patriotic War. To solve these problems, armored personnel carriers were developed. However, initially their designs had many “childhood diseases”, which were quite difficult to cope with.
New solutions, as often happens, were prompted by the war. After the uprising in Budapest, they abandoned the open top of the armored personnel carrier, a legacy of the Great Patriotic War. The operation of the BTR-60 and its modifications led to, and the battles in Afghanistan revealed problems already with the “seventieth”. After modernizing this vehicle, the army received a new BTR-80.
History of creation
The fighting in the democratic republic of Afghanistan revealed many shortcomings of the BTR-70. One of the main ones was the unreliable power system, two carburetor engines, paired and located in the rear of the armored personnel carrier.
In addition to the traditional disadvantages of gasoline engines in the army, gluttony was added even by army standards. Combat operations in the highlands also showed problems with power loss. The hatches on the body of the armored personnel carrier caused problems; it was difficult for the crew and motorized riflemen inside; it was difficult to quickly leave the vehicle.
Fire support on the battlefield was also scant. Combat experience has shown that the elevation angle of armored personnel carrier weapons is insufficient for firing in the mountains. The armor protection of the “seventy” was also insufficient. The water-jet system did not operate effectively; when crossing water bodies, it became clogged with silt, peat and algae.
Design team Gorky Automobile Plant under the command of I. Mukhin and E. Murashkin, it was entrusted to modernize the vehicle in accordance with the requirements of the military.
The modernization turned out to be so deep that we can talk about a fundamentally new armored personnel carrier of domestic design.
The twin engine was replaced with one powerful one, KamAZ-740.3, a diesel engine with a turbocharger. The body was increased in comparison with the BTR-70 by 115 mm in height and length, by 100 mm in width. However, due to the reduction in ground clearance, the overall height of the car increased by only 30 mm.
The hull armor was strengthened; all changes led to an increase in the weight of the vehicle by 18%. If the BTR-70 weighed 11.5 tons, then the “eighty” recovered to 13.6 tons. After testing at proving grounds, in 1986 new armored personnel carrier was officially adopted.
Design of the BTR-80
The layout of the machine consists of three parts. At the head there is a control compartment with a crew of a driver and commander. They are positioned like this: on the left is the Mech-Water, on the right is the commander. Middle part occupies a gunner-operator and seven landing personnel.
By the way, ten to twelve people can fit “on the armor.”
The landing force inside the vehicle is located on seating areas along the central axis, facing the sides for the most effective observation and shooting from personal weapons.
The landing force fires through embrasures with ball mounts. They are designed for firing angles from ±15 to ±25° from the central axis of the vehicle. The turret is controlled by a gunner operator, whose combat position is located in the suspended seat of the turret with circular rotation.
The commander of a motorized rifle squad sits in a separate seat immediately behind the driver and commander, and fires from an embrasure in the direction of the vehicle’s movement. Dead zones for landing are the rear hemisphere and the front left part, behind the driver.
The engine in this armored personnel carrier is located in the tail section. The designers placed several small access hatches on the hull to allow quick access to components and mechanisms. power plant and transmissions.
The vehicle's armor is bulletproof and poorly differentiated. The body is assembled from rolled steel sheets, joined by welding, the armor thickness is 5-9 mm. The body is streamlined for better passage of water obstacles, the sheets are installed at different angles of inclination to increase protection during shelling.
The middle frontal sheet is covered with a special shield-wave reflector.
In the raised position, it protects the driver's sight glass from being overwhelmed by waves when moving afloat.
New, wide two-piece doors to the troop compartment were installed. The upper half folds to the side and is fixed with a spring delay; the lower half, in the open position, forms a step, a kind of ramp, and facilitates landing from a moving vehicle.
The vehicle's armament is paired: a large-caliber (14.5 mm) KPVT machine gun and a 7.62 mm PKT. The weapon is placed in a small armored turret for all-round firing, the installation is trunnion-mounted, the elevation angle ranges from −4 to +60°.
The weapon unit is aimed and the turret is rotated manually. Aiming is provided by the 1PZ-2 periscope sight. Monocular optics allows you to cover a KPVT target at a distance of up to 2000 m, PKT up to 1500 m. The ammunition stowage includes 500 cartridges in boxes for KPVT and 2000 for PKT.
Surveillance is carried out through periscopes. The driver has three TNPO-115 periscopes. For operations at night, the use of infrared headlights and an optical device is assumed.
Visibility through observation devices at night, depending on conditions, varies from 60 to 120 meters.
