The main function of the OECD is to coordinate the economic policies of its member countries in order to mitigate the contradictions arising in the global economic system. Among the most important areas of OECD activity are issues of regulation of international trade, stabilization of the monetary system, problems of relations with developing countries. However, decisions taken on these issues are purely advisory in nature and rarely entail concerted action.
Officially declared goals of the OECD:
- 1. Promoting sustainable social and economic development of both participating and non-participating countries, developing effective methods coordinating their trade and public policies;
- 2. Promoting the achievement of the most high level sustainable economic growth, employment and living standards in member countries while maintaining financial stability, thereby contributing to the development of the global economy;
- 3. Promotion of global trade and a multilateral non-discrimination framework in accordance with international obligations;
- 4. Stimulation and coordination of actions in the field of assistance to developing countries;
The main activities of the OECD are:
- 1. Assisting member countries in formulating policy objectives aimed at achieving economic and social development;
- 2. Promoting coordinated policies that help ensure economic growth, as well as internal and external financial stability;
- 3. Assistance in removing obstacles to the exchange of goods, services, as well as current payments; further liberalization of capital movements;
- 4. Assistance effective use economic resources;
- 5. Encouraging research and training in the field of science and technology;
- 6. Promoting the development of developing countries by providing technical assistance;
- 7. Carrying out relations with all levels of government of the member countries;
- 8. Maintaining connections with others international organizations to ensure effective cooperation; cooperation with regional economic organizations;
- 9. Providing the OECD with the information necessary to carry out its tasks and the mutual exchange of such information among its members;
- 10. Conducting conferences, meetings, consultations, and research on an ongoing basis; edition information materials: monographs, periodicals, technical and statistical bulletins, specialized literature and conference materials.
The OECD has issued a Code on the Operations of TNCs, the purpose of which is to ensure that TNCs support the economic and political objectives of member countries, and the OECD has also issued several guidelines on how multinational corporations publish financial statements and operational information. The OECD performs an important function: it serves as a forum in which different countries can discuss political, economic and social aspects of mutual interest, and come to agreement on issues requiring joint action.
Activity
The OECD is actively involved in various issues related to globalization. The Organization’s activities are aimed at creating optimal conditions for the free flow of capital and intangible products (for example, services and intellectual property) in the global economy. In this area work in progress to monitor compliance with the terms of the Code for the Liberalization of Capital Movements and the Code for the Liberalization of Current Invisible Operations.
In the field of improvement international system Taxation The OECD explores the negative effects of tax competition between individual countries (we're talking about on the practice of creating offshore and other special zones), is improving the Model Convention on Taxation of Income and Capital, and expanding access for countries outside the organization to the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Authorities on Transfer Pricing.
The rapid development of international trade requires the creation of an appropriate competitive environment for its participants, including in the field of relations with government agencies partner countries. It is no secret that bribery of government officials is widely used by trading firms to facilitate penetration into the markets of some countries, and this distorts the objective picture of the comparative economic profitability of foreign trade transactions and undermines competition. In this regard, the OECD developed the “Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Trade Transactions.” The Convention was signed in December 1997 by the OECD countries Argentina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile and Slovakia. Currently time is running the process of ratification of the Convention by national parliaments, after which it comes into force. Countries that have acceded to the Convention are required to adopt domestic legislation that provides penalties for national participants in international trade who pay bribes to foreign officials.
One of the specific phenomena accompanying the globalization of world economic life is the rapid penetration of computer networks, especially the Internet, into the internal and foreign trade. In this regard, the OECD is involved in the development of universal international rules for regulating electronic commerce. However, the OECD focuses here primarily not on measures of strict regulation and control, but on various aspects of protecting consumer rights and avoiding the introduction of unjustified barriers and restrictions in the field of electronic commerce at the national level.
- (OECD) See: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Economy. Dictionary. M.: INFRA M, Ves Mir Publishing House. J. Black. General editor: Doctor of Economics Osadchaya I.M.. 2000 ... Economic dictionary
OECD- ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT… Legal encyclopedia
OECD- OECD OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development English, organization, fin. OECD English: Organization for economic co-operation and development, OECD Source: http://www.teletrade.ru/analytics/news/show/150271 OECD Dictionary: S. Fadeev ... Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations
- (see ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT) ... encyclopedic Dictionary economics and law
OECD- (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) an organization created in 1961 to promote economic growth, improve living standards, maintain financial stability, and develop trade on a multilateral basis;… … Brief dictionary basic forestry and economic terms
OECD- optical electronic means intelligence (plural) optical-electronic intelligence means Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ... Dictionary of Russian abbreviations
OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)- (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, OECD), industrial organization developed countries, created in 1961; headquarters in Paris. The OECD promotes economics, and social development member states through policy coordination; helps... Peoples and cultures
One of the leading international economic organizations designed to coordinate and develop a unified economic policy capitalist countries, created in 1961 after the ratification of the Convention establishing the OECD, signed in 1960... ... Legal encyclopedia
ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT, OECD- (English Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, OECD) - an organization created on the basis of the Organization of European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) in 1960. As of March 1998, members. OECD included 32 countries, incl. Australia, Austria,... ... Financial and credit encyclopedic dictionary
ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT (OECD)- (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OECD) international intergovernmental organization. Created in 1961. The OECD acted as the successor to the Organization for European Economic Cooperation, which existed in 1948-1960... ... Political science: dictionary-reference book
Books
- Anti-corruption standards of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and their implementation in the Russian Federation: Monograph, . The monograph is devoted to legal issues of the functioning and activities of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in the anti-corruption field. The publication contains a comprehensive…
- OECD Economic Reviews 2004. Russian Federation, September 2004, . The book is another analytical review of the state and development trends of the Russian economy, prepared by the OECD on the basis of large-scale research. In this Review, special…
- Analysis of international practice in assessing the effectiveness of the implemented competition policy and the performance of the competition authority, I. V. Knyazeva. The article systematizes international practices developed by competition authorities foreign countries and the OECD to assess the effectiveness of competition policies implemented by agencies and...
