Position: 05h 40m, –02°, 27", distance from Earth: 1,600 light years; device/year: WFC3/IR, 2012.
M83, or the Southern Pinwheel Galaxy, is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Hydra
Position: 13h 37m, –29°, 51", distance from Earth: 15,000,000 light years, device/year: WFC3/UVIS, 2009–2012.
Position: 18h 18m, –13°, 49", distance from Earth: 6,500 light years, instrument/year: WFC3/IR, 2014.
The book is called Expanding Universe and is dedicated to the 25th anniversary of the launch of Hubble. The Hubble photographs published in this book are not just breathtaking images, they are also an opportunity to learn more about space exploration. The book includes an essay by a photography critic, an interview with a specialist who explains exactly how these images are created, and two stories by astronauts about the role this unique telescope plays in space exploration.
RS Puppis is a variable star in the constellation Puppis
Position: 08h 13m, –34°, 34", distance from Earth: 6,500 light years, instrument/year: ACS/WFC, 2010.
M82, or the Cigar Galaxy, is a spiral galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major
Position: 09h 55m, +69° 40", distance from Earth: 12,000,000 light years, device/year: ACS/WFC, 2006.
M16, or the Eagle Nebula, is a young open star cluster in the constellation Serpens.
Position: 18h 18m, –13°, 49", distance from Earth: 6,500 light years, instrument/year: WFC3/UVIS, 2014.
Due to the fact that the telescope is located in space, it can detect radiation in the infrared range, which is completely impossible to do from the surface of the Earth. Therefore, Hubble's resolution is 7-10 times greater than that of a similar telescope located on the surface of our planet. For example, among other things, scientists for the first time obtained maps of the surface of Pluto, learned additional data about planets outside the solar system, they managed to make significant progress in the study of such mysterious black holes in the centers of galaxies, and also, which seems completely incredible, they were able to formulate the modern cosmological model and find out a more accurate age of the Universe (13.7 billion years).
Jupiter and its moon Ganymede
Sharpless 2-106, or the Snow Angel Nebula in the constellation Cygnus
Position: 20h 27m, +37°, 22", distance from Earth: 2,000 light years, device/year: Subaru, Telescope, 1999; WFC3/UVIS, WFC3/IR, 2011.
M16, or the Eagle Nebula, is a young open star cluster in the constellation Serpens.
Position: 18h 18m, –13°, 49", distance from Earth: 6,500 light years, instrument/year: ACS/WFC, 2004.
HCG 92, or Stephen's Quintet, is a group of five galaxies in the constellation Pegasus
Position: 22h 35m, +33°, 57", distance from Earth: 290,000,000 light years, device/year: WFC3/UVIS, 2009.
If we speak, then it is correct to say that this is the totality of everything that surrounds us and we ourselves - people - including. Huge ocean and small points of planets, people and galaxies invisible to the eye, ugly molecules of viruses and those who study them - all this is the Universe.
In ancient times, “” meant the whole world; in the Middle Ages, the concept of “microcosmos” appeared, which was the essence of man, his inner world.
It is more difficult to give an exact space. For clarity, you can resort to an eastern parable. One day a little fish asked the wise queen: “Sea?” Everyone talks about it, but no one can show me,” to which she replied: “You were born in the Sea, surrounded by it, and when you die, you will dissolve in it.” The same can be said about Space. Our home, the Earth, is surrounded by the vast expanse of Space.
The primacy of being
The Universe and the cosmos are engaged in a tireless battle in the minds of scientists about which of them is more primary. Assumptions about the origin of life have been made by people. The most famous of the hypotheses have many adherents defending their point of view. One of the assumptions is that it arose from the void as a result of a big explosion. IN this moment it represents matter that is constantly expanding and galaxies are moving further and further away from each other.
Theories
The theory of a pulsating universe says that the idea of the emergence of life due to an explosion covers only a certain period of time. According to this theory, the cosmos has always existed and represents life itself, which interacts within itself and is constantly evolving. Our universe is only one of the components of the cosmos, perhaps only a small part of it.
There is an idea of \u200b\u200bas chaos, while the universe is an organized system, possibly having a structure.
