Their sizes can vary greatly, and there are octopuses that reach large sizes. Octopus tentacles pose a threat even to divers, although some naturalists believe that this threat is somewhat exaggerated. These mollusks swim easily, move along the bottom, and sit in their favorite underwater crevices and caves. The number of brain (nerve) cells in them is significantly increased, and they form brain centers - ganglia, which have a cartilaginous skull to protect them.
The length of octopus tentacles can reach 7.5 – 9 meters.
Octopuses- the most highly organized representatives among cephalopods and are considered extremely intelligent, if this word can be used here, animals. The highly organized nature of some cephalopods in evolutionary terms is also evidenced by the structure of their eyes. For example, the eyes of octopuses are so complex that scientists consider them similar to the eyes of vertebrates, since almost all the elements typical of vertebrate eyes are present in the eyes of octopuses. His eyes are able to adapt to changes in lighting when emerging from the depths to the surface.
Octopuses, which have a relatively highly developed brain, are quite curious, but more often, being quite cautious animals, they prefer to swim away from him when meeting a person. Real danger for swimmers it represents careless handling even of small octopuses, which, having a well-developed venomous apparatus, can bite.
It is believed that octopuses can develop it quite easily. There are cases when biologists, studying the capabilities of these animals, easily achieved their appearance by feeding them with fish. At the same time, the octopuses even showed some friendliness towards humans, but these were not very large specimens.
Octopus poison apparatus contains front and rear salivary glands, from which the salivary duct departs into the buccal mass and jaws. With these jaws the octopus is capable of inflicting strong bites and even tear apart captured prey held by the suction cups of the tentacles. In the animal's mouth there is a tongue, in front of which there is a growth that opens to the duct of the posterior salivary glands. The anterior salivary glands have paired ducts that open in the pharynx from the side and back. The poison from them gets into the throat of the mollusk.
The octopus's mouth opens into a pharynx with thick, muscular walls. This entire muscle complex is called buccal mass. It is well hidden in the surrounding muscular bases of the tentacles. This buccal mass is crowned with two powerful chitinous jaws, upper and lower.
In general, octopuses can be considered rather than swimming. Typically, small specimens live more often close to the shore on not great depths, and here large species they live at great depths - up to 8 thousand m. The tentacles are dangerous for scuba divers and divers because, having grabbed a person, they can pull him to the mouth. There have been cases where octopuses have become attached to a rubber diving suit, but this happened more often when people tried to remove the animal from its shelter.
Troubles for swimmers are usually caused by small species of octopuses, including the smallest of the octopuses, which lives in the waters of the Australian mainland. This tiny octopus fits easily in the palm of your hand, but should be handled with great care, as its venom is highly toxic and a person stung can die within minutes. When bitten by a small Australian octopus, the venom affects the central nervous system, which is often fatal.
When talking about this creature, one can imagine a pear-shaped mollusk with tentacles instead of arms. The octopus is very similar to the squid, and is its relative. He actually has tentacles that replace his arms. In addition, it has a different body shape, which resembles an elongated pear with tentacles.
Suckers
Thanks to the suction cups, the octopus can grab any animal. There is another important device on its body, a wonderfully developed sharp jaw that looks like the beak of a bird.
Features of an octopus
main feature This predator has a poison that slowly kills its prey by paralyzing it. It also poses a danger to humans. From scientific facts The bite site is known to swell and itch very much. The victim develops weakness throughout the body, chills and dizziness. This condition can last a very long time and lead to fatal outcome, if the person is not provided with proper health care. There are very few such cases, but they still exist. Therefore, it should be remembered that the octopus is dangerous for both animals and people.
Octopus body structure
The octopus has 8-10 tentacles with suction cups, which replace its arms and help it hunt. They all have nails and suction cups, which is also undoubtedly a plus. These creatures have excellent vision, have poisonous glands, and they can see even in the dark. Due to one unusual adaptation, the octopus can remain on the surface of the water for a long time. A “water storage bag” helps him with this.
Related materials:
Interesting facts about cuckoos
These mollusks have the property of regeneration. If an octopus loses a tentacle, it will grow back after some time. Amazing, isn't it? Therefore, no predators are afraid of him.
Octopus “spotlights” Having the ability to change color, the octopus is difficult to notice against the background of stones or sandy bottom. And of course, one of the main features is the spotlights. Naturally we're talking about not about floodlights on ships and stadiums, but about natural ones. These are spots on the skin that glow at night, which help him move underwater, where it is always very dark.
