In 2000, a group of Finnish scientists (from the low temperature laboratory at the Helsinki University of Technology) while studying magnetism and superconductivity in rare metal Rhodium, we managed to get the temperature to just 0.0000000001 degrees above absolute zero (see press release). This is currently the lowest temperature recorded on Earth and the lowest temperature in the Universe.
Note that absolute zero is the limit of all temperatures or -273.15… degrees Celsius. Such a low temperature (-273.15 °C) is simply impossible to achieve. The second record for temperature decrease was set at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 2003, they managed to obtain ultra-cold Sodium gas.
Obtaining ultra-low temperatures artificially is an outstanding achievement. Research in this area is extremely important for studying the effect of superconductivity, the use of which (in turn) can cause a real industrial revolution.
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Equipment for achieving record low temperatures
Equipment for achieving record low temperatures provides several successive cooling stages. In the central part of the cryostat there is a refrigerator to achieve a temperature of 3 mK, and two atomic cooling stages using the nuclear adiabatic demagnetization method.
The first atomic stage is cooled to a temperature of 50 μK, while the second atomic stage with a Rhodium sample reaches a record low negative temperature already in the picokelvin range.
Lowest temperature in nature
Lowest temperature in nature
In nature, the lowest temperature was recorded in the Boomerang Nebula. This nebula expands and ejects cooled gas at a speed of 500,000 km/h. Due to enormous speed emission of gas molecules cooled to -271/-272 °C.
For comparison. Usually, in outer space the temperature does not drop below -273 °C.
The figure of -271 °C is the lowest officially recorded natural temperature. And this means that the Boomerang Nebula is colder than even the relict radiation from the Big Bang.
The Boomerang Nebula is located relatively close to Earth at a distance of only 5,000 light years. At the center of the nebula is a dying star, which, like our Sun, was once a yellow dwarf. It then became a red giant, exploded, and ended its life as a white dwarf with a hypercold protoplanetary nebula around it.
The Boomerang Nebula was photographed in detail by space Hubble telescope in 1998. In 1995, using ESO's 15-meter submillimeter telescope in Chile, astronomers determined that it was the coldest place in the Universe.
Lowest temperatures on Earth
Lowest temperature on Earth
The lowest natural temperature on Earth, -89.2 °C, was recorded in 1983 in Antarctica at Vostok Station. This is an officially registered record.
Recently, scientists made new satellite measurements in the area of the Japanese Fuji Dome station. A new record figure for the lowest temperature on the Earth's surface was obtained -91.2 °C. However, this record is now disputed.
At the same time, the village of Oymyakon in Yakutia retains the right to be considered the pole of cold on our planet. In Oymyakon in 1938, an air temperature of -77.8 °C was recorded. And although a significantly lower temperature (-89.2 °C) was recorded at Vostok station in Antarctica, this achievement cannot be considered a record low, since Vostok station is located at an altitude of 3488 meters above sea level.
To compare the results of different meteorological observations they must be brought down to sea level. It is known that increasing above sea level significantly lowers the temperature. In this case, the lowest air temperature recorded on Earth is already in Oymyakon.
Lowest temperature in solar system
The lowest temperature in the Solar System, -235 ° C on the surface of Triton (a moon of Neptune).
This is such a low temperature that the cooled nitrogen would likely settle on Triton's surface as snow or frost. Thus, Triton is the coldest place in the solar system.
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As a result of climate change, the annual temperature air. Previously, in the Iranian Dasht-Lut the most heat on the surface of the Earth - 70.7 °C. We present to your attention the top 10 hottest places in the world.
10. Kuwait City (Kuwait) - 51 °C. The climate is tropical, dry. During May-October, air temperatures range from 40 to 50 °C. Winds carry dust and sand. In December-January the thermometer shows 12-18 °C. In winter, cyclones bring sparse precipitation.
Kuwait City is the capital of Kuwait and the center of culture, trade and entertainment in Asia. Next to ancient mosques are five-star hotels, and small markets are neighbors of giant supermarkets. There are garden and park complexes in the city.
Capital - on south coast Kuwait Bay. On its outskirts there are salt marshes, which fill with water during the rainy season. The basis flora- shrubs and hard-leaved grasses. Among the animals near the city there are insects and rodents.
9. Riyadh (Saudi Arabia) - 52 °C. The climate is tropical, desert. Temperatures in summer range from 40-43 °C. When the air humidity is 10-13%, the heat is difficult to bear. In winter, the temperature is 20-28 °C, sometimes drops to 8-14 °C. Air humidity rises to 40-49%. During the year there is only 100-130 mm of precipitation.
