Many of our compatriots, mostly, of course, from among the older generation, remember the wonderful film created in the late 60s about the Great Patriotic War under the speaking name "in war as in war", where a short and tragic page from life was quite reliably One of the crews of the self-propelled artillery installation SU-85. What was it for combat vehicleswhich in its ignorance many civilians are often called mostly tank, and experts are called simply and briefly "sau"?
SAU SU-152 Major Sankovsky - commander of one of the batteries of the 13th Army. His crew destroyed in the first battle during the Kursk battle of 10 enemy tanks
Yes, saau really native sister Tank, but, nevertheless, this is not a tank, SAU has no tower and such a powerful booking like a tank, and the SAU's use tactics itself is also different from the tank, according to the then combat charters, the main tasks of self-propelled was the support of the artillery fire for their troops With closed firing positions, the fight against the tanks of the enemy and the immediate fire support for the infantry on the battlefield, leading fire to the straight entrance, really happened and so that the SAU units were thrown into the battle as tanks, due to the lack or shortage of the latter.
The main advantage of SAU is her weapon, and the tools at self-propelled were much more powerful than tank guns and had a much greater shooting range, thus, being tankers under the conditions of service and some similar features of action in battle, however, parts and units of the SAU were treated in Years for artillery years, and now they are. After the war, in the Soviet army of officers for self-propelled artillery, taking into account the specifics of this weapon, prepared in a special separate artillery school in Suma in Ukraine.
At the beginning of the war, the Red Army practically did not have an armament of SAU, so, there were separate almost experienced specimens and no more, but the Germans had a full order in this case, at the beginning of the invasion of the USSR, they were already in service with the so-called assault tools Stug. Sturmheshutz, who was the main and most mass Saoo of the German army, since 1940 to 1945, the Germans made and sent 8636 of these self-propelled in the troops, most of the 75-mm guns that had in service. From German sources, it is also known that it was these sau that they had the main anti-tank agent and the main means of supporting infantry on the battlefield, the same German sources claim that almost 20 thousand Soviet tanks and SAU were destroyed with the assault data. Huge and, apparently, it is close to reality.
They had many other types of SAU and assault tools, but their number compared to the assaults was not so much much, but the production of the most perfect Novodelov type "Ferdinand Elefantov", "Jagdepant" and "Jagdtigrov" was generally small And at all came under the definition of prototypes.
German Heavy SAU "Jagdepanta" on the march in the French city of Burgteruld-Enfrville
German heavy fighter Jagdtigr tanks from the 653rd tank fighter battalion, abandoned by the Germans in Neustadt (Neustadt An der Weinstraße)
Assault weapon Stug III AUSF. F 6th Field Army of the Wehrmacht under Kharkov
All these assaults at the Germans were coated into battalions, each of which included three batteries, each had 6 such assault tools, and in total in German tank troops at the initial stage of war there were 6 Stug battalions, which were only 108 guns. They all were dispersed in the Army "North", "Center" and "South". Having a rather low envelope and having received a long-term 75 mm tool after another modernization, this assault gun is quite successful and very effectively fought against Soviet tanks, even against T-34 and square meters, carefully sinking, skillfully using the folds of terrain, German assaults, without having the opportunity to take Soviet middle tank In the forehead, as if bumblebees, Zhalili and hit him in the stern and side, thus were out of order not only T-34, but also a kV, broke up from the last caterpillar, but it was still a saau directly supporting infantry, even her BC and that 80% consisted of fragmentation shells.
Our first SAU, finally, appeared only by the beginning of 1943, is the famous SU-76M, it was intended for fire support for infantry on the battlefield and used as a light assault tool or PT-SAU. The car was so successful that almost completely replaced all the light tanks, which in the initial period of war so unsuccessfully supported our infantry on the battlefield.
Soviet self-propelled artillery Installations Su-76m in Vienna, Austria
Soviet infantry with the support of SUA Su-76 attacks German positions in the area of \u200b\u200bKönigsberg
In just over the war years, 360 Su-76 and 13292 Su-76m were released, which amounted to almost 60% of the release of all self-propelled artillery during the Great Patriotic War.
Su-76 received its combat baptism in the Kursk arc, the main weapons of this SAU was its universal divisional tool of ZIS-3.
The sub-caliber projectile of this gun on the distance in Polkilometer was able to punch the armor with a thickness of up to 91 mm, so it could affect any place of the corps of German average tanks, as well as the side of the "Tigers" and "Panther", but only from the distance at no further than 500 meters, so to hit the German tank, the crew was necessary first to choose a successful position, disguise, and after a few shots, to leave it instantly and move to the spare, otherwise it was not to survive, no wonder the fighters gave the nickname to their weapon "Death of the Enemy, Capat Payment! " So fought, the infantry fell in love with this simple car, as it is always calmer to go to the attack when the gun-tank can be crawled next to you, ready to delve a revived firepoint at any time, or even repeat the attack of tanks.
Especially great, these sau showed themselves during the assault settlementswhere there was a lot of ruins and limited drives, where there could not drive tanks and more powerful SAU because of their dimensions, and firing support for infantry, oh, as I needed and here on the revenue of the infantry, as always came omnipresent and indispensable 76.
The roofs of this miracle of the gun was not, but this is, on the contrary, it was a big plus, since there was a great overview of the battlefield from the combat cutting, and, if necessary, it was possible to leave the battered car without difficulty, so during the rain the fighters covered their su Instead of the roof with a tarp riding like a cabriolet, inside the machine gun DT, BC shells for tools, personal and personal crew equipment, dry ducks and, of course, a photo of the beloved girl of the saau driver, attached usually on the side wall near the dashboard.