In science, there are about 100 species of octopuses, but all of them are small, no more than a meter long. Only a few species are truly large. These are the simple octopus, the Doflein octopus, the Apollo octopus and the Hong Kong octopus. All of them have a length of three to 4 meters, and weigh about 25 kilograms.
In his 1898 story Pirates of the Deep Sea, H. G. Wells describes a world in which intelligent octopuses and squids scour the coast of Devon in England to savor the taste of human flesh. The work is considered one of the weakest creations of the writer. Really, how can a villain made of jelly be awe-inspiring?
It turns out that it still can. The reputation of octopuses is very specific, but it does not give a complete picture of the cunning, intelligence and cunning of cephalopods. In the distant future, it is possible that octopuses will be the new rulers of our planet. So you can get ready to sing their praises!
Imitation of other living beings
Everyone knows what an octopus looks like: a large onion-shaped head, sleepy eyes and eight creepy tentacles. But this is not always the case: some species may differ strikingly from our imagination and take the form of others sea creatures. And this is already creepy.
As you can see in the video, the Indian mimic octopus or Thaumoctopus mimicus fully confirms its name. At any moment he can take new uniform, imitating snakes, fish, crustaceans. On this moment 19 forms are known, but who said there couldn’t be more?
Dirty psychological tricks
Many species of animals are predators and feed on other living things because this is how their nature works: they wait, chase and kill their food, like any self-respecting hunter. But the octopus is not like that - it really can be called mean and dishonest. And many of his tricks are really scary.
An example can be seen in the video: the shrimp is busy with its own business, and at this time the octopus pretends to attack from the right. The shrimp rushes to the left in a panic and immediately falls into the hungry mouth of the cephalopod. The octopus tricked the poor shrimp!
Using Tools
Using tools is a sign of intelligence. For a long time people were sure that only they could do this, but now we know that primates and some species of birds use improvised means, but this is not surprising: primates are close relatives of homo sapiens, and crows have the mind of a seven-year-old child.
But it gets a little alarming when it's not a mammal doing these things sea creature. Nevertheless, octopuses are very successful in this. During observations, for example, tentacled predators used pieces of wood to open the valves of mollusks. In the video you can see how the octopus created a shelter for itself using two halves of a coconut shell. Forget about tools, they are already building houses!
Moving on the ground
It’s immediately worth remembering the same story “Pirates of the Deep Sea” by Wells, where the octopuses ran after the stupid people along the shore, using their tentacles as legs. You can laugh at this, they say, octopuses do not move on land. But this video will prove you wrong. Not only can these creatures move on the ground, but they also do it regularly.
It is worth noting that only one species of octopus does this, but it still becomes scary: little Cthulhu, with the help of hundreds of suction cups, drags his body from one body of water to another in order to catch the next unwary victim. Of course, the person has not yet become prey, but what will happen next?
Experiential learning
Experiential learning is difficult for animals. It includes not only the ability to logically process visual information, but also to use the acquired knowledge in practice. Similar actions are characteristic of primates, many species of birds and octopuses, of course.
As this video shows, octopuses not only learn from each other, but also improve their acquired skills. It takes an expert to teach a group of people how to set a trap or load a rifle. Octopuses solve the problem of solving a given problem collectively. And if that goal is to “kill people,” then we are in big trouble.
Slips into virtually any size hole
Imagine the picture: the day of the Great Octopus Revolution has arrived! Shape-shifting cephalopods with machine guns in their tentacles roam the earth. You try to hide in your car, with shaking hands you insert the ignition key, turn it, trying not to look at the suction cups clinging to the windows. The car starts moving and it seems to you that the worst is over, but at the same second you see an octopus that is seeping into the cabin through the air ducts.
Due to the lack of a skeleton, cephalopods can change their body shape and shrink as they please. This means that the octopus can squeeze into any gap. In laboratory conditions, the owners of the tentacles try to escape through the sewer pipes as quickly as possible. In the case of an octo-apocalypse, this means that no one is protected.
Superpower
Don’t think that being spineless and gelatinous makes an octopus a weakling. His tentacles are incredibly strong. This can be judged by watching the video: several more divers help a healthy adult male diver free himself from the tight embrace of an angry octopus.
