Mushrooms look like their valuables edible lookalikes. In some cases this similarity is relatively superficial, in others it is strong. Such mushrooms are called twin mushrooms. They can be confused not only by an inexperienced person, but also by an experienced mushroom picker, which often leads to sad and even fatal mistakes. In this regard, we will briefly describe the most important twin mushrooms.
The most dangerous mushrooms
The most dangerous poisonous mushroom of forests, found in large quantities in beech, oak and mixed forests, is , or green fly agaric. This is a beautiful mushroom with an olive, greenish-olive color, more towards the center dark hat no remnants of the bedspread. The plates and spore powder are white. The leg is white, with pale greenish stripes (moire), with a wide hanging ring, at the base with a bag-like wide free white volva. The venom of the toadstool is deadly poisonous.
By the nature of the toxins produced and the symptoms of poisoning, two other deadly poisonous ones are close to the pale grebe fly agaric- fly agaric and spring fly agaric. The fly agaric has a smelly white hat up to 7 cm in diameter, bad smell. Grows in coniferous forests, less often - deciduous. The spring fly agaric is also white in color and is found in deciduous and mixed forests.
These three deadly poisonous fly agarics have many edible look-alikes:
Fly agaric is the most dangerous double of champignon
Due to ignorance or carelessness, deadly poisonous fly agarics are often confused with green or olive ones. Some champignons are similar to fly agarics in the color of the cap and the presence of a ring on the stem, but are clearly distinguished by the absence of a volva and the color of the plates. The plates of only young champignons are pinkish; later they darken to brown or black-brown.It is very important to pick champignons with the stem to make sure there is no valva. The similarity of poisonous fly agarics with green or olive russula is based on the similarity of the color of the cap and plates. The plates of russula, like those of fly agarics, are white. Main hallmark good edible russula– green, greenish and some others – absence of a ring and a volva on the leg. Therefore, when collecting russula, it is necessary to pay attention to the details of the structure of the stem.
The dangerous double of the porcini mushroom is the gall mushroom.
People even call it false boletus. Grows in spruce and pine forests from July to September, at the same time when intensive growth of porcini mushrooms is observed. Externally, he is very similar to White mushroom. But the thin pattern on its stem is dark in color (in the porcini mushroom - white drawing), in the form of a mesh and the lower surface of the cap is pink. And its flesh quickly turns red at the break.On pale grebe similar edible row- greenfinch. However, the greenfinch has neither a ring nor a volva on its leg, and the color of the plates is yellowish-greenish. The most dangerous is the similarity of some forms and varieties of the polymorphic fungus gray floater. The gray float, like poisonous fly agarics, has a volva at the base of the leg, but there is no ring. The color of the cap and the color of the plates are similar. Therefore, we draw the attention of mushroom pickers to the need to carefully examine the leg for the presence or absence of a ring when collecting floats.
The conventionally edible mushroom - fly agaric - can be confused with the poisonous fly agaric, but they clearly differ in the color of the pulp. U poisonous fly agaric In the panther, it is white and does not change when broken, but in the edible fly agaric, the reddened flesh turns pink when broken. But it is better, of course, not to eat fly agarics. None.
Deadly poisonous cobweb – little-known mushroom, has similarities with some edible spider webs. Spider webs are generally not popular among the population of the Carpathians, so the danger of collecting orange-red spider webs instead of any of the edible spider webs is low.
To familiarize a wide range of mushroom pickers with the deadly poisonous orange-red spider web, we present its most important signs.
The cap is 3–9 cm in diameter, orange or brown-red, orange-orange, dry, matte. Leg 4 – 9 × 0.5 – 1.5 cm, rusty yellow, smooth, dry. The pulp is yellowish, with a faint rare odor. The plates are orange-ocher or orange-rusty. The spore powder is brownish. Young fruiting bodies have a cobwebby covering (cortina).
Honey mushrooms. Particular attention should be paid to doubles of valuable edible again(true autumn, summer mushrooms), poisonous falseagain- And . False honey mushrooms differ from edible ones by the gray, brownish-greenish, light brownish color of the plates, the color of the spore powder and the light reddish-brown, sulfur-yellow color of the cap.
