Growing mushrooms at home for beginners on wood chips or other substrate may seem like an overwhelming task. But this is only at first glance. Knowing which mushrooms can be grown under artificial conditions, you will soon be able to harvest a full-fledged harvest that will diversify your daily diet. In addition, mushrooms (camelina or champignons) are very beneficial for the body, and buying them too often is not always profitable in financially. Yes, and you don’t often travel to nature. Alternative option– growing mushrooms at home. Master the basics of caring for indoor mushrooms, and soon you will appreciate the results yourself.

For cultivation and breeding in room conditions The following varieties are most suitable:

• Champignon;
• oyster mushrooms;
• shiitake.

The technology for growing mushrooms, especially these types, is not particularly complicated, and they grow quite quickly. Growing them at home is also advantageous because the substrate for this vegetation is easy to select: straw, sawdust, or manure will do.

Substrate for each type of mushroom

Growing mushrooms at home is not difficult if you use a suitable substrate. First of all, it should not be overly moistened, otherwise mold will grow in it. If you have chosen a solid composition for the base for saffron milk caps or other varieties, it must be crushed. Thus, champignons or chanterelles at home will grow actively, receiving moisture in the required volumes.

Before you figure out how to grow mushrooms, you first need to determine which substrate is optimal for growing certain varieties on it. For example, if you decide to purchase for home breeding oyster mushrooms, straw is suitable as a base. Shiitaki grows much more intensively on wood shavings. As for the champignons, optimal choice for them it is manure.

Fungal spores and mycelium

Indoor mushroom growing with minimal costs- this is reality. Once you have decided on a suitable substrate for growing, it’s time to purchase mycelium - the raw material that will serve as your planting material. The mycelium contains a large number of mushroom spores. You can purchase both wood with spores and grain mycelium. The first option is highly expensive. However, it is often preferred by experts: wood with fungal spores is characterized by good resistance to various diseases.

Preparing the nutrient medium

How to grow chanterelle mushrooms on sawdust or straw? To do this, it is not enough to purchase a high-quality substrate and material for sowing. It is very important to prepare this same substrate for use. First of all, it must be sterilized, since it is necessary to destroy harmful bacteria and microorganisms. For example, add water to the nutritional mixture and place the container in the microwave. When the water has boiled away, the substrate will be completely ready for use.

Necessary conditions for cultivation

Growing indoor mushrooms at home will bear fruit if you take into account the most important factors, affecting the ripening of the crop. First of all, you need to provide indoors high humidity air (about 95%). Constant circulation of fresh air flows is also important, so you cannot do without ventilation. Another key nuance is the optimal temperature.

Remember that growing homemade mushrooms for sale can be harmful to health if you do not follow certain recommendations.

The thing is that when mushrooms ripen, a large number of spores are formed in the air, which are undesirable to inhale. That is why it is better to use a respirator or at least a gauze bandage when caring for your indoor “brainchild”.

Alternative growing methods

Even a beginner can purchase chanterelle mycelium and grow mushrooms for business. If you don't like the classic method, it's worth considering an alternative. Exotic mushrooms are sometimes grown in coffee grounds. It is not necessary to sterilize the substrate. And mushrooms develop well in it. The main thing is to use freshly brewed coffee cake. Of course, you will need a considerable amount of it. But there is a way out: you can turn to a coffee shop for help. This mycelium grows quite actively, and soon after planting you will collect your own mushrooms.

Video “How to grow mushrooms at home”

From this video you will learn how to grow mushrooms at home.

Camelina - mycorrhizal agaric. In many countries it is considered a delicacy and is preferred over porcini mushroom.

There are many different types mushrooms: common camelina, delicious camelina, spruce camelina, pine camelina. This mushroom grows in coniferous forests- spruce and pine.

It can often be found in illuminated areas, edges, clearings, in young forests, in clearings, high places, the sides of forest roads. Prefers sandy soil. It grows in groups and can form a “witch’s circle.” In our country, it is common in the central and northern regions.

Rizhik can be found in the center of the European part of Russia, in the Urals, Far East, in Siberia. The saffron milk cap begins to bear fruit in June and ends in October. The cap of the saffron milk cap is funnel-shaped, lamellar, slightly slimy, and smooth.

The edges are first rolled and then straight. The color of the cap varies: from orange and orange-red to grayish-olive and green ocher. There are dark concentric circles on the cap.

The plates are orange or orange-yellow, thick and frequent. When broken or pressed, they turn green or brown.

