Not far from Moscow (and to be precise, now in Moscow), in the village of Salaryevo, there is the largest landfill in Europe. More precisely, it used to be. In 2007, the landfill was mothballed, and now all that remains of it is huge mountain, covered with sparse vegetation. To find out what a huge pile of garbage was like in the past, what harm it caused to the environment and what this “conservation” was all about, I went to a village near Moscow.
1. Top view. Photo jst_ru
.
They began transporting garbage to Salaryevo back in the 1960s from all over Moscow. By 2007, about 15 million tons had accumulated at the landfill solid waste, and the height of the mountain was 70-80 meters at total area 59 Ha. It turned out to be exorbitant huge size even by Moscow standards, a lot of garbage. That same year, the landfill was mothballed.
3. Photo taken from here.
What is conservation? It seems that there is no definite answer to this question, because how to effectively and competently conserve and equip solid waste landfills? household waste in Russia began relatively recently. The Salaryevo landfill was formed in the most typical way: initially it was a ravine into which waste was transported.
When the time came to close the landfill, a special fabric was spread over its entire surface to prevent landslides, and fertile soil was poured on top. Now the slopes of the mountain are overgrown with grass.
8. Pieces of covering fabric.
10. The landfill is surrounded by a serpentine road lined with slabs.
If you approach a huge mountain within a hundred meters, you can already feel bad smell. During the decay of garbage, a mixture of gases is released, consisting of 45-60% methane, 25-35% carbon dioxide and 10-20% nitrogen. It is formed in the depths of a huge pile of garbage and is brought through pipes to the surface through special ventilation shafts located evenly across the entire surface of the former landfill.
11. Ventilation shaft.
13. One of the components of the gas exhaust system.
A drainage system is also installed at this site. The liquid that somehow seeps inside, as well as that formed during the decay of waste, is discharged to the surface of the earth and an open tank. That is, it simply merges onto the ground, carrying with it external environment rotting products. At more advanced and younger landfills, they act much wiser: the water is purified at local treatment facilities and used as technical water. In the case of the mothballed Salaryevo landfill, this water should have at least been purified. Needless to say, environmentalists have long recognized the unsatisfactory state of the environment within a radius of 2-3 kilometers from the former landfill?
The situation with this landfill is unclear: it seems to have been mothballed, but not completely. Waste (gas, water) is released directly into the external environment without being filtered. Moreover, harmful gas could be used for efficient energy generation, and water could be purified and reused for technical purposes. The waste will decompose without any benefit for a very, very long time, about 30-40 years, and it will not be possible to build anything on this site for about another 60 years. And all this time, a huge mountain of garbage will settle and delight the eyes of residents of Moscow and the Moscow region.
Construction work in the area of the village of Salaryevo in the “new Moscow”, where a new metro station of the same name is currently being built, provoked an exit to the surface of the earth large quantity toxic substance— filtrate formed during the decomposition of garbage at the Salaryevo household waste landfill (MSW) closed in 2007. The deputy chairman of the Moscow City Duma expert council on environmental policy Kalman Tseytin, who conducted a study of the problem based on data from the capital's environmental management department. Proposals with measures to solve environmental problem(the document is at the disposal of the newspaper) were sent to the mayor of Moscow Sergei Sobyanin, as well as for consideration by the environmental commission of the Moscow City Duma. The head of the department for the development of new territories, Vladimir Zhidkin, told Izvestia that the problem in Salaryevo will be given special attention.
The Salaryevo landfill was closed back in April 2007, and in August of the same year its reclamation began - the process of cleaning the territory and preparing it for further use. However, according to Tseytin, the filtration system installed at the landfill cannot cope with the load.
“The landfill is considered one of the largest landfills in Europe,” he explained. “Although initially the landfill area was about 60 hectares, after its closure spontaneous landfills began to form around it, so that the contaminated area grew to 300 hectares. The height of the landfill today reaches 80 m, which is comparable to the height of a 27-story building. The cleaning system was designed only to process waste with a volume of no more than 200 cubic meters. m per day, while the actual volume of filtrate that is released from the “body” of the landfill currently exceeds the capabilities of the treatment system by four times and amounts to 800 cubic meters. m per day. The excess that the filters could not handle accumulates in the “body” of the landfill and in the ground around the landfill.
