Record-breaking mushrooms in Russia
Summer is over and the rains have begun. But this better weather for collecting mushrooms. The first record-breaking mushroom was found in Russia in July of this year. In Veliky Novgorod, a pensioner in the yard apartment building, in burdocks, a champignon (Agaricus) the size of a soccer ball and weighing more than 2 kilograms was found. Along with the 2 kilogram one, the pensioner found another champignon weighing 700 grams.
The second largest this year was the mushroom that grew in Krapivino. The Poleshchuk family managed to find a 5-kilogram puffball mushroom (Lycoperdon) right near their house, not far from the place where the largest mycelium is located. Valentin Poleshchuk says: “Our mushrooms always grow big. And then I look into the grass - something like a giant egg. It turned out to be a mushroom with a diameter of a little more than 20 centimeters.”
Canadian raincoat
The next find can be considered the most expensive mushroom. This is a truffle (Tuber) that weighed more than 7 kilograms. Of course, the owner of a unique find could make decent money, since such mushrooms are unusually expensive, because truffles are the most expensive mushrooms in the world. But he fried it and ate it with his family, and he thinks he did the right thing.
The largest found edible mushroom It is believed to be a mushroom that was discovered in Canada by a certain Jean Guy Richard. The puffball (Calvatia gigantean) he found turned out to be impressive size: its circumference was 2.64 meters and it weighed 22 kilograms.
Mexican champignon
In 2007, on the plantations of southeastern Mexico, in the state of Chiapas, a mushroom more than 60 centimeters tall and weighing about 20 kilograms was found, and in front of it the palm was held by a mushroom found by the Italian Francesco Quito, which weighed 14 kilograms. This champignon was so big that it took a car to bring it home.
The largest mushroom in the world, but, unfortunately, not edible, grows in national park Mahler Blue Mountains. The mushroom covers an incredible 890 hectares, which is equal to 1,220 football fields. It is difficult to say exactly its age, but it is assumed that the mushroom is more than 2400 years old. It belongs to the species Armilaria Ostoyae.
Andrey Kikhtenko, Samogo.Net
Its weight is more than 20 kilograms, and its height is about 75 centimeters...
Scientists say that this is macrocybe titans and this specimen is one of the largest edible mushrooms that have ever been found on our planet...
However, it does not reach the record: in 1985 in American state Wisconsin found a galvatia gigantea mushroom weighing 140 kilograms and spanning almost two meters. This giant was included in the Guinness Book of Records.
The unusual find has already been taken to a special laboratory. Usually in such cases, giant mushrooms are dried and research is carried out to determine their chemical composition...
But this is the largest of the edible mushrooms, and here is an example of truly giants!
So, the top 10 giant mushrooms.
10. Calvatia gigantea from England. Weight 2 kg
Discovers ten large mushrooms Calvatia gigantea from England. The record holder was discovered by a young gardener, Terri Hodson-Walker, after the rainy season. The width of the giant's cap was approximately 46 centimeters, and he weighed 2 kilograms. After the discovery, the girl decided to submit an application to the Guinness Book of Records so that the macromycete would be officially recognized as the largest mushroom in the world. Scientific name discovered mushroom – Calvatia gigantea. This is an ordinary raincoat that can be found almost all over the world. This type can reach colossal sizes, but often becomes a victim of forest animals who are not averse to feasting on the raincoat.
9. Boletus from Russia. Weight 2.4 kg
Another contender for the title of the largest mushroom in the world is the boletus from Russia, discovered in the Tomsk region. Local mushroom picker Alexey Korol found a giant boletus mushroom in the forest near his village. The diameter of the giant mushroom cap was 36 centimeters, and the height of the stem was 28 cm. The weight of the record holder was 2 kilograms 400 grams! As the Rossiya TV channel noted, this is not some alien - a mutant from outer space, but common boletus, not even wormy.