The stem of the mushroom is hollow and smooth. It is usually the same color as the mushroom, or a little lighter. The pulp is orange, with a pleasant resinous aroma. It turns green at the cut site. The spore powder is white, sometimes yellowish-pink.

This mushroom with early age exposed to insect larvae.

It is used for frying, salting, pickling. Very young ones can be eaten raw, without heat treatment. Before salting, the camelina should not be soaked, otherwise it will turn green. In terms of calorie content, salted ones are superior to beef.

Selection and preparation of a site
These can only be grown in natural conditions. For them, you need to choose a place that, in terms of its conditions, does not differ from the place where mushrooms naturally grow.

Light, humidity, soil condition, breed and age should be taken into account. For saffron milk caps it is better to choose shaded ones, but not dark places with free air movement.

The soil should be moist and slightly acidic, contain a lot of rotting leaves and pine needles. But at the same time in the spring it should not be filled with water. You can plant pine or spruce trees specifically for these purposes.

Seeding mycelium
Saffron milk caps can be sown in the same way as white ones, in several ways. Collect caps of old overripe mushrooms in the forest and chop them into pieces.

Dry it a little on a thin cloth (gauze is suitable for this purpose), periodically turning it on the other side. In the selected area, lift the top layer of soil and lay it under | pieces of his cap. Compact well and water warm water. Or spread the pieces of the cap on loose soil and also water them.

Or soak old hats in rainwater with added sugar. The next day, mix well and pour under the selected ones.

You can transplant the found mycelium. To do this, it should be carefully dug up in the forest without damage in the form of layers measuring 30 X 30 cm and 25 cm thick and brought home.

Moreover, it is necessary to ensure that the earth does not shake, otherwise the mycelium will be damaged. Layers of earth, without waiting for them to dry, must be immediately planted under the same trees under which they were dug up.

To do this, dig holes of the required size in advance and carefully transfer layers of earth into them. Then water with rainwater. Replant mycelium better in the morning or in the evening.

You can also lay out old hats on a selected area and cover them with moss. In dry weather they should be watered. After 2 weeks, the moss will rise and greenish-purple threads of mycelium can be seen underneath it.

Growing and Harvesting
Growing saffron milk caps involves watering in dry weather. Watering should be done either with rain or well water. The first ones will appear only the next year after the mycelium is planted.

When collecting, you must carefully cut it with a knife, otherwise you can damage the mycelium.

Do you love mushrooms, but don't have time to pick them? Don’t worry, start growing mushrooms in your dacha yourself. The main thing is to know how to do it correctly in order to get a guaranteed harvest.

Growing mushrooms in the country is convenient because you can control this process, creating the most favorable conditions for their growth. And what about in the forest: there was a dry summer, and then early frosts of the soil and that’s it - there will be no harvest of forest mushrooms! If you don’t want to depend on the vagaries of nature, feel free to try growing mushroom plantations on your site.

White mushroom (boletus)

This handsome man, the king of all mushrooms, can be safely moved from the forest to your own plot, and if the outcome is favorable, you will receive an impressive harvest next year.
There are several ways to breed forest boletus.

Mycelium transplant

Few resort to this method, since the outcome of the operation depends on careful adherence to the technology. Judge for yourself, it is quite difficult to dig up a mycelium and move it to your site without damaging it. Nevertheless, many have succeeded, and you should try it too.

The transferred mycelium should interact with the roots of shrubs and trees, so choose a place on the site where you have deciduous or coniferous trees and bushes! It is extremely important to plant the white mushroom under the same tree from which the mycelium was dug out.

So, choose a suitable place on your site and prepare the ground next to the desired tree. To do this, remove 20-30 cm of the top layer of soil at a distance of 0.5 m from the tree trunk. At the bottom of the formed hole, lay ready-made compost from fallen leaves and tree dust, and sprinkle a small layer of earth on top. Now you can lay a layer of soil with mycelium, water it and sprinkle it with a layer of leaves. If the weather is dry in the first 14 days after planting, periodically water the mycelium.

Growing mushrooms from mycelium

One of the most popular methods among mushroom pickers. You can buy ready-made mycelium - it is freely available in many garden stores. Before implementing this method, prepare the site and soil. Choose a location in the shade of trees where the soil is moist. At a distance of 0.5 m from the tree trunk, remove the top layer of soil to a depth of 0.5 m. Calculate the area of ​​the hole in advance based on the amount of mycelium acquired.