At all positive qualities of this Soviet assault tool, the war is war, according to the memories of the front-line, because of its gasoline engines, when defeated by enemy shells, these SU-76 burned quickly and brightly, the main thing was to quickly jump out of SAU, if, of course, you were lucky, you stayed alive And you can run away, otherwise you will suffer from the explosion of your own BC. With the Boy in the city of Sam-76 self-su-76, it was waiting for another attack, it was necessary to constantly turn around the head for all 360 degrees, otherwise some sniffing VolkssturMovets could easily drop out of the window of the house right in the combat row one, and then immediately and several grenades, if, Of course, you don't want to shoot it in time, otherwise there is a misfortune, the BC can explode and again will need to jump out of the car, such harsh realities wars.
By the spring of 1943, the Soviet command came to the disappointing conclusion that the Red Army did not have, now there are now tanks and other anti-tank agents that are able to reliably hit the German BTT from a distance further than 500 meters, carried away by quantities, our tank builders forgot about the quality and further improvement of its BTT, and the Germans, it turns out, did not sit, folding hands, but by making right conclusions Over the past two years of war, they conducted a significant modernization of the entire BTT at that time, plus also developed new more powerful and modern types Tanks and sau. As a result, the RKKKA tank troops had to go into battle under Kursk with the fact that they had at that time in their armament, and this is mainly on T-34-76, kV, and even with a bunch of various light tanks type T-70 and T .P.
Commander-in-Chief I.V. Stalin personally examines the "Hypericum" Su-152
Soviet self-propelled artillery installations SU-152 on a firing position. West Front
Soviet heavy self-propelled-artillery installation Su-152 is put forward to a new position. 2nd Baltic Front, 1944
The interior of the SU-152 self-propelled installation. In the foreground is a massive state of a 152-mm Gaubi-20 guns with an open piston shutter. Behind it, at its workplace, the commander of the car, in front of the open landing hatch which is installed PTK-4 panorama. Kursk Arc
By the beginning of the Kursk battle in the troops managed to deliver only a few separate heavy self-propelled regiments (OSSAP) Su-152. Each such regiment was in service with 21 self-guns in 4 batteries of 5 cars plus one commander. These heavy SAUs were intended mainly to destroy field and long-term fortification facilities, combat tanks at distant distances, support for infantry and tanks in the offensive. Only these sau and were able to fight all types of German tanks on equal.
Acting in defense mainly from ambushed, SU-152 showed that there is no such enemy technique that they could not destroy. 152-mm armor-piercing shells broke average german tanks Pz. KPFW T-III and PZ KPFW T-IV, the armor of new "tigers" and "Panther" also could not oppose these projectiles. Often, behind the absence of armor-piercing shells on the tanks of the enemy was shot by fugasic or concrect. If you get into the tower, a fugance projectile broke it from a pursuit. There were moments when these towers literally flew in the air. Finally, Su-152 was the only Soviet combat vehicle, capable of successfully confronting the Terrible German SAU "Ferdinand" or, as she was also called, "Elephant." What was this monster, about which so much legends and rumors went?
So, from German sources it is known that he had an armament of an 88-mm carving tool in its arms, the composition of its BC was 50-55 armor-piercing shells weighing 10.16 kg and the initial speed of 1000 m / s, which picked up at a distance of 1000 m 165 -mm armor, and a podkalibal shell of this SAU weighing 7.5 kg and the initial speed of 1130 m / s - pierced 193-mm armor, which provided "Ferdinand" the unconditional defeat of any of the tanks that existed then, the windshield booking of the elephant itself reached 200 mm.
German Heavy SAU Ferdinand and her crew
On our happiness of such a miracle weapon under Kursk, the Germans were not many, just two divisions, in one to the beginning of the battle there were 45, and in the second - 44 "Ferdinanda", and only 89 units. Both divisions were in operational submission of the 41st tank corps and participated in heavy battles at the Northern Facs of the Kursk Arc against Rokossovsky's troops in the area of \u200b\u200bPonyry station and the village are warm, so that the stories about hundreds of fighting Faddadov-Elefants are myth and nothing more.
According to the results of the examination by representatives of the GAU and NIBT of the Red Army polygon immediately after the end of the main phase of the battle on July 15, 1943, it is known that most of the Ferdinand has exploded on minefields, and in all of them were discovered 21 units. Damaged and pitched, on five of them there were damage to the chassis, caused by the hits of the caliber of 76 mm and more. Two German SAU trunks of guns turned out to be shot by projectiles and bullets anti-tank guns. One car was destroyed by even direct hit of air bombs, and another one - a 203-mm of a gobic shell in the roof of the roof.
And only one German mind of this type got a hole in its board in the area of \u200b\u200bthe leading wheel directly from the fire of tanks, as it turned out, on him, during the fight, seven T-34 tanks and a whole battery of 76-mm guns were continuously conducted from various directions. It turns out that one elephant fought against almost the company of tanks and PTO batteries? And on the contrary, this is when one "Ferdinand", which did not have damage to the hull and the chassis, was set fire to only an ordinary bottle with an incendiary mixture, abandoned by our infantrymen, a successful throw of a penny bottle and a few million German raysmocks battle car was turned into a pile gland.