8. Lingzhi from China. Weight 7.5 kg
The found huge lacquered tinder fungus, or as it is called in China - lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum) - weighs 7.5 kg and its diameter is 107 cm. The find was discovered in one of the provincial Chinese cities of Hezhou. This mushroom belongs to the genus Ganoderma, which has been used in Chinese medicine for over 2000 years. It is also called the “mushroom of immortality.” Lingzhi is believed to boost immunity through active compounds called polysaccharides, which can increase the activity of white blood cells. The impressive size and weight of the tinder fungus allow it to occupy one of the positions in the ranking of the most large mushrooms in the world.
7. Raincoat from Russia. Weight 12 kg
The largest mushroom in Russia is the raincoat, found by mushroom picker Vladislav Grabosinsky in the fall of 2011 in Perm region. The diameter of the giant's cap was 1 meter and 72 centimeters, and the height was about half a meter. The weight of the find exceeded 12 kilograms. Biologists do not consider this find to be rare. Raincoats grew in size and reached 20 kg in weight. Puffballs are eaten when they are still young. Since it was too late to eat the giant, Vladislav took him to the Department of Botany of Perm University for study. This edible miracle was included in the Guinness Book of Records.
6. Champignon from Italy. Weight 14 kg
In Italy, a kind of record was also recorded. A huge champignon, weighing approximately 14 kilograms, was found by Francesco Quito, a resident of the province of Baria. Despite the fact that the mushroom was discovered near the village, Francesco could hardly carry it on his shoulder, so he had to use a car. The mushroom turned out to be unspoiled and edible. I had to call my neighbors to eat such a giant.
5. Macromycete from China. Weight 15 kg
A giant macromycete weighing 15 kilograms was discovered in the Chinese province of Yunnan. The mushroom not only turned out to be huge, but also had unusual shape. Outwardly, it resembled a hundred small mushroom caps growing on one stem! The diameter of the cap reached almost 1 meter. Scientists have not yet determined what species the eccentric fungal organism belongs to.
4. Macrocybe Titans from the USA. Weight 20 kg
If we talk about traditional macromycetes in the usual sense, then the leader in size can be called Macrocybe Titans, which grows in the Caribbean countries and the USA. In one of the southern Mexican states in 2007, a specimen was found whose mass was 20 kg and height - about 70 cm. However, this find is not the only one. In 2005, in the United States, Mexican biologist and mushroom specialist Rene Andrade came across the same mushroom, which also grew on a coffee plantation, and its weight was as much as 28 kilograms. Such big sizes make this macromycete the object of close attention of the scientific community.
3. Macromycete from Canada. Weight 26 kg
Canadian macromycetes can also compete in size. Canadian resident Christian Therrien discovered a raincoat weighing 26 kilograms. A man discovered a mushroom while walking with his son in the forest. The Canadians were amazed by their discovery and admitted that they had never seen such large raincoats in their lives. They took the mushroom home and had a photo shoot with it.
2. Fomitiporia ellipsoidea from China. Weight 500 kg
Another mushroom, found and studied by Chinese mycologists, grew 10.85 meters in height with a cap width of 82-88 cm. Scientists believe that this outstanding representative mushroom kingdom has been growing for at least 20 years. The giant tinder fungus with the world's largest fruiting body was found on Hainan Island in 2010, and has now been studied and classified. The brown monster turned out to be perennial tree mushroom- a representative of the species Fomitiporia ellipsoidea. One of the authors of the discovery, Yu Cheng Dai, from the Institute of Applied Ecology (IAE) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, says that he and his colleagues first found solid specimens of the same mushroom in Fujian province back in 2008. But still, those macromycetes were not as large as the giant from Hainan. Interestingly, the authors of the study did not deliberately look for the record holder, but simply studied the diversity of tree fungi in the forests of the island. “None of us ever imagined that a mushroom could grow so huge,” says Professor Dai. “We didn’t recognize him right away in the forest because he was too big.” Biologists estimated the volume of this mushroom at 409-525 thousand cm3, and its weight at approximately 500 kilograms. Discovered by scientists, F. ellipsoidea grows underground, so it for a long time remained unnoticed and was able to grow to such an impressive size.