Every year there is more and more evidence that cephalopods are capable of extreme cruelty. There are reports of octopuses attacking sharks alone and emerging victorious from the fight. And if you choose between these two predators, then a shark may not seem like the worst option to meet.
Alien Mind
The common ancestor of humans and octopuses lived 750 million years ago. The supercontinent Rodinia still existed, the Cambrian explosion had yet to occur, and dinosaurs still needed tens and hundreds of millions of years to appear. The common ancestor was a big-eyed worm, so it’s not surprising that now the octopus’s brain is strikingly different from the brain of mammals or birds. What is important for us is to know how much difference there is between the intelligence of humans and octopuses.
In an octopus, the brain is not in one place, like ours, but is scattered throughout the body: one part is where it should be (in the head), then there is a small copy of it in each of the tentacles and another “ backup copy"behind the eyeballs. Moreover, each of these think tanks is independent. This means that the octopus's tentacles can move independently of each other and without direct orders from the "main" brain. It would be the same if our hands could move on their own, sometimes alone, sometimes in pairs, listening to the instructions of the brain or ignoring them. We simply cannot understand how such a mind functions. And it's really creepy.
Cannibalism
It seems like this is good. Octopuses are solitary animals that do not gather in schools or live in families. They are so withdrawn that they can easily attack and eat another octopus. Good news for humanity, right? On the contrary, cannibalism speaks of even more terrible consequences.
Think about it: a creature can eat its own kind not for survival, but just like that, because bad mood. No mercy or compassion: you should not hope for mercy from your family, loved ones, or friends. People are just another source of nutrition.
Grudge
Until now, we have said that an octopus uprising is possible only in the distant future, when cephalopods reach a higher intellectual level of development. This is far from true.
Octopuses already have the necessary level of intelligence and a truly demonic personality capable of seizing power over the world. This can be observed in rancor and the fact that the owner of tentacles and suction cups is able to distinguish between people.
One article in Orion magazine talks about an aquarium worker who was disliked by a giant Pacific octopus named Truman: every time the woman was near Truman and smoked, he poured water on her. For obvious reasons, the employee quit smoking and then quit. Months passed. The octopus did not spray water at any aquarium employee. And as soon as this girl dropped in to visit her colleagues, she received a powerful volley of water in the face.
The octopus is a representative of the family of cephalopods. It is popularly known as an octopus, as it has eight huge tentacles. Since ancient times, there have been many legends and myths about this inhabitant of the seas. For example, sailors believed that a giant octopus-kraken lived in the ocean, capable of dragging an entire ship under water. These representatives of cephalopods form two suborders: deep-sea octopuses (Cirrata) and true octopuses (Incirrata).
The size of most octopuses does not exceed half a meter; only the common octopus, Apollyon, Hong Kong and Doflein octopus are considered large. Some species are poisonous. They live in subtropical and tropical seas and oceans, most often in coastal rocky areas. They feed on crustaceans, mollusks and fish. Octopuses breathe through gills and can remain out of water for a short time.
Anatomy and physiology of octopuses
The octopus or octopus is a typical representative of cephalopods. Their body is compact, soft, round. The length of an adult octopus varies in the range from 1 centimeter to 4 meters. The mass of an octopus can reach 50 kilograms.
On the body of the octopus there is a mantle, which is a leather bag. The length of the mantle in males reaches 9.5 centimeters, and in females - 13.5 centimeters. An octopus has no bones. Because of this feature, it can easily change its shape and stay in a limited space.
The octopus has eight tentacles that are interconnected. A thin membrane serves as a connector. Located on the tentacles suction cups in 1-3 rows. Number of suckers adult can reach two thousand. One suction cup can hold approximately 100 grams of weight. In this case, retention occurs only due to the work of muscles, and not due to adhesion.
The mouth opening is where the tentacles grow. The mouth is equipped two strong jaws, similar to the beak of birds. The pharynx has a radula, similar to a grater, that grinds food. The anus is hidden under the mantle.
Common octopus may change color. This occurs under the influence of signals transmitted nervous system in response to external environment. In its normal state the octopus is brown, in case of danger it is white, and if it is angry it is red.
The eyes of an octopus are similar to human ones: large with lens and an outwardly oriented retina. It is noteworthy that the pupils are rectangular in shape.
