Werner von Brown - Father American Cosmonautics (4 photos). Dark side of Vierner Background Brown

Genius and evils.
Werner von Brown is one of the founders of modern rocket launchers, the creator of the first ballistic missiles, a member of the NSDAP since 1937 and the Shturmbannfür MOP. After World War II - key person american Cosmonautics. The physicist and the rocket engineer, the chief designer of the Saturn-5 missile, which in 1967 brought the Apollo 11 spacecraft to the orbit, which took the crew to the moon.

1. Family.
Baron ( Freiherr.) Werner Magnus Maximilian von Brown ( Wernher Magnus Maximilian Von Braun) Born on March 23, 1912 in the town of Virzitz ( Wirsitz., now Wyrzysk,Poland) in Prussia. Father Magnus von Brown held the post of Minister of Food and Agriculture in the Government of the Weimar Republic, Mother, Emmy von Kvistorp, was from the Prussian royal family. At the age of 13, for confirmation, it was Mom who presented the future telescope to the future rocket student.
2. You remember how it all started.
The first experience in the rocketism was not very successful - 12-year-old Werner, inspired by the speed records on cars with Max Rocket Engines, Valier and Fritz's Opel, blew up a toy car, which attached many Petard, on a crowded street. The little inventor was first taken into custody, he was taken to the police and kept there until his father had come to him in the site.

In 1930, Werner enters Berlin technical Universitywhich joins the group "Society of space travel" (VEREIN FÜR RAUMSHIFFAHRT - "VFR"), participates in the test engine tests on liquid fuel, later studying in the Swiss Higher Technical School Zurich. His thesis dated April 16, 1934 is called "Constructive, theoretical and experimental approaches to the problem of creating a rocket on liquid fuel" and becomes secret at the request of the Wehrmacht. At the end of 1934, the Group under his leadership successfully launches two rockets that reach a height of 2.2 and 3.5 kilometers. From 1937 to 1945, Von Brown works on the Rocket base of Petermünde on the Baltic Sea, where he participates in the creation of the so-called "Raising Weapon".
3. Weapon Retribution.

Fau-2, ( V-2 - VergeeltungSwaffe-2, Retribution Weapons, Other Title: A-4 - Aggregat-4) - Single-stage ballistic rocket on liquid fuel. It started vertically, an autonomous gyroscopic control system equipped with a speed-based mechanism and instruments to measure the trajectory took place. The maximum flight speed is up to 6120 km / h, the flight range reached 320 km, the height of the trajectory is 100 km. Combat part accommodated up to 800 kg of ammotola. average cost - 119 600 Reichsmarock.

One of the most revolutionary technological solutions applied to FAu-2 was the automatic guidance system, which did not require constant adjustment from the ground, the target coordinates were introduced into the onboard analog calculator before starting. The gyroscopes installed on the rocket controlled its spatial position during the entire flight and any deviation from the specified trajectory was straightened by steering on the side stabilizers.

4. Combat efficiency.
Weapon of retaliation, to which Hitler mentioned so, and which should have been horrified by residents of London and Antwerp, was actually useless. The rocket was seriously lacking, and the level of the then technologies could not provide acceptable accuracy, half of the launched rockets had reached the target, and she worked on the principle of "to whom God will send."

In the UK, 2724 people died from missile strikes, that is, each rocket, it is an expensive miracle of German engineering, killed one or two people. However, for the civilian population, the horror of these missiles was different: their approximation could not warn sirens of an air alarm, Fow-2 was struck suddenly and were a factor in demoralization.

In fact, Fau-2 caused another terrible damage - those who collected it became its main victims. Captured worked at the round-clock worked by the underground factory "Mittelverk", many prisoners who owned the necessary technical skills, for example, welders were reduced from other camps. The conditions for the existence of prisoners were terrifying: people were kept without sunlight, in antisanitarian, they were starving and laid off.

There were cases of killing prisoners for trying to sabotage work: according to eyewitness testimonies who defended themselves demonstratively hung on the taps of assembly lines and the Sturmbannfür von Brown witnessed these executions.
5. Career in SS.

Werner von Brown himself was least like a naive spacecraft that braves money for the Nazis for the sake of a bright dream of space. He was not only a member of the Nazi party, he made a career in Waffen SS from Untershurmführera to Surbannfürera (corresponds to the army titles of Lieutenant and Major), he knew perfectly that the concentration cams were working at the plant for the manufacture of his missiles.

He regularly communicated with the highest Nazi command, and did not have a big mind to understand what mode it works. It was the von Brown that convinced Hitler to focus on the manufacture of the Fau-2 missile and the fact that in a military sense this rocket turned out to be ineffective, does not relieve its creator from responsibility - after FAU-2, the development of a new, more powerful missile has begun in Penelund , designed to defeat large objects, but finish the project simply did not have time.

6. Operations "Clip".
In the spring of 1945, Von Brown and his staff decided to surrender to the Americans. In June 1945, the movement of the Chief and his staff in America was approved at the US Secretary of State, but before October 1, 1945 there was nothing to know about this. The intelligence services "washed" against Brown from Nazism, he was among the scientists for which the United Agency for US intelligence purposes ( Joint Intelligence Objectives Agency, Jioa) Created fictitious biographies and deleted references to military ranks, Membership in NSDAP and links with the Nazi regime from open records.

As a result, Von Brown, personally responsible for the shelling of London, Antwerp, Paris and the death of prisoners, instead of a trial as a war criminal, were instructed to lead the American Space Program.
7. Start of the cosmic race.
America got a von Brown, the Soviet Union - the Mittelverk Assembly Plant and a few who survived Fau, the truth without drawings and calculations. Like the Americans, the Russian rackets disassemble the trophy to the screw and completely copied. It turned out not just, in the country for rocket meal I had to create a modern technical base - for example, more than 40 different rubber varieties were used in the Fau design, while the USSR industry produced only eight.

The first Soviet ballistic missile P-1 was a modified modification of the FAu-2, but the subsequent P-2 and P-5 became a technological breakthrough, and the recycled R-7, a two-stage intercontinental ballistic missile, became the carrier of the first artificial satellites of the Earth.
And here is Brown background? The fundamental principles underlying rocket technology have not undergone significant changes for these 70 years. The design of all rocket engines remains the same, most of them work on liquid fuel, and in the onboard control systems, gyroscopes are still used - all these decisions were first implemented on its development. We still continue to live in the Fau-2 era.
8. Career in the USA.
After several moves von Brown and the remaining part of his team from Peimyunda settled in Fort Bliss, Texas, on a large base american army north of El Paso. The work was moved slowly, any proposal concerning new ideas about rockets was rejected: Americans considered every cent. Since 1956, Brown has headed the program for the development of the intercontinental ballistic missile "Redstone" and cosmic missiles based on it - "Jupiter-C", "Junon" and the Satellite "Explorer".

The impetus to acceleration of work and their financing was launched Soviet Union The first artificial satellite, only after that brown received permission to launch "Juno" - the satellite fell into space late for one year. It was the variant of the Raisters "Redstone" was used in 1961 to launch into space of the first American astronaut Alan Shepard.

9. Awards did not bypassed an outstanding scientist.

And it would be nice all the rewards at once looked together, and even on black uniform?
10. Apolitical genius.

When it became clear that America could be a whole city of one and only bomb,
A certain scientist, contacting his father, said: "Now science has learned a sin."
And you know what he said? He said: "What is sin?"

Kurt Vonnegut, "Cat cradle"

Of course, Werner von Brown personifies the type of scientist who is completely deprived of any like by morality. Everything that he did was successful: you can bomb London or launch people to the moon - the final result is important. After the war, he never expressed repentance about his participation in the crimes of the Nazis - even the showing and formal. Nevertheless, on the US Space Research Space Research website, he is given such a characteristic: "Without a doubt, Werner von Brown was the greatest in the history of scientists in the field of rocket physics."

Sources:
V2rocket.com, Wernher Von Braun:http://www.v2rocket.com/start/chapters/vonbraun.html.
"Fow-2: Hitler Rocket, which posted the beginning of a space era":http://www.bbc.co.uk/russian/science/2014/09/140915_vert_fut_nazis_space_age_rocket.
FAU-1: Bombs of the Third Reich against Britain:http://www.bbc.co.uk/russian/UK/2014/06/140609_v1_flying_bombs
Original:

The then German Empire (now - the Library in Poland). He was the second of three sons in the family belonging to the aristocratic genus, and inherited the title "Frajerr" (corresponds to Baron). His father, Magnus von Brown (1878-1972), was the Minister of Food and Agriculture in the Government of the Weimar Republic. At his mother, Emmy von Kvistorp (1886-1959), both line ancestors royal families. Werner had a younger brother who was also called Magnus von Brown. For confirmation, the mother presented a telescope to the future rocket student, which gave him an impetus to the passion of astronomy.

After World War I, Wirzitz was transferred to Poland, and his family, like many other German families, left for Germany. Brown's background Deli in Berlin, where 12-year-old Werner, inspired by Max Valle's speed records and fric ocel background, implemented on cars with rocket engines, caused a large confusion on a crowded street, blowing up the toy car to which the many Petard attached. The little inventor was taken to the police and kept there until his father had come to him in the site.

Von Brown was a musician amateur, received an appropriate education, could play the works of Bach and Beethoven by memory. He is with early age He learned to play a violin and piano and initially dreamed of becoming a composer. He took lessons from Paul Hindemita, the famous German composer. Several youthful writings von Brown have been preserved, and they all resemble the works of Hindemet.

In 1930 he began working on rockets on liquid fuel in Germany. In 1932, Dornberger was adopted in the Military Rocket Scientific Science group. In 1932-1933, at the landfill near Kummersdorf, there was a launch of several missiles to a height of 2000-2500 meters.