The Soviet Soviet Soviet Soviet Svu-152 "Zvethoy" was the only decent opponent of heavy German self-guns. It was the regiment of our "Zverbokov" SU-152 met on July 8, 1943 attacking "Ferdinand" of the 653rd Division, having hanged four enemy machines at the same time. Zvety's "Ferdinanda" in rapidity and booking, so, the German crew managed to produce two, and then all three shots, as the shells of the German Sau had weight from 7.5 to 16 kg, and we had all 43 kg! !! who served in tankers, he knows how it is not easy to manually charge a 115-mm or even 100mm tank gun, get a carlet from a wrench and then delete it to the executive part of the gun, and all this is in a closed, dark and limited the space Bo, and what was the charging SU-152, he needed to first put a projectile in the tray, then a charge, an ammunition at the gun of this Su was separate, and only after all these manipulations could be deleted the finished arter of the executive part of the gun, and Finding a goal, to aim and produce a shot so that, unfortunately, our self-guidelines have not always managed to answer the shot on a shot, but a forty-kilogram projectile of any type, successfully launched from Su-152, and later from ISU-152, hit everything and everyone Even a fugance with The outfit sent to the same Ferdinand, without having breaking his armor, however, it was capable of wondering it to the ground, the geek of the German SAU broke from the fasteners, and the crew lost the ability to navigate in space, only one thing remained to send this elephant to Repairs in the Reich, and the crew, or to the hospital, or in the madhouse.
Heavy assault gun "Ferdinand", onboard number "723" from the composition of the 654th division (battalion), beaten in the area of \u200b\u200bthe state farm "1st May". The caterpillar is destroyed by the caterpillar and is riveted to the gun. The car was part of the "Major's shock group" as part of the 505th heavy tank battalion of the 654th division
In total, in July - August 1943, the Germans lost 39 "Ferdinand". The last trophies got the Red Army already on the approaches to Eagle - at the railway station, several of the damaged "elephants" damaged "elephants" were captured at the railway station.
The first fights "Ferdinand" on the Kursk arc were, essentially, and the latter, where these SAU were used in mass quantities. From a tactical point of view, their use left much to be desired. Created for the extermination of Soviet medium and heavy tanks on large distances, the Germans applied them only as an advanced "armor shield", blinding Taran Engineering Brokes and Anti-Tank Defense, Large Loss, Thus, it turned out that the Germans themselves to the end so And did not understand how it is necessary to properly apply this modern, expensive and very powerful weapons of that time.
But still more powerful elephant, the most powerful anti-tank agent of the Second World War was recognized by the German fighter tanks, the so-called "Jagdtigr", it was created on the basis tank T-VI "Royal tiger". The weapon of tank fighter was 128-mm semi-automatic anti-aircraft gun, Yagdtigr could affect the opponent's tanks for almost 2,500 m. !!! The booking of the tanks fighter was very strong, so, the frontal armor of the body reached 150 mm, and the cuttings of almost 250 mm !!! Side walls of the case and cutting - 80 mm. The release of this car began in the middle of 1944, but such monsters were released a little, literally, so, in March 1945. Against our allies in the Western front, there were only more than 20 units, the murderous action of these "TiGroids" felt American tank workers when their "Shermans" the Germans were impatible with a distance almost three kilometers, a miracle military equipment May be amazed, according to experts, even some types of modern tanks.
size \u003d 1] Column of Soviet SAU on a march in Eastern Prussia. In the foreground SU-85, in the back - Su-85m (distinguishable in the details of the gun mask)
Camp of Soviet troops in a red village. In the foreground, two SAU SU-85. For them, a truck and another combat machine (tank or saau). In the background, the right of tank T-34 and trucks
In 1944, the real fighter of German tanks appeared in service with the Red Army, this is the famous Su-100, replacing a good, but already outdated Su-85.
Since November 1944, the average self-propelled-artillery shelves of the Red Army began to rearrange new SAU. Every regiment had 21 cars. At the end of 1944, they started the formation of self-propelled-artillery brigades of the Su-100 65 SAU in each. The shelves and the DRU-100 teams took part in the fighting of the final period of the Great Patriotic War.
The starry hour of this self-propelled gun came in early 1945, in the hardest battles at Lake Balaton, when the German Führer put on the map everything threw the whole color of his tank Troops. It was during the Balaton operation in March 1945. Su-100 applied to mass quantities When reflecting the last major German counteroffensive on the territory of Hungary.
SAU SU-100 Lieutenant Alferova in ambush. Lake Velenze district
Baked in Pz.KPFW VI AUSF. B "Tiger II", tactical number 331, commander of the 3rd company Rolfa von Westernhagen 501th battalion of heavy tanks acting as part of the 1st Tank Corps of the SS. SU-100 batteries under the command of Captain Vasilyeva (1952th self-propelled-artillery regiment). On board the number (93) of the Soviet trophy team. Hungary, Lake Balaton district
Our self-guaranteers acted very competently and skillfully, mostly from the ambush, as if the predatory beast on the hunt, Su-100 from shelters and ambushes made his powerful guns through almost all the German armored vehicles, which the Germans were thrown to a breakthrough to achieve success, even them Someone managed to abandon the defense of our troops, however, the offensive was exhausted and stopped, to enter a breakthrough there was no one, all the German tanks were simply knocked out, even the Novodeli type "Jagdepant" and "Jagdtigrov" did not help them, they all fell under Su-100 blows Both T-34-85, as a result, always disciplined German infantry began a self-class waste to its original positions.
Thus, over the years of World War II, only two armies in the world have in their armament really modern and efficient SAU are the Red Army and the German Wehrmacht, the rest of the state managed to solve the issues of ensuring their troops with self-propelled artillery systems only after the end of the war.