Capital Saudi Arabia lies in the fertile Wadi Hanifa valley. The area of the city is 1600 sq. km. Population - 5 million people. Most of the buildings in Riyadh were built at the turn of the 80-90s of the last century. There are 140 mosques in the capital.
The city is political and national center countries. Thanks to super-profits from oil production, the capital has developed hotel business, medicine, and modern airports were built.
8. Dallol (Ethiopia) - 53 °C. The climate is tropical. During 1960-1966 average temperature in the city was 34.4 °C. Now it's about 25°C.
January is the coldest ( average annual temperature is 22.4 °C) and the driest month of the year (average precipitation is 0 mm). In hot April, the average temperature is 30 °C. The most precipitation is in August - 273 mm, and throughout the year the average is 874 mm.
Formed 900 million years ago, the crater of the Dallol volcano is considered the lowest in the world, located 45 m below sea level. Nearby are sources of mineral salts.
There are no quality roads to the settlement of Dallol. Only caravans transport salt collected near the city.
7. Tirat Zvi (Israel) - 53.9 °C. The religious center is located near the border with Jordan. Near the city is the saving Jordan River. From the heat, local residents (759 people as of the end of 2016) hide under awnings and in swimming pools. The city is located 220 m below sea level. Local meat processing plant TIV sells its products domestically and internationally.
The pride of Tirat Zvi - 18,000 date trees, thanks to which the settlement bears honorary title Israel's largest producer. The technology developed by scientists at Tirat-Zvi and the Volcani Institute preserves palm leaves for several months. The city supplies tens of thousands of palm leaves for Sukkot, a Jewish holiday that lasts for 8 days, includes meals and an overnight stay in a tent, and commemorates the walk of our ancestors through the Sinai desert.
6. Kebili (Tunisia) - 55 °C. The climate is moderately warm. The average temperature is 18.7 °C. Precipitation is 605 mm. In July - 0 mm, and in December - 102 mm. Kebili is a classic oasis with palm trees and water. The city is home to 150,000 people on an area of 22,084 km. In the west it borders with Algeria.
The pride of the city is Lake Chott el Djerid. The pond is covered with a rough salt skin that can support the weight of a car. Speed car races regularly take place here.
The road to the town of Tozeur runs along the lake. The driver feels as if he is moving through a tunnel. This optical illusion is the result of reflection sunlight from the salt surface of the lake. If the thermometer shows 30 °C, mirages appear. Visibility is reduced by winds that blow sand.
5. Timbuktu, Mali - 55 °C. The climate in the city is arid. The minimum precipitation in January is 0 mm, the maximum in August is 72 mm, the average for the year is 176 mm. The highest average temperatures are in June - 33.9 °C, the lowest in January - 20.6 °C. In the warm season, the thermometer sometimes shows over 50 °C. Salvation for city residents is the Niger River. Although it is 24 km away.
Previously, Timbuktu was the commercial, scientific and religious center of Africa. Now the settlement houses a collection of ancient manuscripts.
The city was trying to be swallowed up by the Sahara. The winds regularly brought gifts of the desert - dunes - to the city. Therefore, in 1988, Timbuktu was included in the list of objects World Heritage UNESCO. Thanks to the consistent actions of the world community, the advance of the Sahara was stopped. In 2005, the city was removed from the list.
4. Rub al-Khali, Arabian Peninsula - 56 °C. The desert lies in Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman and the UAE. One of the largest in the world - 650,000 sq. km. The average temperature in summer is 47 °C. In this case, the air often warms up to 50 °C, and the sand - up to 70 °C. Precipitation is 35 mm.
Rub Al Khali - flat desert. Winds move 300-meter-long red-orange sand dunes, revealing areas of gypsum and gravel.
Images from space allowed scientists to verify that 5 thousand years ago there were settlements on the territory of Rub al-Khali. For example, Ubar is the City of Thousand Pillars. Also, there used to be a network of lakes and rivers, and flora and fauna flourished. Now The groundwater hid from the hot sun at a depth of 10 meters.
In the desert, camel thorns and saltworts predominate among the plants. One hundred species of animals, including: beisa antelope, camels, snakes, jerboas and scorpions.
3. Al-Aziziya (Libya) - 57.7 °C. The city of 4,000 people holds the unofficial record for maximum indicator temperatures in the shade. But the World weather station does not recognize it, not trusting the means used to determine the temperature. In summer the thermometer shows 48.9 °C. The average annual temperature is lower than in Dallol or the Dasht-Lut Desert.