According to Tseytin, it is the transfer of land into ownership and active construction on the territory close to the landfill that creates such a load on the land that untreated toxic substances, which the landfill's filtration system could not cope with, come to the surface, poisoning the soil, water and air.
On July 1, 2012, Salaryevo, the territory where the village of the same name and the solid waste landfill are located, became part of Moscow. As a result, the cost and rent square meter real estate grew here and the place became attractive for construction. New housing has begun to be built - houses are located less than 500 m from the landfill. In the fall of 2012, it was said that the Sokolnicheskaya metro line would be continued in Salaryevo, a station and a large-scale transport hub (TPU) would be built. At the beginning of September it became known that large development companies were negotiating to purchase a plot of land with an area of 5 hectares next to the future metro station in order to build a large shopping mall.
“The filtrate ends up in underground springs, which, in turn, flow into the Sosenka River, which is a tributary of the Desna River,” Tseytin added. “The river valley goes around the landfill from the north, west and south, so the pollution spreads very quickly. It turns out that it is necessary to develop new complex measures to ensure environmental safety population near the landfill and in surrounding areas.
In June 2013, residents of the settlement of Kartmazovo, neighboring Salaryevo, complained about the discharge of chemicals into the Setunka River - then a case was opened under the article “Water Pollution”; the culprit was found to be the owner of land next to the river, who provided some enterprise with territory for waste disposal. According to the Department of Environmental Management and Protection environment Moscow, the damage to the city ultimately exceeded 3.8 billion rubles.
One of the proposals sent for consideration to the Moscow City Duma is a proposal to divide areas of responsibility for the situation at the Salaryevo landfill between the Moscow government and land users. In particular, it is proposed to create an “active” biogas utilization system at the expense of the Moscow budget, which would allow the generation and use of electricity, as well as new system drainage system that would prevent filtrate from entering The groundwater and neighboring rivers. It is also proposed to seize the territories immediately adjacent to the landfill and introduce fines not only for unauthorized dumping of waste, but also for conducting economic activity in the sanitary zone of the landfill, which must be at least 500 m. At the expense of land users, it is proposed to conduct hydrogeological studies that will show the true environmental situation in the territory.
Co-Chair environmental group“Ecodefense” Vladimir Slivyak believes that, despite the annexation of the territory to Moscow, it is better not to build anything on it.
— Unfortunately, in such a huge landfill of household waste, the leachate output is natural process“, the expert explained. — Intervention in the soil during construction provokes the release of toxic substances to the outside, so it is advisable not to build anything within a kilometer radius.
“In Europe there is not enough land to make landfills,” said Slivyak. “That’s why most garbage is recycled, and we should strive for this too. You can sort garbage from the first stage, when a person throws waste into a trash can, to the stage when the garbage is sorted in special factories. The main thing is not to mix organics with inorganics, then it will be possible to recycle the waste. Today, almost everything is recycled: paper, metal, many types of plastic.
Managing partner of the Moscow Central Real Estate Exchange Artem Tsogoev noted that after the territory was annexed to Moscow, real estate prices increased.
— Until 2012, when the territory belonged to the Moscow region, the price per 1 sq. m of housing in this area did not exceed 70 thousand rubles,” the expert noted. — After joining, the cost increased to 90-96 thousand rubles per meter. After the metro opens, there will be another jump in prices, and, of course, the area will become more attractive to investors. A 200 thousand sq. m business center is already being built in Salaryevo. m and a number of other business objects.
I've been wanting to make a map for a long time dangerous areas Moscow region, where, for one reason or another, it is under no circumstances possible to set up a dacha, much less live.
One of these areas is located around the now closed solid waste landfill near the village of Salaryevo:
It is believed that this is the largest landfill in Europe! The height of the pile is up to 80 meters! This is approximately equal to a 27-story building. Garbage was brought here from the sixties of the last century until 2007, when they decided to mothball the landfill. What is conservation? It was simply covered with a layer of earth on which grass now grows. Gases from decay escape into the atmosphere, water flows into the ground and... the nearest tributary of the Setun River:
Number 1 on the diagram is the landfill itself. As we can see, some streams flow from it towards the Kievskoye Highway, past Kartmazovo.