This is what mushroom mycelium looks like

Prepare a substrate from dust, sawdust and leaves. Place it on the bottom of the hole in a layer of about 20 cm. Sprinkle it with soil on top (about 10 cm). Next, lay a mixed layer of soil and compost. Now you can lay mycelium mixed with soil on top of this. Distribute it by hand, compacting it evenly. Sprinkle soil on top and water, cover with fallen leaves.

Ready-made substrates for planting porcini mushrooms, as well as mycelium, are sold in specialized stores. These mixtures are an excellent alternative to forest mycelium.
After planting the mycelium, the area must be watered regularly. If planting the mycelium is successful, the harvest will appear next year. This mycelium can bear fruit in 2 to 5 years.

Mushroom seedlings

The easiest way to grow porcini mushrooms is from mushroom seedlings. To do this, just finely chop or mince the mushroom caps. Then pour the resulting substance with water and leave for a day. During this time, you can start preparing the site. Dig up the soil under the selected tree and generously fertilize it with compost (same as in the methods described above). Pour mushroom infusion over the prepared area and sprinkle leaves on top.

If there is no forest trees, don’t despair - try planting mushrooms near wooden buildings on the shady side. And remember that the porcini mushroom does not like fruit trees, so try to avoid such proximity.

In cold winters, do not forget to sprinkle the mycelium with compost, and, if necessary, cover with polyethylene or roofing felt.

The optimal time for planting porcini mushrooms is from May to September. Mushrooms should be planted in the ground at dusk.

Boletus (redhead)

As you already understood from the name, this mushroom mainly grows in aspen groves. Sometimes he can be found in mixed forest. If you undertake to grow a mushroom in the country, then the issue of choosing a site should be approached as carefully as in the case of porcini mushroom.

Boletus, like many others Forest mushrooms, belongs to mycorrhizal fungi. This means that it forms a symbiosis with the roots of trees, i.e. mutually beneficial cohabitation. Therefore, the site must have aspen, birch or oak. Plant your future plantation in the shade of these trees.

Boletuses can be bred using:

Spore (mushroom seedlings)

Spores form on the underside of the caps of overgrown mushrooms. This is what you should prepare: add water and leave for several hours. Use the resulting infusion of spores in water to water the area you have chosen for growing mushrooms. The caps can also be dried and used as seed. Germinating spores form mycelium (mycelium).

Fruiting bodies

Collect young boletuses in the forest, chop them and bury them in your area in the top layer of soil in the shade of trees.

Mycelium

Wild mycelium can be collected from the forest by digging up along with the soil and trees. This way you will move the mycelium to your site, just as in the case of boletus mushrooms. Or you can buy ready-made mycelium in the store.

Setting up a mushroom plantation and care

Prepare compost. Spread it on the ground plastic film, lay leaves and wood dust with manure on it in layers, taken in a ratio of 9:1. Fill the pile with warm water and leave for a week. During this time it should warm up to a temperature of 35-40°C. Now you can shovel it until smooth and leave it for another 5 days.

Redheads can be planted from mid-May to September (in more warm regions– from the beginning of May).

In the selected area around the tree, dig a hole 30 cm deep and 2 sq.m. in area. If the tree's roots are at or close to the surface of the soil, remove only the top layer.

Fill the hole with compost. If it is deep, then lay the compost to ground level; if it is shallow, lay it out in layers, alternating compost (10-12 cm) and soil (5-6 cm), until the height of the layers reaches 50 cm above ground level.

Then, at a distance of 25-30 cm, make holes 20 cm deep. Dip pieces of boletus mycelium into them and cover them with soil. Immediately water the plantation with water at the rate of 20 liters per 1 sq.m and cover with a layer of fallen leaves or forest litter.

Don’t forget to insulate the mycelium for the winter

In order for the mycelium to take root, it is useful to feed it with a sugar solution: 10 g of sugar per 10 liters of water. In summer, keep the soil slightly moist. Water the area periodically, especially during dry periods. For the winter, cover it with a layer of fallen leaves, moss or spruce branches, and in the spring do not forget to remove them.

At favorable conditions Fruiting of boletuses begins the very next year after the establishment of the plantation. The yield is 5-15 mushrooms per 1 sq.m. At proper care a mushroom clearing will delight you with a harvest for 4-5 years. After this period, the mushroom mycelium must be replanted using the same method.

boletus

The next “forest dweller” beloved by many mushroom pickers is the boletus, which is also not difficult to grow on your own.