The universe and space attract the inquisitive minds of scientists on state level. Billions of dollars are spent on studying the world around us, research centers are built, more and more advanced aircrafts. Despite the fact that the field of activity is still huge, some success has been achieved. Today, every schoolchild, unlike in the Middle Ages, knows that the Earth is round. What is currently taught in school, in the recent past, one had to defend at the cost of one’s life, as Copernicus did.
Video on the topic
The scale is so grandiose that modern astrophysics, operating in many ways earthly concepts, cannot yet solve many problems related to its origin and existence.
The Universe is a fundamental concept of astronomy, which in practice includes at this stage only part of the material world that can be studied using modern natural science methods. The term “” itself implies something that does not have, therefore, in any case, finite knowledge about it is impossible.
However, in 1915, Einstein published the "theory of relativity", according to which the Universe, but it is finite, and just like any sphere that has no boundaries, has a certain volume and surface area. In other words, moving from one point in the Universe, we can return to the original one, adjusted for the fourth dimension - time. The theory of relativity will “work” until, according to another theory - the theory of the expanding Universe, earthlings will be able to observe (or rather, clarify with the help of electromagnetic cosmic radiation) galactic processes.
Thus, man, who over the past two thousand years has gone through the evolution of ideas from geocentric to heliocentric, has returned back again and placed in the center of the Universe not the Earth, of course, but the Milky Way, his native galaxy. However, if the theory of relativity is true for other points of the Universe, then, in the end, they will stop their run and, according to one version, begin to approach each other, so that sooner or later this compression will again give rise to the Big One, the main evidence of which is the emergence of antigravity forces at large distances, which not yet known.
According to another version, at the moment when kinetic energy for the run-up will end, thermal heat will set in, and the Universe will disintegrate into atoms, protons-neutrons, quarks, and so on, apparently again ad infinitum, although modern science cannot yet answer whether particles smaller than quarks exist.
In addition, in modern cosmology one of critical issues There is also a question about the shape of the Universe: is it spatially flat (that is, are the laws of Euclidean geometry applicable to it), or is it only close due to local “folds” formed due to distortions of space-time from massive objects? to that.
And, finally, another group of questions that modern researchers working on the problems of the origin of the Universe are working on: was the Universe “born” initially rotating? This hypothesis refutes the Big Bang theory, according to which energy immediately began to spread equally in all directions.
Video on the topic
The words “space” and “Universe” are associated with something vast and mysterious. Let us consider in more detail what is meant by these concepts, is there a difference between them, and if it exists, then how does space differ from the Universe.
A small retreat
Man at all times has been extremely concerned with questions about how the Earth and other planets came to be, what the stars are made of, whether there is life somewhere else, and others. What caused this interest? On the one hand, curiosity and the desire to learn everything unknown are inherent in people from the very beginning. On the other hand, it is important for us to have an idea of possible dangers from the outside and to develop ways to combat them. In addition, science is exploring how it can be useful existing world. And much has not yet been studied, despite the level of progress.
Comparison
To understand what is the difference between space and the Universe, let’s get acquainted with the interpretation of each of the two concepts. Moreover, historically their meaning has changed. In ancient times, a harmoniously arranged world was called cosmos. Consonant with this interpretation are the words “beauty”, “organization”, “perfection”, and the antonym in this case is “chaos”.
Nowadays, “space” often means what begins immediately beyond the earth’s shell. This is an endless airless space, which is the location of planets and star clusters, comets and asteroids move in it, nebulae and black holes are located. All this seems to be controlled by some unknown force.
Space in modern interpretation They are divided into near - bordering our atmosphere and actively studied using specially designed devices - and distant, difficult to study. Associated with this concept are the phrases “ open space", "space flight", as well as the term "cosmonautics".
As for the Universe, in philosophy it is presented as the universe, a created being. What is meant here is a speculative category. It describes everything that exists, taking various forms. And the man in in this sense is also part of the Universe.
In addition, there is the concept of “astronomical Universe”. These words mean a part of the world that is within the field of view of science and accessible to research using special methods and means. The objects of study here are celestial bodies, including the Earth, galaxies, interplanetary and interstellar space, etc. However, it is still not clear whether the Universe is finite.
However, sometimes “universe” is used to mean “ different countries, places” – “to travel around the whole universe.” It is also worth noting that the two concepts under discussion may be related in speech differently. For example, there is an opinion that the beginning of everything is space, and the Universe is the result of an explosion that occurred in it. There is also a position according to which the Universe should be taken as a whole, and space is one of its parts.