Studying all new and new details of the past Great War, I still do not cease to be surprised at how strong the enemy our fathers and grandfathers won, against which powerful and modern weapons they were then resist.
The eternal memory of fighters and commanders of the Red Army who fell in battles on the battlefields of the Second World War.
In history soviet weaponsWith which the victory over the Nazis, there were often instances who inspire the enemy a real horror. Each of the types of weapons gave an ominous nickname. Reactive system volley fire BM-13 "Katyusha" by analogy with a huge musical instrument called the "Stalin's body", the Gaubitsa B-4 for the devastating fireproof the "sledgehammer of Stalin". And for the ability to open the housings and armor of tanks, the Soviet Su-152 dave the "St. John's wort".
152-mm rage
Long before the emergence of managed shells, armor-piercing heavy-duty ammunition and all that modern tanks shoot, and the opposition of the projectile and steel marked themselves. Mathematics throughout the Second World War, wherever the battles unfolded, was simple. Whose guns and shells are better, he won. Durable headade armor of German and Soviet tanks has undergone a solid test for quality during the most massive tank battle in history - the battle on the Kursk arc.
Along with the main tanks for the extermination of the enemy armored vehicles, self-propelled artillery installations SU-152 were attracted by the standards of that time. Although anti-tank artillery. Well performed profile work, the use of SU-152 with a huge gun and ammunition of the caliber of 152-mm was remembered by the Nazis forever. However, the key to the effective use of SU-152 from the composition of self-propelled artillery regiment Not only design and ammunition, but also the actual role of SAU on the battlefield. Contrary to the problem, in the attack at the forefront, the mighty self-propelled guns were not as often as they declare about it. The main purpose of the Su-152 was the destruction of the enemy with well fortified, pre-prepared positions.
Self-propeller from the composition of the 1529th heavy self-propelled artillery regiment was used as large-caliber sniper rifle, and the German armored vehicles and other transport acts as living targets. The nickname "Zvethoy" for SU-152, though he focused long before the first combat application, but he justified for more than once. Experts and historians armored vehicles argue that the gun ML-20C caliber 152-mm made it possible to effectively strike the opponent's armored vehicles on a range of 3.8-4 thousand meters. And although the SU-152 armor-piercing shells, the declared shooting range in practice turned out to be maximized, fragmentary and fragmentation-fugasal ammunition could affect the ranks of more than 7 thousand meters.
Rubble, size with tank
Despite the design features and some flaws in mobility, SU-152 completely knocked out all existing competitors from the saddle. If you study the documentation on the Su-152, it becomes clear, under what tasks a Chelyabinsk caterpillar monster was created. Take at least ammunition. 20 shells weighing 50 kilograms each made it possible to pierce 123-mm armor from any distance to a kilometer. Everything becomes much more curious if you spend the day, another to study information about the actions of artillery and dig in the archives. Photos of German tanks with huge slopes in the case can impress many.
There is information that the German tanks "Tiger" during the battles at the Kursk direction "lost their heads" - a 50-kilogram shell disappeared the tank tank from the case. No less impressively looks like other pictures of 152-mm ammunition on other German tanks. Briched bronperpus, "rolled" huge tower projectile by hitting a huge projectile and exhausted, as if after the bite of a huge, fierce dog, slices of iron - this is what German tank workers came across after the start of the SU-152 shooting.
"Can-opener"
The heir to SAU SU-152 was deeply reworked and significantly more advanced in technical terms SAU ISU-152. The latter helped Krasnoarmeys and "rooted the rustle" wherever it was necessary. In the spring of 1945, on the approaches to Berlin, the Saah battery, armed with 152-mm implements, not only helped the infantry to move deep into the territory of the enemy, but also reflected massive counterattacks. Historians, describing one of these battles, argue that the crews of six SAU, taking positions and disguised itself, reflected the attack of 32 enemy tanks, destroying seven and seriously damaged two more.
In addition to serious problems for german armored vehicles, 152-mm artillery self-propelled articles served excellent service moving along the city streets of infantrymen. In the memoirs of witnesses of those events and documents, you can find impressions of the stripping of buildings of 152 mm OFS. If you argue almost, the machine-gun calculation, seated somewhere in the building, a huge fugas "endured" along with two floors and a staircase. A good booking, thanks to which the crew could withdraw the SAU to the distance shot by direct vendor, made it possible to almost completely eliminate the risk of damage or destroy the machine. For destructive abilities in 152 mm self-propelled artillery settings, the Germans were supplied with their own nickname. "Canning knife" or "Dosenöffner" for its short, but bright fighting fate blew enough "tigers" and "Panther", leaving a huge barrier in the memory of German industrialists and tank builders.
Awaken "Zveroboi" ISU-152
Powerful self-propelled installation ISU-152 (SU-152)
Self-propelled Installation of ISU-152 (SU-152) called
Self-propelled installation of ISU-152 (SU-152) nickname
Introduction
When I was preparing an article about my favorite suddenly, it turned out that almost everyone is only interested in ISU-152 (SU-152). Moreover, requests are not made technical but emotional - tell me necessarily a powerful self-propelled installation. And be sure to voice the legend about the fact that the soldiers called her St. John's wort, because tiger tower torn by her projectiles and Panther flew over the battlefield and eclipsed the sun. At the very beginning of the article, examples of such requests are given.
At first I was surprised, but then I realized that it was apparently the apologists of one very popular game, in which the tanks stupidly fight with tanks.
For those who are not aware of Azov tactics inform. Air combat is normal - some fly to bomb, others destroy them. Even the fighter fight against the fighter is normal - the more now in someone else (and not so aircraft as pilots), the quietly will be our bombers in the future.