The commander's visibility is provided by a combined type TKN-3 viewing device; for use at night, an OU-3GA2M searchlight with an infrared filter is installed on the vehicle body, which ensures operation in active mode and a visibility range of up to 400 meters.
The operator-gunner is provided with all-round surveillance: front and rear viewing periscopes of the TNP type and a sight. Six additional technical equipment are additionally installed in the troop compartment to provide paratroopers with visibility.
Communication is provided by R-123 radio stations on early episodes machines, later they were replaced by more advanced R-173. In addition, during the modernization, simplex radio stations R-163 were installed on some of the vehicles. Internal communication is provided by R-124, designed for three subscribers.
Modernization and comparison with foreign analogues
Over its many years of service, the BTR-80 has been modernized several times. The following types of vehicles are found in the Russian army:
- command post vehicle, additionally equipped with radio communications and terrain positioning equipment; in addition, part of the BTR-80K was released as mobile control posts missile launches;
- BTR-80A, a modernized version with an uninhabited combat module with a 30 mm 2A72 cannon. Instead of a turret with a pair of machine guns;
- BTR-80M, with a reinforced YaMZ-238 engine, as well as tires with increased bullet resistance and a longer hull;
- BTR-80AM, YaMZ-238 engine and uninhabited combat module.
In addition to Russia, these transporters are in service in 26 countries around the world. Not only Russians like to improve, so there are options that are adjusted even to NATO standards. Hungarian developers have achieved the greatest success in this field:
- BTR-80 SKJ – specialized medical vehicle;
- BTR-80 VSF - for RCBZ troops;
- BTR-80 MVJ – a tow truck for equipment damaged on the battlefield with the possibility of simple repairs on site;
- BTR-80 MPAEJ – device for repair and maintenance;
- BTR-80 MPFJ – engineering and technical modification.
In addition to Hungary, a lot of work was done on the “eighty” in Poland and Ukraine. The attention with which engineers treat this vehicle speaks of its enormous potential for modernization and importance in military affairs.
The use of the BTR-80 in Afghanistan and other conflicts did not greatly interest the American military, accustomed to tracked transporters. The situation was changed by the famous Throw on Pristina, which showed the advantage of wheeled vehicles over tracked vehicles in such operations.
As a result, the US Army received the M1126 Stryker, which is based on the Swiss “Piranha” armored personnel carrier and our “eighty”. Comparative tests, meanwhile, have shown the presence serious problems from the Americans. Because of heavy weight vehicle and transmission features, the Stryker is more likely to get stuck in the mud.
If domestic armored personnel carrier if a mine tears off a couple of wheels, he is quite capable of getting to his own.
The American, despite having the same 8 wheels, gets up after losing at least one of them.
Combat use of the BTR-80
From the moment the first vehicles entered service with the troops, they immediately occupied their rightful niche. Not a single military clash that has occurred since 1986 on the territory under the jurisdiction of the USSR, Russia and allied countries has occurred without at least the indirect participation of the BTR-80.
The armored personnel carrier, the workhorse of any conflict, ensured the fast and relatively safe delivery of manpower to the scene of a collision. She also supported the infantry with the fire of her machine guns, and, if necessary, evacuated wounded soldiers.
An indicative case of the competent use of the qualities of the BTR-80 can be seen in the events of August 1996.
In Grozny parts internal troops found themselves blocked on Minutka Square. There was no possibility of evacuating seriously wounded soldiers. One of the officers, Major Larin, decided to make his way with the wounded on an armored personnel carrier.
Having accelerated, Larin and his crew make their way through the first ring of encirclement, but it was necessary to drive through the entire city. The commander orders false smoke to be lit on the turret of the armored personnel carrier before the next barrier of militants. At the same time, the vehicle is attacked from several sides by grenade launchers.
One of the grenades, having torn off the boxes attached to reinforce the armor on board, explodes near the hull without damaging the engine. The commander orders the driver to slow down without turning off the engine and slowly stop the car. At the same time, the lights flare up, and the complete impression of the machine being defeated is created.
According to Larin’s recollections, the militants rose in full height, expecting stunned and burned soldiers to climb through the hatches. Instead, the crew turns the KPVT towards the attackers. A burst from a machine gun is accompanied by an order to pick up speed again. This trick made it possible to escape from the encirclement and deliver the wounded to the hospital.
In other wars, skillful hands and a clear head made it possible to use the maneuverability and power of armored personnel carriers with all efficiency.
