Year of birth in Vysotsky. About the real reasons for the death of Vladimir Vysotsky

Vladimir Vysotsky was born on January 25, 1938 in Moscow into a military family. Early childhood The future poet spent time in a cramped communal apartment. In 1941 - 1943, during the Great Patriotic War, Vladimir and his mother were evacuated in the Orenburg region. Since 1947, Vysotsky has lived with his father in Germany. At the end of 1949 he returned to Moscow.

Training, first roles

In 1953, Vysotsky became a member of the drama club, under the leadership of the Moscow Art Theater artist V. Bogomolov. In the same year, the poet created his first poem - “My Oath”.

In 1955, Vladimir Semenovich graduated from school and entered the Civil Engineering Institute in Moscow. Six months later, he leaves the institute, deciding to enter the theater school.

In 1956, Vysotsky, whose biography abruptly changed direction, entered the acting department of the Moscow Art Theater School. In 1959, Vladimir Semenovich made his debut in a theater production (Porfiry Petrovich in Crime and Punishment) and a film (the film Gossip Girls).

Actor and musician

After completing his studies, since 1960 Vladimir Semenovich has been working at the Drama Theater named after. Pushkin in Moscow. In 1961, Vysotsky wrote his first song - “Tattoo”.

After working a little at the Theater of Miniatures, Vladimir Semenovich got a job at the Taganka Drama and Comedy Theater. In 1968, the musician’s first album, “Songs from the movie “Vertical””, was released.

In 1970, something happened in Vysotsky’s personal life: an important event- the poet married actress Marina Vladi, who became his third wife and muse. In the fall of 1971, at the Taganka Theater, Vladimir Semenovich debuted with his most famous role - Prince Hamlet from Shakespeare's tragedy of the same name.

Last years

In February 1978, Vysotsky was awarded the highest category of pop vocalist. While touring with the Taganka Theater troupe, Vladimir Semenovich visited Bulgaria, France, Germany, Yugoslavia, Canada, the USA, Poland, Mexico, Hungary, and Tahiti.

IN brief Vysotsky biography it is worth mentioning that in last years During his life, the actor became addicted to drugs, smoked and drank a lot. In 1979, during a performance in Bukhara, Vladimir Semenovich had a clinical death.

July 18, 1980 Vysotsky last time played the role of Hamlet. A week later, on July 25, 1980, Vysotsky died of heart failure. The poet was buried at Vagankovskoe cemetery in Moscow.

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Born on January 25, 1938 in Moscow, RSFSR, USSR.
An outstanding Soviet poet, bard, theater and film actor, author of several prose works.

Father - Semyon Vladimirovich (1916-1997) - military signalman, veteran of the Great Patriotic War, colonel. Mother - Nina Maksimovna (1912-2003).
In 1955 he entered the mechanical faculty of the Moscow Civil Engineering Institute, which he left after the first semester.

In 1960 he graduated from the Studio School at the Moscow Art Theater, course P.V. Massalsky.
In 1960-1962 - actor at the Moscow Theater named after A.S. Pushkin.
In 1962-1964 he was an actor at the Moscow Theater of Miniatures.
In 1964-1980 - actor at the Taganka Drama and Comedy Theater.

He made his film debut in 1959 in the cameo role of student Petya in the film “Peers” directed by Vasily Ordynsky.
For a long time, Vysotsky’s talent as a film actor remained undiscovered. As a rule, he got small, dull episodes, but his powerful temperament and extraordinary talent always found an opportunity to manifest themselves in supporting roles. There were only a few main roles in his life - Brusentsov (“Two Comrades Served”), Ryaboy (“Master of the Taiga”), von Koren (“Bad good man"), the Arab (“The Tale of How Tsar Peter Married the Arab”), Zheglov (“The meeting place cannot be changed”), Don Guan “Little Tragedies”). All of them are played with brilliance and are marked by high mastery of transformation.

Vladimir Vysotsky was married three times.
The first wife is actress Iza Zhukova.
The second wife is actress Lyudmila Abramova. This marriage produced two sons: Arkady (born November 29, 1962), who became a screenwriter, and Nikita (born August 8, 1964), who, like his parents, became a theater and film artist.
The third wife is French actress of Russian origin Marina Vladi.

Together with the actors of the Taganka Theater, Vysotsky went on tour abroad: to Bulgaria, Hungary, Yugoslavia (BITEF), France, Germany, Poland. Having received permission to go to his wife in France for a private visit, he also managed to visit the USA several times (including concerts in 1979), Canada, Mexico, England, Italy, etc.

V.S. Vysotsky gave more than 1000 concerts in the USSR and abroad.

On January 22, 1980, he recorded on CT in the Kinopanorama program, fragments of which will be shown for the first time in January 1981, and the entire program (running time 1 hour 3 minutes) will be released only in 1987.

Last summer V.S. Vysotsky. Brief chronology.
June 11, 1980 - Vladimir Vysotsky and Marina Vladi saw each other for the last time in France.
June 12, 1980 - after the end of the Taganka Theater tour, which took place in Poland, Vysotsky returns to Moscow.
June 17, 1980 - Vysotsky was confirmed as the director of the new film “The Green Van”.
June 22, 1980 - one of Vysotsky’s last concerts took place in Kaliningrad, at which he became ill.
July 3, 1980 - Vysotsky’s performance at the Lyubertsy City Palace of Culture in the Moscow region.
July 13, 1980 - the 217th performance of the play “Hamlet” took place at the Taganka Theater.
July 14, 1980 - during a performance at NIIEM (Moscow), Vladimir Vysotsky performed one of his latest songs- “My sadness, my melancholy... Variation on gypsy themes.”
July 16, 1980 - the last concert in Kaliningrad near Moscow (now Korolev, Moscow region).
July 18, 1980 - last appearance on the stage of his native theater in the play "Hamlet". The last television shooting of the actor after the performance.
July 20, 1980 - last poem: “And there is ice below, and above - I toil between...”
July 23, 1980 - last phone conversation Vladimir Vysotsky with Marina Vladi. On July 29, he was supposed to fly to her in Paris.

Vladimir Vysotsky passed away on Friday, July 25, 1980 at 03:30 in the morning in his Moscow apartment at number 28 on Malaya Gruzinskaya. He was buried on July 28, 1980 at the Vagankovskoye cemetery in Moscow (site No. 1).

Vladimir Semyonovich died in the midst of the Olympic Games held in Moscow. The Soviet authorities tried in every possible way to hide this fact from the people, thereby wanting not to overshadow the Olympic festivities on the capital's streets. The fact that the country has lost a great poet, artist, bard and actor was evidenced only by two small obituaries in the newspapers “Evening Moscow” and “Soviet Culture” and a modest announcement above the box office window of the Taganka Theater: “The actor Vladimir Vysotsky has died.” Then not a single person returned the ticket, keeping it as a relic. And despite all the obstacles, a huge crowd gathered near the Taganka Theater; people did not leave for several days. On the day of the funeral, many even stood on the roofs of nearby buildings. About 40 thousand people came to say goodbye to their beloved artist.

In 1987, the first film about Vysotsky was released - “Four Meetings with Vladimir Vysotsky,” directed by Eldar Ryazanov. In the future, a huge number of documentaries and television programs would be shot by various directors, and Vladimir Yakanin made the feature film “Fartovy” based on the novel “Black Candle”.
The number of books about Vysotsky is constantly growing - his wives, friends, and creative researchers write about him.
In 2011, a feature film will be released for the first time, telling about the life and work of Vladimir Semyonovich, entitled “Vysotsky. Thank you for being alive.”