Humidity rarely drops below 80%, making the heat easier to bear. The winds bring healing air from Mediterranean Sea. The city is important shopping mall, and until 2001 it was also administrative. Al-Aziziya is located near the Sahel desert Jaffar. Tourists are captivated by the unique ancient Berber architecture.
Near the city is the thousand-year-old fortress of Qasr al-Hajj made of stone and plaster. IN Peaceful time acted as a kind of refrigerator for food.
2. Death Valley (USA) - 56.7 °C. The lowest section of the Mojave Desert and North America- 86 meters below sea level. With an area of 7800 sq. km. The park is the largest in the USA. Less than 50 mm of precipitation falls annually, which is enough for small rodents and shrubs. Most hot month- July with an average temperature of 46 °C during the day and 31 °C at night. In winter, the thermometer drops to 5-20 °C. The average annual temperature is 24.8 °C.
The peculiarity of Death Valley is the stones that move. This fact is confirmed by traces and photos from space. Both tiny stones the size of a soccer ball and 500-kilogram giants do not sit still.
Death Valley was named in mid-19th century century. Then numerous gold miners tried to shorten the route to California through the hot lowlands. Not everyone managed to get out alive, hence the names: Funeral Ridge, Last Chance Ridge and Death Valley.
1. Dasht-e Lut (Iran) - 70.7 °C. The salt desert is considered the unofficial winner of the rating, since in 2005 temperature information was obtained using a space satellite.
Characteristics Dashte-Lut - salt marshes and sands. Constant winds led to the appearance of bizarre stone images that are shaped like pillars and mushrooms.
Even in such a hot place there is a pond! Drainless salt Lake- in the south of the desert in the Nemekzar lowland. Appears on a short time only in the spring.
The length of Dashte-Lut is 550 km, width is 100-200 km. Images from space show numerous sandstorms. Temperatures above 50 °C are the norm in the desert. The hottest place in the desert is the Henda Beryan plateau with an area of 480 square meters. km. It is covered with brown lava.
Global warming is loudly knocking on the door of planet Earth. Perhaps we will soon witness new temperature records.
Summer is coming to an end, and many regions of our country are... Once again remembered what heat is, because in some cities and regions the thermometer more than once ran above the mark temperature norm. But in comparison with certain areas of our planet, even the highest temperature readings recorded in most cities simply pale into insignificance.
There are a number of places that are considered the hottest on our planet. Many of them are so remote and unbearable for life (for example, the Dashte-Lut desert) that even the operation of a weather station there is impossible. To get more accurate temperature data from different parts of the globe, NASA launched two satellites and has been monitoring the Earth's surface temperature for the past 12 years using a medium-resolution scanning spectroradiometer. Thus, scientists were able to obtain the missing data.
Most places have some similar features, such as the absence of any vegetation due to extremely low air humidity. In addition, all registered hot areas are located low above sea level, under the influence of direct sun rays. After getting acquainted with the temperature data, it is hard to believe that the existence of any life forms there is even possible. And although it is quite difficult to talk about the absolute leader, we can still highlight the 13 hottest places on our planet.
Dallol, Ethiopia
Dallol is a former mining settlement located in a volcanically active region called the Afar Basin in Ethiopia. Now Dallol is a ghost town. In the 60s of the 20th century, when the city was still inhabited, the highest average annual temperature on Earth was recorded here - about 35°C.
Coober Pedy, Australia
The temperature here may not be as high as in other similar regions - it is unbearable enough to drive an entire city underground. Coober Pedy is a living city and is one of the centers for Opal mining, but from above you will only see how many buildings there are - the entire city has moved underground. This decision was made to escape the sweltering heat, which can reach 45°C in the shade, not to mention the regular sandstorms.
Al Azizia, Libya
Occupying a third of the Arabian Peninsula, the Rub al Khali desert is one of the most... large deserts in the world. Temperatures can reach 56 °C, and the average annual precipitation is 30 cm.
Death Valley, USA
Death Valley is widely known as one of the driest and hottest places on Earth. In July 1913, the highest temperature at that time was recorded here: 56.6 °C. Located in the Mojave Desert, Death Valley is the driest and hottest place in North America.
Fire Mountain, Tien Shan, China
This mountain range is located in the Taklamakan Desert and is part of the Tien Shan mountain range. This sandstone mountain range is known as the hottest point in China. The highest temperature recorded by a NASA satellite on the mountain range is 66.6 °C.