Trace in culture
BTR-80, one of the most popular vehicles last decades made enormous contributions to film and video. Everything that is, in one way or another, related to combat operations will definitely be shown by the BTR-80 sooner or later. Thanks to its characteristic silhouette, it is impossible to confuse this car.
It’s interesting that you can see the device not only in movies, but also in numerous videos of music performers.
With a high degree of probability, if they want to depict “something military” in their creations, then the hard worker BTR-80 will appear there. These machines are often used in small towns on Victory Day.
If you really want to, you can not only fly into space, but also build an BTR-80 yourself and put it on a shelf at home. Russian company“Zvezda”, as well as the Chinese “Trumpeter” and the Italian “ITALERY” and many others are producing prefabricated models of the BTR-80.
Products enjoy in great demand in China. Eastern neighbors, passionate about the reconstruction of the Soviet and Russian armies in Afghanistan and Chechen war, are no less interested in this technology than Russians.
Video
In our country, over the past few decades, a large number of different armored personnel carriers have been created. Despite the differences in technical appearance and characteristics, all these machines had a common purpose. All domestic and foreign armored personnel carriers are designed to transport personnel with weapons. In addition, the “duty” of an armored personnel carrier on the battlefield is to provide fire support for fighters. The creation of domestic armored personnel carriers was accompanied by the constant development of their weapons. From the late forties to the present day, the armament of domestic armored personnel carriers has come as far as the vehicles themselves for which they were created.
BTR-40
The first domestic serial armored personnel carrier, the BTR-40, was created in the late forties, taking into account the operating experience of American M3 Scout Cars, which affected the main features of its appearance. This “origin” of the BTR-40 also influenced its armament. The base vehicle of this model carried defensive weapons in the form of one SGMB machine gun of 7.62 mm caliber. Depending on the situation, the armored personnel carrier shooter could install a machine gun on one of four mounts. There were transverse rods on the front and rear hull plates, and swivel brackets on the sides. Initially, the BTR-40 armored personnel carrier carried devices for mounting a machine gun different designs, but in the mid-fifties, during the next modernization, all brackets were unified. It was intended to install the machine gun on the bracket only in a combat situation. In the stowed position, it was located in the troop compartment, on the left wheel arch.
When installing the SGMB machine gun on the front plate mount, the shooter could fire at targets located within a horizontal sector 160° wide. The permissible reduction was limited to 13-15 degrees, the maximum elevation depended on the design of the machine gun and the ease of its use. The machine gun's side mounting points made it possible to control sectors 140° wide, and the rear unit - 180°. Thus, when moving the machine gun from place to place, almost all-round fire was ensured. Naturally, moving weapons in a combat situation was very difficult.
The SGMB machine gun was fed using belts with 250 rounds of ammunition. IN fighting compartment The BTR-40 armored personnel carrier had space for five boxes of ammunition, each containing one belt. The total transportable ammunition consisted of 1250 rounds of ammunition. In addition, to defend an armored personnel carrier, the shooter could use 8 fragmentation grenades and 2 anti-tank grenades.
In 1951, an anti-aircraft version of the combat vehicle called the BTR-40A appeared. In the troop compartment of this vehicle there was a ZPTU-2 anti-aircraft gun, equipped with two KPV machine guns of 14.5 mm caliber. The elevation angles of the machine gun mount from -5° to +90° made it possible to fire at both air and ground targets. The ammunition load of the two machine guns consisted of 1200 rounds. It should be noted that the ZPTU-2 anti-aircraft gun occupied almost the entire volume of the troop compartment, which is why the former armored personnel carrier was completely deprived of its transport capabilities.
In the mid-fifties, a version of the BTR-40 armored personnel carrier with a completely enclosed body was developed. The BTR-40B armored vehicle received a troop compartment roof with two double-leaf hatches. The hatches were located in the front and rear parts of the roof and were intended for the shooter. To fire, it was necessary to open one of the hatches and install the machine gun on the corresponding bracket. The shooter of the BTR-40B armored personnel carrier could use only two brackets, on the front and rear hull sheets.
BTR-152
Simultaneously with the BTR-40 armored personnel carrier, a similar purpose vehicle, the BTR-152, was created. The design of these two armored vehicles used a noticeable number of common components and assemblies, including weapons. The BTR-152 armored personnel carrier was armed with one SGMB machine gun of 7.62 mm caliber. The weapon mounting systems were similar to those used on the BTR-40. The shooter could fire using one of four brackets on the front, rear or side plates of the hull. The aiming angles and ammunition volumes did not differ from the corresponding parameters of the BTR-40.