The State Cultural Center-Museum of Vladimir Vysotsky has been opened in Moscow. Since 1994, there has been a permanent exhibition on Gogolevsky Boulevard in Moscow - professional and amateur photographs from the life of Vysotsky.
In 1997 Charitable Foundation Vladimir Vysotsky, the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation and the National Reserve Bank established the annual Vysotsky Prize “Own Track”.
In 1999, the Commonwealth of Taganka Actors staged the play “Air Force” (Vladimir Semyonovich Vysotsky).

Chapter 41 of the cycle “To Be Remembered” by Leonid Filatov is dedicated to the life and work of the actor.

Vladimir Semyonovich Vysotsky(1938-1980) - Soviet poet, musician, actor, author of hundreds of songs based on his own poems.

As an author and performer of his own songs accompanied by guitar, he gained wide popularity. In the 70s of the 20th century, citizens of the USSR bought tape recorders (an expensive purchase at that time, more than a month’s salary) specifically to listen to the songs of Vladimir Vysotsky. Many of his songs became folk (that is, almost the entire population of the USSR knew them), and the names of the heroes of these songs became household names. And this despite the fact that neither his songs nor his very name are in official media mass media The USSR was practically not mentioned.

Vysotsky wrote about 700 songs and poems, played about 30 roles in films, acted in the theater, and toured the whole country and the world with concerts. During the years of strict censorship, Vysotsky touched upon forbidden topics (for example, he performed criminal songs), sang about everyday Soviet life and about the Great Patriotic War - all this brought him wide popularity.

Childhood

Vysotsky was born on January 25, 1938 in Moscow, into a family of employees. Father, Semyon Vladimirovich Vysotsky (1916 - 1997), is a career military man, colonel. Mother, Nina Maksimovna (nee Seregina) (1912 - 2003), is a translator from German by profession. Vladimir spent his early childhood in a Moscow communal apartment on First Meshchanskaya Street. During the Great Patriotic War, he lived with his mother for two years in evacuation in the city of Buzuluk in the Urals. In 1943 he returned to Moscow, to 1st Meshchanskaya Street, 126. In 1945 he went to first grade at school No. 273 in the Rostokinsky district. In 1947-1949, with his father and his second wife, Evgenia Stepanovna Likhalatova-Vysotskaya, he lived in Eberswalde (Germany), where he learned to play the piano. Then he returned to Moscow, where he lived in Bolshoi Karetny Lane, 15. This lane is immortalized in his song - “Where are your seventeen years? On Bolshoy Karetny Lane!..”

Artist career

Since 1953, Vysotsky attended the drama club in the Teacher's House, led by the Moscow Art Theater artist V. Bogomolov. In 1955 he graduated from secondary school No. 186 and, at the insistence of his relatives, entered the Moscow Institute of Civil Engineering. V. Kuibysheva. After the first semester he leaves the institute.

From 1956 to 1960, Vysotsky was a student in the acting department of the Moscow Art Theater School. V. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko. He studied with B.I. Vershilov, then with P.V. Massalsky and A.M. Komissarov. In my first year, I met my first wife, Iza Zhukova. 1959 was marked by his first theatrical work (the role of Porfiry Petrovich in the educational play “Crime and Punishment”) and his first film role (the film “Peers”, the episodic role of student Petit). In 1960, the first mention of Vysotsky occurred in the central press, in the article by L. Sergeev “Nineteen from the Moscow Art Theater” (“Soviet Culture”, 1960, June 28).

In 1960-1964. Vysotsky worked (with interruptions) at the Moscow Drama Theater. A. S. Pushkin. He played the role of Leshy in the play “The Scarlet Flower” based on the fairy tale by S. Aksakov, as well as about 10 more roles, mostly episodic.

In 1961, on the set of the film “713 Requests Landing,” he met Lyudmila Abramova, who became his second wife. In the same year his first songs appeared. The song "Tattoo", written in Leningrad, is considered his first song. Subsequently, songwriting became the main (along with acting) work of life. He worked for less than two months at the Moscow Theater of Miniatures and unsuccessfully tried to enter the Sovremennik Theater. In 1964, Vysotsky created his first songs for films and went to work at the Moscow Taganka Drama and Comedy Theater, where he worked until the end of his life.

In July 1967, he met the French actress Marina Vladi (Marina Vladimirovna Polyakova), who became his third wife.

In 1968, he sent a letter to the Central Committee of the CPSU in connection with sharp criticism of his early songs in central newspapers. In the same year, his first original gramophone record, “Songs from the film “Vertical””, was released.

In 1975, Vysotsky moved into a cooperative apartment on the street. Malaya Gruzinskaya, 28. In the same year, for the first and last time during his lifetime, Vysotsky’s poem was published in a literary and artistic collection (Poetry Day 1975. M., 1975).

In 1978 he recorded on TV of the Chechen Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1979 he participated in the publication of the almanac "METROPOL".

Together with the actors of the Taganka Theater he went on tour abroad - to Bulgaria, Hungary, Yugoslavia (BITEF), France, Germany, Poland.

Recorded about 10 radio plays (including “The Hero of the Mongolian Steppes”, “The Stone Guest”, “Stranger”, “Behind the Bystryansky Forest”). He gave more than 1000 concerts in the USSR and abroad.

On January 22, 1980, it was recorded on CT in the Kinopanorama program, fragments of which will be shown for the first time in January 1981, and will be released in its entirety only in 1986.

Last days and death

On July 14, 1980, one of the last songs, “My sadness, my longing... Variation on Gypsy Themes,” was performed at the Pasteur Research Institute (Moscow). Two days later, Vladimir Vysotsky’s last concert took place in Kaliningrad near Moscow (now the city of Korolev).

On July 18, 1980, Vysotsky last appeared in his most famous role at the Taganka Theater, in the role of Hamlet, a production of the same name based on Shakespeare.

On July 25, 1980, Vysotsky died in his Moscow apartment from a heart attack (the official version; according to a number of people close to Vysotsky, the cause of his death was alcohol and drug abuse).

Vysotsky died during the Summer Olympic Games in Moscow. On the eve of the Olympic Games, many residents with serious criminal records were evicted from Moscow. The city was closed to entry Soviet citizens and overrun with police. There were practically no reports about the death of Vladimir Vysotsky in the Soviet media (only a message appeared in “Evening Moscow” on July 28 and, possibly after the funeral, an article in memory of Vysotsky in “Soviet Russia”; for a number of citizens of the USSR, the media were foreign radio stations, promptly aired Vysotsky's songs; the Voice of America, for example, played "The One Who Was With Her Before"). And yet, a huge crowd gathered at the Taganka Theater, where he worked, and stayed there for several days (on the day of the funeral, the roofs of the buildings around Taganskaya Square were also filled with people).

Posthumous recognition

In 1981, the first major collection of Vysotsky's works, Nerve, was published. In 1986, Vysotsky was posthumously awarded the title of Honored Artist of the RSFSR, and in 1987, for creating the image of Zheglov in the television feature film “The Meeting Place Cannot Be Changed” and the original performance of songs, he was awarded the USSR State Prize. In 1989, the USSR Council of Ministers supported the proposal of the Soviet Culture Fund, the USSR Ministry of Culture, the Moscow City Executive Committee and the public to create a Vladimir Vysotsky museum in Moscow.

Eldar Ryazanov filmed in 1987 documentary"Four meetings with Vladimir Vysotsky." Vysotsky died in an apartment tied up by his friends who wanted to wean him off drugs.