1. Armillaria ostoyae from the USA. Weight more than 600 kg
The first line of the rating is occupied by the most big mushroom in a world that mycologists ( Mycology(from ancient Greek μύκης - mushroom) - a branch of biology, the science of mushrooms.) were discovered in relict forests of the USA. It is considered the largest living creature on the planet. This giant belongs to the Armillaria family, whose representatives have been known for their size for quite some time. Most of this living organism was underground; only small mushrooms could be clearly seen on the surface. The name of these macromycetes is Armillaria ostoyae or otherwise they are called honey mushrooms. One such honey fungus fits easily in the hand and is not too noticeable. But its mycelium, which is a single organism, occupied 880 hectares of area in the Oregon National Park! Its tentacles are located underground and entangle an area equal in size to 1,665 football fields. The mycelium has been growing throughout Oregon forests for about 2,500 years, destroying the root systems of trees in its path. That is why this macromycete is considered the largest on the planet.
In China, scientists have found the largest mushroom, which belongs to the tinder fungus (F. Ellipsoidea). The weight of its fruiting body is approximately 500 kg, the macromycete reaches about 10 meters in length and about 80 cm in width. According to preliminary estimates, its age is at least 20 years. It contains 450 million spores.
Polypores are fungi that grow on wood and soil. Externally, they differ from “classical” macromycetes. Their fruiting bodies, as a rule, are hard and flat plates. The largest one discovered in China grew underground for a long time, so it remained hidden from view. This allowed the macromycete to grow to such huge size. The scientists who found the mushroom say that there are a lot of tinder fungi in that area, but no one has ever found such gigantic specimens before. They claim that they were simply studying local macromycetes and accidentally stumbled upon a strange brown hill. Upon closer examination, it turned out to be a huge tinder fungus.
However, biologists discovered the largest mushroom in the world in the relict forests of the USA. It is considered the largest living creature on the planet. However, if the reader imagines a mushroom the size of a cottage, then he will be disappointed. The macromycete honey or dark honey fungus (Armillaria ostoyae) fits easily in the hand and is not too noticeable. It's all about the area of the mycelium, which has been growing throughout the Oregon forests for about 2,500 years, destroying the root systems of trees in its path. That's why the mushroom is considered a monster. Its mycelium, which is a single organism, occupied 880 hectares of one of the national parks in Oregon. Its tentacles are located underground and entangle an area equal in size to 1665. Therefore, this macromycete is considered the largest on the planet.
Of course, many will be interested in the question, is it possible to eat the largest mushroom? Oregon biologist Tina Dreisbach says honey mushroom is edible. However, she would not recommend eating the “monster”. Tina says that although the mushroom is called honey, it does not taste sweet at all, and can only be eaten with big amount garlic and butter.
For American biologists, the main task now is to learn to control the growth of the macromycete mycelium. Because the most big mushrooms in a world like honey mushrooms can nullify entire forested areas. The problem also lies in the fact that the macromycete has been developing for thousands of years. naturally. Therefore, interrupting its development could negatively impact the ecosystem of Oregon forests. Scientists are still studying the body and trying to predict the consequences of any actions. A photo of the largest mushroom can be seen in this article.
If we talk about traditional macromycetes in the usual sense, then the leader in size can be called Macrocybe Titans, which grows in the Caribbean countries and the USA. In one of the southern Mexican states in 2007, a specimen was found whose mass was 20 kg and height - about 70 cm. However, this find is not the only one. In 2005, a mushroom was found in the United States that weighed as much as 28 kilograms. Such large sizes make this macromycete the object of close attention of the scientific community.
Mushrooms combine characteristics of plants and animals. Among them there are record holders for height and weight. Any mushroom can become a giant if it grows in favorable conditions. Biologists believe that giant mushrooms are not an anomaly. And oddly enough, most of the largest mushrooms are edible, which by some miracle did not end up in the mushroom picker’s basket and were not eaten by animals.