Features of the organism of octopuses
This cephalopod has three hearts: one is responsible for distributing blood throughout the body, the other two are responsible for conducting blood through the gills.
Octopus has highly developed brain and rudiments of the cortex. The shape of the brain resembles a donut. This shape allows the brain to be compactly positioned around the esophagus. Cephalopods are capable of perceiving not only ordinary sounds, but also infrasound.
Also, thanks to the huge number of taste buds, the edibility of food is determined. Compared to other invertebrates, the octopus Very large genome . It has 28 pairs of chromosomes and approximately 33 thousand protein-coding genes. According to the latter indicator, the octopus is even ahead of humans.
Octopus lifestyle and behavior
Octopuses live in all seas and oceans in the tropics and subtropics. As a rule, these animals lead a benthic lifestyle alone. They prefer to settle among stones and algae. They can settle in the empty shells of other underwater inhabitants.
For living, they choose a den with a narrow entrance, but spacious inside. Cleanliness is achieved using a funnel. Garbage and leftovers are not kept inside the habitat. On a hard surface, even a vertical one, octopuses move by crawling with the help of tentacles.
If an octopus needs to swim, then to do this, the octopus draws water into the cavity where its gills are located and forcefully pushes it out in the opposite direction. If a change in direction is required, the funnel through which the water is pushed is rotated.
Any of the octopus's movement options is very slow, so for hunting the animal actively uses ambushes and color changes to obtain food.
The main enemies of octopuses are:
- dolphins;
- whales;
- sea lions;
- sharks;
- seals.
In case of danger, the octopus will often flees for his life, while releasing a dark liquid from special glands. How long does this liquid remain compact in the water, allowing the octopus to hide? Some zoologists believe that these shapeless spots also act as decoys.
In addition, if a tentacle is grabbed, it can come off due to strong muscle contraction. The tentacle continues to move for some time, which allows the octopus to break away from the enemy.
Reproduction of octopuses
Breeding periods occur in April and October. In some areas the dates have been shifted and fall to June and October. An octopus mates by releasing sperm from the mantle of the male into the mantle of the female.
Female octopuses after fertilization lay eggs. For laying, they choose depressions in the ground and make a nest, covering it with shells and stones. The eggs of octopuses are spherical, united in groups of 8–20 pieces.
In one clutch there may be 80 thousand eggs. The octopus takes care of the eggs, passing water, removing dirt and foreign objects. Until the eggs hatch, the female remains at the nest without food. It happens that she even dies after the young hatch.
During the first months, newborn octopuses feed on plankton and lead only a benthic lifestyle. After a month and a half, they already reach 12 millimeters and weigh several grams, and upon reaching 4 months they weigh about a kilogram.
Of the entire clutch, only one or two individuals reach sexual maturity. The lifespan of animals can reach 4 years, but on average octopuses live 1−2 years.
What do octopuses eat?
By the nature of their feeding, bottom-dwelling octopuses are classified as lurking predators. Hidden in their shelter, they patiently watch for passing fish, crabs, lobsters, lobsters and quickly rush at them, enveloping them with their long arms. The favorite food of octopuses is Kamchatka crabs.
Having caught a crab, the octopus carries it, holding it with its tentacles like hands, to its shelter. Sometimes one octopus drags several crabs at once. Octopuses also catch large gobies and flounders. Capture of prey occurs with the help of suction cups on the tentacles. Their strength is amazing: a suction cup with a diameter of 3 centimeters can withstand 2.5-3.5 kilograms.
This is a lot, especially since these animals have hundreds of suckers. Very ingenious experiments were carried out to determine the strength of the suction cups. Octopuses kept in an aquarium were given a crab tied to a dynamometer. He instantly grabbed the crab with his hands and hurried to hide with it in the shelter, but the leash did not allow him to do this.
Then the octopus firmly attached itself to the crab and began to forcefully pull it towards itself. At the same time, he held the crab with three hands, and with the rest he stuck to the bottom of the aquarium. Octopuses weighing about 1 kilogram or more could develop a force equal to 18 kilograms.
Octopuses recognize the taste of food not with their tongue, which is converted into a grater, but with their hands. All inner surface tentacles and suckers are involved in tasting food. These sea animals have an unusually subtle sense of taste; they can even taste their enemies.
Octopuses prefer to eat:
- Fish.
- Crustaceans.
- Marine animals and shellfish.