The boletus, like any forest mushroom, for normal life and growth requires not a stump, but a living tree. From its root system, the mycelium absorbs carbohydrates and amino acids, giving the tree moisture, mineral compounds and natural antibiotics that protect it from pests and diseases. Therefore, it is extremely important that the mushroom zone is as close as possible to natural environment mushroom habitat.

As for the growing methods, they are the same as for boletus and boletus.

Reproduction by spores

Finely chop the overripe mushrooms and mix with one spoon of flour and gelatin powder. Pour the mixture into the moist soil under mature trees. The spores will germinate and form a mushroom root. After a few seasons you can expect the first harvest.

Growing from fruiting bodies

Select young boletus specimens, chop them and bury them in the top layer of soil next to the root system of the tree. The fruiting bodies form mycelium, and within a year, with good soil moisture, you can get a small harvest of 2-3 mushrooms.

As an option in rainy weather You can scatter small pieces of young mushrooms under the trees and cover them with fallen leaves. The formation of mycelium will be no less effective.

Mycelium transplant

This is a labor-intensive and not always effective process. Find a young tree in the forest with boletus under it. Carefully dig up the mycelium and transfer it to your site. Place it under a deciduous or coniferous tree.

Do not place mushroom plantings next to fruit crops, since mushrooms form mycorrhizae and grow in symbiosis only with forest trees. Many mushrooms are even named after the trees near which they live (boletus, boletus).

Oiler grainy

This mushroom is very convenient to propagate by transplanting the mycelium.

If you notice a couple of small pines with a constant harvest of boletus mushrooms, you can safely transplant the mushrooms to your plot. Remember, boletus prefers lime-rich soils and indirect sunlight. The mycelium tolerates transplantation quite comfortably and takes root well. With regular watering (you need to water it especially generously in dry weather), after 3-4 years the first mushrooms will appear and will delight you with abundant fruiting throughout the season - every three weeks, starting in mid-May.

Country boletus is almost not susceptible to attacks by worms, and the size of their caps can reach 10 cm.

Ryzhik

Another wonderful mushroom that is so easy to “domesticate” is saffron milk cap!

For him, as for his forest brothers, it is also important to create the right conditions, as close as possible to natural ones. Saffron milk caps prefer to grow in the shade with good air circulation. The soil should be moist and contain rotting leaves and needles. It is important to ensure that with the onset of spring the area is not flooded with water, otherwise the mushrooms will die.

There are several ways to grow a plantation of saffron milk caps.

Sowing mycelium

As in previous cases, collect the caps, but this time of old mushrooms. Cut them finely and, after drying them on a cloth, carefully place them on damp soil. Tamp it down well, cover it with moss and water it with warm water. After 2 weeks, lift the moss: if greenish-purple threads are visible underneath it, similar to ordinary mold, and the caps have disappeared, then the mycelium has taken root.

Spruce saffron milk caps should be placed under spruce trees, and pine saffron milk caps should be placed under pine trees.

Transfer of mycelium

This method is also very effective in the case of sowing saffron milk caps. Carefully dig out the mycelium with a layer thickness of at least 25 cm, being careful not to damage it. Plant the mycelium as soon as possible so that it does not have time to dry out, and do not forget to regularly moisten the soil.

The first mushrooms will germinate only next year after you have planted the mycelium or transferred the mycelium. You need to collect them by carefully cutting the stem and trying not to damage the root. If you do not follow this rule, then the number of mushrooms will only decrease every year.

Of course, not every summer resident can grow a crop of wild mushrooms on their own the first time. However, don't despair. Try to tame different “forest inhabitants”, look for optimal methods of breeding, and very soon this labor-intensive process will be rewarded with the first harvest of homemade mushrooms.

Mostly saffron milk caps grow in the forests of the Urals, the Far East and Siberia. From a distance you can see its funnel-shaped cap, smooth and slightly slimy to the touch. The mushroom cap itself can have a fairly diverse color palette, from bright orange to green. There must be dark circles on the hat.

The mushroom stem is empty and smooth. It usually matches the color of the mushroom, but sometimes it can be a little lighter. If you cut the mushroom pulp, it will begin to exude a pleasant resinous aroma, and the color of the pulp on the cut will begin to turn green over time. The fungus is very actively attacked by insects and their larvae.

To start growing saffron milk caps at home, you need to decide on the choice and preparation of a place. These mushrooms grow only in natural conditions and in order to grow them on your own garden plot you will need to choose a place so that it does not differ much from where the camelina grows in natural conditions.