Today, 36 countries with developed democratic institutions and market economies are members of the OECD. Active partnership relationship The OECD cooperates with more than 70 non-member countries, of which 24 countries regularly participate in the activities of various OECD Committees as observers. OECD member countries account for:
- 17.7% of the world's population
- More than 60% of world GDP.
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Created in the early 1960s, in beginning of XXI century, the OECD was faced with the need to carry out deep internal reform in order to adapt to new realities and the conditions of increasing globalization. In this regard, a wide discussion took place in the OECD about what its mission and role could become in the future in the face of new challenges and threats, in particular, the question of expanding the OECD arose. As a result of discussions, the OECD Outreach Strategy was developed in 2004. As part of the expansion strategy, a special group of OECD experts led by Japanese Ambassador Seichiro Noboru formulated several criteria on the basis of which potential members are selected for membership in the OECD - the so-called “Noboru criteria”, which include:
- Commonality of approaches (Like-mindedness)
- Significance on international arena(Significant player)
- Mutual benefit
- Global considerations
In accordance with by decision adopted by the OECD Council on May 16, 2007., two main “expansion waves” are identified:
oThe “first wave” included five countries - Russia, Chile, Estonia, Israel and Slovenia - which received an invitation to begin the accession negotiation process (to date only Russia has not joined the Organization);
oThe “second wave” included five countries – Brazil, China, India, Indonesia and South Africa – with which the OECD will expand cooperation, taking into account their possible future membership in the Organization.
OECD countries and countries included in the Enlargement and Global Partnership Strategy
OECD members
Countries of the “first wave” of expansion
Countries of the “second wave” of expansion
OECD Global Partnership Strategy
The OECD Outreach Strategy is broader than relations with non-member countries, and there is currently a transition from the concept of “outreach” to the concepts of “global relations”, “global partnership” ), “enhanced engagement”. The concept of global interaction allows us to take into account two main dimensions of expansion - expansion based on cooperation with non-member countries (reaching-in) and expansion through cooperation with other international organizations and non-state actors (reaching-out). It also gives the OECD a global dimension and forms the basis for international cooperation, based on the principles of multi-level interaction and “open coordination”. Part of the “global partnership” strategy is the Heiligendamm-L'Aquila process.
At the G8 summit in June 2007 in Heiligendamm, Germany, it was decided that, under the auspices of the OECD, a dialogue would be organized between the G8 and the largest developing countries included in the so-called “O5” (Outreach five) - China, India , Mexico, Brazil, South Africa. This initiative is called Heiligendamm process. The Heiligendamm process covers four main areas of cooperation:
o Promote cross-border investment for mutual benefit, including encouraging responsible business behavior;
o Promotion of research and innovation, including cooperation in the field of protection of intellectual property rights;
o Energy, with special attention to energy efficiency;
o Promoting development, especially in Africa.
This new role of the OECD is logical, given the successful experience of the OECD's many years of activity in promoting development, as well as the ongoing process of expansion of the Organization.
At the G8 summit in July 2009 in the Italian city of L'Aquila, the partners agreed to continue the dialogue under the title Heiligendamm-L'Aquila Process (HAP), the results of which will be presented at the G8 summit in France in 2011. The corresponding decision is enshrined in joint statement summit participants ( Joint Declaration: Promoting the Global Agenda).
Possible topics for continuing the dialogue:
o Freedom of mutually beneficial investments;
o The role of innovation and technology in the process of sustainable social economic development;
o Strategic approaches to development issues and its social dimension;
o Assistance to the most vulnerable states;
o Food security and reform of relevant international organizations;
o Energy;
o Other possible issues in accordance with the decisions of the Steering Committee. Interest in some issues has already been indicated.
This process is a political dialogue, the stated purpose of which is to strengthen mutual understanding between countries in areas of common interest. Among them, the document names freedom of mutually beneficial investments, development of innovations, social issues, assistance to the most vulnerable states, food security and energy.
The co-chairs of the leadership of the KhAP committee are one of the countries from the Group of Eight and one of the countries from the Group of Five. Committee meetings are held alternately in a country included in the G8 or the Five.