“Let his hoarse baritone sound over Moscow, but we will laugh and cry together,” Bulat Okudzhava dedicated these lines to the most beloved and most popular poet and performer in Russia, Vladimir Vysotsky. He left on takeoff. Left at a break. But he managed to do so much that another poet or writer could not manage in a very long time. long life. On January 25, Vladimir Semenovich would have turned 80 years old. It is difficult to imagine him as a venerable old man. And not even because he died young, but because he lived simultaneously in the past, in the present, and in the future, and, as his fellow poet said, “any limits are too small for him - time and age.”

Ballad of childhood

Vladimir Vysotsky was born on January 25, 1938 in Moscow. He would later sing about his house on First Meshchanskaya Street in his “Ballad of Childhood.” Father - Semyon Vladimirovich - a veteran of the Great Patriotic War, a promising military man, a talented bard. He was an extremely literate man; he received a legal, economic, and chemical higher education. He was an officer and worked at a secret enterprise of the Ministry of Communications. In 1988, he received the position of director of the Main Post Office school. He died in 1997. Mother - Seregina Nina Maksimovna - was born in large family, where five kids grew up. She worked as a translator German language at the Department of Geodesy and Cartography under the NKVD.

Mother Nina Maksimovna and Volodya Vysotsky. Moscow. Photo by N. Lvov, May 1950

The family of Vladimir Vysotsky was not happy and friendly. In 1947, when Vovka was five years old, his parents filed for divorce and both started new families. Vysotsky’s relationship with his stepfather did not work out, so he did not live with his mother, but immediately after the divorce he moved to live with his father. He was raised by his stepmother - the second wife of Semyon Vysotsky - Evgenia Stepanovna Likholetova (Martirosova). She treated the boy much better than his stepfather. Volodya sincerely loved her and, as a sign of special respect, even was baptized in the Armenian Apostolic Church. He called his Armenian stepmother “Mama Zhenya.” Evgenia Stepanovna was a music teacher, she taught Vovka to play the piano (she died in 1988).

Evgenia Stepanovna Likholatova and Volodya Vysotsky in an apartment on Bolshoi Karetny. Photo from the end of 1949

When the Great Patriotic War began, little Volodya was barely four years old. The boy was evacuated to distant Orenburg, and at the age of nine his father took him to occupied Germany post-war period. Here Vovka learned to play the piano.

Evgenia Stepanovna Likhalatova, Volodya and Semyon Vladimirovich Vysotsky in Eberswalde, Germany. Photo from 1947

These impressions were not similar to the life of his Moscow peers in the post-war Soviet capital. At that time, his father no longer lived with his mother. Vysotsky’s relationship with his stepfather was worse than with his stepmother. After Germany, he settled with her in the center of Moscow - in the famous Bolshoy Karetny Lane, where Vladimir would later “leave” his seventeen years, and a black pistol, and his first youthful hopes, and his first songs. Here fate brought him together with the company of typical urban youth of the 50s, whose childhood was during the difficult war years, youth during the “thaw,” and maturity during the dull “stagnation.” After all, it was here in the early 50s that he became acquainted with the “thieves” romance - the lyrical legacy of the terrible Stalinist Gulag. Then in all the courtyards, on all the benches, a group of young people with a guitar would gather. They sang soul-tearing songs about Kolyma, Vorkuta, Murka. Among the “decent” romances, the works of Pyotr Leshchenko and Kozin were very popular. This is how the guitar appeared in Vysotsky’s life.

As a tenth grader, Vladimir Vysotsky attended a drama club. However, he did not immediately determine that he wanted to be an actor.

Vladimir Vysotsky with classmates living on Bolshoi Karetny (V. Ageev, V. Akimov, A. Yakushev, V. Vysotsky and R. Denisov), before the graduation evening at VDNKh. Photo by Roman Denisov, June 1955

After graduating from school, he enters the Moscow Institute of Civil Engineering, but after studying there for six months, he leaves it. He made this decision in New Year's Eve from 1955 to 1956. He and Igor Kokhanovsky, Vysotsky’s school friend, decided to celebrate the New Year in a very unique way: by drawing drawings, without which they simply would not have been allowed to take part in the examination session. After the chimes, after drinking a glass of champagne, they got down to business. Around two o'clock in the morning the drawings were ready. But then Vysotsky stood up, took a jar of ink from the table, and began pouring the rest of it over his drawing. "All. I’ll prepare, I still have six months, I’ll try to enter the theater school. And this is not mine...” Vladimir Semenovich said then. He entered the Nemirovich-Danchenko School-Studio at the Moscow Art Theater and already in his first year he met student Iza Zhukova, who became his first wife. But the couple’s happiness did not last very long; problems began almost immediately due to problems with alcohol and constant quarrels. Vysotsky claimed that Iza constantly cheated on him and even gave birth to a son, Gleb, from her lover. After a divorce in 1965, Isolde moved from Moscow to Nizhny Tagil, where she worked in a drama theater until retirement. The exact period when the couple lived in marriage is unknown.

Aza Likhitchenko and Vladimir Vysotsky. Photo Moscow, 1960

As a third-year student, Vysotsky made his debut on the silver screen, playing a small role in the film “Peers” (1959).

Vladimir Vysotsky as a student at the theater school Petya in Vasily Ordynsky’s film “Peers”, Mosfilm, 1959 (first film role)

When Vysotsky met Okudzhava in the early 60s, he became seriously interested in the original song. And all his life he considered Bulat Shalvovich his mentor and teacher. Later he would write “Song about Truth and Lies,” dedicated to Okudzhava. Vysotsky began writing his first songs in the early 60s. These were songs in the style of “yard romance” and were not taken seriously either by Vysotsky or by those who were their first listeners. A few years later, in 1965, he would write the famous “Submarine,” about which Igor Kokhanovsky would later say: “ Submarine- this was already serious. And I think that it was this song that announced that the time of his creative youth was over.”

Vladimir Vysotsky is a student at the Moscow Art Theater School. Photo from 1956

Theater and cinema

After graduating from the Moscow Art Theater School in 1960, Vysotsky worked for some time at the A.S. Theater. Pushkin then at the Theater of Miniatures. He played in episodes, as an extra, but did not get any joy from the stage. In 1964, Vladimir Vysotsky came to the Taganka Theater, which, in the words of Vysotsky himself, became “his own theater” for him. “A young man came to my theater to hire me. When I asked him what he wanted to read, he replied: “I wrote a few of my songs, will you listen?” I agreed to listen to one song, that is, in fact, our meeting should have lasted no more than five minutes. But I listened without stopping for an hour and a half,” recalls Yuri Lyubimov. So it began creative path Vysotsky at the Taganka Theater. Hamlet, Galileo, Pugachev, Svidrigailov - a whole palette of images created together with Yuri Lyubimov. Lyubimov will also stage the last performance with Vysotsky - Vladimir Semenovich’s farewell to the audience...

However, things did not always go smoothly in the theater. Yuri Lyubimov's almost paternal attitude towards Vysotsky and his misdeeds were always forgiven, aroused the envy of his fellow actors, with the exception of a few of Vysotsky's friends - Zolotukhin, Demidova, Filatov.

In cinema, Vysotsky worked “without taking a break from the theater.” His first work was a role in the then popular film “The Career of Dima Gorin.” At the same time, he broke up with his wife; Iza left Moscow. On the set of the next film, Vysotsky met actress Lyudmila Abramova, who became his second wife.