But if the battle between the tanks happened, then one hundred percent is that one of the commanders of the fool does not understand tactics. Why? Read the articles - what happened to the gloomy German genius after the winter of 41 years? and T-44 The best tank of World War II.
Well, as for the lovers of one tank game, they love exclusively everything is very big and powerful, so they are looking for an exceptionally powerful self-propelled installation of SU-152 (SU-152), forgetting to indicate that it was not only self-propelled but also artillery.
This is how they look for something worthy of attention.
It's a shame that there are almost no request about the self-propelled artillery installation of the Su-76 requests, although it had a more modern layout and was released in the amount of twelve thousand against the six hundred Su-152 and a half thousand ISU-152. Well, what can you do, because it was not powerful and was not called at the tricky and bitch.
The most important thing is that many confuse these two artillery installations. And it is not surprising. Both has the same weapon - the Gaubita cannon ML-20 caliber one hundred and fifty-two millimeters. These figures are naturally included in the names of both self-propelled installations. Combat logging of both self-propeller resembles an armored box. And the box she is in Africa.
Well, we will not be about sad. Let's just see the ISU-152 self-propelled installation device (SU-152) and we will try to determine who has more chances of a tiger or a hunter.
Device of self-propelled installation ISU-152 and (SU-152)
I read articles in the top ten. Here are the authors in the head porridge. One mixed description SU-152 and modern Gaubitis Acacia, for one giving it a rotating tower and electric drive to the gun and a wedge shutter instead of piston. Another, his article in photographs, voiced the legend, which sounds like this. Self-propelled installation was created on the basis of a tank of sq. Spring forty-third year. She all defeated on the Kursk arc. And of course about the flying tower Panther and Tigers. Just below, I will explain why this is not possible in principle. Another author confused the aiming range of telescopic optical sight with a distance of a direct shot of an instrument and voiced fantastic figures exceeding three kilometers.
Unfortunately, he is not one. Now every day on TV is told, as Bandera is a direct vendor shells Donetsk, Lugansk, then on the list, from mortars. In general, for not competent, I explain - a shot of direct vendor is when the trajectory of the shell does not exceed the target height.
Mortar, by definition, can not shoot direct tip, because he has any trajectory exceeds the height of the target.
And the distance of the direct shot still depends on the height of the target. If a person at the bottom photo comes on all fours, then the distance of the direct shot will decrease with six hundred to three hundred meters. When referring to the range of direct shot for tank guns, the target height is usually taken two meters.
Let's clarify. By the summer, the forty-third year was released literally a few pieces of SU-152 on the basis of a tank of the KV and they could participate in the Kursk battle. Then the tank KV ceased to release, replacing it on the tank series - Joseph Stalin. Accordingly, the history of the SU-152 self-propelled artillery installation on it ended. By this time they were released a little more than six hundred pieces. Much later, the same tool and almost the same combat row set on a new Tank Chassis IS-2, and a legally new self-propelled installation should be called ISU-152. But these details few people know and the name of the ISU-152 did not fit. Hence the porridge in the heads of many authors.
Self-propelled installation of ISU-152 has a simple box case. The basis of the Tank IS-2 is taken. Tank had modern running part With a torsion suspension and an engine from T-34, allegedly forced.
Accordingly, all this was inherited by the self-propelled artillery Installation of ISU-152.
The layout of self-propelled was the most primitive - on the casing of the tank they simply put a fixed hatch with a gun. And the combat cutting was in front of the case. The designers before their eyes were German samples and their developments with a more rational layout. But there was no time not opportunities for the release of self-propelled installation of another layout.
Photos show that our designers had an idea of \u200b\u200brational layouts. In both cases, the fixed combat cutting is located in the rear of the housing.
The gun was chosen enough powerful to destroy field fortifications. About Tiger thought last. What is my belief based on? It was just a special anti-tank version with a powerful 122 millimeter gun, but it was not allowed into production. It can be seen at the end of the war Tigers were not very disturbed.
The anti-tank version of the self-propelled installation on the basis of the IC-2 tank. True, there were cases when instead of the Gaubitis gun ML-20 put the gun to the caliber one hundred and twenty-two millimeters, but this happened because the GM-20 trunks were not enough.
The trunk with a primitive shell bullshop and an equally primitive piston shutter took from the long-range Gaubitis ML-20
This is an outstanding gun, its barrel was used on many post-war systems.
Gun d-20 and self-propelled Gaubitsa Acacia having an ancient trunk from ML-20. The history of this trunk can be found in the article the most beautiful gun.
The shutter with anti-digit devices took most of martial branch. Heavy shell And the primitive piston shutter did not allow to make more two targeted shots per minute. The trunk could deviate for twelve degrees in both directions horizontally and for eighteen degrees at the top and five down. It limited the range of shooting six kilometers, the Gaubice ML-20 without having such restrictions on the vertical tip shot for eighteen kilometers. Amusement was only twenty shells.
Combat use of self-propelled installation ISU-152
I do not know whether self-propelled self-propelled Su-152 with tigers on a Kursk arc, there were very few of them.
In the future mainly self-propelled installations ISU-152 and Su-152 applied against field fortifications. There were cases of applying it in battles in the city. True, in the city, the infantry assault group, which tried to protect the battle car from grenaderators, always walked. The main advantage of self-propelled installation was a powerful projectile, allowing to engage half at home or make a passage in the dawn overlapping the street.