IN different times Economic Cooperation and Development Organizations have given different definitions. It had to be a scientific center and a regulatory body, as well as a club whose members included only rich countries. Each hypostasis is correct in its own way, but is not able to reflect the completeness of the essence of the organization. OECD countries are an international organization in which the policies of its members are formed.
a brief description of
The OECD is an organization for economic cooperation and development consisting of 35 countries. This union resembles a kind of forum within which representatives of the participating countries discuss economic and social politics, exchange takes place international experience, are searching for current solutions, and developing a joint strategy to solve them.
In fact, there is a generalization of common national views and approaches to resolving all kinds of interethnic problems and the conclusion of deals on possible actions based on common jointly developed methods.
Driving force of the organization
Often the result of such meetings is a broader range of directions in relation to public policy, including clarification of the effectiveness of the influence exerted on the interethnic community. Such events are very significant because they provide an opportunity to exchange views on the prospects that open up for countries that are in similar economic and political circumstances. To put it in a word, this is a club of interests.
The basic condition for membership is loyalty to the state market economy, as well as deep beliefs that the group acts as driving force politicians. The OECD transcript is fully consistent with the spirit of the organization itself.
Isolation or openness
The organization maintains contacts with different countries, moreover, from among those that are not part of it. The interaction scheme is based on a variety of joint programs. However, sometimes such cooperation leads to an increase in the number of OECD participants in the future.
The subject of discussions held by representatives of participating countries is often analytical reviews that come from the OECD Secretariat. Decoding of specialized departments includes collecting information, tracking sentiment, reviewing economic trends, studying social shifts, technological progress, and the taxation system.
The work listed is divided into areas for which they are responsible. structural units departments. In addition, specialized departments cooperate with individuals who subsequently use the collected information to make key life-changing decisions. Substantial part analytical materials goes into open publication.
OECD countries, in the process of exchanging views among participants, often come to the creation of generally binding codes that regulate the unhindered movement of capital and agreements regarding the fight against.
OECD countries: scale of influence
The OECD's share of the world's share is 60%. The organization carries out extensive analytical work, creating a platform for participating countries to conduct multifaceted negotiations regarding economic problems. In addition, OECD countries actively combat money laundering, tax evasion, etc. The participation of the organization made it possible to develop certain mechanisms aimed at ending the tax oases created by individual countries.
Along with this, OECD countries maintain their own blacklists of states that engage in unfair tax competition. As of 2007, this list consisted of following countries– Monaco, Andorra and Liechtenstein.
At the same time, the work profile is aimed not only at the geographical expansion of the OECD. The definition and area of interest of the organization includes the impact of current globalization processes on the economies of isolated countries, which can open up possible growth prospects or cause a defensive reaction.
Expanding contacts has a proportionate impact on the growth of the OECD's sphere of interest. The main difference from the IMF or the World Bank is that the organization does not place money. Its main task is to generate fresh ideas based on scientific research and political review.
OECD countries
As mentioned above, the OECD list includes thirty-five participants, including: Australia Austria Belgium Great Britain Hungary Germany Greece Denmark Ireland Iceland Italy Spain Canada Luxembourg Mexico Norway Netherlands New Zealand Portugal Poland Slovakia USA Turkey France Finland Czech Republic Switzerland Sweden South Korea Japan, etc.
Anyone interested in trends in the global economy is certainly aware of the existence of such an authoritative organization as the OECD. The abbreviation says that this structure has existed for quite a long time, and over time its influence is only increasing.
Globalization of the world economy
OECD expansion
It is not uncommon to hear about the OECD's claims to world domination. There are certain grounds for such statements. The organization today includes 34 countries, including most of union. OECD countries account for about sixty percent of the world's industrial production. But this only means that living in modern technological world and it is simply impossible to be isolated from it. Many countries cooperate with the OECD in a number of areas without being its members. The expansion of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development is limited by strict standards that countries seeking full membership must meet. The OECD list for expansion includes the following: significant countries with rapidly developing economies such as Brazil, India, China, Indonesia and South Africa.
OECD and Russian Federation
The OECD's relations with Russia are not easy. For many years Russian Federation declared a course towards integration into this international structure. A significant step in this direction was Russia’s entry into the World trade organization. But in March 2014, the process of Russia’s integration into the OECD was suspended indefinitely. The reason for this was mainly economic sanctions against the backdrop of the Ukrainian crisis. But the intensified anti-Western rhetoric in Russian ruling circles is also significant. Many in Russia question the very need for the country's integration into this international structure. Anti-globalist conservative tendencies are increasingly manifested in many countries and regions of the world. Russia is no exception in this regard.
Prospects for globalization
In less than seven decades of its existence, the OECD, the decoding of whose name indicates claims to global influence, managed to become a very authoritative structure. At the beginning of the third millennium, new prospects and directions of activity in the sphere of coordinating economic development and the global division of labor opened up before it. Global production material assets in the twenty-first century is increasingly shifting to the region South-East Asia. And the OECD organization performs a coordinating function in this process. It promotes a balanced consideration of the legitimate interests of owners of intellectual property rights to high-tech products and those who produce these products.
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