Because of the wind, I would call any direction around the landfill at a distance of 3-5 kilometers unfavorable. Due to the direction of the surface river, the nearest ones are not favorable settlements these are Kartmazovo, Solntsevsky district of Moscow and Novo-Peredelkino. Direction groundwater I don’t know, so I can only make guesses. But in any case it will be correct conclusion, that the farther from the landfill, the better.
It so happened that this landfill has now become part of the new Moscow. And I doubt that everything there will rot in the next century. I find garbage on my site that is fifty years old, in excellent condition.
Looking at the map, I discovered that where the tributary coming from the landfill flows into Setun, there is a street called “Rodnikovaya”. Apparently someone has a good sense of humor
p.s. All of the above is just my guess based on the topography of the area.
p.p.s. An interesting coincidence, but the Solntsevo gang was one of the most brutal in Moscow. It is possible that spoiled water could affect the character.
Construction work in the area of the village of Salaryevo in “new Moscow”, where a new metro station of the same name is currently being built, provoked the release of a large amount of toxic substance to the surface of the earth - filtrate, formed during the decomposition of garbage at the Salaryevo household waste landfill (MSW) closed in 2007. Kalman Tseytin, deputy chairman of the Moscow City Duma’s expert council on environmental policy, told Izvestia about this, having conducted a study of the problem based on data from the capital’s environmental management department. Proposals with measures to solve the environmental problem (the document is in the possession of the newspaper) were sent to the mayor of Moscow Sergei Sobyanin, as well as for consideration by the environmental commission of the Moscow City Duma. The head of the department for the development of new territories, Vladimir Zhidkin, told Izvestia that the problem in Salaryevo will be given special attention.
The Salaryevo landfill was closed back in April 2007, and in August of the same year its reclamation began - the process of cleaning the territory and preparing it for further use. However, according to Tseytin, the filtration system installed at the landfill cannot cope with the load.
The landfill is considered one of the largest landfills in Europe, he explained. - Although initially the landfill area was about 60 hectares, after its closure spontaneous landfills began to form around it, so that the contaminated area grew to 300 hectares. The height of the landfill today reaches 80 m, which is comparable to the height of a 27-story building. The cleaning system was designed only to process waste with a volume of no more than 200 cubic meters. m per day, while the actual volume of filtrate that is released from the “body” of the landfill currently exceeds the capabilities of the treatment system by four times and amounts to 800 cubic meters. m per day. The excess that the filters could not handle accumulates in the “body” of the landfill and in the ground around the landfill.
According to Tseytin, it is the transfer of land ownership and active construction in the area close to the landfill that creates such a load on the land that unrefined toxic substances, which the landfill’s filtration system could not cope with, come to the surface, poisoning the soil, water and air.
On July 1, 2012, Salaryevo, the territory where the village of the same name and the solid waste landfill are located, became part of Moscow. As a result, the cost and rent per square meter of real estate here have increased and the place has become attractive for construction. New housing has begun to be built - houses are located less than 500 m from the landfill. In the fall of 2012, it was said that the Sokolnicheskaya metro line would be continued in Salaryevo, a station and a large-scale transport hub (TPU) would be built. In early September, it became known that large development companies were negotiating to purchase a 5-hectare plot of land next to the future metro station in order to build a large shopping center.
The filtrate ends up in underground springs, which, in turn, flow into the Sosenka River, which is a tributary of the Desna River, Tseytin added. - The river valley goes around the landfill from the north, west and south, so the pollution spreads very quickly. It turns out that it is necessary to develop a new set of measures to ensure the environmental safety of the population near the landfill and in nearby areas.
In June 2013, residents of the settlement of Kartmazovo, neighboring Salaryevo, complained about the discharge of chemicals into the Setunka River - then a case was opened under the article “Water Pollution”; the culprit was found to be the owner of land next to the river, who provided some enterprise with territory for waste disposal. According to the Moscow Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection, the damage to the city ultimately exceeded 3.8 billion rubles.
One of the proposals sent for consideration to the Moscow City Duma is a proposal to divide areas of responsibility for the situation at the Salaryevo landfill between the Moscow government and land users. In particular, at the expense of the Moscow budget, it is proposed to create an “active” biogas utilization system that would allow the generation and use of electricity, as well as a new drainage system that would prevent filtrate from entering groundwater and neighboring rivers. It is also proposed to seize the territories immediately adjacent to the landfill and introduce fines not only for unauthorized dumping of waste, but also for conducting economic activities in the sanitary zone of the landfill, which must be at least 500 m. At the expense of land users, it is proposed to conduct hydrogeological studies that will show the true ecological situation in the territory.