Queensland, Australia
Although recording exact temperatures in this region is not easy due to its uneven population, it is known for its hot climate, especially during dry periods. So, in 2003, a NASA satellite recorded an incredibly high temperature there - 68.8 ° C.
Dasht-Lut, Iran
Stretching for more than 300 kilometers, the deserted and lifeless desert of Dasht-Lut turned out to be the hottest point globe. This sandy-salt desert is lifeless in the truest sense of the word - even bacteria cannot survive here. For all five years, while the NASA satellite studied the temperature background of our planet, it was here that the highest values were recorded - 70.7 ° C.
Our Earth is amazingly beautiful. We have the opportunity every day to enjoy its beauty and use its gifts. But there are places where a person begins to realize how pathetic he is before the greatness of nature. For example, the hottest regions of the planet. Often Earth temperature record people can hardly measure and record - the “baking” is simply unbearable! So, the hottest journey on planet Earth begins.
The first stop will be. Today this city is a ghost. From 1960 to 1966, the average annual temperature here reached +34,4 °C, which is a record for today. The heat in Dallol lasts almost the whole year. This place is also famous for its hydrothermal springs. Dallol, located near the Afar Basin, experiences constant volcanic activity. The alien landscapes near the volcano look fantastic!
Next we go to. In the early autumn of 1922, in the Al-Azizia region, Earth temperature record - +57,7 °C. However, it is not officially recognized due to measurement errors. It is also interesting that this place is located near the Mediterranean Sea.
Temperatures set world records and in. The air temperature in the Kebali desert oasis is up to +55 °C.
High temperatures were also recorded in the United United Arab Emirates. meet you with incredible heat, with air temperatures +56 °C. It rains a lot here very rare, precipitation never exceeds 3 cm. This desert is very inhospitable.
The state of California in the USA is also ready to compete for the temperature record on Earth. acquired the name “Death Valley” for its dry and hot air. This place is recognized by the World Meteorological Organization as a world record holder with a maximum +56,7 °C. It is surprising that some species of animals live in Death Valley. At night, foxes, lynxes and many rodents crawl out of their holes. The valley becomes very beautiful when it rains. During this period, it is covered with various colors. This is very mysterious place, where stones move in an unknown way, leaving traces of their movements.
Talking about temperature records on Earth, Australia is not to be missed. This continent is the driest. Most of- this is a desert. In 2003, the temperature was recorded in the region +69,3 °C on the surface.
Israel also experienced high temperatures. , is famous for its unbearable heat. In 1942, the record air temperature for all of Asia was recorded here - +53,9 °C.
is another " hot spot" on our planet. The area is very picturesque - there are spectacular ravines of red sand. A NASA satellite measured mountain system Tien Shan temperature +66,8 °C on the surface.
Residents who are located in... suffer from constant heat. Collections of ancient manuscripts are still kept here. Unfortunately, the elements make their own adjustments: many streets are covered with sand, and huge dunes are formed. The Aborigines are haunted by the constant heat. The air temperature here reaches +55 °C. The only salvation for local residents from the unbearable heat is the Niger River, which flows 24 kilometers from the city.
And finally, let's remember. From 2004 to 2009, this desert established more than one absolute Earth temperature record. In 2005, the highest temperature on the surface of our planet was measured in the Dasht-Lut desert - +70,7 °C.
On one of the sunny and dry days summer days you might hear someone say, “It must be a hundred degrees even in the shade.” And in some places on our planet this may be close to reality. The hottest place on Earth is currently around 70°C. If you are one of those who like it hot, we have prepared for you top 10 hottest places in the world.
This city is located on the shores of Lake Nasser and is home to approximately 15,000 inhabitants. Historically, it was a very important trading post due to its location on the road between Sudan and Egypt.
The city is sometimes forced to endure stormy dust storms. This phenomenon is known as haboob and precedes a strong thunderstorm.
The highest air temperature recorded in this area is 52.8°C. She was celebrated in April 1967. IN summer period The average temperature in Wadi Halfa is around 40 °C.
9. Tirat Zvi, Israel, 53.9 °C
This is a religious kibbutz founded near the Israeli-Jordanian border. Thanks to the maximum temperature set in 1942, Tirat Zvi became the hottest place in Asia. However, due to the proximity of the Jordan River, the kibbutz area remains fertile.
About a thousand people live in Tirat Zvi, and the kibbutz is considered the largest date producer in the country. It has 18,000 date trees.