Thus, there is no clear answer to the question of what is the difference between space and the Universe. The meaning of these words can change in different contexts, and sometimes they are used as absolute synonyms.
) originally among the ancient Greeks (starting with Pythagoras in the 6th century BC) ≈ the Universe as a harmonious organized system, as opposed to chaos, a disorderly accumulation of matter. From the Greeks the term "K." moved to modern science as a synonym Universe Space includes interplanetary, interstellar, and intergalactic space with all objects located in it. From the concept "K." ( space) sometimes exclude the Earth with its atmosphere. In this sense, the term "K." (the term “near satellite” is also used) became widespread after the launch (1957) in the USSR of the first artificial space object, the artificial Earth satellite, and the beginning of the study of the near-Earth and interplanetary environment using various types of spacecraft.
Big Soviet encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .
See what “Cosmos (Universe)” is in other dictionaries:
SPACE (Greek kosmos), synonymous with the astronomical definition of the Universe; often distinguished as so-called near space explored using artificial satellites Earth, spacecraft and interplanetary stations, and deep space, the world of stars and galaxies... encyclopedic Dictionary
- (Greek kosmos). Peace, universe. Dictionary foreign words, included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. SPACE, universe, world. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Pavlenkov F., 1907 ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language
The large-scale structure of the Universe as it appears in infrared rays with a wavelength of 2.2 microns 1,600,000 galaxies, registered ... Wikipedia
space- a, only units, m. Astronomical definition of the Universe. A space flight. Space exploration. Synonyms: macroco/smos (special), universe/nie (book) Related words: cosmodro/m, cosmona/w… Popular dictionary of the Russian language
Noun, m., used. compare often Morphology: (no) what? space, what? space, (I see) what? space, what? space, about what? about space Space is the space with stars and planets that is located outside the Earth's atmosphere. Space exploration. | ... Dictionary Dmitrieva
- (from the Greek kosmos order, structure, peace) term in other Greek. philosophy to designate the world as an orderly, organized and unified whole, arising from the original chaos. For the first time, ideas about chaos and chaos are found in ancient myths and more ... Philosophical Encyclopedia
The Marvel Universe is a fictional, shared universe where most of the comic book stories published by Marvel Comics take place. The Marvel Universe actually exists in a multiverse, made up of thousands of separate universes that are all... ... Wikipedia
The Marvel Universe is a fictional, shared universe where most of the comic book stories published by Marvel Comics take place. The Marvel Universe actually exists in a multiverse, made up of thousands of separate universes that are all created... ... Wikipedia
Cosmos: A Personal Voyage Genre Documentary Series Author(s) Carl Sagan, Anne Druyan, Stephen Sauter Narrator K ... Wikipedia
Cm … Synonym dictionary
Books
- Space. Earth. Human. Dialogues, Ikeda Daisaku. Book - dialogues between cosmonaut pilot, Hero Soviet Union A. A. Serebrov and the Japanese philosopher Daisaku Ikeda. Dialogues are dedicated various topics: preparation and training…
- Space, the Universe, the theory of everything almost without formulas, or How we got to the theory of superstrings (subseries "Physics") / 2nd ed. , Pokrovsky V.V.. When and how did the concept of “natural science” appear in its modern interpretation? Do material bodies influence time? Is it possible to create a black hole artificially? What happened in the beginning...
Yuri Lyubimov-Golubitsky,
7th grade student of the non-profit educational institution “Experimental School-Lyceum”,
Moscow
Every growing person necessarily asks the question: what is the Universe and what is Space? Maybe these are synonyms?
Universe― This is the entire world around us, the population of Space. This is the biosphere of the Earth familiar to us - people, plants and animals, viruses and bacteria invisible to our eyes. This is the world of astronomy and space flights - the Earth and other planets, the Sun, the stars of the Milky Way and other galaxies.
What is Space? It is difficult for a person to find words to talk about Space. I like one old eastern parable. The little fish asked the sea queen: “I constantly hear about the sea, but what the sea is, where it is - I don’t know.” The queen answered her: “The sea is outside and inside you. We emerge from the sea, live and after death we dissolve in it. The sea is like space."