10. Calvatia gigantea from England (weight 2 kg)
Discovers ten large mushrooms Calvatia gigantea from England. The record holder was discovered by a young gardener, Terri Hodson-Walker, after the rainy season.
The width of the giant's cap was approximately 46 centimeters, and he weighed 2 kilograms.
After the discovery, the girl decided to submit an application to the Guinness Book of Records so that the macromycete would be officially recognized as the largest mushroom in the world.
The scientific name of the discovered mushroom is Calvatia gigantea. This is an ordinary raincoat that can be found almost all over the world.
This species can reach colossal sizes, but often becomes a victim of forest animals that are not averse to feasting on the raincoat.
9. Boletus from Russia (weight 2.4 kg)
Another contender for the title of the largest mushroom in the world is the boletus from Russia, discovered in the Tomsk region.
Local mushroom picker Alexey Korol found a giant boletus mushroom in the forest near his village. The diameter of the giant mushroom cap was 36 centimeters, and the height of the stem was 28 cm. The weight of the record holder was 2 kilograms 400 grams! As the Rossiya TV channel noted, this is not some mutant alien from outer space, but an ordinary boletus, not even worm-eaten.
8 Lingzhi from China (weight 7.5 kg)
The found huge lacquered tinder fungus, or as it is called in China - lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum) - weighs 7.5 kg and its diameter is 107 cm. The find was discovered in one of the provincial Chinese cities of Hezhou. This mushroom belongs to the genus Ganoderma, which has been used in Chinese medicine for over 2000 years. It is also called the “mushroom of immortality.” Lingzhi is believed to boost immunity through active compounds called polysaccharides, which can increase the activity of white blood cells. The impressive size and weight of the tinder fungus allow it to occupy one of the rankings of the largest mushrooms in the world.
7 Raincoat from Russia (weight 12 kg)
The largest mushroom in Russia is the raincoat, found by mushroom picker Vladislav Grabosinsky in the fall of 2011 in the Perm region. The diameter of the giant's cap was 1 meter and 72 centimeters, and the height was about half a meter. The weight of the find exceeded 12 kilograms. Biologists do not consider this find to be rare. Raincoats grew in size and reached 20 kg in weight. Puffballs are eaten when they are still young. Since it was too late to eat the giant, Vladislav took him to the Department of Botany of Perm University for study. This edible miracle was included in the Guinness Book of Records.
6 Champignon from Italy (weight 14 kg)
In Italy, a kind of record was also recorded. A huge champignon, weighing approximately 14 kilograms, was found by Francesco Quito, a resident of the province of Baria. Despite the fact that the mushroom was discovered near the village, Francesco could hardly carry it on his shoulder, so he had to use a car. The mushroom turned out to be unspoiled and edible. I had to call my neighbors to eat such a giant. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle
5 Macromycete from China (weight 15 kg)
A giant macromycete weighing 15 kilograms was discovered in the Chinese province of Yunnan. The mushroom not only turned out to be huge, but also had an unusual shape. Outwardly, it resembled a hundred small mushroom caps growing on one stem! The diameter of the cap reached almost 1 meter. Scientists have not yet determined what species the eccentric fungal organism belongs to.
4 Macrocybe Titans from USA(weight 20 kg)
If we talk about traditional macromycetes in the usual sense, then the leader in size can be called Macrocybe Titans, which grows in the Caribbean countries and the USA. In one of the southern Mexican states in 2007, a specimen was found whose mass was 20 kg and height - about 70 cm. However, this find is not the only one. In 2005, in the United States, Mexican biologist and mushroom specialist Rene Andrade came across the same mushroom, which also grew on a coffee plantation, and its weight was as much as 28 kilograms. Such large sizes make this macromycete the object of close attention of the scientific community.
3 Macromycete from Canada (weight 26 kg)
Canadian macromycetes can also compete in size. Canadian resident Christian Therrien discovered a raincoat weighing 26 kilograms. A man discovered a mushroom while walking with his son in the forest. The Canadians were amazed by their discovery and admitted that they had never seen such large raincoats in their lives. They took the mushroom home and had a photo shoot with it.