8. Timbuktu, Mali, 54 °C
Located in the south of the Sahara Desert ancient city with one of the highest temperatures on Earth. Its highest temperature reading topped a scorching 54 degrees Celsius.
Timbuktu was an important center for the spread of Islamic doctrine in Africa. It is home to three important mosques for Muslims and houses one of the largest collections of ancient manuscripts in the world. Due to its architectural features, the city was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
7. Kebili, Tunisia, 55 °C
This city is famous for its ancient archaeological finds. The oldest of them were created about 200,000 years ago. Additionally, Kebili is known for its extreme temperatures, with summer maximums reaching 55°C. And at night the temperature can drop below zero.
At the same time, there are about 10 hotels in the city, one of them is five-star. Whether you should prefer the hot summer haze of Egypt instead of the most - decide for yourself.
6. Ghadames, Libya, 55 °C
A city in western Libya, located on the border with Algeria and Tunisia - where caravan routes once crossed. It is known as the "jewel of the desert" and has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
One of the main features of the old city is its multi-story adobe buildings. These houses have a good reason for existing in the Sahara: they are cool in summer and warm in winter. And summer in Ghadames is very hot - temperatures range from 40 to 55 °C.
In addition to providing protection from the desert sun, walkways have been built between the adjacent ground floors and the open terraces of the houses located on the upper floors. They are traditionally used by women to move from one area to another.
5. Death Valley, California, USA, 56.7 °C
This desert valley in eastern California, on the border with Nevada, is often called the hottest place on Earth. And although this is not entirely true, Death Valley is undoubtedly the hottest and driest spot in the United States. Summer temperatures range between 46 and 50 °C, and on September 16, 1913, the highest temperature in the area was 56.7 °C.
To understand the origins of the valley's name, we need to go back in time to the Gold Rush era. This was between 1849 and 1850. Some gold miners tried to cross the valley and found their death instead of the precious metal. However, the valley continued to attract profit seekers, as it was very rich in gold and silver.
Every year, Death Valley attracts tourists from all over the world who want to admire its amazing landscapes. One of the most striking sites in this area is Zabriskie Point, composed of ancient lake sediments, salt mud and gravel that combine to create a beautiful, surreal landscape.
4. Al Azizia, Libya, 58.2 °C
In the north-west of Libya is the city of Al-Aziziya. In 1922, the air temperature in the shade was recorded there at 58.2 C, and for a long time it remained the highest temperature in the world. However, in 2012, experts from the World Meteorological Organization questioned these data because they considered that insufficiently reliable means of recording temperature were used to obtain them. On ordinary days, the air in Al-Azizia warms up to an average of 33 degrees.
The city is very inhospitable and because strong wind, which reduces the temperature to twenty degrees in a few hours. Because of this, the weather varies from scalding hot to uncomfortably cold in a very short time. Despite this, the population of Al-Azizia exceeds 300,000 people.
3. Turpan, China, 66.7 °C
Located in the northeastern part of China, Turpan City is located at an altitude of 154 m below sea level. It is the hottest place in China and also the third hottest place on the planet.
Despite the heat, groundwater and fertile soil made Turpan a real oasis in the desert. The water system of this area consists of a series of vertical and horizontal wells connected to underground channels. This system ensures uninterrupted water supply throughout the year.
2. Queensland, Australia, 68.9 °C
This state is located in the northeast of the Australian continent. In 2003, a year of severe drought, a NASA satellite recorded internal area Queensland temperature is 68.9°C. This area can be as dangerous as it is exciting; this is a region of rodeos, theme parks, lush tropical forests and various tourist attractions. A " business card» Queensland is considered one of the Great Barrier Reef.
1. Dasht-e Lut, Iran 70 °C
Here is the answer to the question, where is the highest temperature on Earth. This hellishly hot region is located on the Iran-Afghan border, and is the twenty-fifth largest sandy desert in the world. Its length is 400-450 km from north to south and from 200 to 250 km from west to east.
Dasht-e Lut is an extremely arid desert with very high summer temperatures. This is proven by measurements made by the MODIS instrument installed on NASA's Aqua satellite. Between 2003 and 2005, the device showed that in the Iranian wasteland the temperature rose to 70.7 °C. This is an absolute record for our planet. Thanks to this, Dashte-Lut has earned the title of “the hottest place on Earth.”
In spring it rains in this area, but for a very short time, and the ground dries out quickly. And strong and constant wind moves sand dunes up to 300 m in size. So Dashte Lut is not the place where you want to spend your summer holiday.
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