In the early fifties, an anti-aircraft version of the BTR-152 combat vehicle was created under the name BTR-152A. Like the BTR-40A, this vehicle was equipped with a ZPTU-2 anti-aircraft machine gun mount with 14.5 mm KPV machine guns. In terms of its characteristics, this weapon was similar to that of the BTR-40A. Despite the relatively large volumes of the troop compartment, the BTR-152A still did not retain its transport function.
In the second half of the fifties, the BTR-152, like the BTR-40, acquired an armored roof. There were three hinged hatches in the roof, two of which could be used by the shooter. As in the case of the BTR-40, the modification of the armored personnel carrier with a roof retained only two brackets for mounting the SGMB machine gun.
BTR-50P
The BTR-50P armored personnel carrier, adopted in 1954, had the same weapons as previous vehicles of this class. The crew of the armored vehicle had one 7.62-mm SGMB machine gun. After the modernization of the late sixties, all armored personnel carriers of this family were re-equipped with PKB machine guns. Both types of machine guns could be mounted on one of two brackets: on the front and rear plates of the troop compartment.
Devices for installing the SGMB machine gun were unified with units of armored personnel carriers of previous models. Thanks to this, the BTR-50P gunner could fire at fairly wide sectors in the front and rear hemispheres. The armored personnel carrier's machine gun used 250-round belts. The transportable ammunition included five belts - 1250 rounds.
There are known attempts to install heavy-caliber DShKM and KPV machine guns on the BTR-50P armored personnel carrier. Despite the great firepower, such options for equipping armored vehicles did not become standard. It should be noted that there are photographs showing BTR-50P armored personnel carriers with large-caliber weapons, however, such machine guns were installed only for parades.
Over time, the BTR-50P armored personnel carrier received an armored roof and a new designation - BTR-50PK. After such modernization, the armament of the armored personnel carrier remained the same, and large hatches were provided in the roof for its use.
According to some reports, the BTR-50P, like previous domestic armored personnel carriers, could become the basis for anti-aircraft self-propelled gun. To do this, it was planned to mount a cabinet with a ZPTU-2 machine gun mount in the troop compartment. In addition, the option of using a four-barrel ZPTU-4 installation was considered. This technique did not go into production.
BTR-60
The BTR-60 armored personnel carrier, which is the direct “ancestor” of all subsequent domestic vehicles for this purpose, did not have a roof in its first modifications. For this reason, the armament of the armored vehicle was consistent with previous armored personnel carriers. The BTR-60 carried a SGMB machine gun mounted on one of three brackets. The brackets were located on the front plate and on the sides of the hull. The shooter had five belts with 1250 rounds at his disposal. There are images of BTR-60 armored personnel carriers with DShKM machine gun on the front bracket and two SGMB on the side, however, such photographs are “indicative” and do not reflect the realities of operation of the armored personnel carrier.
In the mid-sixties, the BTR-60 armored personnel carrier repeated the fate of the previous vehicle and acquired an armored roof. Initially, the armored vehicle had a roof, created taking into account developments from previous projects: a hatch was provided in the roof for using a machine gun. This version of the armored personnel carrier received the designation BTR-60A. Later series of this vehicle received new machine guns; instead of the SGMB, they were equipped with a 7.62 mm PCB.
The BTR-60PB project can be considered a real revolution in the field of armament of domestic armored personnel carriers. For the first time in Soviet practice, an armored personnel carrier received not brackets for attaching weapons, but a full-fledged rotating turret. A relatively small conical turret with a straight frontal plate made it possible to solve several problems that plagued armored personnel carriers of previous models. The armored turret protected the shooter from bullets and shrapnel, allowed weapons to be aimed more accurately, and could also carry more powerful weapons than a rifle-caliber machine gun.
The turret of the BTR-60PB armored personnel carrier was equipped with a 14.5 mm KPVT machine gun and a 7.62 mm PKT machine gun. The shooter could fire in any direction by rotating the turret, and also aim the weapon vertically within the range from -5° to +30°. To aim machine guns, it was proposed to use a PP-61 periscope optical sight with a magnification of 2.6x. The sight made it possible to fire from a large-caliber machine gun at distances of up to 2000 meters, from a PKT - up to 1500 m. The ammunition of the KPV machine gun consisted of 10 belts of 50 rounds each (a total of 500 rounds). The ammunition boxes for the PKT machine gun contained eight belts of 250 rounds each (2000 rounds).