Igor Kokhanovsky, Lyudmila Abramova, Vladimir Vysotsky and Elena Shcherbinovskaya at the Wedding Palace. Photo May 26, 1965

Children of Vladimir Vysotsky

The children of Vladimir Vysotsky appeared in his marriage to Lyudmila Abramova. They were big enough to remember their famous father, look up to him and be proud of him. The boys took the loss of their dad hard, but were able to become worthy of his memory. They say that Vysotsky allegedly had an illegitimate daughter, Nastya, who was born to him in 1972 by theater actress Tatyana Ivanenko. They wrote that the father was categorically forbidden to see his daughter, although the girl recalled that he had no desire to communicate. Nastya is married, has a daughter and works on the Kultura channel. Vysotsky also considered his child to be the son of his first wife, Gleb, who was born in 1965. He did not become an artist, but works as a chief engineer in an Ekaterinburg company.

Vladmir Vysotsky with Lyudmila Abramova and son Arkady. 1963

Son of Vladimir Vysotsky - Arkady Vysotsky
The son of Vladimir Vysotsky, Arkady Vysotsky, was born in 1962 in his second marriage to Lyudmila Abramova. He graduated from VGIK and was educated as a screenwriter. I did it for a long time successful career on TV. Arkady has a huge and a happy family. He is the father of three boys and two girls, whom he simply adores. Arkady Vysotsky made his debut in the film “Alien White and Pockmarked” in 1986. The filmography of Vysotsky’s son includes three works, he is a screenwriter in five films. Arkady is a teacher.

Son of Vladimir Vysotsky - Nikita Vysotsky
The son of Vladimir Vysotsky, Nikita Vysotsky, was born in 1964. The guy graduated from school, worked at a factory, and then entered the Moscow Art Theater School. Since 1986 he played in the famous Sovremennik Theater, after which he organized his own Moscow Little Theater. He is the curator of the Vysotsky Museum and the founder of a charitable foundation named after his father. Filmed in a huge number films, including “The Mousetrap” and “House of the Sun”. Nikita Vladimirovich is a screenwriter, actor, director, producer, and also a husband and father of two sons.

Meanwhile, first across Moscow and then across the country, Vysotsky’s songs began to spread—mostly thieves’ songs, which he composed under the pseudonym Sergei Kuleshov. The actor often acted in films in those years, but the roles were small, gray, and the films were boring and empty. It was then that Vladimir became addicted to alcohol, the reason for this was small roles in films that were nothing. This addiction has caused discord in the family and at work.

In 1967, the film “Vertical” was released, which brought Vysotsky real success, especially his songs from the film.

Film director Stanislav Govorukhin recalls: “The actors had the opportunity to live in a tent under a glacier for a week. It was necessary to gain mountaineering experience and generally “feel” the mountains. Especially Volodya. We really counted on the songs he would write. Without them, the film could not have taken place. The climbers considered him one of their own. They believed that he was an experienced climber. And he saw the mountains for the first time two months before he wrote the songs about mountains that have become so popular.”

Marina Vladi

In the same year, his third wife appeared in Vysotsky’s life - Marina Vladi (real name and surname - Marina-Katrin Vladimirovna Polyakova-Baydarova, born 1938). Vladimir fell in love with her after watching the movie “The Witch”. He watched the film several times a day and dreamed of meeting him for many years. And finally, it took place. The first acquaintance took place in the WTO restaurant - Vysotsky came there after the performance. “Out of the corner of my eye, I notice that a short, poorly dressed young man is heading towards us. I glance at him, and only his light gray eyes catch my attention for a moment. But the exclamations in the hall force me to interrupt the story, and I turn to him. He comes up, silently takes my hand and doesn’t let go for a long time, then kisses it, sits down opposite me and never takes his eyes off me. His silence does not bother me; we look at each other as if we had always known each other. “I know it’s you,” this is how Marina Vladi describes her first acquaintance with Vysotsky. A few years later they got married. Marina Vladi was with him for twelve years. “I’m alive, we’ve been keeping you for twelve years...” he manages to write on the back of the telegraph form. And all these years, Marina Vladi tried to slow down the frantic rhythm of Vysotsky’s life. The wife introduced the actor and singer to the circle of European celebrities. Several Vysotsky records were released in the West.

Vladimir Vysotsky and Marina Vladi at Sheremetyevo in Moscow. Photo by Vladimir Murashko, May 1969
Marina Vladi and Vladimir Vysotsky on the ship Shota Rustaveli. August 1971

Late 60s - cinema and music

In the late 60s, Vladimir Vysotsky acted in films a lot. Among his works are such films as “Short Encounters” (Maxim), “Intervention”, “Two Comrades Served” (Brusnetsov), “Master of the Taiga” (Ryaboy), “Dangerous Tours”. All films with Vysotsky's participation had a difficult fate. The melodrama Brief Encounters, having attracted 4.4 million viewers, was stopped at the box office, despite the fact that 725 copies were made. The film was released again only in 1987.

Vladimir Vysotsky with the film crew of the film “Intervention”. Leningrad. January 25, 1968
Vladimir Vysotsky and Valery Zolotukhin during the filming of the film Master of the Taiga. Photo from 1968

The situation was even more complicated with the eccentric tragicomedy “Intervention” directed by Gennady Poloka, which was generally banned for distribution. Yungvald-Khilkevich's musical film "Dangerous Tours", despite its revolutionary orientation, was subjected to sharp criticism, but was still released. Then the film overtook in popularity even the famous film “ White sun desert."

By that time, many in the USSR began to acquire tape recorders. Unofficial recordings of Vysotsky’s songs began to appear in literally every home. Vysotsky is gradually becoming a real idol. This uncensored creativity greatly irritated the Soviet authorities. Vysotsky was increasingly not approved for film roles, his songs were not allowed on the radio and gramophone records.

70s

In the 70s, Vysotsky appeared in few films. From time to time one could hear his songs or songs based on his poems on movie screens: in the drama “Sons Go to Battle”, in the adventure film “Contraband”, in the tragicomedy “Once Alone”, in the heroic drama “72 Degrees Below Zero” and others . Among the roles of those years, one can only note Von Koren in the tragic melodrama “A Bad Good Man” and Hannibal in the musical comedy “The Tale of How Tsar Peter Married the Arap” (1976).

In 1977, in the series “Actors of Soviet Cinema,” a prospectus dedicated to Vysotsky, compiled by I. Rubanova, was published. Speaking of those expressive means, which Vysotsky uses when creating his roles in cinema, theater, and on the stage, she especially highlights his voice. Indeed, the voice is his main expressive material. It is not for nothing that when answering a question in a questionnaire distributed among the artists of the Taganka Theater in 1970, Vysotsky said that he would consider the loss of his voice to be his greatest tragedy.

In the Taganka Theater in those years, Vysotsky was either given the main roles or kicked out of work for drunkenness. Several times Vysotsky was close to death - he ended up in intensive care due to a bad heart, tense nervous activity, alcohol abuse.

Without fully expressing himself as a film actor, Vysotsky becomes a real idol by performing his songs. In the last years of his life, confession became the dominant theme of Vladimir Vysotsky’s work in his songs. He increasingly turned not only to his contemporaries, but also to his descendants.

Gleb Zheglov

In 1979, Vladimir Vysotsky played his most significant film role - Gleb Zheglov in the series “The Meeting Place Cannot Be Changed.” As the actor himself admitted, this was his favorite role. However, this role might not have happened...

On a May evening in 1978, at a dacha in Odessa, Vysotsky, Vladi and Govorukhin gathered to discuss the script for the future film. And suddenly Marina Vladi, with tears in her eyes, took Govorukhin by the hand and led him out of the room. “Let Volodya go, shoot another artist!” Vysotsky echoed her: “Understand, I have so little left! I can’t spend a year of my life on this role.” “How much the audience would have lost if I had given up that evening,” Govorukhin recalls.