Some scientists believe that Space is infinite space, vacuum, emptiness, Nothing. These scientists suggest that the Universe arose from the emptiness of Space as a result of a large vacuum explosion. After the explosion, a gas cloud formed. Stars, planets, and galaxies gradually formed from gas. Galaxies are moving away from each other, and the Universe is constantly expanding. This theory of the emergence of the Universe from Nothing and its expansion is called Theories big bang
(Fig. 1).
I think that emptiness cannot explode on its own, and nothing can arise from emptiness. The Big Bang theory describes just an episode in the life of the Universe. This theory does not explain in any way what life in Space is. Modern Scientific research confirm that the Universe exists and develops on other principles. I like another theory - Pulsating Universe Theory(Fig. 2).
According to this theory, Cosmos is the Absolute, the mysterious Nothing. Space exists forever. There is Life in Space. Life is interaction of Information, Energy and Substance. They are interconnected and transform into each other. There is a constant and eternal pulsation of Life in the Cosmos. There are countless Universes in Space, and ours is only one of them. Each Universe pulsates: it is born, lives and dies, like all living things in the Cosmos. Our planet Earth is also a living organism. Living things are multi-layered, united into communities or complex systems- alive organisms. Any living organism is part of communities or other, more complex organisms. For a living organism there is a life time, size, structure, hierarchy of subordination, probability and much more, which determines the diversity of forms of cosmic life.
Information
Information. Information fills the Cosmos and is present at every point in it in the form of a field, wave or vortex. Information is a meaningful characteristic of space. Information does not arise from Nothing and does not disappear without a trace. Information, Energy and Substance are eternally transforming into each other. For example, the source of Information is Energy and Substance. However, there is another theory that Information is primary and is the source of Energy and Substance. I don't support this theory.
Information is synthesized, copied, exchanged, accumulated by the Substance and destroyed along with it. Information field human - this is consciousness, intuition, memory, access codes to the information field of the Earth. Russian scientist V.I. Vernadsky called the information field of the Earth the noosphere.
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Reception and transmission of Information is impossible without Energy. “Whirlwinds of thoughts rapidly swarmed in my head” - this phrase very accurately conveys physical principle transmission of thought image information using vortexes of human psychic energy. The Internet is powered by radio wave energy or electric field energy. Radio waves of wireless Internet access Wi-Fi are replacing electric telephone access to the World Wide Web.
An important property of Information is availability: there is an access code - Information is available, no code - no access, Information is not available.
Examples. Information from the Bible text is available in translation from Hebrew (there is an access code). Internet information is accessible if you know the programs and login passwords (there are many access codes). Bacteria don’t even know how many books microbiologists have written about them (there is no access code, bacteria don’t read books). Information from the Subtle World is not available to every person (there may be an access code). Close people have access to each other's thoughts and often exchange information using telepathy - the transfer of thoughts at a distance. For example, parents can often pick up on a child's thoughts even if they are at a great distance and cannot see him. Sometimes it gets in the way.
Exist different ways preserving Information, for example, by creating a material copy of it. Let me give you a few examples.
Copying mental image information using a drawing. Drawing rock art primitive people- this is a way to save information about happy hunting. The access code to these drawings is simple - for thousands of years, they have been understandable to anyone. People look at cute mammoths, deer and horses with pleasure and interest, mentally plunging into the distant past of humanity and feeling the joy of the entire tribe anticipating dinner by the fire. A modern abstract painting made from cigarette butts glued to the canvas with paint is a way to preserve information about Chaos, which has captured the artist’s consciousness. I saw such a terrible picture as a child at an exhibition in the Russian Museum. There is no access code to the information of an abstract painting: some laugh, others are surprised, and some curse. An abstract painting is a flat material object that contains information only about what the painting is made of and how the paints are applied. But I. Aivazovsky’s painting is a portal, an entrance to another dimension: as soon as you begin to look at it, you instantly feel yourself flying over the waves, the air is humid and smells of the sea. I love Aivazovsky's paintings.
Copying quantitative information using numbers. Numbers are icons, an access code to quantitative information, and numbers are information about quantity, a way to store information about any number of objects of the material world. We know the convenient Eastern system of ten numbers: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, which the whole world uses in everyday life. They are called Arabic numerals, although in fact they are ancient Indian. We know the inconvenient European system numbers, which are traditionally used in European art: painting, architecture, book graphics. They are called Roman numerals, although they are actually ancient Greek. We know the modern binary system of two digit states: there is a signal (one) - no signal (zero). Binary system used in computer programs. With these two numbers, 0 and 1, a computer can store any information: quantitative, textual, drawn, musical, vocal, mental, photographic.