BTR-70
In the early seventies, the new armored personnel carrier BTR-70 entered service with the Soviet army. This vehicle was created on the basis of developments under the BTR-60PB project. It was assumed that new type armored vehicles will be able to take over all the advantages of the base vehicle, but will be deprived of its disadvantages. Apparently, the turret with two machine guns was considered a positive feature of the BTR-60PB armored personnel carrier, as a result of which it was transferred to the BTR-70 without any major changes.
The armament and its characteristics remained the same, although the design of the turret underwent some changes related to manufacturing technology. In addition, it was proposed to install an upgraded PP-61AM periscope sight in the turret of the BTR-70 armored personnel carrier. The dimensions of the ammunition load and firing range remained the same.
After the breakup Soviet Union Some countries that were armed with BTR-70 armored personnel carriers made attempts to modernize them. A number of similar projects involved the use of new weapons, including new combat modules. Thanks to this, the BTR-70 was able to become a carrier of automatic cannons and grenade launchers, as well as anti-tank missiles. In the Russian armed forces, BTR-70 vehicles were operated with basic weapons.
BTR-80
The BTR-80 armored personnel carrier was intended to replace previous vehicles of a similar purpose. As a result, developments from previous projects were widely used in its design. For this reason, in the basic version, the BTR-80 armored vehicle was equipped with almost the same weapons as the BTR-60PB or BTR-70. On the roof of the vehicle they provided a conical turret of a “classic” design for domestic armored personnel carriers.
The armament of the first modification of the BTR-80 was borrowed from previous armored vehicles. The turret was equipped with a 14.5 mm KPVT machine gun and a 7.62 mm PKT machine gun. The machine gun mounting systems have undergone some changes. New manually driven mechanisms made it possible to aim machine guns in a vertical plane within the range from -4° to +60°. The turret of the new armored personnel carrier received updated sighting devices. The BTR-80 shooter must use a 1P3-2 periscope optical sight with variable magnification (1.2x and 4x), providing a field of view with a width of 49 or 14 degrees. The ammunition load of the machine guns remained the same: 10 belts for 500 rounds of 14.5x114 mm cartridges and 8 belts for 2000 rounds of 7.62x54 mm R.
Taking into account the experience of the war in Afghanistan, a modification of the BTR-80 armored personnel carrier with a new weapon system was created. The BTR-80A armored vehicle received a new combat module with more powerful weapons. The relatively small diameter of the turret ring of the base vehicle forced the authors of the BTR-80A project to use a gun monitor arrangement that was new for domestic armored personnel carriers. In pursuit of the BTR-80A vehicle, a rotating platform was mounted, on which there were supports and a swinging installation with weapons. The main weapon of the new model armored personnel carrier was the 30-mm 2A72 automatic cannon. A 7.62-mm PKT machine gun was mounted on the same structure as the gun, and smoke grenade launchers were mounted on the weapon supports. The turret was equipped with 1PZ-9 (day) and TPNZ-42 (night) sights.
The ammunition load of the BTR-80A armored personnel carrier turret consists of 300 rounds for an automatic cannon and 2,000 rounds for a machine gun. It should be noted that all turret components, including ammunition boxes, are located outside the hull, which is why a continuous supply of ammunition is used. The design of the tower allows weapons to be aimed in any direction. The elevation angle is limited to 70 degrees. Depending on the ammunition used, the BTR-80A’s weapons can hit targets at a range of up to 4 kilometers. Interesting feature turret with a 2A72 cannon and a PKT machine gun has a relatively high aiming line - 2.8 meters from the ground. This allows the crew of the armored personnel carrier, if necessary, to take cover behind walls or buildings, leaving the opportunity to monitor the situation and fire. When fighting in urban environments, such capabilities turn out to be very useful.
The turret of the BTR-80A armored personnel carrier has a number of advantages over previous weapon systems, but the power of its weapons may be excessive for some combat missions. In addition, to install a heavy turret with an automatic cannon, it is necessary to modify the body of the base armored personnel carrier. In order to preserve the advantages of the monitor tower and provide the required characteristics, the BTR-80S armored personnel carrier was created. The turret of this combat vehicle is a modified version of the corresponding BTR-80A unit, but instead of a 30-mm automatic cannon it is equipped with a KPVT machine gun. The coaxial machine gun remained the same - PKT 7.62 mm caliber.
BTR-82
In the 2000s, several new modifications of the BTR-80 armored personnel carrier were created. BTR-82 vehicles are equipped with new engines and a number of new equipment designed to improve their performance. As before, the armament complex of the new armored vehicles was made on the basis of the corresponding units of the previous equipment. The original monitor-mounted turret, created for the BTR-80A armored personnel carrier, has been improved and is installed on new modifications of vehicles.