Werner von Brown worked on his dissertation, when Hitler and NSDAP came to power in 1933. RocketAducation almost immediately became an important issue of the agenda. Captain Artillery Walter Dornberger, who actually supervised the development of missiles in the Reichsvere, organized the provision of Brown from the department of artillery armament of a grant for research. Since that time, Brown worked next to the existing Quammersdorf Experimental Polygon Dornberger for solid fuel missiles. He was awarded the degree of doctor of physical sciences (rocket building) on \u200b\u200bJuly 25, 1934 from the University of Berlin for the work entitled "On the Signing Experiences", his curator was the German physicist Erich Schuman. But it was only an open part of his work, a full dissertation, dated April 16, 1934, was called "constructive, theoretical and experimental approaches to the problem of creating a rocket on liquid fuel." She was classified at the request of the army and was not published until 1960. By the end of 1934, his group successfully launched two rockets that reached a height of 2.2 and 3.5 km.

At that time, the Germans were extremely interested in the development of the American Robert Goddard Racket. Until 1939, German scientists epizodically contacted Goddard directly to discuss technical issues. Werner von Brown used Goddard schemes published in different magazines, and united them during the construction of a series of Aggregat missiles (a). The A-4 rocket is more known as Fow-2. In 1963, Brown, reflecting on the history of missiles, so responded about the work of Goddard: "His rockets ... For today, the standards could seem very primitive, but they left a noticeable trace in development and already had many elements that are used in the most modern rockets and spacecraft "

Participants of the "Clip" operation on the evacuation of German scientists and designers from the defeated Third Reich in the United States. Werner von Brown 7th on the right in the 1st row.

In 1944, shortly before the Nazis began to bombard England with the help of FAu-2, Goddard confirmed that von Brown took advantage of his works. The prototype of FAu-2 flew into Sweden and crashed there. Some parts from the rocket were transferred to the United States, to the laboratory in Annapolis, where Goddard conducted studies for the Navy of the States. Apparently, Goddard studied the fragments of the rocket, which on June 13, 1944, as a result of the personnel's technical error, went to the wrong course and crashed near the Swedish town of Beckebu. The Government of Sweden exchanged a wreckage of an unknown missile of the British on the fighters of Spitfire. Only some part of the debris got into Annapolis. Godarddard identified those details of the rocket, the inventor of which he was, and concluded that the fruit of his works turned into a weapon.

From the moment when Space Travel Society VFR has stopped its work in 1933, there are no rocket associations in Germany, and the new Nazi regime forbidden civil experiences on rocket meal. The rockets were allowed to build only the military, and for their needs was built a huge missile center (it. HeeresVersuchsanstalt Peenemünde.) In the village of Penelund in the north of Germany, in the Baltic Sea. This place was chosen in part on the recommendation of the mother's background Brown, remembered that her father loved in those places to hunt ducks. Dornberger became the Military Head of the Polygon, and Brown - Technical Director. In collaboration with Luftwaffe, the Center in Penemünde developed rocket engines on liquid fuel, as well as reactive bootable accelerators for aircraft. Also, there was also a ballistic missile for the far radius A-4 and a supersonic anti-aircraft missile "Wasserfal".

"I officially demanded from me to join the National Socialist Party. At that time (1937) I was already the technical director of the Military Rocket Center in Peimende ... My refusal to join the party would mean that I should refuse the matter of my life. Therefore, I decided to join. My membership in the party did not mean participation in any political activity... In the spring of 1940, the SS Muller's SS Müller arrived to me in Peimayund and told me that Reichsführer SS Henry Himmler sent him with the order to convince me to join the SS. I immediately called my military boss ... Major General V. Dornbergeru. He answered me that ... if I wish to continue our joint work, I do not have another choice, except to agree. "

Brown's approval is disputed by some biographers, because in 1940 Waffen-CC has not yet shown any interest in the work carried out in Peimenund. The statement is also challenged that people with the stature of Brown pushed to join NSDAP and SS. Commenting on your photo, where he poses in the SS uniform behind Himmler, Brown said that she was put on the form only for that case. However, in 2002, the former SS officer in Penelund Ernst Kütbach told the BBC that von Brown regularly appeared on official events in SSEs form. Initially, the von Brown graduated from Chin Untersturmfürera, afterwards Himmler three times increased him to the rank, in last time In June 1943, the SS Shurmbannfürera. Brown stated that it was an automatic increase, the notification of which he received every year by mail.

By that time, the British and Soviet intelligence services were aware of the missile program and team of developers in Penemünde. On the night of August 17-18, 1943, English bombarding aircraft conducted a hydra operation. 596 aircraft took a course on Peimnyund and dropped 1800 tons of bombs on a missile center. Nevertheless, the center itself survived, and the main group of developers. But during the raid, the engine designer Walter Til (Walter Thiel) and Chief Engineer Walter (Walther) were killed, which delayed the German rocket program.

The first combat A-4, in order to propaganda renamed V-2 (VergeeltungSwaffe 2 - "Weapon of Retribution 2"), was released on the UK on September 7, 1944, just 21 months after the project was officially adopted.

At the same time, the experiments of the Helmut Walter with rockets on hydrogen peroxide led to the creation of lungs and simple jet walter engines, comfortable and for installation on the aircraft. Helmut Walter in Kiel ReichSministry Aviation also instructed to create a rocket engine for He 112. And two different rocket engines passed in Neyhardenberg: two different rocket engine: the engine brown background on ethyl alcohol and liquid oxygen and the walter engine on hydrogen peroxide and calcium peroxide as a catalyst. In the brown engine, the reactive jet was created as a result of the direct burning of fuel, and a chemical reaction was used in the Walter engine at which the split steam occurs. Both engines created traction and ensured high speed. Subsequent flights on HE 112 occurred on the Walter engine. It was more reliable, easier to manage and represented a smaller danger both for a pilot and for the aircraft.

On August 15, 1944, Brown wrote a letter to Albin Sawatzki, who led the production of V-2, in which he agreed to personally take away employees from Buchenwald's concentration camp, which, as he allegedly acknowledged 25 years later, were in a "terrible state."

In the book "Werner von Brown: Knight of Cosmos" (eng. Wernher Von Braun: Crusader for Space) Brown repeatedly claims that he was aware of the conditions of workers, but he felt absolutely unable to change them. His friend leads words von Brown on a visit to the Mittelver:

It was terribly. My first motive was to talk to one of the CS guards, for which I heard a sharp answer, which I should do my work or I risen to be in the same striped prison robe! ... I realized that any attempt to refer to the principles of humanity would be completely useless.

When Participant of Brown's team Conrad Dunnenberg in an interview with "The Huntsville Times" was asked if Brown could protest against the terrible conditions for the content of subane workers, he replied: "If he had done it, then I think it could be shifted in place."

Others accused Von Brown in the fact that he participated in inhuman treatment or permission to such a relationship. Gi Moran (Guy Morand), a French member of the resistance, a prisoner in the concentration camp of the Dora, in 1995 he witnessed that after an obvious attempt to sabotage:

Do not even hear my explanations, (Brown von) ordered Maister (Meister) to give me 25 strokes ... Then, deciding that the blows were not strong enough, he ordered me to be more cruel ... von Brown ordered to translate me that I deserve the worst In fact, I deserved to hang me out ... I believe that his cruelty, the victim of which I personally became an eloquent testimony of his Nazi fanaticism.

Biddle, Wayne. Dark Side Of The Moon (W.W. Norton, 2009) PP. 124-125.

Another French prisoner Robert Kazabon (Robert Cazabonne) argued that he was a witness as a von Brown stood and watched, as prisoners hung on the circuits of the lifts. Brown himself stated that he "never saw any ill-treatment or murders" and only "rumors came out ... that some of the prisoners were hanged in underground galleries."

According to the French historian, Andre Selre, who passed through the concentration camp, Mittelbau, Himmler in February 1944 adopted Brown's background in his headquarters Gokwald in East Prussia. To strengthen its position in the hierarchy of the Nazi government, Heinrich Gimmler gave a plot that with the help of Cammler to take control over all German weapons programs, including the development of FAu-2 in Penelund. Therefore, Himmler advised Brown to cooperate more closely with Cammaker in solving FAU-2 problems. However, according to Brown's von himself, he replied that problems with FAU-2 purely technical and he was confident that he would solve them with the help of Dornberger.

Apparently, the von Brown background from October 1943 consisted under the supervision of the SD. One day, a report was received on how he and his colleagues Claus Ridel and Helmut Grettuproup in the evening at the engineer expressed regret that they do not work on the space ship and they all believe that the war is not going well. This was regarded as "affected moods". About these statements reported a young dentist who was simultaneously the SS agent. Together with the false accusations of the Himmler about the sympathy of Brown Communists and the alleged attempts to sabotage the FAu-2 program, and taking into account that Brown had a pilot diploma and flew regularly on the aircraft provided by the state and, thus, could escape in England - all this It was the cause of arrest background Brown Gestapo.

Not waiting for nothing bad Brown was arrested on 14 or 15 March 1944 and was thrown into the Gestapo prison in Shttttin. There he spent two weeks, not knowing what he was accused. Only with the help of Abver in Berlin Dornberger managed to achieve conditional liberation von Brown, and Albert Speer, Reichs Minister of Arms and Military Industry, convinced Hitler to restore Brown as the FAu-2 program to continue. Steeper, quoting in his memoirs "FührerProtokoll" (minutes of Hitler's meetings) dated May 13, 1944, writes that Hitler said in conclusion: "With regard to B., I guarantee you that he will be released from persecution until It will be needed, despite the general difficulties that may follow. "

Von Brown, after passing the Allies in May 1945. Left - Dornberger.

In March, being on a business trip, Brown broke left And shoulder due to the fact that his driver fell asleep behind the wheel. The fracture turned out to be complicated, but Brown insisted, so that he was put on the gypsum bandage and he could no longer stay in the hospital. The designer underestimated the injury, the bone began to fight incorrectly, a month later he had to go to the hospital again, where he broke his hand again and put the bandage again.

In April, the allied troops penetrated deep enough to Germany. Cammler ordered a scientific team to take the train and go to Oberammergau in the Bavarian Alps. Here they were under a thorough protection of the SS, which was ordered to eliminate all rackets in the threat of their entry to the enemy. However, Brown Background managed to convince Major SS Kummer dispersed the group on the closest villages so as not to become a light target for American bomber.