Co-chairman of the environmental group Ecodefense Vladimir Slivyak believes that, despite the annexation of the territory to Moscow, it is better not to build anything on it.
Unfortunately, in such a huge landfill of household waste, the release of leachate is a natural process,” the expert explained. - Intervention in the soil during construction provokes the release of toxic substances to the outside, so it is advisable not to build anything within a kilometer radius.
In Europe there is not enough land to make landfills,” Slivyak said. “That’s why most garbage is recycled, and we should strive for this too. You can sort garbage from the first stage, when a person throws waste into a trash can, to the stage when the garbage is sorted in special factories. The main thing is not to mix organics with inorganics, then it will be possible to recycle the garbage. Today, almost everything is recycled: paper, metal, many types of plastic.
Managing partner of the Moscow Central Real Estate Exchange Artem Tsogoev noted that after the territory was annexed to Moscow, real estate prices increased.
Until 2012, when the territory belonged to the Moscow region, the price per 1 sq. m of housing in this area did not exceed 70 thousand rubles,” the expert noted. - After joining, the cost increased to 90–96 thousand rubles per meter. After the metro opens, there will be another jump in prices, and, of course, the area will become more attractive to investors. A 200 thousand sq. m business center is already being built in Salaryevo. m and a number of other business objects.
They began dumping garbage into a ravine near the village of Salaryevo in the 1960s. At the time of official closure on April 1, 2007, the Salaryevo solid industrial and domestic waste landfill occupied an area of 59 hectares, making it one of the largest waste dumps in Europe. Over 50 years of work, about 15 million tons of waste have accumulated here, and the top of the “garbage mountain” is today at an altitude of 70 meters and is visible from afar for many kilometers.
In winter, it is especially noticeable how the 70-meter “garbage mountain” impressively rises above the surrounding area.
After the closure of the landfill, in the same 2007, at the request of the State Unitary Enterprise “Mosekostroy”, the Research Institute of Urban Planning and System Design prepared a project for the reclamation of the Salaryevo landfill. The landfill area was completely covered with modern geosynthetic and waterproofing materials, on top of which fertile soil was poured. To remove the gas that is formed during the decomposition of waste, 50 wells were made. In order to collect leachate, a drainage collector was built along the foot of the landfill. Significant funds were spent on these works. At the same time, in 2014, the Accounts Chamber revealed the ineffective use of budget funds for the Salaryevo landfill in the amount of 166 million rubles. As the inspection found out, some structural elements and engineering systems did not function due to uncontrolled economic activities commercial organizations in close proximity to the landfill.
In addition, as noted by Kalman Tseytin, Deputy Chairman of the Moscow City Duma Expert Council on Environmental Policy, miscalculations were made during the development of the reclamation project:
The treatment system was designed only to process waste with a volume of no more than 200 cubic meters per day, while the actual volume of filtrate that is released from the “body” of the landfill currently exceeds the capabilities of the treatment system four times and amounts to 800 cubic meters per day. The excess that the filters could not handle accumulates in the “body” of the landfill and in the ground around the landfill.
As a result, the filtrate ends up in underground sources, as well as in the Sosenka River, which is a tributary of the Desna River.
In 2015, in connection with plans to develop the territory near the landfill, the authorities started talking about carrying out a new stage of large-scale reclamation of the Salaryevo solid waste disposal facility. It will be a joint project PIK Group and the Mangazeya company, which plan to carry out work on two neighboring sites, which will reduce the security zone of the landfill. Thanks to these measures, the number of facilities being built here will be increased, in particular, we're talking about on the construction by the PIK group of companies of the Salaryevo Park residential complex, as well as public and industrial facilities. At the same time, production facilities will appear in the territories directly adjacent to the Salaryevo landfill.
According to the head of the Department for the Development of New Territories Vladimir Zhidkin, investors are now in the design stage and plan to begin by the summer of 2017 new stage reclamation, which will be very expensive: total cost work may approach 1 billion rubles. Also, Vladmir Zhidkin did not rule out that in the future a ski slope or park may appear on the site of the landfill.
Loading...