But what about the tiger towers flying through the air and closing the sun? The coordinated installation appeared on the front in the summer of forty-fourth year, when mass tank battles remained in the past and meetings with tigers were the exception than the rule. But the meetings of course were, what chances of victory were the opposing parties?
St. John's wort against tiger
First, let's go through the terminas. The real distance of fire is a distance on which the hit was meaningful and not random. For that time it was about a thousand eight hundred meters.
So at the distance of real fire, the tiger gun easily pierced sixty millimeter armor Su-152. The instrument of self-propelled installation even easily pierced hundred millimeter frontal armor Tiger. So the Tiger and St. John's wort were completely naked for each other. The main thing was to get first. And here the tiger had a huge advantage. First of sight. Tseys and now surpasses the sights of the Vologda Optic Plant, but about those times there is nothing to say. I read about the moral torment of the commander of the Hyperician who got down a few tanks from a distance of two kilometers, and then a whole kilometer was driving and thought to award him or shoot him. Low optics quality did not allow it to determine the panthers he bent or T-34.
Both instruments had a dool brake which directed the powder gases to the sides and interfered with the monumental projectile traceser. Our muzzle brake was still managed to throw the dirt from the ground on optical sight. Here I had a caliber and the power of the gun. When shooting in the city at a distance of fifty meters from the muzzle brake, all the window windows were guaranteed.
The second moment of rapidity is two shots of the Hypericum against the minimum of six sighting shots at the tiger. On close distances even worse. The ESU-152 self-propelled installation gun had a small starting speed of the projectile and, accordingly, a small range of direct shot. Many articles show the shooting range of a straight press of 3,800 meters, but it is from illiteracy. It meant in mind what kind of distance it was allowed to shoot a telescopic sight. And the shooting of direct vendor assumes that the trajectory of the shell does not exceed the height of the target. For shooting for a large range, the Panorama Hertz was used.
True, sometimes it helped. The Tiger crew tried to block the forest road and violated the main defense rule - it is impossible to occupy the defense on the border of the forest as the forest is an excellent landmark for artillery. Not only that Tiger himself was put in the pine sofa. Our crew hid a self-propeller behind a tiny hormster and shot a pine harvest without seeing the enemy tank. Due to the steep trajectory, the tiger was able to get a tiger.
Well, the last - the tiger had an instrument in a rotating tower with a wonderful electric drive, we have a gun looking strictly. Yes, and the number of shells is the ninety tiger and twenty at ISU-152.
In general, if you take a clean field, then the chances of the Zverkoy vs. Tiger were, but very small.
Why the towers from tigers could not fly over the battlefield
The damned laws of physics are to blame. If, when shooting from the tank, the tower does not fly, then when the projectile is hitting the tower should not fly. I may argue that the self-propelled installation of ISU-152 did not have a tower and the gun was very powerful.
Here is a modern self-propelled artillery installation. Moreover, for the purity of the experiment is made on the basis of the tank. The gun is two times more powerful than ISU-152 with the same caliber. The tower practically has no armor. That is, by definition, it is easier than tiger tower. And when she is shot, it does not fly away. Why should the tower fly when shell gets? If I did not convince you, then try to knock the frame of the window with a blow of a hammer on the glass. An example of course is a bit exaggerated, but he illustrates the physical meaning of the phenomenon.
But how do you ask numerous photos of torn tank towers? Just the towers are broken after the explosion of ammunition.
Summer 43rd, the German command is preparing a major offensive under Kurk. The operation has the conditional name "Citadel", the main task of the Wehrmacht - Return strategic initiative In the war against the Soviet Union. For the operation in this section of the front, the Germans focused about 50 divisions, including 18 tanks. Powerful impact groups There are almost 3 thousand tanks and assault implements. High hopes are assigned to the newest heavy tanks "Tiger" and "Panther". It was assumed that powerful armor These machines will not be able to Soviet tools, but a unpleasant surprise awaited ahead.
The secular command is urgently moves heavy self-propelled artillery installations under Kursk. Their formidable guns from a distance of 1.5 kilometers can break through the armor with a thickness of 120 mm. Not a single tank of Wehrmacht could not resist their crushing strength. Against the "Tigers" and "Panther" in the Kursk Dug, the Soviet "Zvethoy" was self-propelled artillery installation Su-152.
In December 41, exhausting the enemy in the battle near Moscow, soviet troops Switched to counteroffensive. As a result, the enemy was discarded from the walls of the capital by almost 250 km. After so successful offensive Rate Supreme Commander It began to develop plans of another large-scale offensive. The leadership of the Red Army understood that our troops would face powerful defensive fortifications The enemy and for their successful breakthrough required a combat, capable of effectively fighting these engineering structures without reducing the pace of the offensive.
Such qualities had to have a heavy self-propelled artillerywhich in the Soviet Union was not at that time. The situation was to urgently correct. January 4, 1943 State Committee. Defense set the task to develop and make prototype Heavy self-propelled. General management entrusted the chief designer Josefu Cotin. Work on the creation of a heavy SAU was carried out at the Chelyabinsk Kirovsky factory, which at the time produced heavy tanks of square meters. As a basis new self-propelled They took the database of heavy tank kV-1C. The most rational was the gun-20 ml ml-20 caliber of 152 mm.
"The most efficient weapon when establishing various artillery Systemswho possessed powerful destructive power and the effective shooting range, the most optimal in dimensions, this cannon ML-20 was destructive power. "
The prototype was performed in record short time, in just 20 days. On February 14, 1943, self-propelled installation was adopted by the Red Army under the designation of the Su-152.