During filming, Stanislav Govorukhin had to leave film set due to leaving for the festival. And then he entrusted the direction to Vysotsky. Govorukhin recalls:
“He had been thinking about directing for a long time. And I gave him the director’s baton with joyful relief.

When I returned, the group greeted me with the words: “He tormented us!” A joke, of course, but, as in every joke, there was only a grain of joke here. The group's workers, accustomed to long swings, were initially stunned by his unheard-of demands. How is it usually? “Why don’t we film?” - “Shhh, let me tune in. The director needs to think.” Vysotsky’s camera started spinning a few minutes after he entered the pavilion. The object, designed for a week of filming, was “ready” in four days. He would have filmed the whole picture in my absence if he had been allowed to. He, rushing on his horses to the edge of the abyss, had no right to waste a single minute.

But he entered the pavilion absolutely ready to work, always in a good mood and infected all the participants in the shooting with his energy and confidence. From this short test it was easy to imagine him as the director of a big picture.

But on tinting it was difficult with him. The process is difficult and not the most creative - the actor must repeat word for word what he said on the working soundtrack, polluted by noise and the chatter of the camera. The ring on the screen spins endlessly. Volodya stands in front of the microphone and tries to “put the necessary lines into Zheglov’s lips.” He is in a hurry, and because of this things move even slower, he shamelessly worsens the image. “Will do!” - he shouts. I demand to record another take. He rages, is carried out of the hall, returns half an hour later, and obediently stands at the microphone. He wants to be free, but the ring won’t let him in. He is bored, he has already lived Zheglov’s life, his creative gut demands something new, Don Guan and Svidrigailov are waiting ahead, and below, at the entrance, his Horses are impatiently moving their feet and jingling their silver harness.”

The Minister of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR asked, and this was tantamount to an order, that Zheglov appear on the screen at least once in a police uniform. But Vysotsky categorically did not agree to this. “For him, a policeman from Stalin’s times was associated with those people who committed that terrible lawlessness. He had heard so much about it and was so painfully worried about it that he couldn’t stand anything that had to do with the police,” explains Govorukhin. The director had to come up with a scene where Zheglov tries on a jacket. With great difficulty he persuaded the actor to perform this scene.

In this film, Vysotsky did not perform his songs, although he initially really wanted to. Govorukhin was against this; he believed that then the image of the singer Vysotsky would overshadow the image of Captain Zheglov. As a result, the character turned out to be very realistic. Many TV viewers were convinced that Gleb Zheglov was not a fictional character. After the screening of the film, letters continued to be sent for a long time to the address: “Ministry of Internal Affairs, Captain Zheglov.”

Failed roles

Despite the row bright roles, by and large, Vysotsky’s talent as a film actor remained undiscovered. How many roles remained unplayed? various reasons, but most often because of the authorities, who stubbornly tried to prevent him from appearing on the screens.

Thus, a role fell through that could have become one of the best in the actor’s career - Stepan in Tarkovsky’s legendary “Andrei Rublev” (1965). The director spent a long time collecting scant information about the life of Andrei Rublev and learned that he studied icon painting in one of the ancient monasteries of Rus' - Vysotsky. And Tarkovsky, a great lover of mystical coincidences, decided to star Vysotsky in his film. According to one version, Tarkovsky was not allowed to do this by Goskino officials (although members of the artistic council responded favorably to the actor’s auditions), according to another, Vysotsky suddenly started drinking, and Andrei Arsentievich, who respects discipline, said that he would never work with him again. One way or another, the role of Stepan was played by N. Grabbe.

Vysotsky’s auditions for the films “Above the Tisa” (1958) and “Annushka” (1959) were not approved. In 1962, Vysotsky starred in the cameo role of district committee instructor Pyrtikov in the film “The Sinner,” but footage of his participation was never included in the film. In 1964, Shukshin planned to film Vysotsky in the role of Pashka Kolokolchikov, but ultimately gave the role to Leonid Kuravlev.

In 1969, Vysotsky, tired of film failures, himself asked Eldar Ryazanov to star in his film “Cyrano de Bergerac”. “You see, Volodya,” Ryazanov replied, “I don’t want to cast an actor in this role, I would like to cast a poet.” “But I’m writing. Poems,” Vladimir Semenovich smiled embarrassedly. In those years, Ryazanov did not consider him a real poet, but out of delicacy he agreed to watch the screen tests. As a result, Evgeny Yevtushenko was approved for the role of Cyrano.

Vysotsky also auditioned for the films “Sofya Perovskaya” for the role of Zhelyabov, the melodrama “The Road Home,” and the adventure film “Audacity.” In the film “Audacity,” Goskino did not allow Georgy Yungval-Khilkevich to film Vysotsky under the threat of filming being closed. And then the director, at his own peril and risk, with his sound engineer, recorded thirty songs by Vladimir Semenovich on wide film - the bard then took a stool, put his foot on it and sang with rapture without rest. This was the first high-quality recording of his songs.

The directors went to various lengths to get Goskino permission to film Vysotsky. But the officials were afraid like fire of his name alone. And when they did get roles, as a rule, they were small, dull episodes. And yet, his powerful temperament and extraordinary talent always found an opportunity to manifest themselves in supporting roles.

Death of Vysotsky

The life of Vladimir Vysotsky ended unexpectedly on July 25, 1980. It seemed that all of Moscow was burying Vysotsky, although there was no official report of his death - the Moscow Olympics were taking place at that time. Only above the box office window was a modest announcement posted: “The actor Vladimir Vysotsky has died.” Not a single person returned the ticket - everyone keeps it as a relic. The funeral became a mournful protest of tens of thousands of people against the timelessness of “stagnation,” the spokesman and denouncer of which was Vladimir Vysotsky.

Nationwide love

There are still sometimes disputes: who was Vysotsky more - an actor or a poet? Some argue that Vysotsky’s songs and poems are very ordinary, and only brilliant performance by the author himself makes them works of art. Others say that none of Vysotsky’s roles on stage or screen can compare in terms of originality and talent with his songs.

This discussion is legitimate and, perhaps, will never end as long as they listen, watch and remember Vysotsky. One side of his work is inextricably linked with the other side. His songs are most often monologues, on behalf of a variety of characters: punks, ordinary people, military, fairy-tale heroes... In recent years of creativity - on behalf of myself. The acting, acting, and also deeply personal essences of Vysotsky are mixed here. We will find the same mixture in his best roles: on stage - Galileo and Hamlet, on the screen - a geologist in the film “Brief Encounters”, a White Guard officer in the film “Two Comrades Served”, a radio operator in “Vertical” and, of course, Gleb Zheglov in the television series “The Meeting Place Cannot Be Changed”.

And yet unheard of national love Vysotsky deserved it, to a large extent, because of the socio-political situation in which the country was in his time. Dull and dull “stagnation” seemed to many to be doomed to exist forever. The feeling of hopelessness, the suppression of any initiative, the boredom of a semi-beggarly existence plunged the male population of the country into widespread drunkenness, theft and cynicism, and quiet slander against the authorities.

All this was inherent, to one degree or another, in the heroes of the songs and acting work Vysotsky. He spoke loudly and openly about how the country really lived. He mocked and grieved about the same things that millions of people mocked and grieved about. He alone was responsible for everyone. People were double-minded: they did one thing and pretended to be about another, they thought one thing and said another. It was not without reason that one young fan of Vysotsky’s work explained her love for him: “He didn’t lie.”