Growing saffron milk caps is not as easy as it might seem at first glance. It is necessary to take light, air humidity, soil condition and the age of surrounding trees seriously. Saffron milk caps love shaded places with free air circulation. As for the soil, it must be moist with high content rotting leaves and needles. But at the same time, with the onset of spring, this area should not be flooded with water, otherwise all the mushrooms will simply disappear.

There are several ways to sow saffron milk caps.

The first is to collect the caps of old mushrooms, chop them finely and dry them on a fabric surface, carefully introducing these dry particles into wet ground. After this, the soil should be compacted well and irrigated with warm water.

The second method is to soak old caps of saffron milk caps with warm, sweetened water for a while. The next day, after mixing well, pour the dough under the desired trees and wait.

The third method is the possibility of transferring ready-made mycelium. It must be carefully dug up without damaging it in the form of a layer at least 25 cm thick. When carrying the layer home, do not shake it, otherwise you will damage the entire mycelium. The layer should be planted without waiting for the soil to dry out. It is advisable to do this under the same trees where the mycelium was dug up. Don't forget to water your mycelium frequently with rainwater. This mushroom loves moist soil.

The main concern when growing saffron milk caps is watering the land in dry weather. Water mushroom place followed by rainwater. The first mushrooms will germinate only next year after you have planted the mycelium. You need to pick mushrooms by carefully cutting the stem with a knife, trying not to damage the root. If you do not heed this condition, then next year the number of mushrooms will not increase, but rather will decrease, and you will agree that this is not very pleasant.

We grow white mushrooms, saffron caps, boletus...

If your garden plot is adjacent to a forest or there are individual trees growing on it (birch, aspen, spruce or pine), then you can try growing porcini mushrooms, aspen mushrooms or boletus mushrooms and saffron milk caps there, although success cannot be guaranteed.

The fact is that most valuable forest mushrooms are in a complex symbiosis with trees. Their mycelium fuses with the roots of trees, forming a fungal root, or mycorrhiza. These fungi are called mycorrhizal. Their connection with trees is very complex and strong. The mycelium of mycorrhizal fungi, although poorly, can still grow without a tree, but the mushrooms themselves cannot form without it. It has not yet been possible to breed mycorrhizal fungi under artificial conditions.

However, growing them in natural conditions Perhaps amateur mushroom growers have already accumulated quite a lot of experience in this matter. Especially prized porcini mushrooms and saffron milk caps have been grown in Russia since the end of the last century. Nowadays, amateurs breed mostly white ones.

This method was used before. Overripe porcini mushrooms were poured with rainwater in a wooden bowl, kept for about a day, then stirred, filtered through a thin cloth, and selected areas under the trees were watered with this water with numerous fungal spores.

Another option. Small (matchbox-sized) pieces of mycelium, carefully dug out where the mushrooms grew, are transferred to the selected location. Carefully place them in shallow holes, cover with bedding and lightly moisten.

If the weather is damp, then you only need to moisten it when planting, but if it’s dry, you need to periodically lightly spray the litter (do not water!) so that the soil under it is always moist.

The third method is to use pieces of ripe mushroom caps. There may be different options here. Can be laid out on. loosened litter under the trees, pieces of fresh ripe mushroom caps. After three to four days, these pieces are removed and the litter is moistened. Dried pieces of caps are also planted and placed under the litter.

Using this method, I managed to breed saffron milk caps on my property - under several planted spruce trees.

Another method is to separate the tubular part of the cap from mature porcini mushrooms, chop them into pieces up to 2 cm³, and dry them, stirring, for one and a half to two hours. Then use a wooden spatula to lift top part litter and place two or three pieces of mushroom there, after which the litter is compacted and carefully watered.

With all these methods, already next year, under favorable conditions, you can get a small harvest of mushrooms. This will be for now individual mushrooms or small families. And after a year you can count on a more significant harvest. It should be noted that such methods of growing mycorrhizal fungi are still theoretically unsubstantiated and are associated with weather and other factors, so there may be failures, but they should not confuse amateur mushroom growers.

You can try to grow forest mycorrhizal mushrooms using the described methods in a nearby forest or grove where there are young (five to 10 years old) pines, spruces, and oaks. The location is chosen similar to where it was taken from. planting material(by soil composition, tree stand, nature of undergrowth, grass cover). This can significantly increase the productivity of forest lands, especially in suburban forests, the mushroom reserves of which are gradually decreasing.

Secrets of growing mushrooms at your own dacha

To plant mushrooms on your site, you need to choose a place that closely resembles a forest: those trees (deciduous or coniferous) that your chosen species prefers to be near should grow there. Often, the most favorable neighborhood is indicated by the name of the species itself: boletus, boletus, etc. If you plan to grow milk mushrooms, choose a place near a poplar, willow or birch.

