14 Air Army of Volkhov Front

Major O. Martynov

Military-space activities are considered by the American military-political leadership as one of the most important components of ensuring national security. According to his views, the domination of space is a prerequisite for the implementation of the National military strategyThe purpose of which is to achieve full and comprehensive military superiority, allowing the United States to control any situation and win in any military operations. Based on this, over the past five years, the financing of cosmic programs of the Ministry of Defense increased by 1.5 times. In 2008, 11.6 billion dollars were allocated for their implementation, and about 80 percent. Assignments fall on air force.

The forces and means of the US Air Force, intended for control and use of outer space in the interests of military operations, are reduced to the 14th air army (VA, Headquarters on Aviabaz (ABB) Vendenberg, California), which is organizational and agencies in the US Air Force ( ABB Peterson, Colorado).

On the commander of 14 WA, it is liable for equipment, logistical support, organization and preparation of subordinate formations for solving them of the following main tasks:
- control of outer space, participation in offensive and defensive actions in the framework of confrontation in space;
- warning about a missile attack using satellites and ground RLS;
- ensuring the functioning of orbital and terrestrial technical means of military assumption to solve problems of navigation, communications, exploration, opening of missile attack and meteorological support;
- removal of spacecraft in orbit from the starting sites of the Eastern and Western rocket polygons, as well as the test of space, air and rocket systems.

Operational management forces and means 14 VA carries out the command of space operations (KCO, ABB Vendenberg, California) of the United Strategic Command (OSK) of the US Armed Forces and the Scroll of KKO, the Joint Space Operations Center (OTSUKO), which is also deployed at Vendenberg Air Base. The Otsuko is deployed on the basis of the 614th Center of Space Operations (CCP) of the Air Force, which is organizationally part of 14 VA. The command of space operations is headed by the commander of the 14th air army.

The number of personnel of the formations of 14 VA is about 7,200 servicemen and 6,600 civil servants. In addition, to ensure the functioning of its bases and objects deployed both in the United States and abroad, are involved
Wolnonamed civil specialists (11,200 people). 14 VA also includes five space wings (21, 30, 45, 50 and 460s).

The 614th CCP carries out the management of Air Force Operations in the interests of the USC and other United States Sun Commands. It may also be planned, organizing and coordinating the actions of the formations of the cosmic appointment of other types of Sun. The center includes four departments: strategies, combat planning, combat operations, exploration and observation.

Strategy department Develops the intention, directives and instructions of the commander of 14 VA (which at the same time he heads the command of OSK space operations), which are the basis for the preparation of an order for conducting space transactions.

War planning department Space operations planning and develops an order for their conduct.

Department of Combat Operations Manages cosmic operations.

Department of Intelligence and Observation Exercising reconnaissance support of space operations, continuous analysis of their conduct, collecting data on space forces foreign countries and provides protection space Systems (COP) USA.

21st Space Wing (Headquarters at Peterson, Colorado), using terrestrial radar stations, warning about a missile attack and control of space space, providing its DSC data and the United American-Canadian Command of the Aerical Defense of the North American continent (Norad).

The wing includes six groups.

The 21st operational group detects and observing ballistic missiles with the help of six main radar stations: two - systems " Payive Pos"(PAVE PAWS - PAVE PHASED-ARRAY WARNING SYSTEM), three - BEMIUS systems (BMWS - Ballistic Missile Early Warning System) and one -" Park "(Perimeter Acquisition Radar Attack Characterization System).

Radar system "Payive Pos" Deployed in the city of Otis (Massachusetts) and at BIL (California), the Bim Servis RLS system are posted on the US Air Force AVB Tula (about. Greenland), UK Air Bases Falingdales-Moore and Clear (Alaska). Parks system represented by one radar station (Grand Forks, North Dakota).

RLS "Payive Poz" and "Bimmius" is upgraded to solve problems in the deployable US system.

These systems are used to prevent missile attack and control of outer space in the interests of detecting, accompaniment, recognition and accounting of space objects.

The global network of radar and optoelectronic stations (posts) is used as specialized means of controlling outer space. For 2009, the launch of the first of four new satellites intended for controlling the outer space is "SBSS" (SBSS - SPACE BASED SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM). The last of them will be launched in orbit until 2015.