The BTR-82 armored personnel carrier is armed with a turret with a KPVT heavy machine gun and a 7.62 mm PKT. The general features of the turret design, without major changes, were borrowed from the combat module of the BTR-80A armored personnel carrier. KPVT and PKT machine guns have 500 and 2000 rounds of ammunition, respectively. The supply of ammunition to each of the machine guns is carried out using one belt. To improve shooting accuracy, the weapon is equipped with a two-plane stabilizer. Separate day and night sights have been replaced by the TKN-4GA combined device.
The BTR-82A armored personnel carrier carries a 30 mm automatic cannon and a PKT machine gun. The weapon is stabilized in two planes. The cannon and machine gun's ammunition remained the same as on the BTR-80A - 300 shells and 2,000 rounds. The turret of the BTR-82A vehicle is equipped with a sight similar to that used on an armored personnel carrier with machine gun armament.
BTR-90
In the early nineties, the new domestic armored personnel carrier BTR-90 was presented for the first time. This fighting machine was created taking into account the experience of recent wars and was supposed to significantly increase combat effectiveness motorized rifle units. In 2011, the Ministry of Defense finally abandoned the purchase of BTR-90 in favor of promising equipment currently being created. Nevertheless, the armament of an armored personnel carrier that did not go into production is of great interest.
Experienced option
For the first time in domestic practice, it was proposed to equip an armored personnel carrier with a two-man turret with a developed weapon system. In its design and equipment, the BTR-90 turret was to some extent reminiscent of the turret of the BMP-2 infantry fighting vehicle. The main armament of the BTR-90 was supposed to be a 2A42 automatic cannon of 30 mm caliber. A PKTM machine gun of 7.62 mm caliber was to be installed on the same mechanisms with the gun. The barreled weapon had a two-plane stabilizer. On the roof of the turret of a promising armored personnel carrier they provided launcher anti-tank missile complex 9K113 "Competition". The gunner had at his disposal a combined (day and night) sight BPK-Z-42. At the request of foreign customers workplace The gunner could be equipped with a BPK-M sight with a French-made thermal imager. In addition, the armored personnel carrier was equipped with a special 1P3-3 anti-aircraft sight.
BTR-90 with reinforced armor
The turret mechanisms made it possible to aim the weapon 360° in the horizontal plane and from -5° to +75° in the vertical plane. The ammunition load of the automatic cannon consisted of 500 rounds, the coaxial machine gun - of 2000 rounds. In addition, in the fighting compartment of the armored personnel carrier there was space to accommodate four transport and launch containers with 9M113 Konkurs anti-tank missiles. The weapon system used allowed the BTR-90 armored personnel carrier to hit enemy armored vehicles and fortifications with missiles at ranges of up to 4 kilometers. The 2A42 automatic cannon had an effective range for ground targets of up to 4 km, and for air targets - 2-2.5 kilometers.
BTR-D
In the mid-seventies, the airborne troops received a new airborne armored personnel carrier BTR-D. To facilitate the development and construction of new equipment, this project was carried out on the basis of the BMD-1 airborne combat vehicle with extensive use of its components and assemblies. An armored personnel carrier for the Airborne Forces received two PKM machine gun installed in the troop compartment.
In the frontal plate of the troop compartment, located behind the driver's workplace, two hatches were provided through which it was supposed to fire from two PK machine guns. The paratroopers inside the combat vehicle must fire these weapons. The shooters have at their disposal 8 belts of 250 rounds each (1000 rounds per machine gun).
There is information about equipping a certain number armored personnel carriers BTR-D automatic grenade launchers AGS-17. This weapon was mounted on a bracket on the roof of the troop compartment. To fire a grenade launcher, the paratrooper gunner had to use one of the hatches in the roof. Also, some sources mention the existence of armored vehicles with a similar installation of machine guns.
BTR-MD and BTR-MDM
In the near future, the Airborne Forces should receive new equipment of several models. The basis for machines for various purposes, as stated, should become the BTR-MDM armored personnel carrier. This armored vehicle was created on the basis of the previous BTR-MD project. New technology for the Airborne Forces it is proposed to build using existing and newly developed components and assemblies. Some components were borrowed from the BMP-3M infantry fighting vehicle and the BMD-4M airborne combat vehicle.