Dangerous poisonous talkers (species of the genus Clitocybe - C. dealbata, etc.) can be mistaken for edible species of this genus - for example, the funnel-shaped talker (C. qibba (Pers~ Fr.) Kumm.) or the valuable edible cherry mushroom (Clitopilus prunulus (Scop.: Fr.) Kumm.).
It should be remembered that poisonous talkers are characterized by a white or whitish color of the entire fruiting body, and edible ones are whitish-yellowish, yellowish-brown, gray, ash-gray.
Thus, it clearly differs from poisonous plates in color (yellowish-pink), spore powder (pink), and spore shape (widely fusiform, elongated ellipsoid, with three longitudinal wrinkled grooves); in talkers, the plates and spore powder are white, the spores are ellipsoidal and smooth.
Kira Stoletova
Honey mushrooms are valued for taste qualities and versatility. The problem is that they have dangerous doubles. The most poisonous is the false summer honey fungus. The insidious false honey mushrooms are similar to their edible counterparts, so cases of poisoning are not uncommon. To prevent this from happening, it is imperative to study the types of poisonous counterparts.
Description of summer honey fungus
Summer honey fungus is collected in deciduous forests. The species grows in entire families on dead wood or stumps. Harvest occurs from mid-April to November.
The description of the species is as follows:
- The size of the mushroom caps reaches 6-7 cm. In young mushrooms it has a neat convex shape, in old ones it takes on a flat shape with a small tubercle at the top.
- The color of summer honey fungus depends on the level of humidity. If the forest is dry, the mushrooms will have a matte golden yellow color, with small grooves along the edge. If the forest is humid, the mushrooms will have a brown or ocher tint and will show through a little in the light.
- The cap of the honey mushroom is slightly slimy, smooth, and moist to the touch. The leg is strong, thin, grows up to 7 cm. Under the cap on the leg there is a white or yellowish ring, below the ring there are scales. The plates are firmly attached to the cap.
- The spores are dark in color with a brown tint.
- The pulp is thin, dry, fibrous in the stem, watery in the cap.
- When broken, the mushroom has a pleasant woody smell.
Beneficial features
Summer honey mushrooms are a storehouse of useful substances. It contains vitamins E, C, PP, some B vitamins. Mushrooms also contain valuable microelements: phosphorus, iron, magnesium, copper, zinc, sodium, potassium and calcium.
The mushroom has antibacterial effect, drugs based on it successfully treat a number of bacterial diseases. The special properties of this mushroom make it possible to treat staphylococcus.
These mushrooms practically do not accumulate heavy metals.
In addition to the above, regular consumption of mushrooms contributes to:
- normalization of heart function;
- improving performance;
- increasing immunity;
- eliminating intestinal infections;
- eliminating constipation;
- eliminating stress;
- improving memory;
- resorption of blood clots.
Harm and contraindications
Honey fungus will not harm if you choose high-quality and edible fruits. But there are still contraindications:
- These mushrooms should not be given to children under 7 years of age: a child’s stomach is not able to digest mushrooms at all.
- They are contraindicated for people with serious diseases of the stomach and intestines.
Dangerous twins
The honey fungus has dangerous counterparts, so poisonous that they can be fatal.
False summer honey fungus
False summer honey fungus is the most dangerous false brother edible mushroom, it is also called the sulfur-yellow poisonous mushroom. In the central part of Russia, the false summer honey fungus will have a red-brown cap, in the south it will be sulfur-yellow.
According to the description, the flesh of the mushroom, when broken, has a sulfur-yellow color. The stem is thin, there is no ring on it, characteristic of edible mushrooms. The plates are yellow-green. The mushroom tastes bitter.
Galerina bordered
Galerina fringed is similar to edible honey mushrooms, but it has a number of differences:
- the cap of the galerina fringed is red in color with a transition to yellow at the edges;
- leg with a ring, but without scales;
- when broken, the mushroom has a powdery smell;
- does not form intergrowths.
Galerina chooses coniferous forests for growth.
Inedible brick red honey fungus
Based on the name, the mushroom has an orange, almost red color. The stem lacks the ring characteristic of this species. The pulp is light yellow, bitter.
On young mushrooms, the plates are gray; as the mushroom matures and ages, they acquire a brown or yellowish-olive hue.