May 2, 1945, noting the American soldier of 44 infantry Division, Verner's brother and part-time his colleague engineer Magnus caught up with a bike and told him on broken English: "My name is Magnus von Brown. My brother invented Fow-2. We want to surrender. " After the captivity, Brown said the press:

"We know that we have created a new means of warfare and now a moral choice - which nation, what the victorious people we want to entrust our brainchild - we are sharper than ever before. We want the world to not be involved in the conflict, similar to that through which Germany just passed. We believe that only by passing such a weapon to those people who instruct the Bible into the path, we can be sure that the world is protected the best way».

In physics (1934)

Werner Magnus Maximilian Frajerr von Brown (it. Wernher Magnus Maximilian Freiherr Von Braun; March 23, Wirzitz, Province of Posen, Prussia - June 16, Alexandria, Virginia, USA) - German, and from the late 1940s - American constructor of rocket and space technology, one of the founders of modern rocket launchers, the creator of the first ballistic missiles, a member of the NSDAP Since 1937, the Shturmbannfürer SS. In the US, he is considered the "father" of the American Space Program.

Encyclopedic YouTube.

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Subtitles

Biography

Werner von Brown was born in the city of Virzitz in the province of the Province of the then German Empire (now - the Library in Poland). He was the second of three sons in the family belonging to the aristocratic genus, and inherited the title "Frajerr" (corresponds to Baron). His father, Magnus von Brown (1878-1972), was the Minister of Food and Agriculture in the Government of the Weimar Republic. His mother, Emmy von Kvistorp (1886-1959), both line ancestors were appreciated to royal families. Werner had a younger brother who was also called Magnus von Brown. For confirmation, the mother presented a telescope to the future rocket student, which gave him an impetus to the passion of astronomy.

Von Brown was a musician amateur, received an appropriate education, could play the works of Bach and Beethoven by memory. He since an early age learned to play the violin and piano and initially dreamed of becoming a composer. He took lessons from Paul Hindemita, the famous German composer. Several youthful writings von Brown have been preserved, and they all resemble the works of Hindemet.

Work on Fow-2 in Nazi Germany

From the moment when Space Travel Society VFR stopped its work in 1933, there were no rocket associations in Germany, and the new Nazi regime banned civilian experiences. The rockets were allowed to build only the military, and for their needs was built a huge missile center (it. HeeresVersuchsanstalt Peenemünde.) In the village of Penelund in the north of Germany, in the Baltic Sea. This place was chosen in part on the recommendation of the mother's background Brown, remembered that her father loved in those places to hunt ducks. Dornberger became the Military Head of the Polygon, and Brown - Technical Director. In collaboration with Luftwaffe, the Center in Penemünde developed rocket engines on liquid fuel, as well as reactive bootable accelerators for aircraft. Also, there was also a ballistic missile for the far radius A-4 and a supersonic anti-aircraft missile "Wasserfal".

After the war, explaining why he became a member of NSDAP, Brown wrote:

"I officially demanded from me to join the National Socialist Party. At that time (1937) I was already the technical director of the Military Rocket Center in Peimende ... My refusal to join the party would mean that I should refuse the matter of my life. Therefore, I decided to join. My membership in the party did not mean for me to participate in any political activity ... In the spring of 1940, the SS Muller SOC came to me in Petermayunde and told me that Reichsführer SS Henry Himmler sent him with the order to convince me to join the SS. I immediately called my military boss ... Major General V. Dornbergeru. He answered me that ... if I wish to continue our collaboration, then I do not have another choice, except to agree. "

Brown's approval is disputed by some biographers, because in 1940 Waffen-CC has not yet shown any interest in the work carried out in Peimenund. The statement is also challenged that people with the stature of Brown pushed to join NSDAP and SS. Commenting on your photo, where he poses in the SS uniform behind Himmler, Brown said that she was put on the form only for that case. However, in 2002, the former SS officer in Penelund Ernst Kütbach told the BBC that von Brown regularly appeared on official events in SSEs form. Initially, von Brown received Chin Untersturmfürera, subsequently, Himmler raised him three times in rank, for the last time in June 1943 to the SS Shurmbannfürera. Brown stated that it was an automatic increase, the notification of which he received every year by mail.

Using slave labor

It was terribly. My first motive was to talk to one of the CS guards, for which I heard a sharp answer, which I should do my work or I risen to be in the same striped prison robe! ... I realized that any attempt to refer to the principles of humanity would be completely useless.

P. 44 English edition

Do not even hear my explanations, (Brown von) ordered Maister (Meister) to give me 25 strokes ... Then, deciding that the blows were not strong enough, he ordered me to be more cruel ... von Brown ordered to translate me that I deserve the worst In fact, I deserved to hang me out ... I believe that his cruelty, the victim of which I personally became an eloquent testimony of his Nazi fanaticism.

Biddle, Wayne. Dark Side Of The Moon (W.W. Norton, 2009) PP. 124-125.

Arrest and exemption at the Nazi

Capture to the Americans

In March, being on a business trip, Brown broke his left hand and shoulder due to the fact that his driver fell asleep behind the wheel. The fracture turned out to be complicated, but Brown insisted, so that he was put on the gypsum bandage and he could no longer stay in the hospital. The designer underestimated the injury, the bone began to fight incorrectly, a month later he had to go to the hospital again, where he broke his hand again and put the bandage on a new one.

On May 2, 1945, noting the American soldier from the 44 infantry division, Brother Werner and part-time his colleague engineer Magnus caught up with his bike and told him on broken English: "My name is Magnus von Brown. My brother invented Fow-2. We want to surrender. " After the captivity, Brown said the press:

"We know that we have created a new means of warfare and now a moral choice - which nation, what the victorious people we want to entrust our brainchild - we are sharper than ever before. We want the world to not be involved in the conflict, similar to that through which Germany just passed. We believe that only by passing such a weapon to those people who instruct the Bible path, we can be sure that the world is protected in the best way. "

The highest ranks of the US command knew well, how valuable mining came across them in hand: the surname von Brown headed the "black list" - the code name of the list of German scientists and engineers from among those whom American military experts would like to interrogate as soon as possible. July 19, 1945, two days before the planned transmission of the territory in the Soviet occupation zone, the Major of the American army Robert B. Stewer, the chef of the reactive movement of the research and intelligence service of the Artillery Corps of the US Army in London and Lieutenant Colonel R. L. Williams were planted von Brown and Heads of his departments in the jeep and delivered from Garmishe to Munich. Then the group was transported by air to Nordhausen, and the next day - by 60 km south-west, in the town of Witzenhausen, who was in the American occupation zone. Bronown von Brown briefly delayed in the dustbin interrogation center (English Dustbin, "garbage box"), where representatives of the elite of the Third Reich in the field of economics, science and technology interrogated English and American intelligence services. Initially, it was recruited to work in the United States under the program "Eurence" operation (Eng. Operation Overcast), later the "Clip" operating operation later became known called.

Career in the USA

US Army

Post-war

Despite the attention that the US authorities have been given after the launch of the USSR of the first artificial satellite of the Earth in 1957 by space flights, the first man in space in 1961 was not an American again in Space. Yuri Gagarin's flight caused John Kennedy software speech in which he stated that it was necessary for the prestige of the nation to ensure the landing of the American astronaut on the moon until 1970. Werner von Brown became the head of the US Lunar Program.

change dated 21.05.2010

Half a century ago, having come to myself after shock from the launch of the Soviet satellite, just three months later, the United States, finally, "entered the game" on the coast of Florida and successfully launched their satellite into the orbit, surrounding his Explorer-I.

Unknown to anyone, apart from a handful of civil engineers and military personnel of the US Army, directly involved in the night launch, this moment could be truly "determining history." The launch team, through Explorer-I, by a happy chance, immediately made the most important and fateful discovery in the entire fifty-year history of the "Space Development" for all nations ever daring to leave the Earth:

The secret of gravity and inertia, known as the effect of antigravity, somehow worked on Explorer-I and radically changing the satellite orbit itself!

A constructive discovery that could rewrite not only the history of science, but also the fate of the whole world.

However, this did not happen.

For the monumental, the historical breakthrough immediately followed the hasty decision, adopted, apparently the same night, - save the phenomenal opening of antigravity in full Not only from their civilian scientists, "free press", citizens and taxpayers, but also from all mankind of land, which was the most far-reaching political movement of the United States over the past half a century.

The following is the story of the painstaking long-term study of the Enterprise Mission (given in the context of our bestseller Dark Mission: the Secret History of NASA), the scientific and political analysis of the "fateful opening of NASA" and the global consequences arising from the decision, toye At night, "someone" standing in power.

Just ... "His bury it."

On the following pages, we will describe in detail and document it in detail, "Who exactly made this delightful breakthrough," how "him reached and" what "could be amazing consequences, if that night science allowed to go natural way. If in subsequent years, this unique discovery was freely presented and loosely discussed in the global scientific community, and then introduced in the form of a revolutionary Earth technology "Controlling gravity". But the most important thing is: we will consider in detail how this undermining existing paradigm of a breakthrough can reproduce any student in any school physical laboratory, everywhere on Earth!

And that he could mean for all mankind.

Explorer-I was launched on January 31, 1958 at 22 hours 48 minutes east, from site 26a at Cape Canaveral.

Jupiter Rocket - C (C Means "Composite", "multistage"), which successfully launched Florida's first satellite into Heaven, in fact, was a converted Rameton Rocket ICBM - a rocket created to replace "V-2" (FA -2, A-4) Werner von Brown and a team of rocket student from Nazi Germany, transported to the United States as a result of a clip operation immediately after the end of World War II.

The Jupiter-C Rackager is the main stage of a rocket working on liquid fuel and consisting of two separate containers for liquid oxygen and hydrazine "Hydyne", 14 m high and weight (at full load) 28.440 kg.

Over the "main step" there were 15 separate, much smaller solid fuel missiles, organized in three additional "steps" (total weight of 626 kg), consisting of 11, 3 and, finally, 1-oh above, located at an altitude of 22 m above the ground and weighing 14 kg. Explorer-I itself had a bullet shape and literally fastened to the last "solid" stage under the satellite.

The most famous, unknown contribution of Explorer-I to space science was the opening of the famous radiation belts Wang Allen, named after Physics at the University of Iowa James Van Allen, who first found high-energy "bagels" of charged particles rotating around the Earth as a result of the capture of the "dipole" magnetic field Planets. He found a belt using Explorer-I side detectors, subsequently, their existence was confirmed by Explorer III and IV.