You are so great and so true -
What words should I find?
Without changing my dream
Your head bowed.
There cannot be two different opinions: -
You're just ours Soviet genius!
Valentin Gaft

The songs of Vladimir Vysotsky are popular and relevant today. His manner and style of performance gave rise to new genre: "Russian chanson". Vysotsky’s roles in films look great - Hannibal and Brusnetsov, Von Koren and Ryaboy and many others, and Gleb Zheglov has become a “folk” character. Many of his poems, published in books, are captivating with their genuine high poetry. Even among the outstanding personalities of the pantheon of great Russian literature and Russian art, Vladimir Vysotsky did not get lost, did not disappear. And this, of course, means that his life and work were not in vain and, as another poet said, “loved by the people.” The State Cultural Center-Museum of Vladimir Vysotsky has been opened in Moscow. Since 1994, there has been a permanent exhibition on Gogolevsky Boulevard in Moscow - professional and amateur photographs from the life of Vysotsky. In 1997, the Vladimir Vysotsky Charitable Foundation, the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation and the National Reserve Bank established the annual Vysotsky Prize “Own Track”. In 1999, the Commonwealth of Taganka Actors staged the play “Air Force” (Vladimir Semenovich Vysotsky).

Chronicle of the Life of Vladimir Vysotsky

• January 25, 1938 - Vladimir Vysotsky was born in Moscow.
• September 1, 1945 - Went to first grade at Moscow School No. 273.
• 1947 - Left with his father and stepmother to Germany, the city of Eberswald.
• October 1949 - Returned to Moscow. Settled in Bolshoy Karetny, 15.
• 1955 - Graduated from 10 classes of the 186th men's school. Entered MISS. Kuibysheva.
• Beginning of 1956 - left the institute.
• Summer 1956 - Entered the Moscow Art Theater School.
• May 1958 - Married Isolda Zhukova, a student at the Moscow Art Theater School.
• June 1960 - Graduated from the Moscow Art Theater School. He got a job at the A. Pushkin Theater, then at the Miniature Theater.
• 1961 - The first song was written - “Tattoo”.
• Autumn 1961 - In Leningrad, he met film actress Lyudmila Abramova, his future second wife.
• November 1962 - Vysotsky and L. Abramova had their first son, Arkady.
• May 1964 - At the insistence of his parents, Vysotsky goes to the hospital for the first time and is treated for alcoholism.
• August 1964 - Second son Nikita was born.
• September 1964 - Enlisted in the staff of the Taganka Drama and Comedy Theater.
• 1965 - First solo concerts in Moscow. By that time, he had already written about a hundred songs.
• June 1966 - Premiere of “The Life of Galileo” at the Taganka Theater. IN leading role- Vladimir Vysotsky.
• Summer 1966 - Starred in two films: “Vertical” and “Brief Encounters”. The first flexible disc with Vysotsky’s songs from the film “Vertical” was released.
• 1967 - Starred in the films: “Two Comrades Served” and “Intervention.” The last film was not released during his lifetime.
• July 1967 - In Moscow, he met the French film actress Marina Vladi.
• March 1968 - Vysotsky is fired from the Taganka Theater, then re-accepted with many reservations.
• June 9, 1968 - In the newspaper " Soviet Russia» a devastating article by G. Mushta and A. Bondaryuk “In the name of what does Vysotsky sing?” was published.
• August 1968 - Two songs were written in Siberia: “Wolf Hunt” and “Bathhouse”...
• July 1969 - First clinical death.
• December 1, 1969 - Wedding of Vysotsky and M. Vladi on 2nd Frunzenskaya Street.
• November 29, 1971 - Premiere of “Hamlet” at the Taganka Theater. Starring Vysotsky.
• March 1973 - For the first time, he “sews in” a chemical ampoule.
• Summer 1973 - Travels to the West for the first time.
• 1973 - The first two giant discs with Vysotsky's songs were released - in the USA.
• Spring 1975 - Vysotsky and Vladi received a separate three-room apartment on Malaya Gruzinskaya, 28.
• 1977 - Starts taking drugs.
• May 10, 1978 - First shooting of the film “The Meeting Place Cannot Be Changed.” Filming ended in February 1979.
• July 25, 1979 - Second clinical death - on tour in Bukhara.
• 1979 - Starred in his last movie— “Little tragedies.”
• July 17, 1980 - Last concert - in Bolshevo.
• July 18, 1980 - Last appearance on the theater stage - in the play "Hamlet".
• July 20, 1980 - Last poem: “And there is ice below, and above - I toil between...”
• July 25, 1980 - Died at 4.10 am in his apartment on Malaya Gruzinskaya, 28

Little-known facts from the life of Vladimir Vysotsky

1. Volodya grew up in the post-war period. One day a group of kids found ammunition somewhere and, as usual, decided to set it on fire. They threw it into the fire. The explosion deprived all of Volodya's comrades of sight. But he remained unharmed.

2. Vysotsky’s close friends claim that he loved driving fast, often exceeding speeds of 200 kilometers. Therefore, the artist often crashed his cars, as if he was “playing with death.” Often the musician and actor failed to stop in time and as a result the car crashed, most often in such a way that restoring its original condition was out of the question.

Among Vysotsky's cars were Volga GAZ-21 gray, VAZ-2101, as well as two BMWs - one gray, the other beige, brought by Vysotsky from Germany. In 1976, Vladimir Vysotsky got his first Mercedes, produced in 1975, in metallic blue color, and at the end of 1979, while on tour in Germany, Vladimir bought a sports two-seater Mercedes 350 coupe in yellow-brown color.

When his wife Marina Vladi brought her lover a Renault 16 from Paris, which she was given for filming an advertisement, the performer crashed vehicle the same day, crashing into a bus.

3. Once Vysotsky was robbed in Sochi, and a jacket, umbrella and jeans disappeared from the artist’s room, in the pocket of which there was a passport, apartment keys and other documents. The next day, the famous bard went to the police to write a statement. Upon returning to the hotel, he was very surprised, since the missing jacket was lying in the room with a note: “Vladimir Semenovich! We are returning the documents and the jacket, but we have already sold the jeans. Forgive us, we didn’t know who these things belonged to.”

4. The name of Vysotsky has become so popular that streets, alleys, embankments in many cities of the Russian Federation and abroad, 20 rocks, river rapids, glaciers and canyons, ships, theaters, a 200-meter skyscraper, airplanes, and even an asteroid were named in his honor. 2374 Vladvysotskij.

5. Once Vysotsky was being driven to the station, and the driver was driving at a speed limit. The car was stopped by a traffic police officer, but he instantly forgot that the driver needed to be punished when he learned that Vysotsky was driving the Volga. He started asking for an autograph, but couldn't find a piece of paper anywhere. “The inspector got very nervous, took out 25 rubles and said to Vysotsky: “Please sign on it.” I will keep this bill for the rest of my life and will not spend it.” Vysotsky laughed and said: “The government forbade me to put my signature on state signs.”

6. Vladimir Vysotsky sent his friend Anatoly Utevsky an unusual telegram in which he wrote: Come urgently. I will marry the most beautiful artist of the USSR.” We were talking about his second wife, Lyudmila Abramova. The bard met the actress in 1961, when, after drinking too much alcohol, he started a row in one of the restaurants. For breaking dishes, they threatened to evict the musician from the hotel or turn him in to the police if he did not pay. As a result, Vysotsky asked Abramova for a loan, and she, without thinking twice, gave her new acquaintance a gold ring with an amethyst, which was her family treasure. Just a couple of days later, Vysotsky told his friend that he was going to get married again.