21st MTO Group responsible for repair and maintenance technical Systems 21st Space Wing.
The 21st group of security carries out the rear and engineering, protection of objects, etc.
The 21st group of medical support performs the appropriate functions.
The 721th collateral group is responsible for the connection and protection of objects.
The 821st airbase group carries out operational delivery of personnel in emergency situations.

30th Space Wing (Avb Vandenberg, California)
Rocket and Space Systems of the US Department of Defense. In addition, this formation performs the launches of viewing spacecraft of species intelligence and geophysical support, as well as spacecraft of radio electronic exploration and navigation support. Starting complexes ensure the launch of carrier missiles of all classes (lung, medium and heavy). In addition, the tasks of this wing include conducting training launches of ICBM "Minitmen" and target missiles in the direction of the Polgonon about Kwajalein (Marshall O-VA). Indicates the operation of technical structures of the Western Rocket Polygon (SP), maintenance of starting complexes, conducts tests

Western rocket polygon - This is the second value of the US cosmodrome. Located 250 km from Los Angeles (California), on the Pacific Coast, it has 11 starting complexes with 20 starting positions.

The main thing structural unit The wing is the 30th operational group to which the management of the polygon is entrusted, the general manual for the launch of ka in orbit and starts ballistic missilesproviding communication and meteorological support. In addition, the group includes a helicopter squadron, intended for rescue, fire-fighting and other operations.

This wing includes three more groups:
The group of launches, which provides directly preparation and conducting launches and MBR starts.
The 30th group of collateral (comprehensive material and rear maintenance of the landfill, delivery and maintenance of various equipment, the supply of rocket fuel, as well as the execution of tasks for the protection of the landfill).
The 30th group of medical support.

45th Space Wing (Patrick Air Base, Florida) Provides the functioning of the eastern rocket landfill.

On the territory of this landfill is the main cosmodrome of the United States. Since its commissioning, 48 starting complexes are built here, including four mobiles. Starting complexes occupy a strip of 18 km long along the coastline m. Canaveral.

The main tasks of the 45th wing are the operation of polygon technical structures, maintenance of start-up complexes, preparation and implementation of the ministry of defense and other federal structures, as well as ensuring launches and landings spacecraft Type "Shuttle". In addition, the wing ensures the conduct of training launches of ballistic missiles of the Trident submarines.

The wing includes four groups:
The 45th operational group solves problems similar to the tasks of the 30th operational group of the 30th Space Wing. In addition, it coordinates the activities of civilian and military structures of the landfill.
The 45th group of launches consists of three squadrons - two directly responsible for pre-assembled training and launch of carrier missiles and one - for their provision.
The 45th collateral group is responsible for the comprehensive provision of the landfill. It is engaged in delivery and maintenance of various equipment, the supply of rocket fuel, and also performs tasks for the protection of the landfill.
The 45th group of medical support decides the tasks assigned to it.

50th Space Wing (Shriver Air Base, Colorado)provides the operation of the US Air Force Command and Measuring Complex, preparation, launch and orbital pre-operational testing of a variety of destinations. The wing provides managing more than 50 ISS of the Ministry of Defense and monitors more than 170 satellites of other ministries and departments of the United States, as well as other states.

The organizationally, the composition of the wing includes three groups: the 50th operational, 50th collateral and the 50th network management.

The tasks of the 50th operational group include the management of space systems of the US Department of Defense, including Navigation Navstar (30 USS), communication - DSCS, Milstar (nine and five PRES, respectively) and others.
The 50th collateral group carries out comprehensive provision of parts and wing units.
The 50th network management group ensures the operation of a command and measurement complex.

460th Space Wing (Buckley Air Base, Colorado) It is intended to warn about a rocket attack using space detection. These funds include the ISS of the "HAVE" type, the deployment of which in the near-empty space is made under the DSP program (Defence Support Programme Satellites). They are placed on geostationary orbits with a height of 36 thousand km above the equator, equipped with optoelectronic infrared chambers and are able to serve the BR starts and transmit data about them to the reception and data processing point. Since 1970, 23 satellites have been launched on the DSP program, the last - in November 2007. To replace them, the ISS of the SBIRS system has been developed. The composition of the wing includes:
- 460th operational group, which carries out the management of the grouping of spacecraft of the system "HAVE";
- 460th group of support;
- 460th medical support squadron.