Copying semantic information using text. Letters or hieroglyphs are icons, access codes to semantic textual information, and text written in a language is a way to store the semantic information of a mental image. Textual information was previously stored on clay tablets, papyri, birch bark, leather, and paper. Nowadays, many texts from different museums and libraries around the world are stored on computer servers of the worldwide Internet information network. Museums around the world have collected many clay tablets of ancient Sumerians. Some of them have been deciphered, but most of- no: the access code for many texts in ancient languages has been lost. About 10 languages die on Earth every year. The ancient Egyptian language has been deciphered thanks to the Rosetta Stone: the same text is written on it in two languages, which allowed the French Egyptologist F. Champollion to decipher the textual information of a dead language.
Copying music information using musical notation. Music symbols are an access code to musical information, and music text is a way to save an information copy of music. A musician can “hear music with his eyes”: he only needs to skim the musical text with his eyes to mentally hear the melody. The German composer Ludwig van Beethoven became deaf at the end of his life and could only hear his beautiful music mentally. When musicians perform musical composition, they, with their psychic energy, revive its information copy, recorded by the composer in notes - the music comes to life, pulsates. No recording of the concert at electronic media(for example, a disc) cannot be compared with live music.
Information contradictory And many faces. The Bible says about the creation of the world: “In the Beginning was the Word.” The Word in the Bible is understood as Logos, Knowledge, Reason. But Logos exists only in connection with Chaos, the Unconscious, the Absurd. Information is multi-valued: in the same message there are always Logos and Chaos, Sense and Nonsense, Intelligence and Stupidity. Since ancient times, people have known that the world is controlled by the Divine Mind, or Logos. Logos is opposed by Chaos, which violates all programs and rules, and in their constant endless struggle, the World changes - evolves.
Example. The English scientist C. Darwin described the evolution of the animal world, occurring under the influence of mutations or random failures of the genetic code (the tricks of Chaos) or under the influence of the conscious will of man (the care of Logos). On the one hand, the extermination by man of the moa bird, aurochs and many other species of birds and animals is a manifestation of Chaos in man. But on the other hand, man ate these animals without a trace in order to survive - he was guided by the Logos. The work of veterinarians in breeding new breeds of animals is a manifestation of the Logos in man. Cloning animals in order to produce freaks: chickens with duck feet or tailless dogs is stupid fun of Chaos, meaningless interference in the genetic code - the program for synthesizing the Substance of a new organism.
Energy
Everything that happens in Space is connected with Energy. Energy, just like Information, does not arise from Nothing and does not disappear without a trace. Energy is the source of synthesis of Substance and Information, but, in turn, Information and Substance are the source of accumulation and the reason for the consumption of Energy.
Example. The plant produced seeds with poor germination: weather were unfavorable, the plant struggled to survive, and little growth bioenergy accumulated in the seeds. Such seeds are helped to germinate by soaking them in a plant growth stimulator before sowing. This liquid contains energy in the form of a nutrient substance and growth factors - special information molecules to launch growth processes. These molecules perform the same role as the ignition spark in an internal combustion engine.
Energy permeates Cosmic Space and is present at every point in it in the form of a field, wave or vortex. Energy is a dynamic characteristic of space, its potential. Energy can change from one type to another. We know such types of cosmic energy as light, heat, sound, electricity, magnetism, radio radiation, gravity, bioenergy, psychic energy, nuclear energy.
Example. river water falls on the wheel of a water mill. The energy of falling water turns into rotational energy. The wheel rotates the millstones, the millstones grind the grain into flour, the rotational energy turns into friction energy.
Example. Gasoline was poured into the car. When the car is started, gasoline enters the cylinder, a spark is given and a micro-explosion occurs - the substance of gasoline is destroyed, releasing the energy contained in the gasoline. The energy of micro-explosions through the mechanisms of the car turns into mechanical energy, then is converted into the energy of rotation of the wheels, and the car moves.