7. Despite the fact that Vysotsky’s death was not reported either on the radio or on central television, tens of thousands of people came to see off the legendary bard and actor. The fact is that in Moscow at that time there were Olympic Games and the Soviet leadership did not want to upset people with this sad news. The death of the performer was written above the box office window, as well as in two newspapers, but this fact did not prevent true fans from saying goodbye to their idol.

8. The poem about Stalin was the first poem written by Vladimir Vysotsky in his life. He composed it in March 1953 and called it “My Oath.” In the poem, the author yearns for the untimely deceased ruler. Volodya was only 15 years old at the time.

9. Vysotsky was supposed to become a wolf... ...from “Well, wait a minute!”, but he didn’t. The censorship didn't let it through. Initially, the Wolf in the cartoon “Well, wait a minute!” Vysotsky was supposed to voice it, but censorship did not allow him to do this, and he was replaced by Anatoly Papanov. The official authorities generally tried not to notice the rebel poet. Very for a long time he was denied film roles. Not a single concert or interview with Vysotsky’s participation was broadcast on central television channels. So, another government ban, this time on voicing a children’s cartoon character, did not surprise the poet, but it greatly upset the creators of the animated series. However, the authors of the cartoon still managed to leave a memory of Vysotsky in the first issue - an excerpt from the soundtrack of Vysotsky’s “Song about a Friend” from the film “Vertical” (“artistic whistle” by the Wolf) is used in the scene when the Wolf, having thrown a rope over the antenna, climbs up it to the balcony to the Hare. The same excerpt from the phonogram of Vysotsky’s song is heard in the 10th episode - in the scene “ bad dream"Wolf" (where the Wolf and the Hare "switched places").

10. Vysotsky finally received official recognition. True, it's very late. In 1978, Vladimir Vysotsky was awarded the professional category adopted in the USSR, vocalist - pop soloist. This gave him the opportunity to officially conduct concert activities. Vladimir Vysotsky managed to give almost one and a half thousand concerts in the republics of the USSR and abroad. He is the author of 850 works, including about 600 songs.

11. Vladimir Semenovich always had many fans and even more female fans. When the famous “The meeting place cannot be changed” was filmed, the police even had to cordon off the center of Moscow, otherwise the fans simply would not have been allowed to work. But one girl still made her way through the cordon, found Vysotsky, but could not talk to him - she just said hello, and then... bit the actor on the shoulder, fortunately, he was in character and in a leather jacket. They unhooked the stubborn woman with the whole world, and Vysotsky even called her a mad bitch out of anger.

12. Beloved by many “Song about dead friend» dedicated to Nikolai Skomorokhov, Soviet pilot, who not only did not die in the war, but also outlived Vysotsky himself.

13. Vladimir Semenovich always played guitars with seven strings - this was his performing feature.

14. During the filming of the film “Vertical,” Govorukhin went into Vysotsky’s hotel room. Volodya was not there. But on the bed there were sheets of paper covered with new poems for the film. “The sunset flickered like the shine of a blade...” Govorukhin read these famous poems only once, and immediately remembered them. He went down to the hotel lobby and saw Vysotsky there, who was singing something to his friends. Noticing Stanislav Govorukhin, he happily told him that he had composed a new song. The plan for the prank matured in the director’s head immediately. After listening to the first lines of the song, Govorukhin began to recite the end of the poem, saying that it was a very famous old song. Vysotsky was very surprised and embarrassed. He looked completely confused and repeated that he didn’t know how it happened in his head. “Perhaps I heard this song once in my childhood and forgot? And now I remember?” - said the bard. Seeing his confusion, Govorukhin laughed and explained that he was just playing a prank on him.

15. Vysotsky was once accused of theft. This happened in Paris. He lived with Marina Vladi and one day, having parked his car in the parking lot near the house, according to an old Soviet habit, he began to unscrew the wipers and mirrors so as not to be stolen. Noticing this, the patrol policeman thought that he was a thief and decided to detain Vysotsky. The situation was saved by Marina Vladi, who saw the incident through the apartment window. She explained that Vysotsky is from Russia, and this is how they deal with thefts there. The policeman was surprised, but apologized, of course.

16. “Fascists, fascists, fascists...” shouted Muscovites who witnessed how the authorities were erasing the memory of Vladimir Vysotsky from the streets. The poet died in 1980, when the Olympics were taking place in Moscow, and the authorities wanted the funeral to be quiet and unnoticed. Only two newspapers, “Soviet Culture” and “Evening Moscow”, gave two short messages that Vladimir Vysotsky had died, and even above the ticket office of the Taganka Theater they hung a note with the same words: “Vladimir Vysotsky has died.” And then word of mouth did its job. Tens of thousands of people came to say goodbye to this. The funeral line stretched from Taganka to the Kremlin walls. People stood in the scorching sun for hours to place flowers on the coffin.

17. The artistic director of the theater, Yuri Lyubimov, appealed to the capital authorities with a request to allow a car to pass with open coffin along the city streets so that people could say goodbye to Vysotsky, but the car, deceiving all expectations, turned into a tunnel. And after her, a communal “watering” came out and began to wash away the flowers remaining on the asphalt with water. But when utility services They began to break out the portrait of Vysotsky installed there from the window of the theater, people could not stand it and began to chant “Fascists!”

18. Vysotsky managed to go on tour to the USA several times, while the KGB carefully monitored all his movements. There were no comments upon the musician’s arrival, and Vysotsky himself was struck by how the journalists, during the interview, first of all asked the musician about the dictatorial regime in the USSR and the tragedy ordinary people. However, Vysotsky did not allow himself to be compromised and gave only caustic and brief answers to such questions. When, at a meeting with directors, Vladimir Vysotsky began to sing quietly with a guitar, everyone asked him to sing louder. At the same time, none of those present understood what the musician was singing about, but they asked him to continue.

19. Vysotsky wrote more than 200 poems, about 600 songs, a poem for children, as well as prose and drama, scripts and film stories. In total, he wrote more than 850 poetic works. As a musician, he gave approximately one and a half thousand concerts in the USSR and abroad.

20. Poll All-Russian Center A public opinion study conducted in 2010 showed that Vysotsky ranks second on the list of “idols of the 20th century” after cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin. And as a result of the Foundation’s research, “ Public opinion"In 2011, it was revealed that the name Vladimir Vysotsky is familiar to the vast majority of Russians - 98%. And approximately 70% answered that Vysotsky’s work is a phenomenon of Russian culture of the 20th century.

21. Vladimir Vysoky loved Georgia very much and visited here many times - both on tour and visiting friends. It was in this country that Vysotsky once almost drowned in the fast-moving Kura River, noisily celebrated his marriage to Marina Vladi, and communicated with famous Georgian sculptors and artists.

Vladimir Vysotsky with Marina Vladi in Pitsunda.

In 1966, Vysoky found himself filming episodes of “Vertical” in mountainous Svaneti, where he met famous Georgian climbers Joseph Kakhiani and Mikhail Khergiani. Vladimir Vysotsky even dedicated a song to the latter, which contains the following lines: “You walk along the edge of the glacier, without taking your eyes off the top. The mountains are sleeping, inhaling clouds, exhaling snow avalanches...”

22. The last lines that Vladimir Vysotsky wrote on June 11, 1980. Shortly before his death, Vysotsky read them to Marina Vladi over the phone:

“I’m less than half a century old—more than forty.

I am alive, we have been keeping you for twelve years.

I have something to sing when I appear before the Almighty.

I have something to justify myself before Him..."