Heavy self-propelled installation Su-152. Combat mass - 45.5t; The crew is 5 people; Weapons - Gaubice-gun caliber 152 mm; Diesel power - 600 hp; Maximum speed - 43 km / h.
SU-152 self-propelled shirt was very formidable weapons. Fully armored, she first of all solved the tasks for the destruction of firing infantheas, anti-tank guns, long-term firepoints and highly fortified defensive bands of the enemy. The Gaubitian cannon allowed to conduct aiming fire, both direct vending and hinged trajectory, driving on the upcoming troops, closed areas and obstacles. A concrete projectile weighing over 50 kg confidently punched the reinforced concrete wall with a thickness of up to 1 meter, and this is from the distance of one and a half kilometers.
"Also heavy self-propelled artillery installations due to the powerful caliber destroyed the nominating reserves of the enemy, they were also involved to suppress the enemy artillery and sometimes used during the artillery training at the occurrence."
However, it was not immediately destroyed to destroy the long-term firepoints of the enemy. They received combat baptism in battles on a Kursk arc in July 43. Here they were decided to use as a powerful anti-tank agent. The fact is that by the summer of the 43rd year neither the tank kV-1, nor T-34 could have been effectively confronted with the new German tanks "Tiger" and "Panther". The gun of 76 mm caliber, which stood on our tanks, could be pierced by the side armor "Tiger" only from a distance of 200 meters.
And the same "tiger" with a gun of 88 mm caliber confidently punched our tanks from a distance of 1.5 km. That is why SU-152 self-propelled shirt at that time, as it is impossible to come better to combat german beast. From the same distance - 1.5 km - the armor-piercing projectile of our self-propeller confidently punched the frontal armor "Tiger". And if at a larger range, it was not even possible to break through the tank armor, the strike of the projectile weighing almost 50 kg was so powerful that the nodes and mechanisms of any armored vehicles were guaranteed.
For successes in the fight against the German heavy tanks "Tiger" and "Panther" soviet soldiers Respectively nicknamed this powerful heavy self-propelled installation "St. John's wort". Su-152 continued to be actively used in hostilities and after the battle under Kursk. They were used as assault tools, and as formidable tank fighters. Starting from the second half of the 43rd year, Zvethoy has already participated in the battles on all fronts: from Leningrad to Crimea. The SU-152 had disadvantages: insufficient ventilation of the combat department often led to increased gaspace, also from tank KV-1C self-propeller inherited and transmissions imperfection.
"In particular, onboard frictions, they did not fully allow the engine to realize the power. And the car, let's say it is not easy to manageable. "
The SU-152 fate was closely connected with the fate of the SV-1C tank, on the basis of which it was produced. As soon as the release of tanks stopped, they stopped building these self-propelled. In December 43, SU-152 serial production was completely discontinued. In total, during the years of the Great Patriotic War, 670 such self-propelled plants were issued.
But on this, the story of the "Zverkoy" did not end. By the time the Soviet industry has established the release of new heavy tanks, these were the Tanks of Isa - Joseph Stalin. On their base and it was decided to build new heavy self-propelled installations. So in the troops appeared an improved "St. Jeriches" of the ISU-152. Self-propeller did not differ in principle innovations. Due to the smaller height of the IS tank housing, it was necessary to slightly increase the height of armor sheets of the wagon of the combat vehicle. The angles of inclination of armor sheets decreased, and the thickness is the opposite - increased.
"The combat branch ventilation was improved at the expense of an additional fan, with intense shooting, combat calculation also felt more comfortably, and, and, in principle, this is, of course, a new base. And this new base made it possible to establish, the planetary mechanisms of rotation were already installed instead of onboard friction groups, so the management of severe self-propelled artillery installation was much easier. "
The combat missions of the new "Zverkoy" remained the same. Self-propelled was used, first of all, to destroy strongly fortified defensive bands of the enemy. They were also regularly used as tank fighters. Especially good, heavy self-propelled shifts have proven themselves in street fighting, where their warm fire knocked out of the trenches and urban fortifications of the opposite enemy. A good self-propelled booking made it possible to extend to the remote shot of direct vending to destroy enemy firepoints. For the usual towed artillery, it was mortally dangerous due to the enemy machine-gun and sighting sniper fire. Considerable part of success in the storming of many European cities belongs to self-propeller, who fought on the legendary "hormour". Self-propelled artillery installations took part in the final operation on the capture of Berlin, decently completing his glorious combat path.
The most massive and famous weapon, with which our grandparents won
Prepared Kirill Zheleznov
BM-13 volleam fire system
For the first time, Katyusha volley was produced on July 14, 1941 under the station Orsha (Belarus). New weapons of the Soviet Union mixed with Earth and burned the personnel and technique of the enemy. The fascists were shocked, and the command set the task: by all means to seize the "Stalinist authority". So BM-13 was called due to the remote similarity of rocket guides with pipes of this musical instrument.
Capture our "Katyusha" could not very for a long time. The fact is that each calculation gave an oath: in case of danger, destroy the secret combat machine. For this, each of them was equipped with 30 kilograms of explosives, and exploding Katyusha, and fighters died.
Slop "Katyusha" lasted only 5-10 seconds, covered the square in several dozen hectares. After that, the car was moved to another place, and German aviation and artillery "Ironing" abandoned them with their territory. Later, the similar systems appeared in the fascists, but they were much weaker and lost in long-distance. The Germans were not possible to solve the special composition of the powder, which was used in Katyusha.