Suitable neighbors for porcini mushrooms would be oak, beech, hornbeam, and coniferous trees. There should be no agricultural crops nearby - such proximity will have a bad effect on the mushrooms being grown. If there are no forest trees on the site, you can use a place on the shady side of a wooden building. With long-cultivated species, for example, oyster mushrooms and champignons, there is less such hassle. The main thing is that the place is shaded and moist.

Let's look at several ways to grow wild mushrooms in the country.

To grow mushrooms using spores, you don’t need to buy anything special; planting material can be prepared at home. We need to find representatives in the forest the desired type with overripe caps, even wormy ones: spores develop in them, that is, mushroom seeds. You will need a container of water, preferably river or rain. To start the fermentation process, you need to dilute a few tablespoons of sugar or kvass starter in water. After kneading the caps with your hands, add them to the water. You should get a homogeneous mass.

It should be infused for about a day, stirring regularly. It can be longer (some sources indicate up to several weeks). Caps for fermentation should be used no later than 10 hours after collection. You cannot store them for a long time, much less freeze them - the spores will die and will no longer be able to reproduce.

Before planting, the starter should be strained and the resulting liquid poured into clean water(1:10). Water the selected area of ​​land with the diluted spore concentrate. If you plant mushrooms in this way, it is recommended to additionally mulch the area with fallen leaves: once after the mushrooms have been planted, then before the onset of cold weather, so that the layer is thicker.

Growing wild mushrooms in the garden is possible by transplanting mycelium. Butterflies take root especially well. With this method of growing mushrooms on summer cottage The presence of forest trees is especially important, and the same ones under which the mycelium grew in the forest. The garden space needs to be prepared in advance.

To breed butterflies using this method, you need to select soil with a high lime content and proximity to pine trees. True, you will have to wait 3-4 years after transplanting for the first oil, but the harvest can be harvested from mid-May every three weeks. Boletus grown in the country can be very large, with caps up to 10 cm.

You can plant mushrooms on the site using mycelium. This is the most traditional method, usually used by those who deal with cultivated oyster mushrooms and champignons, including on a commercial scale. Mycelium of mushrooms, including forest mushrooms, is commercially available. You can choose porcini mushrooms, boletus mushrooms, milk mushrooms, chanterelles, all kinds of oyster mushrooms, including pink ones, and many others.

Mycelium is of compost type (sold already with soil) and grain. In the vast majority of cases, the second type is used (a bag of seeds is still much more transportable than a bag of soil), so we will consider it. The required area required for growing milk mushrooms or other mushrooms is usually indicated on the packaging, as well as special growing conditions. The first mushrooms will appear the next year after planting, and full fruiting will begin after 2 years.

Depending on the type of mushroom and maintenance conditions, the harvest from one mycelium can be harvested from 2 to 5 years.

The best period for sowing mushrooms is from May to September. To be one of the above methods To propagate mushrooms in the garden bed, select a place about 50 cm from the tree and remove the top layer from the soil. Cover the area with a mixture of fallen leaves, sawdust and dust. Then combine the same mixture with soil and pour it over the first layer. The thickness of each layer should be about 10 cm. Then, depending on the method, apply a mixture of mycelium with a growth accelerator on top and carefully compact it or place the mycelium brought from the forest. Cover the area with soil, water it well and cover it with fallen leaves (from the current year or last year, depending on the season).

If you wish, you can sow spores or mycelium in a ready-made substrate, which is sold in some garden centers. Some varieties (oyster mushrooms, for example) need to be grown vertically, so they will require boxes with holes in the sides or hanging bags. It is advisable to sow in cool weather.

Growing mushrooms require minimal care - you just need to make sure that the area does not dry out. Vertically growing varieties must also be sprayed. In the spring, for some species, it is advisable to add a growth activator to the soil (if you are using industrial mycelium, this may be indicated on the packaging). Mushrooms do not need any other kind of feeding. Moreover, you should not loosen the soil, which can damage the mycelium.

So, we looked at how to grow mushrooms in your own country house. In conclusion, let's learn a few important rules, which will come in handy when it’s time to pick mushrooms. Mushrooms should not be picked - this can damage the mycelium to such an extent that it will stop bearing fruit. You need to cut them carefully sharp knife near the very base of the leg.