2 Fomitiporia ellipsoidea from China weight 500 kg
Another mushroom, found and studied by Chinese mycologists, grew 10.85 meters in height with a cap width of 82-88 cm. Scientists believe that this outstanding representative of the mushroom kingdom has been growing for at least 20 years. The giant tinder fungus with the world's largest fruiting body was found on Hainan Island in 2010, and has now been studied and classified. The brown monster turned out to be a perennial tree fungus - a representative of the species Fomitiporia ellipsoidea. One of the authors of the discovery, Yu Cheng Dai, from the Institute of Applied Ecology (IAE) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, says that he and his colleagues first found solid specimens of the same mushroom in Fujian province back in 2008. But still, those macromycetes were not as large as the giant from Hainan. Interestingly, the authors of the study did not deliberately look for the record holder, but simply studied the diversity of tree fungi in the forests of the island. “None of us ever imagined that a mushroom could grow so huge,” says Professor Dai. “We didn’t recognize him right away in the forest because he was too big.” Biologists estimated the volume of this mushroom at 409-525 thousand cm3, and its weight at approximately 500 kilograms. Discovered by scientists, F. ellipsoidea grows underground, so it went unnoticed for a long time and was able to grow to such an impressive size.
1 Armillaria ostoyae from the USA, weight more than 600 kg
The first place in the ranking is occupied by the largest mushroom in the world, which mycologists discovered in the relict forests of the USA. It is considered the largest living creature on the planet. This giant belongs to the Armillaria family, whose representatives have been known for their size for quite some time. Most of this living organism was underground; only small mushrooms could be clearly seen on the surface. The name of these macromycetes is Armillaria ostoyae or otherwise they are called honey mushrooms. One such honey fungus fits easily in the hand and is not too noticeable. But its mycelium, which is a single organism, occupied 880 hectares of area in the Oregon National Park! Its tentacles are located underground and entangle an area equal in size to 1,665 football fields. The mycelium has been growing throughout Oregon forests for about 2,500 years, destroying the root systems of trees in its path. That is why this macromycete is considered the largest on the planet.
The largest living organism on the planet October 12th, 2015
This is a MUSHROOM, or rather, the mycelium of the dark honey fungus (Armillaria ostoyae), which develops in the Malheur Forest Reserve in the US state of Oregon. The mycelium of this living creature covers an area of more than 880 hectares, and its age is estimated at 2.4 thousand years.
The largest living organism on the planet is sometimes called the Oregon monster or honey mushroom monster, and not at all because of its gigantic size. The fact is that giant mycelium, entangling the roots of trees, causes the death of the latter. And many of the trees in the reserve have already become victims of huge mycelium. By the way, thanks to mass death trees and managed to identify the giant.
Attracted by the history of the death of trees, biologists in 1998 were able to determine that the honey fungus mycelium from Oregon is not individual clusters growing throughout the forest, but a gigantic, integral living organism.
Previously, the largest living creature in the world was considered the mycelium of the dark honey fungus, growing in Washington state. Its size was estimated at 600 hectares.
It is possible that there are larger myceliums on our planet, the existence of which is still unknown to scientists.
Here is the story of its discovery:
The find was reported in the current issue of the Canadian Journal of Forest Research. "The fact that an organism like this has grown in a forest for thousands of years really broadens our view of the forest ecosystem and how it works," said Dr. Katherine Parks, a pathologist at the US Department of Agriculture who conducted the study.
Researchers discovered this giant mushroom in the Malheur National Park, which covers an area of 590,000 hectares and consists of high mountain fields, pine forests and mountain lakes. This territory lies at an altitude of 1200-2750 meters above sea level.
A single organism is so big size has led to new understandings of the role of fungi in forest ecology. It was previously believed that mushrooms similar to honey mushrooms grew in groups within the forest, visible from the air as ring zones of dead trees.