Example. On last lesson the students were tired, they were tired of studying, Chaos took over their consciousness, and they decided to play the fool. The teacher cannot pacify the students, since she does not have the special mental energy of a trainer. She calls for help from an “energy bomb” - the head teacher. The head teacher is full of taming energy and instantly restores order in the classroom. Students, having received a good portion of educational energy and charged with it, begin to read, write and count with at breakneck speed. The psychic energy of the head teacher was transformed into the bioenergy of the students.
Substance
In Space there is Substance- static characteristic of space, its mass. Today we know two types of cosmic substance: visible matter and invisible, so-called dark matter. According to scientists' calculations, 25% of the density of the Universe is dark matter, 70% is dark energy and only 5% is the mass of matter consisting of ordinary substance(atoms and molecules). Black holes have enormous hidden mass. Astronomers have already managed to observe hidden mass space objects. Some stars have twins. The ancient Egyptians, without telescopes, knew about the existence of a twin of the star Sirius. The priests' observations were reflected in Egyptian mythology. Ra is the god of light, sun, day and life. Anubis is the double of Ra, the god of night and death.
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Matter can be dense, concentrated. For example: liquids, gases, minerals, metals, protein bodies, essential oils. A person can see, hear, touch, smell the dense world of concentrated matter.
Matter can be thin, low-concentrated. For example: ethers, souls (clumps of cold plasma, or plasmoids), mental images. Subtle world matter, a person can feel or record using special instruments, including, for example, using digital camera(photo 1). In this photo you can see translucent spherical objects. The priests said that these were the souls of believers. I believe that these spheroids are material objects, since they reflected the light of the flash. But they consist of low-concentrated matter, which our eyes cannot see and our nose cannot feel. On the other hand, these spheroids may be clots of energy unknown to us, recorded by a camera. Finally, these spheroids may be a form of cosmic life unknown to us and possibly intelligent.
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Substance is an energy-information matrix, as it synthesizes, accumulates, stores, and transforms Energy and Information. The substance may be energy-intensive And information-intensive.
Example. A thundercloud is a dangerous energy-intensive substance consisting of water droplets. When in storm cloud Static electricity accumulates - an explosion occurs, and electrical energy breaks free in the form of lightning.
Example. Sex cell― it is an information-intensive substance, a natural perfect biocomputer. It contains information - a program for the synthesis of all types of cells and a program for constructing a whole organism from them.
Example. A photograph is a Substance, a piece of paper with paint applied to it. On the other hand, a photograph is Information and Energy of the depicted object: an information-intensive copy of the object and an energy-intensive copy of the reflection of the light energy of the flash from the object. Finally, photography is a mental image, an independent object of the material world. When looking at a photograph, sometimes objects can be seen from a perspective that was not perceived before the photograph was taken. For example, in photo 2 everyone sees something cosmic. I saw the birth of Universes - Multiverse. But this is only a mental image of a theory that interests me. In fact, I was photographing raindrops on a car window in the evening and was amazed by the image that suddenly appeared in the picture. In photo 3, everyone sees the image of a bird or an angel flying over the river, whichever you prefer. Everyone understands that this mental image is the main content of photography. In fact, I was filming a beautiful stormy river, foam and pebbles in the water. My eye captured the image of an angel, but at the moment of photographing I did not understand it. But I saw and realized only when looking at the photograph.
Interaction of Information, Energy and Substance
In the Cosmos there is a constant and eternal pulsation of Life - the interaction of Information, Energy and Substance. They exist forever and transform into each other.
Example. The DNA molecule stores voluminous hereditary information - the genome A set of genes localized in a single set of chromosomes of a given organism. (a program necessary to create a new substance - new cells of the body). When a new cell is created, the genome is copied. The energy stored by the cell is used to create new cells. When a cell dies, its unique information is erased and the energy is absorbed by other cells. However, numerous copies of the genome remain in the new cells, along with changes to the genome. The increase in changes in cell generations is the evolution of the protein substance.
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Example. An explosion occurred in the Galaxy, the material of a red star of enormous mass was destroyed. The energy of the explosion spreads in all directions in the form of light energy. The fireball of the explosion, consisting of photons and particles of matter (gas), cools. Molecules of various substances are formed from gas. The energy of the explosion was converted into matter from which new stars are created. New stars unite, resulting in a new Galaxy (Fig. 3).