Even if the recipe only requires the cap, cut everything off at the root: the remaining stem will rot and this process will quickly cover the entire mycelium. It is not recommended to use overripe mushrooms - they accumulate harmful substances and this can happen even if your dacha is located far from businesses or highways. Harvest It is advisable to cook or preserve it as soon as possible.

In this video you will hear useful tips on growing mushrooms in the country.

Spitake, Lentinus edible

Found in Japan, China and other countries South-East Asia. In Russia, single specimens are found in the Far East. Grows on dead wood hardwood(oak, chestnut and other trees).

The mushroom is supported on a central or lateral stalk. The cap is hemispherical, from 6 to 14 cm in diameter, light yellow, brown or dark brown, covered with radially arranged gray scales. The plates are white and free. The pulp is white, dense, pleasant taste, with a balsamic aroma. The leg is dense, gray with a brown tint. For mycelium growth it is necessary temperature regime 24-26 °C. At temperatures above 35 °C, its growth stops. For the formation of fruiting bodies, the temperature should be from 12 to 20 ° C, air humidity 80-90%.

Spitake has a wonderful taste, has a beneficial effect on the body's defenses due to the content of vitamins B12 and provitamin D, as well as substances with antitumor, hematopoietic, antiviral and even anti-AIDS effects. The mushroom regulates and reduces cholesterol in the blood, prevents the development of viral diseases.

Growing Spitak . Spitak grows on dead wood of oak, hornbeam, beech, chestnut, maple, alder, birch, and linden. Spitak grows best on oak wood. It is being prepared late autumn or in early spring before the buds open. At this time, the amount of carbohydrates in wood increases. This allows mushrooms to grow. The wood remains in the forest. It is cut into logs 1 m long (less often 1.5 m) and 10-12 cm in diameter. Holes with a diameter of 2 cm and a depth of 1.5 cm are made on the prepared logs at a distance of 20 cm, in a spiral, at the rate of 15-20 pieces - for one log. Each hole is filled with seed mycelium and sealed with a wooden plug or wax, plasticine or adhesive tape.

For mycelium to grow, a temperature of 13-27 °C and a humidity of 90% are required. The logs are placed in clean areas on the edges of the forest and covered with straw mats. IN dry time The logs are moistened with water. After a year, the logs are moved to a damp, dark place. For fruiting the temperature must be 12-20 °C.

You can grow mushrooms in greenhouses, where you can harvest them at any time of the year. Logs with mycelium are kept in dry places. After the mycelium grows, the logs are soaked for 1-2 days in cold water, after which they are placed in a greenhouse on racks or hung at a temperature of 15-20 ° C. Usually mushrooms appear within 7-10 days. The logs are watered. No other care required. The mushroom begins to grow from the second year if there is rain. Spitak fruit bears fruit for 3-6 years. Mushrooms are harvested young, with strongly convex caps and visible traces of the veil.

Growing forest mycorrhizal fungi

The whole world is passionate about growing champignons and oyster mushrooms. Attempts are being made to tame wild mushrooms. Champignons have excellent taste qualities, but they will not replace either porcini mushrooms or saffron milk caps. However, many forest mushrooms do not grow in garden beds. Porcini mushrooms, saffron milk mushrooms, milk mushrooms and others cannot be cultivated under artificial conditions. They are in a complex symbiosis with certain forest species, forming a fungal root or mycorrhiza. The mycelium of mycorrhizal species cannot develop without a tree, and mushrooms cannot appear without it. Typical mycorrhizal fungi have a strong connection with trees and can be grown on personal plot, if it approaches the forest and there are individual trees on it: spruce, pine, birch, oak, aspen. Traditional methods can be used here.

Breeding boletus

The porcini mushroom (boletus, mullein) grows in deciduous and coniferous forests, sometimes singly, often in groups. The cap is up to 25 cm in diameter, initially hemispherical, later cushion-shaped, light brown; dry, smooth. The pulp is white and does not change color when cracked. The tubular layer of young mushrooms is white, then yellow-green. Spore powder is yellow-brown. The height of the leg is up to 17 cm, the diameter is 2-5 cm. The leg is club-shaped, swollen. Meet following forms white mushroom.

White oak mushroom. The cap is brownish with a gray tint. The pulp is white, loose. The leg is long. Grows in oak forests from early July to October.

White birch mushroom. Its cap is light brown, ocher-yellow or whitish. The leg is thick and short. Grows in birch forests from early July to mid-October.

White pine mushroom. The cap is dark brown with an olive tint or almost black. The leg is short and thick. Grows in pine forests from the second half of June to half of October.