For this is a fundamental cosmic discovery that, as discovered later, is the basic characteristic of all planets inside (and outside) solar system demonstrating similar magnetic fieldsVan Allen was awarded the equivalent of the Nobel Prize in Physics.

But much more significant (literally "undermining physics", as you will see later) turned out to be anomalous speakers of orbits, demonstrated by the same satellite and on the very first orbit of that night.

It seems that immediately after the launch, the real trajectory Explorer-I unequivocally broke the two main laws of the physics of the 20th century.

And it did not receive any scientific recognition, prizes or discussions ... Even 50 years after an absolutely unexpected discovery.

So, "who" committed this wonderful discovery and then (as a certificate proves) actively participated in his subsequent (intentional) decades and continuing still concealment?

No one else like the Verner von Brown ...

In order to fully understand the unusual technical and political significance of the fact that "mysteriously" occurred by the January night of 1958, it should be returned to the events associated with the "desperate attempt to launch a satellite background Brown and his German team" ("Doggy of the USSR desperate effort Space Race), and compare what expected from running Explorer-I, with what happened in fact.

Due to the extremely primitive state of the "global network tracking network", which is required to track them in orbit, the number of stations operating on the EXPLORER-I launch night in 1958 was "small and they were at a great distance from each other." The unemployed part of the Mercator's projection map is a latitude of equator coverage, dictated by the planned inclination of the first US satellites, Avangard and Explorer, intended for orbits between "40 o to the north and south". How can you see most of existing ground stations It was concentrated along the strip passing unevenly to the north and south in both America, strongly conducive to one side and leaving the other side of the "dark". (Dispersion of stations visible in other parts of the world, such as one in Central Australia, which did not possess adequate equipment to detect Explorer-I radio frequencies and built to support the avant-garde program).

Explorer-I was launched by Brown and his team with an orbital slope 33.3 o.

Therefore, when that night the spacecraft, rising from the Cape Canaveral, disappeared above the horizon of the South Atlantic, at Brown Background it was not possible Tracking his movement, learn from "telemetry", was successfully satellite with Jupiter-C orbit or not.

It remained only to wait patiently until Explorer-I, moving at a speed of 28.962 km / h (or 8 km / s), almost completely flies away the whole world and will not return back to the strip of special radio receivers installed in the deserts of the north of San Diego, California.

If the receiver accepted Explorer-I telemetry signals when he first flew over Safety ocean After she flew off the entire planet, on the phone "highlighted" would be the word. Phones for long-range communication were installed on Cape Canaveral, where the launch command nervously expected a signal, and in the Pentagon, where Brown himself was located, Wang Allen and the Director of the Laboratory of Jet Movement (LRD) William Pickering, who were watching how "the clock was counted seconds. "

If the word "goes" came from the valley of the earthquakes, three scientists would begin a press conference at the National Academy of Sciences, where they would declare about the triumph of the Pending World: "We did it!"

Only after the "waiting and biting of the nails", after the many hours of duty and the archaic method of communication, when the word "success" would finally be highlighted (according to the only telephone line drawn from California to Washington), the rest of the world would know that this night Explorer -I successfully entered orbit!

Signal from California about the carefully planned trajectory Explorer-I around the Earth - 224 by 1575 km - expected at about 0 hours 30 minutes east on February 1, 1958.

Cape Canaveral, Florida, Run: 22 hours 48 minutes East time, Explorer-I, launch at the estimated orbit, the valley of earthquakes, California, the following station, the first telemetry, expected from California, 0 hours 30 minutes east time

After an hour and a half after the launch of the satellite, the expected "window of the moment of truth" came and went away, and - nothing.

0 hours 31 minutes ... 0 hours 32 minutes ... and nothing.

Due to the nature of the orbits of satellites as "hourly mechanisms", when at 0 hours of 33 minutes the signal was still not, the entire team of Brown (General John Medaris, chapter of the agency Ballistic missileswho started Explorer-I that night), and William Picering, director of the Californian Institute of Technology, which, under a contract with the army, designed a satellite, it became clear that they would never hear the desperate expected signal, because "something" did not go at all So!

By 0 hours 41 minutes, it seemed, everything became clear.

Instead of entering orbit and fly away the land, as planned, Explorer-I somehow returned to the atmosphere above the horizon and at this point it was simply burned on the back of the globe.

He was not going to "fly around the earth and over the valley of earthquakes," because no longer existed!

Picture of Brown, made when he and everyone else in the Pentagon desperately expected the signal, any word, shows what he was obviously afraid.

Later von Brown wrote about his emotions during the "infinite expectation" in the article entitled "History, standing for Explorer", which appeared in Des Moines Sunday Register April 13, 1958:
"... The bird should have appeared in California about 0 hours of 30 minutes east. To track the signal, we had four stations, and Bill (Picering) had a phone for long distances.
On the clock 0 hours 30 minutes. There is no signal.
Passed a minute. One more. There is still no signal from the satellite. Eight minutes have expired, and we still did not hear anything.
We were desperate. Obviously, we were mistaken. Explorer never went into orbit. "
On the clock 0 hours 42 minutes ...
Here it is!

First telemetry from California, Cape Canaveral, Florida, launch 22 hours 48 minutes east, 0 hours 42 minutes East time! Explorer-I, launch at the estimated orbit, the valley of earthquakes, California, the following station

In the next 30 seconds, all four stations in the earthquake valley "loudly and clearly" were heard the transmitted signals Explorer-I.

The United States finally was in orbit!

Just explorer-I a bit "late."

But why?

George Ludwig, the chief assistant Wang Allen and the battery designer and radio monitoring equipment on board Explorer-I, so described its first automatic reaction:
"We all immediately understood that the rocket created a large thrust than expected, as a result of the orbit, the satellite was higher than the planned, and it took him a longer period of treatment. It was expected that the orbit would have in perigue (the lowest height above the Earth) about 224 km and in suitogee (the largest height) of 1575 km. In fact, Periigee and Apogee were 360 \u200b\u200bkm and, more significantly, 2534 km, respectively, with an orbital period of 114.7 minutes instead of 105 minutes, as expected. "

After the "delayed" Explorer-i reached the earthquake valley, von Brown, Van Allen and Pickering left the Pentagon and went to the National Academy of Sciences at the press conference planned at 2 o'clock.

In the confusion of well-deserved congratulations, the real reason for the delay of the appearance of Explorer-I over the valley of earthquakes was lost: its orbit is higher than planned.

In addition, any serious question from those at the very night of scientists or the press regarding how it was generally achieved with only a relatively primitive missile of Jupiter-with Brown Background ..., would be at least inappropriate.

Wang Allen (below), when he wrote about his emotional state to the unforgettable night, also barely touched the "problems".

"... the combustion of all four steps (after launch) was tracked by stations of tracking, and was considered nominal. The combustion rate of the fourth stage turned out to be slightly slightly planned, and there was a significant uncertainty in the final direction of movement. Thus, the achievement of the planned orbit could not be confidently predicted on the basis of available data. Telemetry transmitter worked properly, and the estimated speed corresponded to expectations. Before confirming success, it was necessary to obtain a telemetry signal about overcoming one round of the orbit.
Almost an hour after receiving the next signal about the passage of one of the stations, a discouraging lack of information was observed. Clock tikali. And we drank coffee to weaken collective nervousness. After about 90s minutes, all the conversations stopped, and the atmosphere of bitter disappointment was hung in the room. Then, almost two hours after launch, the telephone message confirmed the reception of the radio signal by two professional stations in the earthquake valley in California. The room was literally exploded with a flavor, all clapped each other on his back with mutual congratulations. "

Wang Allen, who was not "a specialist in the field of rocket education (as a physicist, he specialized in the design of the acoustic instrument for missiles, and not in the field of starting), you can forgive the underestimation of the deeper consequences created by the inexplicable, above the planned orbit Explorer-I . He could simply allow George Ludwig and others) that "a higher orbit" turned out to be a by-product "a little greater efficiency" of a multi-stage carrier missile Jupiter - with a brown background, probably solid fuel missiles created by LRs that have made important latter Three steps.

How we described in detail in the book Dark MissionIn the chapter dedicated to the remarkable story of one of the founders of LRD Jack Parson and its first solid fuel missiles, at that time "solid fuel" was predictable a little more than "alchemy" or "magic". Its behavior depended on the many mysterious chemical and physical variables, accurate fuel and oxidant proportions, the physical size of the granules in the resulting mixture, the packing density of the granules into the rocket casing and even on the temperature of the rocket fuel. Any of these parameters could affect the final product, which would result in a well-known "combustion time" for all solid fuel missiles of the time.

As a result of more than 20 years of work (from the 1930s before the 1950s), acting, mainly by the method of trial and error, Parson found an optimal mixture of fuel / oxidizing agent and the loading process, which eliminated almost all variables of solid fuel missiles ... .

Under these well-known reasons, all non-professional scientists (and the press) suggested that one of the "ordinary variables" of the Upper Speet Jupiter is responsible for the additional action of the rocket.

What "suggested everything" is obvious because no one else sat down and did not even fulfill the most basic "missile computing" as the "superffectiveness" of Jupiter-Son Brown could lead to a change in the EXplorer orbit -I!

After 50 years, we fulfilled these calculations and came to some impressive and provoking thinking.

Let's skip the calculations and return to normal language.

The key parameter is the value represented by ISP, the specific impetus for the rocket (expressed in "seconds").

The specific impulse is something similar to the consumption of "liters of gasoline to a kilometer" in the car. The higher the specific impulse (ISP) of this rocket system (plus fuel engines), the higher the overall efficiency of the rocket system in terms of the flow of gasoline liters per kilometer.

And the higher the final speed you can achieve when this quantity Fuel.

And higher end speeds are poured into higher orbits!

Therefore, the higher ISP rates are good, and lower - "less good".

Determination, could the upper steps to achieve the levels of work required to raise Explorer-I to a higher than expected, orbit, we started with the consideration of openly published parameters of solid fuel missiles used in the construction of the steps of the multi-stage rocket background Brown.