So the 14th air Army It is a key component of the strategic defensive forces of the United States. Considering the outer space as a possible theater of hostilities, US military-political leadership pays great attention to ensuring the continuous functioning of existing space systems and the deployment of new ones. At the same time, the capabilities of the on-board equipment of spacecraft are expanding, the efficiency of transmitting information from satellites to processing centers and end users increases, the time of the active existence of spacecraft is increasing, the equipment for solving two or more tasks is placed, carrier missiles and terrestrial controls are improved. , promising devices are being developed, allowing to solve offensive and defensive tasks.

RRS system "Bimmius" (ABB Falingdales-Moore, United Kingdom)	RLS System "Payive Pos" (Otis, USA)
Infrastructure Objects on ABB Schriver (50th Space Wing)	Infrastructure Objects on ABB Buckley (460th Space Wing)

Overseas military Review. - 2008. - №10. - P. 347-52

14th Air Army (USA)

14th Air Army (14th Air Force) - Association of Space Command US Air Force . Army management is deployed at the air base Vendenberg, California . Designed to perform tasks for controlling and using outer space in the interests of military operations.

History

Formed on March 10, 1943 on the basis aviation Operational Group in China (China Air Task Force) . Army headquarters were located in Kunming , China . In the course of World War II, participated in hostilities against Japanese troops in China , Indochite , Burma . According to official data US Air Force The army aircraft destroyed 2315 Japanese aircraft, 1125 locomotives and 712 railway cars, destroyed 356 bridges.

After World War II, the management of the army was replied to the airbag Orlando, Florida And it was subordinate to the continental aviation command (Continental Air Command). Here 14 Air Army performed the challenges of the anti-air defense of the southeastern states of the United States (Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, Texas, Oklahoma and New Mexico, as well as Puerto Rico), subsequently they were also entrusted with the tasks of equipping and combat training of aviation units.

During Korean War (1950-1953) The 14th Air Army participated in the mobilization of divisions national Guard and reserve, as well as individual reservists. At this time, the management of the army was deployed at Robins Air Base, Georgia. After Korean WarThe reserve aviation wings of the 14th air army participated in the aviation transport of troops and cargo.

In 1960, the 14th air army was disbanded, but was again formed in 1966 as part of the AIR Defence Command. The management of the army was deployed at the Günther Air Base, Alabama. The army provided anti-heart defense in the southern sector Norad. . Subsequently, she was assigned tasks for training and testing in the interests of the command of air space defense (Aerospace Defense Command).

In 1968, the Office of the 14th Army was redeployed by the airbase Colorado Springs , Colorado and renamed the Office of the 14th Space Army (14th Aerospace Force). It was assigned tasks for the detection of launches of foreign missiles, tracking missiles and satellites in space space, ensuring the launch of spacecraft, maintaining the database of satellites and other artificial space objects. In addition, she carried out equipment, training, management and acquisition of the system of controlling space space, cosmic defense and warnings about a rocket attack.

In 1976, the Office of the 14th Space Army was renamed the Office of the 14th Air Force Air Force Airship (14th Air Force (Reserve)) and replicated to Dobbins Air Base, Georgia. He was entrusted with the tasks of managing military transport aviation units.

On July 1, 1993, the 14th air army was reconnected by the US Air Force Space Command and again assigned tasks for conducting space operations. Air Base has become the new location of the deployment of the 14th air army Vendenberg, California . In 1997, as part of the 14th air army, the center of space operations was formed, intended for the round-the-clock manual of the Space Operations of the Air Force. Since 2002, the Space Component of the Joint Strategic Command USA USA United States Strategic Command). In 2005, an updated cosmic operation center was commissioned.

Tasks

The 14th Air Army performs the following tasks:

• management of cosmic forces in order to support global and regional operations
• space Space Control Using various systems, such as radar stations with a phased antenna grid and optical systems Observations, offensive and defensive anti-optical operations.
• warning about a rocket attack using satellites and radar stations;
• managing more than 100 satellites various destination (meteorological, communications, navigation, warnings about missile attack) and operation global Network Centers and stations control of military and civilian satellites.
• running and excretion of spacecraft from Western and Eastern missile polygons, testing space, air and rocket systems.

Number

In 2008, the number of the 14th air army was 7,600 servicemen, 6,600 civil servants and 11200 civilian civilian specialists.

Organization (as of 2008)

The 14th air army consists of five wings and the center of space operations, including 155 units that deployed 44 points worldwide.