How to distinguish edible mushrooms from poisonous ones
It’s easy to distinguish false honeypots from edible ones, you just need to take a closer look:
- at poisonous mushrooms missing "skirt" white on a leg;
- the pulp of false honey bees is bitter and has an unpleasant, specific odor;
- records on poisonous plants dark, closer to brown and olive, on edible ones - always white or cream in color.
According to the description, the harvest is carried out the next year after sowing. Honey mushrooms grown at home will produce a harvest for 3-6 years. It's hard on the stumps hardwood the mycelium will produce a harvest longer.
Growing this type of mushroom on personal plot can lead to infection of fruit trees. The mycelium destroys the wood of the tree and it dies.
Conclusion
Honey mushrooms are one of the most popular mushrooms eaten. Unfortunately they have insidious doubles, which are similar to their edible counterparts, but are easy to distinguish. This type Mushrooms are easy to grow at home, the plants do not require special premises, and the level of illumination is not important to them.
Often reveals the places where you need to look for them. Boletus, boletus - it is clear that for these mushrooms it is best to go to aspen and birch groves. The same is with honey mushrooms - most often they are found on stumps or fallen trees. The only exception is the meadow honey fungus, which “scatters” like a path in open meadows.
Summer honey fungus
Experienced mushroom pickers know what real mushrooms look like, but beginners can pick up duplicate mushrooms. Summer honey fungus is most often found in deciduous forests from mid-April to mid-November. Prefers to be located large families on rotten stumps or broken trees. Young man's hat summer honey fungus yellow-brown, the old one is reddish-brown. The plates under the cap of a young mushroom are whitish, while those of an old one are rusty brown. The leg is brown on top, darker below. The main difference is the ring on the stem. A photo of false mushrooms is presented below.
False summer honey fungus
It is very important to be able to distinguish between twin mushrooms, for example, summer honey fungus and its false brothers, the most dangerous of which is sulfur-yellow poisonous mushroom. Moreover, in the south of our country it has a sulfur-yellow cap, and in the central part it is red-brown. Its plates are dark yellow-green, there is no ring on the stem, the flesh is bitter with an unpleasant taste and has a sulfur-yellow hue.
Another type that has poisonous twin mushrooms- autumn honey fungus. Its poisonous counterpart is distinguished by a bright yellow leg and cap, its surface is smooth, without scales. It belongs to the gray plate false honey mushrooms- with an ocher-yellow cap, bitter, whitish flesh, pale yellow plates and a leg that is light yellow on top and yellow-brown below. Edible honey fungus the autumn one looks different: the young mushroom has a gray cap, white plates and white pulp with good taste and smell, its plates are also whitish. The leg is light brown at the top, dark brown at the bottom. An old mushroom with a yellow-brown cap, light yellow plates with rusty spots, the flesh and stem are like a young mushroom. Photos of edible honey mushrooms can be seen below.
Differences between edible and false honey mushrooms
There is one feature that distinguishes edible and dangerous mushroom twins. Summer, autumn or winter honey fungus has cream-colored plates, while false mushrooms have dark, black-olive or sulfur-yellow plates. Their pulp has an unpleasant smell and bitter taste. They do not have a ring under the cap - this is what distinguishes twin mushrooms.
The summer meadow honey fungus is distinguished by a light brown bell-shaped cap, which then becomes almost flat, with a tubercle in the middle, yellow-fawn in color. His plates are fawn, sparse and wide. The flesh is pale yellow and the smell is somewhat reminiscent of cloves. The adaptability of this mushroom is amazing: it can withstand even the July heat, although it looks a little dried out.
Winter honey fungus
TO edible honey mushrooms refers to winter honey fungus. It grows in gardens, on forest edges and banks of streams, in park areas. But most often it is found on damaged trees. It can be collected from autumn to spring. It is located in dense groups and grows even under snow. Its cap is honey-yellow, the plates and flesh are cream or light yellow, the leg is yellowish on top and darker underneath. When going for mushrooms, it is advisable to take with you an experienced person who can distinguish duplicate mushrooms. Summer, winter or autumn honey fungus is enough to take a good look at once and then collect them with confidence.
Loading...