After the funeral, Marina really wanted to find this poem. In the end, it was found - it was written down on a prescription for some medicine: Vysotsky often wrote down lines on everything that came to hand... And in these lines he seemed to have a presentiment of his death. The poet’s draft autograph contains a version of the last line of this poem: “I will have something to answer to Him.”

Vladimir Vysotsky was realized as a poet in the genre of art song. Vladimir's early works date back to the 60s of the last century. At first they were performed by Vysotsky in a circle of close comrades, and later spread through tape recordings. Vysotsky’s songs were on various topics: street, courtyard, military, camp, etc.

Childhood, youth, training.

Vladimir was born in 1938 in Moscow into a military family. The early years of little Vysotsky’s childhood were spent in a cramped communal apartment. In 1941 his father was called up to military service, and with the advent of the war, mother and son were evacuated to the Orenburg region, from where they came back to Moscow 2 years later. At that time, the marriage of Vysotsky’s father and mother was a big question. Parents' separation affected creative activity Vladimir. His feelings were reflected in the work “The Ballad of Childhood.”

In 1945, the boy Volodya went to school. The following year he began to live with his father and new wife Semyon Vysotsky.

A year later, Vladimir, together with new family father moved to Germany, where he began to study music. One of his teachers believed that the boy had perfect pitch.

In 1949, the poet comes to Moscow.

In 1953, Vladimir met the actor Sabinin, thanks to whom he became a member of the theater group. Soon he wrote his first poetic work, “My Oath.”

After graduating from school in 1955, Vysotsky began his studies at the Institute of Civil Engineering. However, after some time he quits studying there in the hope of getting into the theater. The following year, the poet becomes a student at the Moscow Art Theater School-Studio.

Actor and musician.

After studying at the acting school, Vladimir begins creative work at the theater. Pushkin. A little later he writes the song “Tattoo”. In 1964 he became an actor at the Taganka Theater. Here Vysotsky plays in many performances, for example “The Life of Galileo” and “Pugachev”.

In addition, he becomes a film actor and writes songs for films.

Last years.

In 1978, Vladimir Vysotsky received the highest category of pop soloist. However, during this period, the poet becomes involved in drugs and begins to drink a lot. In 1980, Vladimir Vysotsky dies. The cause of death was heart failure.

While Vladimir Vysotsky was alive, his song works did not receive official recognition. On the contrary, they were persecuted by harsh criticism. Until 1981, no publication published a book of the poet’s texts. The censorship was lifted only after his death, and then only partially. The legalization of his work began only in 1986. Since then, the publication of Vysotsky's works began. Some researchers of his work assess Vysotsky as an important figure in shaping the views of Russian society.

Option 2

Vladimir Semenovich Vysotsky was born on January 25, 1938 in Moscow. His father was a military man, and his mother worked as a translator and assistant. During the war, Vladimir and his mother were forced to move to the Urals for two years, and then after evacuation they returned to the capital. But Vysotsky spent little time in Moscow. After being married for five years, the parents divorced. The father married again and moved with his son to occupied Germany, where Vysotsky began learning to play the piano, and his mother soon got married. Vladimir continued to communicate with both parents, but the future musician’s relationship with his stepfather did not work out, therefore, after leaving Germany in 1949, the young man settled in Moscow with his father’s family. In the capital, he became close to groups who sang songs with a guitar in the courtyards, and became interested in playing this instrument.

Already in school years Vysotsky began to show interest in the theater. He attended a drama club for some time, but did not yet know that acting would become a part of his life. After graduating from school, Vladimir Semenovich entered the Institute of Civil Engineering, but then realized that his destiny was to become an actor, and decided to apply to the Moscow Art Theater School-Studio. At the end of it, Vysotsky changed several Moscow theaters and even tried to get into the Sovremennik Theater. The heyday of his acting career occurred during his work at the Taganka Theater. Vysotsky dedicated 16 years to him: from 1964 to last days life. At the Taganka Theater his talent was embodied in the images of Hamlet, Pugachev, Galileo, Svidrigailov.

Vladimir Semenovich wrote poetry from an early age, and in 1961, inspired by the example of Bulat Okudzhava, whom he considered his teacher, he set them to music. This is how Vysotsky’s first song appeared. The musician's legacy amounts to about 1000 songs. Among them are those that Vysotsky wrote for films. Vladimir Semyonovich received roles in thirty feature films. Despite his talent, people’s love and active creative activity, Vysotsky did not receive official recognition. His songs were distributed only on tapes, his poems were not published, and his concerts were banned. The poet’s wife, Marina Vladi, supported him in organizing a concert tour in the United States, and also introduced Vladimir Semenovich to famous actors and musicians in Europe.

Throughout his life, Vysotsky was passionate about cars. Marina Vladi often gave him cars, including the actor’s first foreign car, a Mercedes. Vysotsky loved to drive at high speed and often crashed his cars.

For many years, Vysotsky suffered from alcohol addiction and smoked at least a pack of cigarettes a day. This caused the musician to have heart and kidney problems. The situation was aggravated by what doctors used to treat Vysotsky narcotic substances, which he subsequently began to use regularly.

On July 25, 1980, Vladimir Vysotsky was found dead in his apartment. The cause of his death is not known, since the poet’s relatives did not consent to the autopsy. According to one version, Vysotsky died due to asphyxia, according to another - from myocardial infarction.

Detailed biography

In winter, on January 25, 1939, the future great - poet, actor and performer of songs written by himself - Vladimir Vysotsky was born in Moscow. Takes 2nd place in the list of “Russian idols of the 20th century”, making a concession to Yuri Gagarin.

Childhood

Little Vova lived in a communal apartment with his father and mother: Semyon Vladimirovich and Nina Maksimovna. At first Patriotic War, the boy was only 4 years old, during this period, his parents decided to divorce. Five years later, despite all the difficulties in life, Volodya is interested in and regularly practices music. A year later, he unexpectedly becomes interested in theater, as a result of which he begins to attend a theater club.

After school, the young man entered the Moscow Institute of Construction, but dropped out of school after some time, since there was no attraction to this activity. The craving for the theater takes over, and Vysotsky enters the Moscow Art Theater. After his first appearance on stage, the rest of his life was connected with the theater.

Vysotsky's creativity

Vladimir was interested in poetry back in school age, but began to create thoroughly in this area in the 60s. However, despite attracting people, he did not take his songs seriously. Every day, Vladimir Vysotsky gained popularity, performed at various concerts, received many awards, all the while managing to arrange his personal life. But he was in conflict with the USSR government. The authorities did everything to prevent the artist’s songs from being distributed.

As a result of great moral stress, Vysotsky began to drink, which caused another set of problems. But Vladimir coped well with all the difficulties, without ceasing to pursue his favorite hobbies. He wrote almost 600 songs and about 200 poems. In 1978, he was awarded the most high category vocalist and pop singer. Despite health problems, in the last years of his life, Vysotsky did not stop giving concerts in front of the public, while simultaneously performing in the theater.

Death of Vladimir Vysotsky

Vysotsky’s health was not all right. The use of drugs and alcoholic beverages did not go without a trace. In 1969, the first attack in his life occurred with serious consequences. A year later, he was diagnosed with a persistent drug addiction. And later it turned out that he couldn’t live without it even for a day.

On July 25, 1980, Vladimir Vysotsky died, he was 42 years old. He had a presentiment of this, telling his family. The cause of his death is not clear, since they decided not to perform an autopsy, but his mother was sure that Vladimir was killed by narcotic substances.

Vladimir Semenovich died many years ago, but his memory still remains in our hearts.

Biography by dates and Interesting Facts. The most important.

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