Like the previous armored personnel carrier for airborne troops The BTR-MDM is armed with light machine guns. The armament of the BTR-MDM vehicle consists of a remote-controlled turret with a 7.62 mm PKTM machine gun. The machine gun's ammunition is located in the box next to it. To aim the machine gun at the target, a 1P67M periscope sight is used. If necessary, the crew can fire from an additional frontal machine gun. Course setting for light machine gun The RPK is located in the frontal plate of the hull in its right half. In addition, there are four smoke grenade launchers on the front plate.
The future of armored personnel carrier weapons
Over the course of half a century, the armament of domestic armored personnel carriers has undergone major changes. The BTR-40 carried only one rifle-caliber machine gun, mounted on one of four brackets. If necessary, the machine gun could be moved to another place or removed and used separately. Armored personnel carriers latest models They have a solid machine gun or cannon-machine gun armament, many times superior to that used on the first vehicles of this class. Recent developments in the field of armored vehicles for motorized rifle troops allow us to say with confidence that the development of weapons continues and is unlikely to stop.
IN last years The domestic and foreign defense industry is actively working to create new combat modules suitable for installation on equipment various models. Domestic enterprises are ready to provide the customer with combat modules of various models, equipped with weapons of different types and classes. Depending on the wishes of the military, armored vehicles can carry machine guns, automatic cannons, automatic grenade launchers and anti-tank missiles. In addition, all current combat modules are equipped with modern sighting devices.
It is the universal combat modules that currently look the most convenient and effective means armament of armored vehicles for motorized rifle units. Similar systems that combine armor elements, weapons and various radio-electronic equipment, allow you to equip equipment with all the necessary systems, and also make it relatively easy to modernize it. As for the armament of future armored personnel carriers, it will most likely retain its basic features. There is reason to believe that such armored vehicles will continue to carry automatic cannons or heavy machine guns coaxial with rifle-caliber machine guns. In addition, automatic grenade launchers and anti-tank missiles can be included in the weapon systems.
However, only time will tell what the armament of future armored personnel carriers will look like. Demonstration of new domestic technology this class should take place in the coming years.
Based on materials from sites:
http://otvaga2004.ru/
http://army-guide.com/
http://arms-expo.ru/
http://all-tanks.ru/
http://armor.kiev.ua/
http://btvt.narod.ru/
http://army.lv/
http://alternathistory.org.ua/
BTR-80 - Soviet armored personnel carrier. Created in the early 1980s as a further development of the BTR-70 armored personnel carrier, taking into account the shortcomings of the latter identified in the Afghan war, and was intended to replace it in motorized rifle troops. The BTR-80 entered mass production in 1984, and, having been modernized several times, is still in production as of 2008. Latest modifications The BTR-80, equipped with reinforced weapons, is classified by many experts as wheeled infantry fighting vehicles.
Used by Soviet troops in the Afghan War, and since the 1990s has been the main armored personnel carrier Armed Forces Russia and a number of other former Soviet republics and was used in almost all major armed conflicts in the post-Soviet space. The BTR-80 was actively supplied and exported; in total, as of 2007, the BTR-80 is in service with approximately 26 states.
History of creation and production
By the early 1980s, the main armored personnel carrier of the USSR was launched into mass production in 1976. BTR-70. The experience of their operation soon showed that despite considerable improvements compared to the earlier BTR-60, most of the main shortcomings of its predecessor were transferred to it almost unchanged. One of them was the relatively complex and unreliable design of the power plant consisting of twin carburetor engines, which were also characterized by increased fuel consumption and a number of other disadvantages compared to a diesel engine. An equally serious problem remained the unsatisfactory disembarkation and landing of troops and crew, which only slightly improved compared to the BTR-60. As the Afghan War showed, the vehicle’s security also remained unsatisfactory. Added to all this on the BTR-70 were problems with the new design of the water-jet propulsion unit, which often became clogged with algae, peat slurry and the like while afloat.
To correct these shortcomings, the GAZ-5903 armored personnel carrier was designed in the design bureau of the Gorky Automobile Plant under the leadership of I. Mukhin and E. Murashkin in the early 1980s. While maintaining the same layout of the BTR-70, new car differed from it in a number of changes. Instead of a pair of carburetor engines, one diesel engine of higher power was installed, and large double hatches were installed in the sides of the hull for boarding and disembarking the crew.