One main hint contains in Van Allen's report:
"... The final speed of combustion of the fourth stage was somewhat higher than planned."

According to the Department of Astronautics of the Smithsonian Institute, published on the official website of NASA:

Created by LD "solid fuel" upper steps of Jupiter-C were used as fuel "aluminum and ammonium perchlorate". This is a standard, even if ISP was bad enough compared to almost any liquid chemical rocket fuel used today. ISP varies from "220 seconds" in the atmosphere to almost "235 seconds" in vacuum (because, contrary to the general incorrect understanding, rocket engines work best in pure vacuum when the combustion does not slow down the ambient air).

Also, the data of the Smithsonian Institute lead "weight with fuel and without it" of each stage of Jupiter-s.

Introduction of these numbers into the rocket equation and the averaging of ISP in the atmosphere and vacuum of the upper steps (since Jupiter-C left the atmosphere and the ignition of the upper step became more efficient) gave us a maximum of the theoretical velocity that the Explorer-i three top steps could convey to orbit. "

dv \u003d -32,2 x 228 x (662f / 1380f) \u003d 3520 feet / s

But we already knew that such a speed added to the maximum speed achieved by the liquid first step was the "rated satellite output rate", which was required for the output of Explorer-I on the planned orbit about "224 km by 1575 km" (Red Line, below ).

Since (according to George Ludwig's numbers) real parameters The orbits turned out to be 360 \u200b\u200bkm at 2534 km, almost 959 km in Aptohee above the "nominal" (white line, below), we needed to know the amount of extra speed, which led to an additional 959 km in Apoghee and placed Explorer-I in orbit, much higher (and more elliptical) planned.

There is a "Rule of Rocket" thumb"- with" each additional foot (0.3048 m) per second of the start speed "in perigue (lower point of the orbit), the spacecraft acquires" near mile (1.609 km) of an additional height in suitoe "(the most high Point orbits).

Using this approach, Explorer-I gained an additional approximately 183 meters per second.

Is this value within conventional variations for the operation of solid fuel missiles of the generation?

The solution of the rocket equation for an additional ISP required solid fuel to link to the currently known additional action, gave the following result:

Additional required speed \u003d 600 feet per second (183 m / s)
1.073 + 183 \u003d 1.256 m / s
Increased ejection Explorer-I in orbit \u003d 1.17
Equivalent of "Improvements" of ISP rocket fuel second, third and fourth steps \u003d 267 seconds!

This led to almost 20% increase in speed in all higher steps of solid fuel ISP compared to previous LD results!

The idea that one of the 15 solid fuel missiles in the upper steps could have such a degree of major variation, hardly justified, and the fact that that night they did it all together, simply impossible in any famous chemistry and physics.

"Ordinary physics" says that you "can't get something out of nothing." And yet, somehow, based on a simple calculation, Explorer-I did it precisely that - found 959 extra kilometers of "something" ... from nothing.

But how did it manage to achieve LR and the brown background!?

Anyone who in 1958 fulfilled a simple series of computing was clear that in their hands there is a major discovery ... and ... a big problem.

The problem is that no "small variations" (at best, a few percent) of individual solid fuel missiles of Jupiter-C in the upper steps (size of the granules, packaging density, variations of the mixture, and so on) could not provide 20% increase in total combustion DV, Expressed in 183 additional meters per second and 959 additional vertical kilometers of the first American satellite!

So what remains?

What is accidentally Explorer-I committed

An important and fundamental scientific breakthrough ... due to how, in fact, objects gravitational rotate around each other!

And what, as a result, almost three hundredth year generally accepted laws of Universal Newton's commitment were somehow incorrect, just as well as the laws of movement, and even the general theory of the relativity of Einstein.

And what would be the reason, this discovery was not going to become a "small" scientific revolution.

That's the whole problem.

And the solution "Problems", as we can demonstrate now, was a political solution adopted by someone at night in order to immediately hide this delicious cosmic discovery, which, obviously, being publicly confirmed, would mean the most important result of the whole space program !

Hiding that continues until now.

Although Ludwig and Van Allen, both outstanding physicists familiar with the Explorer program (because they created all the tools measuring orbit), freely published the planned parameters of the EXPLORER-I orbit and compared them with a higher orbit, they did not realize (and Ludwig Not aware of even now), which means these parameters. Of course, they were too "convinced" to stay "in ignorance."

If any physicist sat for a minute and fulfilled the calculations that we just did, he would immediately realize that this type of "superman work" of all 15 solid fuel missiles LD is impossible.

And yet, none of the leading physicists (nor other physicists, engineers-racket, representatives of the scientific press and so on) did not bother to do these simple calculations or consider, at least for a minute, an unusual alternative to an imminent assumption that "rockets are to blame ".

An alternative that it could be physics!

One apparent, obvious reason that Van Allen and Ludwig did not fulfill the calculation, was Werner von Brown.

In addition, this is the "Werner brainchild"! If he did not know what made the rocket create a "enlarged DV", who could know it?!

The fact that Brown's background was immediately prepared to "play a simple", "without noticeing" the wonderful work of Jupiter-C (first simply not discussing it), and then remake the meaning of what happened to Explorer-I that night, it is clear from his subsequent Action at the press conference of the National Academy.

In the presence of the entire world press, greedily caught every word, he did not say anything!

And continued to be silent until his death.

However, given his doubts about the "big uncertainty" of the numbers when "came the dawn", von Brown found the time to fulfill these important calculations. He had to realize that nothing, which includes the solid fuel top steps of the LD, could not lead to such an "unusual additional action."

And yet, three months later, in April 1958, in the article for Des Moines Sunday Register von Brown just noticed:

"... It was a small error in the hasty assessment of the initial satellite speed and the appeal period."

"Small error" ...

183 extra meters per second (over 658 km / h), and as a result of 959 km above in the apogee ...

And all this from ... Nothing!

Where were the "Triumphal official press communiqué", proud "statements of the White House" (at the height cold War and "cosmic race with tips), and then the" solemn ceremony "in Stockholm, noting the unusual scientific breakthrough of the United States in the laws of Newton, for the first time in almost three centuries!?

The proof that Brown knew that there was no "the result of his rocket" that, in fact, something large, something potentially "unusual" comes from the very background of Brown:

Immediately after the ceremonies associated with the launch of Explorer-I, von Brown began to write and send secret letters around the world, a very selective group of "unusual physicists", but intentionally not related to the Explorer program (like Wang Allen!). In this correspondence, he clearly searched. " alternative physics"That could explain what happened to Explorer-I in fact.

It was not the action of a "racket", fully satisfied with the perfection of the work of his brainchild!

One delicious contact Brown included compatriot, German Burkhard Game.

Other, even more useful plans, the background of Brown in persistent secret efforts to understand "new gravitational physics", radically changed EXPLORER-I orbit after the launch, turned out to be wonderful, unusual gravitational openings of the future laureate of the Nobel Prize Dr. Maurice Alla.

But first, the theoretical opening of the game associated with the "problem" of Brown.

Game (after the war, who worked at the World-famous Institute of Astrophysics named after Max Planck in Göttingen, Germany), joined the physical and space community for several years earlier, submitting historical scientific reports at meetings International Federation Astronautics in 1952 and 1954. They described the first theoretical proposal of the engine technology operating on a smaller amount of fuel, "means of sending real spacecraft to other planets without important" restrictions of missiles ".

Since his radical proposal was based on some innovative "equations of a single field" created by the physicist who joined the prestigious German scientific Institute, Game immediately became a celebrity in the global physical community. He was the first scientist of the 20th century, who was supposed to be the third Newton law - the strength of the action is equal to the module and is opposite to the direction of the countermeasure, - underlying the entire rocket movement system, can be completely circumvented with the help of the new "technology of the space-time field" XX century .

The spacecraft can move itself in space, without pushing any "working fluid", by means of electromagnetic "the curvature of the space-time path itself!

Game worked on his theories in close cooperation with another physicist, a specialist in the field of quantum theory Pascal Gordan (the latter was associated with Nobel Laureaatami Max Borne and Werner Geisenberg. Jordan is also known as the creator of "non-Associative algebra.") It is significant that in collaboration with Jordan Game conducted key physical experiments on gravity, because even before the war, the last moved his attention to " quantum mechanics"To" cosmology "- on the origin and evolution of the most large structures In the universe, where gravity rules balls.

The name of one of the later articles of the game (1976) is "The main thoughts in the field of the uniform theory of fields, matter and gravity" - discloses the fundamental and incessant (20 years after the first exit to the world arena) interest in the study of alternative gravity and obvious cause "A sudden (and well-fixed) interest" Brown Background to Game in 1958, immediately after the start of Explorer-I.

Since, according to Research Group - theory of Geima, the international team of scientists gathered to publish and discuss the "Unified Field" Game in England (after the death of the game in 2001), the interest of Brown focused, mainly on the radical ideas of the spacecraft movement In the field and dynamics of orbits. "

According to RESEARCH GROUP:
"In a letter to Geeim, Werner von Brown was interested in progress in the development (Germans) of the movement system in the field, since otherwise he could not assume responsibility for the huge cost of the landing project on the Moon (Apollo). Game (due to the lack of funding for the development of technology by the government of West Germany) answered negatively. "

It is clear from the correspondence that Werner von Brown (whom the press and the public considered "racquer with steel eyes") left far ahead. He greedily looking for an "alternative gravitational solution" of the main problem of Explorer-I, which does not include "trivial missile explanations".

Obviously, at some point after the memorable January night, Brown, the same calculations that we ... and came to the same conclusion.

Namely, with all the existing gravity theories used (as it turned out, unsuccessfully) for the prediction of the EXPLORER-I orbit, "something" is not so radically.

In other words, in contrast to the public "excuses" of anomalous behavior of Explorer-I, in private, secretly, he was looking for a serious working alternative to Newton and Einstein!

Now it is undoubtedly confirmed by the private reservoir with the game.

Letters von Brown Mauris Alla reveal even more in terms of alternative gravitational ideas von Brown (remember, based on personal experience).

Alla, French Economist for Education (subsequently, in 1988 he received the Nobel Prize in Economics), was a wonderful physicist. He conducted experiments in the French Academy of Sciences and awarded 14 physical prizes, including the Gold Medal of the National Center Scientific research, the most honored award in French science in 1930-1980.