Opinion enemy
"The fiery flumeing of shells burned Orsha's railway station, all echelons with a personnel and military equipment of the arrived military units. Metal melted, Earth burned. "
Writing in the diary of the head of the German general headquarters of Halder.
Nickname: "Katyusha" (Soviet), "Stalin's Organ", "Black Death" (German)
Number of guides: 16
Maximum range Shooting: 8470 M.
Caliber projectile: 132 mm
Time volley: 5-10 seconds
Tank T-34
One of the most recognizable victory symbols. "Thirtyweight", as this tank nicknamed, was the best combat vehicle before the beginning of 1943. On the battlefield before the appearance in fascist army He was not equal to the newest "tigers". And often this car solved the outcome of the battle in favor of our army.
By the way, attempts to compare the German "Tiger" and our "thirtyweight" (they say, "Tiger" is better) cannot show anything except the dementia of the authors of such materials. These are different in the class of tanks. And if we compare, then the fascist "tiger" must withstand our heavy tank, for example, is-2. By the way, with the latest "tigers" was generally prohibited to join open duels, and was offered to attack an ambush. And also, "Tigers" well burned our self-propelled artillery installations - SAU-122 and SAU-152, nicknamed for such military talents "Zverbags".
In 1944, the T-34 was modernized to combat the newest German cars - "tigers" and "panthers". Instead of a 76 mm gun installed an armor with a caliber of 85 mm, but against the frontal armor of new German tanks it was still not enough. Tank S. new gun Received an additional index T34-85 and fought in the ranks of the Red Army until the end of the war. Participated in the famous Kursk battle - the largest tank Battle in world history. "Tishoshi" maneuvered, avoided the fire of the enemy and tried to enter heavy cars aboard or stern.
In addition to excellent combat qualities, the T-34 was easy to manufacture, which made it the most massive soviet tank Great Patriotic.
Opinion enemy
"It was a very fast, elegant car. He was so good that in 1942 the leadership of Germany wanted to simply copy it, but most German designers and industrialists were against such a decision. - tells the tanker of Wehrmacht Alfred Rubble. - Yes, and the heavily industry of Germany has not worried about light times. And, for example, creating an aluminum diesel engine for a tank was simply impossible. "
Nickname: "Thirtyweice"
Battle mass: 25.6-32 tons
Armament: two machine guns (7.62), gun 76 mm, later - 85 mm
Engine power: 500 l. from.
Maximum speed
: 54 km / h
Released: 84 700
Cost: In May 1941 - 249 thousand 257 rubles. Machine GAZ-M1 then cost 6 thousand 590 rubles.
By 1944, due to the modernization of production and the decline in wages, the cost of a tank for the customer - the Soviet state - decreased to 140 thousand 997 rubles
Automatic PPS
Pistol-machine Schapagina was adopted shortly before the start of the war - December 21, 1940. "Dad", as his Soviet soldiers called, changed unreliable, and most importantly, dear in the production of PPD, and became the most massive small arms Our soldiers. According to the characteristics, we compare with the German MR-41, thereby "Schmayser" (not to be confused with MR-40), and even exceeds it.
By the way, the German arrows willingly rearmed, using trophy PPS: the fact is that the standard and most common German guns-40 guns have a number of shortcomings. For example, the trunk during shooting fed a palm. So the fascist shooters wore gloves not "for a style", but by acute necessity. Those who did not have gloves held the weapons for the automotive horn.
Nickname: "Dad"
Caliber: 7,62
Cheating: 1000 (thousand) shots per minute
Aiming distance: 200-300 meters
Released: more than 6 million
Gun a-19
Used for the deep shelling of the enemy's positions, well-fortified firepoints and communications. However, when the battle for Moscow, these guns were held at the attacks by enemy armored vehicles: they beat the straight entrance, the tanks and self-propelled shields were broadcast.
A-19 delivered opponents not only from the rear. Our engineers managed to establish an upgraded gun on tanks and self-propelled artistors. This tool received a heavy tank "IS-2" (the abbreviation is decrypted as Joseph Stalin), and ISU-122. Combat machinesEquipped with a powerful cannon, without work "flashed" heavy German tanks.
Payment: 9 people
Speed \u200b\u200bspeed: 3-4 per minute
Range: Up to 20 km (by a fragoration-fugasal shell).
Together with the Gaubice ML-20, this gun was the basis of the long-range artillery of the Soviet Union.
Opinion enemy
We have failed to find the preserved references to A-19. Nevertheless, the attitude towards it is the fact that the Germans have established the release of shells for trophy A-19.
Fighter "Yak-9t"
Design Bureau Yakovlev created the best fighters in the Union. At the first "Yak", the hero of the Soviet Union Amet Khan Sultan, and Yak-9 became the most popular Soviet fighter.
Its modifications (in particular Yak-9t), armed with a machine gun and a 37-millimeter gun, were able to withstand German fighters "Messerschmitt" and "Fokke-Wulf", which were rightfully considered the best in the world.
Before the appearance of Yak-9t german fighters They walked into our frontal attack, and the Soviet pilots, on the contrary, sought to go to the enemy "in the tail" - so far german guns 20 mm each did not turn the plane into a burning meteorite. But the modernized version of "Yaka" made the fascists change the tactics: the rapid gun in 37 mm turned out to be crushing and broadcasting the "Messiers" and Fokke-Wolf.
Our superiority is our "air ordinary" proved in air battles over Kursk Doug.where weavened the sky from fascist aviation.
Nickname: "Air Private"
Top Mass: 3025 kg
Maximum speed: 597 km / h
Armament: gun 37 mm, 6.7 mm machine gun
Released: 14 500
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