The body itself has become 115 mm taller and longer, and 100 mm wider, although the overall height of the car has increased only by 30 mm. The desire to provide the crew with the ability to fire from under the protection of the armor was further developed, for which the shooting ports on the sides of the hull were replaced by ball mounts turned towards the front hemisphere. The armored personnel carrier's armor was strengthened only slightly, but even so, the weight of the GAZ-5903 increased by 18% compared to the BTR-70, from 11.5 to 13.6 tons, although the mobility of the vehicle generally remained unchanged, and the cruising range only increased. After successful state tests, GAZ-5903 was put into service in 1986 Soviet army under the designation BTR-80.
Modifications
Increased survivability, maneuverability, reliability and service life. Anti-fragmentation protection and air conditioning are also installed. According to experts, the combat effectiveness coefficient of the BTR-82 and BTR-82A has doubled compared to the BTR-80 and BTR-80A, respectively.
Description of design
The BTR-80 has a layout with the control compartment located in the front, the combined landing and combat compartment in the middle, and the engine-transmission compartment in the rear of the vehicle. The regular crew of the BTR-80 consists of three people, a squad (vehicle) commander, a driver and a gunner; in addition to them, the armored personnel carrier can transport 7 motorized riflemen.
Armored hull and turret
The BTR-80 has poorly differentiated bulletproof armor protection. The armored body of the conveyor is assembled by welding from rolled sheets of homogeneous armor steel with a thickness of 5 to 9 mm. Most of the vertical armor plates of the BTR-80, with the exception of the lower side and stern ones, are installed with significant angles of inclination. The armored hull of all BTR-80s has a streamlined shape, which increases its seaworthiness and is equipped with a folding wave-reflective shield that fits in the stowed position on the middle frontal plate of the hull, thus slightly increasing its protection.
In the frontal part of the hull there is a control compartment, in which, on the left and right, respectively, are the driver and commander of the armored personnel carrier. Behind it is a landing squad, combined with a combat one. Six paratroopers in the aft part of the troop compartment are located in it on two longitudinal plastic seats in the center, sitting facing the side. In the front part, immediately behind the driver’s and commander’s seats, there are two single seats for the remaining members of the landing party, with the right seat facing the direction of the vehicle to ensure the possibility of firing, and the left seat, occupied by a member of the landing party, who in combat conditions becomes a turret gunner , turned with his back to the board. Near the seats of all members of the landing force, except for the turret gunner, there are eight ball mounts on the sides with horizontal aiming angles from ±15 to ±25° for firing from personal weapons. The ball installations are deployed in the direction of the front hemisphere, as a result of which the rear hemisphere is a dead zone for paratroopers; there is also a small dead zone in the front left. Also, two more hatches for shelling the upper hemisphere, without ball installations, are available in the landing hatches in the roof.
The BTR-80, like its predecessors, has two rectangular landing hatches in the roof, but the main means of disembarkation and landing on it are large double-leaf side doors located immediately behind the turret. The top lid of the side door folds forward as the vehicle moves, and the bottom one opens down, becoming a step, which, unlike its predecessors, allowed troops to board and disembark from the BTR-80 on the move. The driver and commander, as on previous models of armored personnel carriers, have two individual semicircular hatches above their workplaces. In addition, the BTR-80 hull has whole line hatches and hatches that served for access to the engine, transmission and winch units.
Armament
The BTR-80 is armed with a twin mount of a 14.5 mm KPVT machine gun and a 7.62 mm PKT. The installation is placed on trunnions in the frontal part of the turret, its guidance in the vertical plane, within the range of −4...+60°, is carried out manually using a screw mechanism, horizontal guidance is carried out by rotating the turret. The machine guns were aimed at the target using a periscope monocular optical sight 1PZ-2, which had a variable magnification of 1.2× or 4× with a field of view of 49° and 14°, respectively, and provided fire from the KPVT at a range of up to 2000 meters against ground targets and 1000 m against air targets, and from the PKT - up to 1500 meters to ground targets. The KPVT is designed to combat lightly armored and unarmored enemy vehicles, including low-flying air targets, and has an ammunition load of 500 rounds in 10 belts, equipped with B-32 armor-piercing incendiary bullets, armor-piercing tracer BZT, armor-piercing incendiary bullets with a tungsten carbide core, BST , incendiary ZP and incendiary instant action MDZ. The PKT is designed to destroy enemy personnel and firepower and has an ammunition load of 2000 rounds of ammunition in 8 belts.
Booking
- body forehead, mm: 10
- hull side, mm: 7.9
- hull rear, mm: 7
- turret forehead, mm: 7
- turret side, mm: 7
- turret rear, mm: 7
Mobility
- on the highway, km/h: 80
- cross-country: 40
- afloat: 9
Loading...