Spruce porcini mushroom. The cap is brown, reddish-brown, chestnut-brown, smooth, dry. The leg is long. Grows in spruce plantations from July to September.

Under natural conditions, fungi multiply their offspring through spores. They can become the basis of planting material.

Caps of overripe porcini mushrooms are collected in the forest. In this case, you need to proceed from what kind of trees there are on your personal or garden plot: birch, spruce, pine. Mushrooms are brought from the forest under these trees; the caps are chopped into pieces, which are lightly dried on gauze for 2-3 hours, turning from side to side. Raise a layer of litter near the tree and place a piece of the cap under it. The soil is compacted and watered with warm water. Pieces of caps can also be laid out on loosened soil or on tree roots. After 3-4 days, the pieces are removed, and the place where they were is moistened.

The second, simplified method is to place old porcini mushrooms in a bucket or garden watering can and fill it with rain or well water. In this state, the seeds are kept indoors for several days, during which time the mushrooms become limp and spread into threads. The mixture is shaken with a stick and then watered with it on the site chosen for breeding boletus mushrooms.

There is a third way to use forest mycelium. The techniques are performed in a certain sequence. They determine the conditions under which mushrooms grow in the forest, and select similar places on the site, taking into account the condition of the soil, its moisture, the species, and age of the trees. For mushrooms, select shaded places, with gaps and fresh air movement, with moist soil, if possible with big amount rotting leaves, pine needles, plant humus. They dig up mushrooms in the forest along with layers of earth measuring 30 x 30 cm and 20-25 cm thick near the same trees on the site. These layers are placed in baskets in one layer. When carrying, you need to ensure that nests of mushrooms and other vegetation are preserved and do not allow them to dry out. For planting, holes are made in selected places. The layers transferred from the forest are carefully transferred into them. Landing should occur in the morning or evening, best season– late summer – early autumn, when there is enough moisture in the soil from rain. The mushroom garden is watered moderately with rainwater if possible for several days. Such watering is necessary even in wet weather.

Fourth way. For mature porcini mushrooms, the tubular part of the cap is separated, crushed into pieces up to 2 cm in size, dried, and mixed. Using a wooden spatula, lift the upper part of the litter and place 2-3 pieces of mushroom there, after which the litter is compacted and carefully watered.

With all these methods, next year, under favorable conditions, you can get a small harvest of mushrooms. At first these are individual mushrooms or small families. And after a year you can count on a more significant harvest. These methods of growing mycorrhizal fungi are very dependent on the weather.

You can grow forest mycorrhizal mushrooms in a nearby forest or grove using the methods described. For this purpose, birch or oak groves, young plantings of pine, spruce, and oak trees are used. You need to choose a place similar to where the planting material will come from, which will ensure the success of growing mushrooms. With a successful combination of circumstances, mushrooms will appear on the site in small quantities next year, and in the second year there will be more of them. They grow in the same time frame as wild mushrooms.

For some mushroom growers, the boletus harvest reaches 40-50 pcs per 1 m2. To prevent the fertility of the site from decreasing, it is necessary to sow spores annually or plant new layers with forest mushrooms.

Growing saffron milk caps

Saffron milk caps can be pine or spruce.

Pine mushroom. The mushroom is orange-red in color. Saffron milk caps show off whole families together in young, sparse pine forests, forest edges, and forest clearings, and can form “witch rings.” It grows from June to the end of September. His hat is rounded and convex; with age, a depression forms in its middle. It has an orange-red, faded hue, with concentric dark orange zones. The edges of the caps of young mushrooms are curved and straighten out over time. The diameter reaches 17 cm. The pulp is dense, fleshy, orange color, turning green at the break. The taste of the mushroom is bland. The milky, abundant sap has an orange-yellow color, which turns green in the air. Spore powder – yellow; the leg is cylindrical, hollow inside, the same color as the cap, turning green when touched. The diameter of the leg is 2-6 cm, height is up to 2 cm. The flesh inside is white. The mushroom has a pleasant resinous odor. In terms of taste and nutritional qualities, camelina belongs to the first category of mushrooms. This is one of the most delicious mushrooms.

Spruce mushroom, or spruce. Grows in young spruce forests. The fruiting time is the same as for pine saffron milk cap. The cap is thinner, reddish-red or bluish-green. milky juice carrot-reddish color. The stem is the same color as the cap or a little lighter.

The most famous are Kargopol, Tver, Ivanovo, and Transbaikal saffron milk caps.