If you drop a drop of water near an octopus, taken from an aquarium where a moray eel, the worst enemy of mollusks, lives, the octopus will immediately turn purple and run away.
Like many others cephalopods, octopuses belong to carnivorous animals. They grab their food with their tentacles and kill it with poison, and only then begin to consume it internally. If the victim is caught with a shell, then the octopus breaks it with its “beak” located near the mouth.
Octopuses are perhaps the most amazing of the mollusks that live in the world. sea depths. Their weird appearance surprises, delights, sometimes frightens, the imagination draws giant octopuses that can easily drown even big ships, this kind of demonization of the octopus was greatly facilitated by the creativity of many famous writers For example, Victor Hugo in his novel “Toilers of the Sea” described the octopus as “the absolute embodiment of evil.” In reality, octopuses, of which there are more than 200 species in nature, are completely harmless creatures, and it is rather they who need to be afraid of us humans, and not vice versa.
The closest relatives of octopuses are squid and cuttlefish; they themselves belong to the genus of cephalopods, the family of octopuses proper.
Octopus: description, structure, characteristics. What does an octopus look like?
The appearance of the octopus is confusing; it is immediately unclear where its head is, where its mouth is, where its eyes and limbs are. But then everything becomes clear - the sac-like body of the octopus is called the mantle, which is fused with a large head, and there are eyes on its upper surface. The eyes of an octopus have a convex shape.
The octopus's mouth is tiny and surrounded by chitinous jaws called the beak. The latter is necessary for the octopus to grind food, since they cannot swallow prey whole. He also has a special grater in his throat, which grinds pieces of food into pulp. There are tentacles around the mouth that are genuine business card octopus. The tentacles of the octopus are long, muscular, their lower surface is covered with different sizes suckers responsible for taste (yes, the octopus’s suckers contain its taste buds). How many tentacles does an octopus have? There are always eight of them, in fact, the name of this animal comes from this number, since the word “octopus” means “eight legs” (well, that is, tentacles).
Also, twenty species of octopuses have special fins that serve as a kind of rudders when they move.
Interesting fact: octopuses are the most intelligent among mollusks; the octopus' brain is surrounded by special cartilage, strikingly similar to the skull of vertebrates.
All the senses of octopuses are well developed, especially vision; the eyes of octopuses are very similar in structure to human eyes. Each of the eyes can see separately, but if the octopus needs to look at some object more closely, the eyes easily come together and focus on a given object, in other words, octopuses have the rudiments of binocular vision. Octopuses are also capable of detecting infrasound.
Structure internal organs the octopus is extraordinarily complex. For example, their circulatory system is closed, and the arterial vessels almost connect with the venous ones. The octopus also has three hearts! One of them is the main one, and two small gills, whose task is to push blood to the main heart, otherwise it directs the flow of blood throughout the body. Speaking of octopus blood, it's blue! Yes, all octopuses are real aristocrats! But seriously, the color of octopus blood is due to the presence of a special pigment in it - geocyamine, which in them plays the same role as hemoglobin in us.
One more interesting organ, which the octopus has, is a siphon. The siphon leads into the mantle cavity, where the octopus draws water and then, abruptly releasing it, creates a real jet that pushes its body forward. True, the octopus’s jet device is not as perfect as that of its relative the squid (which became the prototype for the creation of a rocket), but it is also excellent.
The sizes of octopuses vary between species, the largest of which is 3 meters long and weighs about 50 kg. Most species of medium-sized octopuses range from 0.2 to 1 meter in length.
As for the color of octopuses, they are usually red, brown, or yellow colors, but can also easily change their color like this. Their mechanism for changing color is the same as that of reptiles - special chromatophore cells located on the skin can stretch and contract in a matter of seconds, simultaneously changing color, and making the octopus invisible to potential predators, or expressing its emotions (for example, angry the octopus turns red, even black).
Where does the octopus live?
The habitat of octopuses is almost all seas and oceans, with the exception of northern waters, although they sometimes penetrate there too. But most often octopuses live in warm seas, both in shallow water and at very great depths - some deep-sea octopuses can penetrate to depths of up to 5000 m. Many octopuses like to settle in coral reefs.
What do octopuses eat?
Octopuses, however, like other cephalopods, are predatory creatures; their diet consists of a variety of small fish, as well as crabs and lobsters. They first capture their prey with their tentacles and kill them with poison, then they begin to absorb them, since they cannot swallow whole pieces, they first grind the food with their beak.