The work, obviously attracted the attention of Brown's background to Alla, was the result of the observation by the French physicist "highly abnormal movements of the pendulum during a solar eclipse over Paris in 1954 (and re-during another solar eclipse over France in 1959).

Alla noticed that the usual, progressive "Foucault movement" (thanks to the rotation of the Earth) of a laboratory uniquely designed "Paraconic Pendulum" during the eclipse suddenly turned over and literally "went against" (the rotation of the Earth!) Before the middle of the eclipse, when the movement of the pendulum turned over again, quickly Ongo normal speed and direction of angular rotation.

Since then, these are absolutely inexplicable (any of the currently existing theories) of observation during solar eclipse are called the Alle's effect.

Below is the curve of real observations by Alle's movement of the pendulum in 1954, made during an eclipse.

The schedule shows (red line) a normal forward angular trend (slope down) rotation of the pendulum, a mirror reflective movement opposite to the rotation of the Earth.

The trend on the chart suddenly interrupts the deviation at the very beginning of the eclipse (the green line on the left), which is a complete coup (rotation back) of the usual corner movement of the pendulum ahead!

Then the hourly "pendulum anomaly" (almost in the middle - the central green line) quickly returns to a normal trend down, again "mirror reflecting" the usual inertial rotation of the Earth.

No need to say what amazing behavior Absolutely was not predicted by No Newton, nor Einstein in terms of the "ordinary" inertial movements of the pendulum, freely fluctuating under the action of gravity.

Or, quoting Alle:
"... Of course, the eclipse effects are impressive and cannot be explained within the framework of the current theories (gravity or inertia). Over the past centuries, there was no such phenomenon, the observed values \u200b\u200bof which would be from twenty to hundreds of millions times more than the values \u200b\u200bobtained (preliminary theoretical) calculation.

In the real sense of observation, Alle, during the eclipse, were a wonderful "earthly version" of Explorer-I behavior in outer space. According to Brown, two phenomena could be caused by the same gravitational anomaly, hence its obvious interest in experiments Alla.

Correspondence Von Brown and Alla appears from two independent sources: Professor Alla and Official NASA website, whose first director was ... Werner von Brown.

In 1999, Nasa Alla stated on a statement note:
"... in connection with the reliability of my experiments, the certificate of General Paul Bergeron should be given, former president Committee of Scientific Activities for the Ministry of Defense, in his letter in May 1959 Vernera Von Brown. "

In the same year (1999), the results of provocative experiments, Alla were published on the NASA website in anticipation of possible reproduction of original observations by Alla during a complete solar eclipse in August 1999. It covered all Europe in geometry, very similar to the geometry of the recorded Alla of the 1954 event.

The NASA website also indicates the "interest" of Brown's background to the experiments of Professor Alla ... and even mentions (albeit utensils), "why" he showed such interest:
"... Pioneer in the field of rocket building Werner von Brown, First Director of NASA, first became interested in experiments Alle in 1958, when preliminary studies were considered as predicting satellite trajectories in orbital mechanics."

The general misunderstanding of the "Problems" by NASA in 1999 and the same understatement of the deeper personal involvement of Brown in the experiments by Alla, even half a century, they talk about how seriously Brown perceived the work by Alla and its follow-up:

In 1959, following the May letter of General Bergeron, von Brown personally contributed to the publication of the works of French physics about his revolutionary experiments with a pendulum in the leading aerodynamic journal of the United States (and for the first time in English, before that, all the works ALLA were available only in French). This magazine was "Aero / Space Engineering".

Articles Alla did not "walked", but they were directly compared with the likelihood that his long observations of the behavior of the pendulum, consisting literally of thousands of hours of detailed repetitions, including unusual, absolutely unexpected 2 hours 34 minutes of the delightful event during the eclipse period - 1954, reveal fatal errors in the previous "sacred" laws of Newton and Einstein.

The same "fatal mistakes", with whom the von Brown von in space was first faced ... In the strange orbital behavior of Explorer-I at night January 31, 1958.

In retrospect, it seems that von Brown hoped for the fact that, contributing to the publication of revolutionary data Alla in the main US cosmic magazine, it stimulates subsequent "discussions and debates" in the field of "innovative engineering solution", the decisions that he could take advantage of at a raysterity " The secret problem of the executor ".

But neither the aerospace community, nor the public still aware of the existence of the Explorer Anomalies itself. Von Brown thought that, attracting the attention of other racket engineers and scientists to the amazing experimental contradictions by the Alley of the existing theory of gravity, someone in the community "could find a solution." At least, this is the best explanation that I can find (after 50 years) explicitly controversial actions of Brown in that period of time, its solid decision to hide the "space discovery" from the rest of the world, and at the same time promote open publication and The discussion of potentially revolutionary physics, which seemed to lay the "EXPLORER" problem!

Since the "problem" became more serious.

For a period of a little more than one and a half years, held between the first advent of Explorer Anomalies, January 31, 1958, and the publication of the first series of unique research by Alla in the field of real nature of gravity, in September 1959, von Brown successfully launched two more satellites Explorer, and Navy USA Three (from the planned 11 satellites) avant-garde.

And they all showed the same kind of "mysterious anomalies of orbits" as Explorer-I!

"The worst fears" von Brown, that Explorer-I was not luck, justified less than two months later ... With the successful launch into the EXPLORER-III orbit.

Launched on March 26, 1958, the satellite had a trajectory essentially identical to the planned orbit Explorer-I: 224 km by 1575 km. However, to the annoyance of Brown Background and launch commands, the new spacecraft also immediately repeated the features of the Explorer-I flight path!

And again, no one with the exception of Brown's background did not notice what really happened.

The end parameters of the EXPLORER-III orbit parameters were "201 km at 2.816 km ... with a period of circulation of 115.7 minutes" - more elliptical orbit (and even higher) than Explorer-I, but the period of circulation is almost the same!

And it could not be attributed to the account of another "perfect work" Jupiter-C (and yet, according to "experts," could be - and the point "...).

With the launch of Explorer-IV, four months - July 26, 1958, the "anomaly" was already firmly established by the fact:

End orbit Explorer-IV was "262 km by 2209 km compared to the planned 354 km by 1609 km." At first glance, it did not look like a kind of confirmation, until the fact that this satellite was carried away by twice as many scientific tools compared with the previous apparatus, and at the multiplication of "unusual physics" was completely linked.

As noted, in the same period of time - from March 17, 1958 to September 12, 1959 - the US Navy, finally, successfully launched three Avangard satellites into space.

And they also found themselves on "higher and more elliptical orbits" than was planned, so higher and more elliptic that now they are the three oldest artificial facilities that are still rotating around the Earth ... after half a century after launch. Each of them remains life - "a few hundred years", after which they will appear so low, which will include the Earth's atmosphere.

But, despite all this, the "secret" remained.

It seemed that no one in the press, writing about any of these historical early bypass, did not even suspect that "something serious was wrong," and if he suspected, he did not write about it. It seemed that they did not even notice that early orbits were "significantly higher" planned, at altitudes (as everyone can calculate), which mute to reach the rockets themselves!

But since the brown background - the hero of the day - did not say anything, it was a rocket, right? They just turned out to be "more efficient" than planned.

In addition, who wanted to argue with the "hero"?!

Hiding the brown background and desperate search for "alternative physics" to solve the problem worked, especially concealment.

Now, if there are still skeptics (and they always remain), which we do not believe we carefully look at Brown's background!

Intensive worldwide search Background Brown working physicists To solve this main problem was not something that he did "just out of curiosity." Obviously, he only realized that if it was a "violation" of Newton's mechanics in the dynamics of satellites will not be understood, and then somehow taken control, the inability to accommodate future satellites for planned orbits will quickly bury the entire space program!

If the spacecraft cannot be launched to an accurate, predictable orbit, then scientific missions based on the well-known orbits of satellites (and thus computable geometry of the Earth) could not be successfully implemented. There could not be planned for the set of targets for military purposes (the concept of the Cold War, which secretly adheres to the Pentagon even now). Could not be planned automatic or manned flights to the moon or to other planets (such as Mars - Favorite Planet von Brown).

Forget!

So, von Brown felt the need for "solutions" problems and as soon as possible.

Because the designers of missions on both sides of the Iron Curtain (after the successful launch of Explorer!) We decided to raise the bets and fixed the eyes to the Moon as the next reward in a new geopolitical game.

William Picering, director of LRD, which, as you remember, designed Explorer-I and three solid fuel top steps, was at the forefront of the design of the designers from the American side. Now he intended to achieve places "far beyond the low earth orbit". He actively advocated to send the spacecraft to the moon at the very slightest feature.

In the Pentagon, just a month after the launch of Explorer-I, was actively pressed for President Eisenhower to coordinate different military services in response to a new challenge of the Soviet Space Program (in two years later, the new Civil Cosmic Agency formed by Eisenhower in the summer of 1958 began to control All "not military" Space missions).

A month after the creation, March 27, 1958 (every other day after a successful launch, the background of Brown Explorer-III), "R & D Military Office", based on early peeking proposals, it was important that America seeks to "throw to the moon." And it will be carried out with the help of a quick and dirty pioneer program, as a way to overtake the Russians and gain a "political advantage" in the "cosmic race".

It was an obvious political intention.

In the present statement, everything was expressed by a more diplomatic language: "... to determine our ability to study space near the moon and get useful data relating to the moon."

Unfortunately, since August 1958, until the end of the year, four failures in a row occurred in the clock-blindly elusive first lunar program.

And then, on the first day of the New Year, in January 1959, another Soviet surprise was obtained:

The Soviet Union launched the first Soviet space rocket (later called Moon-I) to the moon. Modernized intercontinental rocket R-7 first brought the automatic probe to the exactly planned trajectory towards the moon to come in touch with the surface of another world.

Considering the size of the upper stage of the Soviet rocket carrier R-7 "block -e" (below, at the top) compared with the tiny American pioneer lunar apparatus (below, bottom). As well as the total weight of the block-E, which gives the ability to carry the required management system and fuel for several adjustments of the route to the Moon, the Moon I will easily achieve the destination destination with an error "ranging from 97 to 193 km from it."