But when researchers collected samples of mushrooms from an area of 9.65 square kilometers throughout the Oregon forest, they were tested to be the same mushroom. Scientists have estimated its age to be between 2,000 and 8,500 years old.
"This is a single organism that started growing as a microscopic spore and then spread like a plant," Parks said. “If we could remove all the soil and look at what was left, we would only see one big pile of a single mushroom with all its mycelial filaments that permeate all the soil below the surface.”
Researchers now believe that the fungus is part of a natural cycle of tree regeneration and decline within forests and that it is often present in areas with little tree damage.
Our forestry We should also think about this problem, since honey mushrooms grow throughout our entire region of Russia. Apparently, the principle of distribution of all honey mushrooms is the same, regardless of their type and habitat area. So, when we go into the forest and collect honey mushrooms, perhaps we put the fruiting bodies of the same mushroom in our basket.
But there are other options:
"Pando" is a clonal colony of aspen poplar (USA, Utah). As scientists have established, 47 thousand stems come from one once living poplar. All 47 thousand stems have a single root system and can be called a single organism whose mass is 6 thousand tons. The age of "Pando" is 80 thousand years (according to some estimates - up to a million years), which makes it one of the main candidates for the title of the longest-lived organism on the planet.
Clonal colony- this is a group of genetically identical individuals (plants, fungi, bacteria) that grew up in one place and reproduced vegetatively and not sexually. In plants, an individual of such a population is called a ramet. In mushrooms, individuals develop from a common mycelium hidden in the soil. Clonal colonies are common in many plant species. Although some of them reproduce sexually through seeds, reproduction can occur in some cases through underground stolons and rhizomes. Above ground, these plants appear to be separate individuals, so clonal colonies are not always easy to recognize.
It is assumed that most life Pando grew up in ideal conditions: Frequent fires prevented its main competitor, the conifers, from colonizing the area, and climate change from humid to semi-arid prevented the spread of seedlings and attendant competition from young poplars.
During severe fires, the organism survived thanks to the root system, throwing out new shoots on the ashes. Due to his age, Pando was born in a climate significantly different from today, and probably flourished in last time about ten thousand years ago, according to an OECD report:
Clonal groups of P. tremuloides are very common in eastern North America, but typically occupy no more than 0.1 ha, while groups as large as 80 ha have been observed in Utah (Kemperman and Barnes 1976). Some claim that seedlings have not spread in the western United States since the last glaciation, about 10,000 years ago (Einspahr and Winton 1976, McDonough 1985). In fact, some biologists believe that the western lineages may be as old as 1 million years (Barnes 1966, 1975). A single clone, nicknamed "Pando" (Latin for "I spread"), was said to occupy 43 hectares, contain over 47,000 shoots and weigh over 6 million kg, being the largest known organism (Grant et al. 1992, Mitton and Grant 1996) .
The clone covers 43 hectares (107 acres) and has approximately 47,000 stems that die and renew themselves from its roots. The trunks are connected to each other by a root system. Average age Pando's trunk (or more precisely, shoot) is 130 years old, as became clear from the tree rings.
<…>Compared to Pando, who lived according to the most common estimate of 80,000 years, according to the most accepted point of view among anthropologists, Homo sapiens migrated from Africa to Eurasia and Oceania only 40,000 years ago, and to the Americas 10,000 years ago.”
Another candidate for the title of the longest-lived and largest clonal organism on Earth is a colony of Posidonia oceanica south of the island of Ibiza in the Mediterranean Sea. Clonal colony of Posidonia oceanica, 8 km in size. in diameter can be up to 100 thousand years old.
sources
http://www.nat-geo.ru/fact/41372-gigant-iz-oregona/
http://newsland.com/news/detail/id/1101406/
http://www.wolfnight.ru/forum/forum_theme.php?theme=1654&page=1
http://www.factroom.ru/facts/1461
Something else GREAT for you: here it is, and here it is The original article is on the website InfoGlaz.rf Link to the article from which this copy was made -
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