The substance can produce, accumulate and consume significant reserves of Energy. For example, the Sun is a huge nuclear reactor that accumulates Energy and releases it in the form of light and thermal energy into outer space. Thanks to solar energy there is life on Earth.
Energy can turn into Substance, and Substance into Energy. The formation of Substance occurs with the absorption of Energy. The destruction of Substance leads to the release of Energy.
Example. The grass in the field burned. Ash is formed - a fertilizer that increases the energy of the soil. Grain was sown on the field and it grew good harvest. Bread was made from grain. The food is broken down in the human stomach, the energy of the food is released, keeps the person alive and allows him to grow a new crop.
The destruction of the Substance may be accompanied by an explosion or other means of releasing Energy. Released upon explosion great amount Energy accumulated by the Substance.
Scientists have come up with an atomic reactor - a special device for releasing energy accumulated in the atoms of matter. The atomic energy produced by these devices at nuclear power plants is converted into electrical energy and is used by humans for peaceful purposes - in production, for lighting and heating. Scientists also came up with formidable weapon- atomic bomb. As a result of the explosion atomic bomb the atoms of the substance are destroyed, and energy is released, which has enormous destructive power.
Recently, Russian scientists came up with and tested even more terrible weapon ― vacuum bomb. The explosion of this bomb will produce shock wave from hot gases. Within its radius of action, everything burns and turns to ash, not even radiation remains, and the earth after the explosion resembles a lunar landscape.
I believe that experiments with bombs are very harmful to the Earth. The United Nations should ban them in all countries of the world: Earth―alive, Earth―our common home.
Universe and Cosmos: Microcosm and Macrocosm
The Universe lives and develops according to the uniform laws of the Cosmos: Microcosm and Macrocosm are similar. The main type of movement in the micro- and macrocosm is rotation. The French scientist R. Descartes, who argued that everything in the world rotates, created the vortex theory of life in the Universe.
The structure of an atom of matter is very similar to the structure of the solar system. An atom consists of a core - a small sun and electrons - planets that revolve around the core in their orbits (Fig. 4).
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It is interesting to mentally penetrate into the world of crystal rock crystal and see from the inside a piece of the life of one electron. The substance of a crystal consists of molecules, molecules - of atoms, atoms - of nuclei and electrons. Countless electrons swirl around the atomic nuclei, and what appears to us to be a solid, sparkling crystal is actually a seething electron cloud, an endless bee-like swarm of spinning electrons. Atoms rotate in molecules, molecules rotate in the crystal lattice of matter, a crystal crystal makes complex movements, rotating with the Earth around earth's axis and at the same time around the Sun, solar system rotates along with other stars in the Milky Way... You can make a very interesting computer film about this.
Very similar processes occur in the micro and macro worlds, since the Universe lives and develops according to uniform laws and principles. The theory of a pulsating Universe allows scientists not only to explore life on Earth, but also to build theories about the future development of the Universe.
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New model of the multi-element Universe “Multiverse”
Recently, astrophysicists proposed new model multi-element multi-connected Universe with beautiful name"Multiverse", or "Many Worlds". According to this theory, Space contains a boiling vacuum that constantly produces “bubbles.” The “bubbles” expand, creating different universes similar to ours. These universes exist in different dimensions, time flows in them differently, but they are connected to each other by spatial tunnels (Fig. 5).
This theory explains many mysteries, such as the riddle Bermuda Triangle. I'm interested in how this theory will develop further. I hope that in space, besides protein organisms, there are other forms of life. It is possible that universes are one of the forms of cosmic life, and the boiling vacuum is their habitat.
Notes
1. Wi-Fi (from English Wireless Fidelity - wireless reliability) is a wireless technology for connecting computers to a network or connecting them to the Internet, based on the use of radio waves. Can be used when working with laptops, pocket personal computers and other mobile devices. - Ed.
2. Rosetta stone - basalt slab with parallel text 196 BC in Greek and Ancient Egyptian (demotic and hieroglyphic writing) languages. Found near the city of Rosetta (now the city of Rashid, Egypt) in 1799 ― Ed.
3. According to modern data, Sirius is a double star. The main component Sirius A is the most bright Star our sky. The second component Sirius B is a faint star, invisible to the eye, a white dwarf. - Ed.
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