Octopus lifestyle
Octopuses usually lead a sedentary lifestyle, most For a time, they hide among reefs and sea rocks, emerging from their hiding places only to hunt. Octopuses, as a rule, live alone and are very attached to their area.
How long do octopuses live?
The lifespan of an octopus is on average 2-4 years.
Octopus enemies
One of the most dangerous enemies octopus in Lately is a person, which is greatly facilitated by cooking, because from octopus you can prepare many tasty and gourmet dishes. But besides this, the octopus has other natural enemies, various sea predators: sharks, sea lions, seals, killer whales are also not averse to eating octopus.
Is octopus dangerous for humans?
Is it only on the pages of books or in different science fiction films octopuses are incredible dangerous creatures, capable of not only easily killing people, but also destroying entire ships. In reality, they are quite harmless, even cowardly, when the slightest sign danger, the octopus prefers to retreat by flight, no matter what happens. Although they usually swim slowly, when in danger they turn on their jet engine, allowing the octopus to accelerate to a speed of 15 km per hour. They also actively use their ability of mimicry, merging with the surrounding space.
Only the largest species of octopus can pose some danger to scuba divers, and then only during the breeding season. In this case, of course, the octopus itself will never be the first to attack a person, but in defense, it can sting him with its poison, which, although not fatal, will, of course, cause some unpleasant feelings (swelling, dizziness). The exception is blue-ringed octopus, living off the coast of Australia, whose nerve venom is still fatal to humans, but since this octopus leads a secretive lifestyle, accidents with it are very rare.
Types of octopuses, photos and names
Of course, we will not describe all 200 species of octopuses; we will focus only on the most interesting of them.
As you probably guessed from the name, this is the largest octopus in the world. It can reach up to 3 meters in length and up to 50 kg in weight, but these are the largest individuals of this species, on average giant octopus has 30 kg, and 2-2.5 meters in length. Inhabits the Pacific Ocean from Kamchatka and Japan to the west coast of the USA.
The most widespread and well-studied species of octopus, living in the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean, from England to the shores of Senegal. It is relatively small, its body length is 25 cm, and together with the tentacles it is 90 cm. The body weight is on average 10 cm. It is very popular in the cuisine of the Mediterranean peoples.
And this one beautiful view The octopus, which lives off the coast of Australia, is also the most dangerous among them, since it is its poison that can cause cardiac arrest in humans. One more characteristic feature This octopus is characterized by the presence of characteristic blue and black rings on its yellow skin. A person can only be attacked while defending himself, so to avoid trouble, you just need to stay away from him. It is also the smallest octopus, its body length is 4-5 cm, its tentacles are 10 cm, and its weight is 100 grams.
Octopus breeding
Now let's look at how octopuses reproduce; this process is very interesting and unusual. Firstly, they reproduce only once in their lives and this action has dramatic consequences for them. Before mating season one of the tentacles of a male octopus turns into a kind of sexual organ - a hectocotylus. With its help, the male transfers his sperm into the mantle cavity of the female octopus. After this act, the males, alas, die. Females with male reproductive cells continue to lead for several months ordinary life, and only then lay eggs. There are them in the clutch great amount, up to 200 thousand pieces.
Then it lasts for several months until the young octopuses hatch, during which time the female becomes an exemplary mother, literally blowing away specks of dust from her future offspring. In the end, the female, exhausted from hunger, also dies. Young octopuses hatch from eggs completely ready for independent life.
- More recently, many people have heard of the famous octopus Paul, the octopus oracle, the octopus predictor, who with amazing accuracy predicted the results of football matches at the European Championships in Germany in 2008. In the aquarium where this octopus lived, two feeders with flags of opposing teams were placed, and then the team from whose feeder Paul the octopus began his meal won the football match.
- Octopuses have played a significant role in people’s erotic fantasies for quite some time; back in 1814, a certain Japanese artist Katsushika Hokusai published an erotic engraving, “The Dream of a Fisherman’s Wife,” which depicts a naked woman in the company of two octopuses.
- It is quite possible that, as a result of evolution, over millions of years, octopuses will develop into intelligent creatures similar to humans.
Life of an Octopus, video
And finally interesting documentary about octopuses from National Geographic.
Loading...