But instead ...

34 hours after the launch, the first Soviet Automatic Lunar Probe successfully crossed the orbit of the moon, but turned out to be ahead of the moon for the whole "5.953 km" before staying on a one-year, sunny orbit. The first artificial object of the "cosmic era" completely left the ground and was renamed the dream project.

The main question is: why, if there is such a mass and technology, the Russians missed?!

Looking at this mission from the side (since the damn advice did not bother to put him in advance!), Von Brown could logically assume one thing:

Whatever Newtonian forces did not act on his spacecraft (and on the Avangard Navy) in the orbit of the Earth, they acted for advice! It was the first independent confirmation of this opportunity, because in the orbit of the Earth, the advice could always say (and said) that any orbit achieved by them was "planned".

Pour past the moon, and even more than the diameter of the moon itself (3.475 km), given the presence of a complex system of space navigation, it was an important evidence that the mysterious "power" (not Newtonian), demonstratively acting on the spacecraft Von Brown , acted for Soviet devices!

And she worked in space, at least at a distance to the moon.

It was obvious that the Russians are not able to do anything!

Unfortunately, this important provision did not exert the background Brown no practical help In compensation for star "not Newtonian" mechanics in his own program.

Two months later, when the next attempt was approached by Brown Background to implement another American moon mission Pioneer 4, his spacecraft was at a distance of 59.533 km in front of the moon.

Ten times more than the error of the Russians!

And again, the American press did not suspect anything.

In those distant days, the "space journey" was so new, so full of all kinds of "famous unknowns" that the lighting of the press of early missions occurred on the basis of "reading a press communiqué". Journalists did not make any additional messages, not to mention the real deep research on the part of "government space institutions".

If the US Army, the NAS and NASA itself explained all the failures of the early missions and seen anomaly of typical "problems with equipment", "unexpected impulse," "difficulties of management" and so on, who in the press, in those years, knew enough about this absolutely new Professions - "Science of Rocket Beginning!" - To effectively argue with such a "giant" as a background Brown?!

And who would like to even try!?

Therefore, the concealing continued.

After 10 months, September 12, 1959, Von Brown experienced another huge shock - the tips launched the second automatic space rocket on the moon.

And this time ... they did not miss.

What the Russians learned for the "past months", which was still trying to reveal the von Brown in connection with the "not Newtonian" forces, demonstratively acting on both spacecraft, were they in a low orbit around the Earth or headed to the moon!?

And how did they manage to "cope with this" in all of the second attempt - successfully planted on the surface of the moon automatic apparatus (the flag of the USSR flag and the banners of the Communist Party), again aversion of Americans?

Inquisitive minds ...

And yet, in nine years, December 24, 1968, three American astronauts on the ship Apollo, almost with surgical accuracy successfully fit into the lunar orbit with the help of terrestrial computer calculations of the orbit performed "in Houston". On the eve of Christmas, they completed ten historic turns around the moon, sent to the ground. Live television images from the lunar orbit and after reading the Book of Being, before "safely return to Earth", just as John Kennedy foresaw.

How did NASA succeed?!

Considering the mysterious "non-Newtonian gravitational anomaly," the brown's open background is only ten years ago, who had previously deprived of the United States, not only to predict future orbits of earthly satellites, but also successfully targeting any spacecraft on the moon and successfully remove it to the lunar orbit as the United States managed to fulfill this The task is only nine years old (Apollo 8?!) After the Russian Moon 2 reached the Moon?

The most inquisitive minds really want to know ...

In total, eight years ago, in 1960, von Brown headed the NASA Rocket Program. A colossal "lunar missile" Saturn 5 (111 m high and weighing 3.300 tons) was built (above and below), which, when the time comes, will help America to triumphantly fall on the surface of the moon.

In addition, von Brown was the head of NASA's head, the first director of the Marshall space flight center, which was finding the best way to take advantage of this gigantic means of movement created by him for the "fulfillment of their mission" before the historical report of Kennedy about the Apollo program in 1961.

Returning to 1960, in the depths of the soul von Brown knew that he would not be able to "complete the mission", without deciding the problem with the "not Newtonian" dynamics!

The most serious task of the rest of the NASA team (who did not know that they have a problem) was the exact definition of "as" such a gigantic starter can be used best to use in the Apollo program. Two options were considered: (1) the "direct rise" mode (leaving the earth, attachment and return), the mode "docking with the Earth's orbit (first docking the different elements of the Apollo expedition on the ground, to the direction to the moon and the subsequent return). Or (2) Docking mode with the lunar orbit (the departure on the moon of two apparatuses Apollo in one rocket, domaining them on the lunar orbit for the capture of one of them, to the return docking on the lunar orbit with the first and then safely return to the ground).

The last concept, abbreviated the named Sol, especially promoted a young engineer NASA-Langley John Hobolt. But, despite the explicit engineering and economic advantages of Sol in the achievement of the Moon before the expiration of the term appointed by the President (10 years), without trying to build and plant a spacecraft on the moon weighing hundreds of tons and a high height of almost 21 m - below, Hobolt continued to beat his head " About the mysterious stone wall. " He tried to convince NASA's leadership that this is the only way apollon to succeed in his mission.

To his embarrassment and growing professional confusion, Hobolt found that, despite "confidence increasingly and more NASA's engineers and managers in the advantage of SOL "(when he had the opportunity to explain everything personally in detail)," For some reason, "in the agency his idea Sol foolish remained the least favorable from all early ideas about landing on the moon.

Based on the information given, at least one person from NASA knew this reason.

Von Brown, like no other, (due to the situation with "not Newtonian speakers") was adamant that the only hope of attaining Apollon was "direct lift".

This meant that the planned goal was the whole moon, as opposed to "(according to Sol), an infinitely small artificial space apparatus, floating somewhere in the dark on the lunar orbit." This belief, undoubtedly, was based on the assessment of Brown von: if the Russians (somehow) reached landing on the surface of the moon through the trajectory of the direct lift of the Moon 2, he could also!

With the help of "direct lifting" and with a sufficiently large rocket and enough fuel "you could use the" coarse power technique "to reach the surface of the moon. Technician, overcoming the effect of unpredictable orbital speakers, when gravitational anomalies influenced the paths of space objects, by repeated engines (and large amounts of fuel) for constant correction of the course until you are safely landed on the moon!

But it required a huge rocket, much more even Saturn 5.

That is why from the very beginning, Brown was so fixed on the "direct rise": one, a huge rocket (which he later called Nova), created to transfer the massive lunar module to the surface of the moon directly from the ground. The rocket, which would have enough fuel to resist any "not Newtonian uncertainties", with which it will face on the way to the Moon and when returning home.

It was the only strategy of Apollo, which had at least the slightest chance to work, based on the fact that Brown's von Braun knew about the real speakers of orbits in 1960!

Later, due to the overall size of the fuel volumes of the new, the von Brown reluctantly expanded the concept of "direct rise" of the lunar mission to the inclusion of "docking with the Earth's orbit" (POPs). The method of "coarse force" would have worked in the case of the Earth orbit, allowing two (or more) to the devices to move together - docking - and providing greater flexibility in the assembly of suitable components of Apollo to direction to the moon.

And if something went wrong, if the docking is not achievable (because of the problem with "not Newtonian speakers), astronauts would still be" within the whole pair hundred miles from the ground ", from where they could have been able to Easy to return home.

It is impossible with SOL, when astronauts could stay literally "on the mel" in a spacecraft, which cannot bear enough fuel to overcome unknown "non-Newtonian forces", working at a distance of 385.920 km from the ground ... on the lunar orbit.

From our analysis it follows that this was the real reason why Brown's von Braun completely refused slave from the summer of 1962.

Then, to the surprise of the entire aerospace community, including (especially!) His team of the Marshall Center (which, of course, did not support SOL), von Brown suddenly changed its position in the question of whether "how best to perform Kennedy's permafrost." In June 1962, at the meeting of NASA, he announced that "changed the decision" and now, of course, stands for "returning to docking with the lunar orbit".
Here is a public explanation of Brown's background: "We in the center of the Marshall space flights openly recognize that when I first got acquainted with the proposal of the Sol regime, we reacted a bit skeptical to him, especially by the aspect, which forces astronauts to perform a complex docking maneuver at a distance of 385.920 km from the ground where any risk is possible. However, we paid a lot of time to study the four modes (POPs, Sol and two modes of direct lift, one with the help of the new, the other with the help of Saturn C-5) and came to the conclusion that this particular disadvantage (low probability of successful maneuver execution on the lunar orbit) It is much outweighted by the benefits (SOL). "

The fact that von Brown is suddenly inexplicable (for many NASA veterans) changed the opinion of relatively sol, only one thing could mean:
At that time, "something" suddenly changed in the whole (still classified) situation with "not Newtonian dynamics"!

It is curious that just a month ago to the NASA meeting, April 21, 1962, despite all previous unsuccessful attempts, the automatic spacecraft Ranger 4 finally hit the surface of the moon!

Whether Brown's background changed its solution due to salt because "the problem with not Newtonian dynamics", still firmly standing on the path of all reliable space docks, was finally solved? Was the Ranger 4 last, a visual demonstration of the solution of cosmic star mechanics (with publicly represented aspects of the mission as a convenient "cover")?!

The more I thought about it (and, given my memories of the beginning of the 60s, about the extremely exciting history of the entire "Ranger program" of that period, when the subsequent launches of this series "failed", and even in the congress held hearing on incorrect management NASA laboratory), the more I started to be interested in:

Was the entire Ranger program to be just a "cover", a test model equipped with "scientific tools" and even "leading researchers" from different universities? And the real purpose of flight to space of different missions was the incessant empirical attempt to understand the "problem", and then cope with it?

Was it from the very beginning the real goal of the Rangers, the creation of equations of non-Newtonian star mechanics, which could successfully correct the Newtonian anomaly in future missions of NASA?

And did not them studied NASA, the method of "samples and errors" (many mistakes), how exactly to remove the spacecraft into the orbit of the Earth and in deep space, despite the constant "not a Newtonian problem"?!