Center of Space Operations deployed by air Base Vandenberg. , California. The number of it is 155 military personnel and civil servants. It carries out round-the-clock management of all cosmic forces.

21st Space Wing (21st Space Wing) (headquarters of Peterson, Colorado) performs the tasks of warning about missile attack and control of the outer space using ground radar stations, providing information to the North American Command of Air Space Defense ( Norad.)in Colorado Springs , Colorado and United States Sun Strategic Command (USStratcom) at Offwtt Air Base, Nebraska. The wing is detected and tracking for more than 9,000 artificial objects in outer space. The wing includes 26 units that deployed 21 points in the United States and abroad, including the Department of Management Norad. in mount Chain , airbase Tula. In Greenland, Cavaler bases in North Dakota and Clear (Clear) in Alaska. The number of the personnel of the wing is 6,000 military personnel and civil servants.

30th Space Wing (30th Space Wing) (Headquarters - vdenberg Air Base , California) performs tasks for the launch and conclusion into the orbit of cosmic devices of military, civil and commercial purposes on polar orbits using carrier missiles "Atlas" and "Titanium" . In addition, the wing provides testing and training launches. intercontinental ballistic missiles Exercises the operation of the Western Rocket Termination equipment.

45th Space Wing (45th Space Wing) (Headquarters Patrick, Florida Air Base) performs tasks for the launch of spacecraft with cosmodrome at Cape Canaveral and exploitation of the eastern rocket landfill. In addition, provides training launches of ballistic missiles with Plarb US Navy . The total number of personnel, taking into account the busy personnel, is 11,000 people. Wing divisions are deployed at Patrick Air Base, Cape Canaveral, Island Antigua in the Caribbean and ascension Island In the Atlantic Ocean.

50th Space Wing (50th Space Wing) (Schriver Air Base, Colorado) fulfills the tasks of managing the satellites of the US Department of Defense and NATO, monitors civilian and commercial US satellites. To this end, the AFSCN satellite control system (Air Force Satellite Control Network) is valid, consisting of a satellite control center at the Schryer Air Base and Eight Control Stations located in Cayena Point (Hawaii), on air Base Vandenberg. (California), island Diego Garcia in Indian Ocean, air Base Tula. (Greenland), island GUAM. in Pacific Ocean, Schriver Air Base (Colorado), Okhanger Air Base (United Kingdom) and New Boston Air Base (New Hampshire). Wing carries out satellites global Navstar Positioning System , military satellite communication systems DSCS, NATO / SKYNET, Milstar . The total number of personnel is 3200 people.

460th Space Wing (460th Space Wing) (Buckley Air Base, Colorado) performs the tasks of a warning about a missile attack using spacecraft. To this end, satellites with infrared cameras of the DSP and SBIRS series are operated. The total number of personnel is 1,700 people.

Links

• http://www.vandenberg.af.mil/units/14Thairforce.asp (eng.)
• http://www.globalsecurity.org/space/agency/14af.htm (eng.)

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

The 14th air army was formed in June 1942 on the basis of the VVShov Front Air Force as part of 4 Aircuters (278th, 279th Fighter, 280th bomber and 281th assault).

In January 1943, the army supported the front troops in the breakthrough of Leningrad's blockade. Performing 4565 places of flights, the flying of the army caused big Damage Live strength and technique of the enemy.

In January-February 1944, the army participated in the defeat of the German fascist troops near Leningrad and Novgorod and the full removal of the blockade of Leningrad. During this period, 3640 flight planes were produced.

At the end of February 1944, the management of the army was displayed in the reserve of VGK rates. In April 14w, in the new composition, 3-MA Baltic Front was transferred. The army took an active part in the Pskov-Ostrovsky operation, during which 4858 places of flights made 4858 and caused the enemy a big damage alive and technique. Successfully acted compounds and parts of the army in battles for the liberation of Soviet Baltic. In the Tartu Operation (August-September 1944), its pilots committed more than 7 thousand sumoles-departures, in Riga (September-October 1944) over 9 thousand places of flights.

At the end of November 1944, the management of the army was displayed in the rates reserve, and the compounds and parts were transferred to other VA.

Over the years of the Great Patriotic War 14wile pilots made over 80 thousand places of flights. 8255 people were awarded orders and medals, 32 pilots were awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.

The army commanded Major General Aviation, from 30.4.1943 Lieutenant General Aviation