And suddenly something turned on in my head. I suddenly realized that it was this laboratory of NASA, even after the claims of Congress about the "big disruptions" found in the Ranger program, which designed, built and running the ranger 4 - the first automatic spacecraft of NASA, which was finally the surface of another planet, was not The other, as the same laboratory, which engineers were designed and built Explorer-I.

Laboratory of reactive motion Bill Picering!

And so, everything came out ...

In the official history of the Ranger NASA, there is even a statement that coincides with our assessment:
"... in the project development process (Ranger), LD scientific priorities revealed the true goal of all five flights of the Rangers - the development of the" main elements of space technology "required for lunar and planetary missions", including the development of reliable interplanetary navigation techniques. "

LRs should have known about Explorer-I anomalies, know from the very beginning! And (together with Brown's background), she worked hard on her decision from that January night in 1958!

And who could have been the best motive for the detection and solving this problem of star navigation than the laboratory, the director of which from the very beginning intended (according to the official biography of NASA Bill Picering) "turn LRD into the most important interplanetary laboratory"?

The laboratory that she began (deciding this "not solved problem and learning to control the physics that makes fully outdated and Newton, and Einstein)!?

Suddenly, the broader political consequences of the soft handling of LRD, even in the period of Fiasco with the Ranger, especially in terms of "unexpected influence", which LRD provided on other NASA programs, completely different values \u200b\u200bhave gained.

In this scenario, without LD and its (obviously, secret) successfully developed (through Ranger?) Computer programs for interplanetary space navigation, no one in NASA could move anywhere ... without the consent of LRD.

And it could explain almost everything connected with the 50-year history of NASA and his actions.

In terms of Apollo, an important "short turn" von Brown, from the opposition to support from Sol was clearly key decision, allowed to succeed with the entire Moon Program Apollo.

Because after the official choice of NASA Sol (a few weeks later), as the means of a real landing on the moon with a separate small space module, which transferred astronauts from the lunar orbit to the surface and back, the entire program Apollo suddenly became the "obedient". Separate components of Apollo became much "easier". Now they require a much smaller moon rocket to carry them (only Saturn 5, unlike a much more massive and more expensive rocket Nova).

As a result of the above, the Apollo program was performed much earlier, which allowed NASA not only to meet the term established by President Kennedy, but also "ahead of the Russians in the landing on the moon"!

Will Brown von Brown promoted with a slight help of friends from LRs to fulfill all this, finally, "deciding" the unusual problem of still classified unexpected nonplorer-I anomaly back in 1962?

And if the way they did, potentially offering humanity keys to the opening of not only the future study of the entire solar system, but also the secret of the construction of real "anti-gravity spacecraft" for the colonization of the solar system!

And finally, after half a century, after launching Explorer-I, did "someone" did what we just described:

I implemented a real, "highly classified" space program and penetrated much further than this solar system with the help of a fleet of spacecraft with controlled gravity, based on "secret new physics" LRD.

While Nasa, which we see on TV, claims that "plays only with missiles"?!

And no one in the American press suspects anything?

And yet, despite the "secrecy," we managed to fix the amazing, secret, long-term personal search for "answers" to the inexplicable questions of star mechanics, which concerned the wonderful new "alternative physics" and could explain why the first American satellite was in orbit where He simply could not deliver the rocket von Brown.

And that even more significantly ... Explorer-I was not alone in this achievement!

Consideration of open access data has revealed the same unexpected "behavior" of two additional EXplorer satellites within military program Brown background, as well as similar "mysteriously enlarged orbits" of three successfully launched US Navy satellites avant-garde to such an extent that the latter have become the oldest artificial satellites that are still rotating around the Earth!

And yet, as we noticed, even by 50 years, no one noticed and did not ask deeper questions about this amazing sequence of events: repetitive violations of Newton's laws and Einstein's relativity theory at the launch of the first American satellites!

Not to mention the simultaneous appearance of huge amounts of "free energy" on each of the higher orbits, it would seem, from nothing!

Next, we will consider the "decision of this riddle", based on the 20 years of research and experiments with "hyperpricatural physics". As with the help of "reversible engineering" we managed to decipher what the von Brown von (and LRD) is about this phenomenon, and that this may mean in terms of the fundamental revolution in the star mechanics.

The radical "not Newtonian" orbital behavior of Explorer-I (and other American satellites) should be considered the main scientific and political discovery in the early space program, if not in the field of study of the Solar System over the past 50 years!

Despite the vulture of secrecy for national security, which politicians immediately imposed on the events of that night, now it is necessary to answer the question: "Will Brown's background (and his assistants in LRD) turn this revolutionary scientific discovery into working technology "?

Technology capable of monitoring even gravity itself?!

And if so, is it stored an important technical and political development For decades secret from American taxpayers and all over the world?

As noted earlier, our 25-year study gave us a technical advantage that von Brown vision (at least first), - working scientific theory (hyperpriced model), which from the very beginning predicted "not Newtonian" movements and behavior of satellites.

There is another school of thought about whether "Brown's von Brown knew (and other Germans who fell in the United States as a result of a clip operation) about not the Newtonian speakers Explorer-I? - About the historical perspective, documented and discussed in the writings of our friend and colleagues Dr. Joseph Farrell:

It is believed that there is a certain probability that the von Brown (being Major SS Himmler) was dedicated (along with other key members of the clip operation) in the main secrets of the research, secret program of the Nazis, which was called the experiment bell. It was an unusual experiment, which (according to officially declassified documents from Eastern Europe, which became accessible after the unification of Germany), showed several extremely abnormal phenomena, including anti-gravity!

And this allowed Brown's background to immediately recognize the direct connection of antigravity with such "not Newtonian behavior" Explorer-I!

After a careful study of information, I do not share this point of view, does not share it and Dr. Farrell.

If the von Brown vocals knew about the previous "experiments" of the Nazis with inertia and control over the gravitation of a la bell ", why did he personally use the theory of alternative physics to explain the" unexplained "in connection with Explorer-I? In other words, why was he so obviously surprised!?

Why, in the desire to understand amazing phenomenonaccompanying the conclusion of Explorer-I in orbit, he did not write about the mysterious phenomenon to "alternative physicists" of the world, looking for a new theoretical "non-Newtonian solution to the problem"?

Why not just consult with more aware members of your own german team On the details of the experiment, the bell, about which he personally may not know?

Essentially, a well-recorded "behavior" of Brown, after shock with Explorer-I, exhaustively indicates a complete absence of knowledge about the "Nazi bell" on his part and, of course, about the complete ignorant of radical alternative physics, which the bell showed in this technology, up to Killing some scientists and technical staff involved in the experiments of the SS!

However, there is another likelihood ...

The probability that Brown von Could hear about the bell (from "someone," who he trusted) "enough" to encourage him (after experience with Explorer-i) further informationIn order to find an independent modern confirmation of the existence of such a "radical alternative physics".

Whatever the facts associated with his "greedy interest" to such physics, we, unlike the von Braun, took advantage of the remarkable, excessive, beautifully converging at one point of the series not classified "experiments with anomalous gravity and inertia" when they started Seriously explore the "Explorer problem".

In addition, again, unlike Brown, (if you completely eliminate that "he knew about the bell scenario") to move forward, we took advantage of a certain advantage of a number of accurate theoretical predictions of our "hyperspace model".

The predictions of our model were built on an extremely durable basis, on which Enterprise could try to restore the method of "reversible engineering" the process itself, which should be used by Brown and LRD in many years of fixed efforts to "understand the essence of the problem".

German biographers argue that rockets interested him still in the youth: he pleased the rocket in the tray with apples, then in the windows of the bakery. Starting at the landfill, the 20-year-old Baron in October 1932 is already enrolled in the state of arms management. Since then, all his life, Werner von Brown engaged in large rockets, skillfully painting with all his competitors.

The Versailles Agreement interrupted Germany to arm, but the rockets did not negotiate in the contract, and under Berlin in 1930, a polygon "Rocket Fleug Place" was organized. Then Verner von Brown appeared there, a student of the Institute of Technology. The young member of the "German Rocket Society" was a sprayer of an old family, his ancestors in 1699 were proclaimed by Barona. Surrounded by the dance of goverrs and servants, Werner spent his childhood in the genitalian estate Ober-Vestal in Silesia. German biographers argue that rockets interested him still in the youth: he pleased the rocket in the tray with apples, then in the windows of the bakery. Starting at the landfill, the 20-year-old Baron in October 1932 is already enrolled in the state of arms management. Since then, all his life, Werner von Brown engaged in large rockets, skillfully painting with all his competitors.

Brown headed the German Rocket Center in Peimende, where his famous FAU-2 missile was created - "Weapon of Retribution", as the Goebbels arms decided. The tests in May 1943 were successful, and the High Commission from General Field Marshals and Gross Admirals recommended the work to continue. Hitler called Brown in his secret bet "Wolfshanza" ("Wolf Lair") in the forests of Eastern Prussia, looked through the film about these tests and remained very pleased. The first rocket fell in the London district of Chesevick on September 8, 1944. The British first thought that the gas highway exploded, because the air alarm did not declare. But after 16 seconds, the second explosion thundered. And then they found a binding piece of metal, which allowed to unravel that liquid oxygen was used on the FA-2. Germans managed B. last years Wars release 1402 FU-2 missiles, of which 1054 exploded in London ...

In the spring of 1945, Brown and his assistants were taken out in the USA, where he essentially led all work on rocket technology and cosmonautics, took part in creating the first American satellite of Earth and large missiles "Jupiter" and "Saturn". Our rackets always responded to the German designer with proper respect. Yes, he was a member of the Nazi party and even the Shturmbanfürer SS.

- But name the project manager of the FAU-2 scale, which we would not have a member of the CPSU! - Akademik B.V. told me Rousbach. - Korolev knew perfectly well that it was necessary to join the party ...

Academician V.P. Glushko argued that the creation of FAu-2 was a large technical achievement in the field of rocket ". Sergey Pavlovich Korolev, starting with a copy of Rocket Brown, after 11 years he launched his legendary P-7, which opened the road into space. Perhaps, for the top ten years and overtake Brown my time.

Werner von Brown died of throat cancer in the small town of Alexandria Nearby from Washington on June 16, 1977.

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