IN natural conditions of a modern landfill for recycling, waste decomposes within a month, newspapers, cardboard, fallen leaves - up to 4 months, cans and old shoes - up to 10 years, and batteries, tires, plastic bottles and glass - up to 100, 140, 200 and 1000 years, respectively. Considering their annually increasing volume, humanity very soon risks drowning in the waste products of its vital activity. Moreover, it is no longer possible to combat the problem through banal arson, since large-scale flows of smog can cause irreparable harm to the health of the population. In this light great value the issue of processing arises.

The state is taking certain steps in this direction, but business is more able to cope with the task more effectively. In Europe, waste recycling brings huge profits, which has caused high competition in this area. On the territory of the Russian Federation, the industry is still poorly developed, which gives excellent chances to eventually take a leading position, becoming one of the largest suppliers of secondary raw materials industrial enterprises.

Industry Features

The profitability of a medium-sized waste recycling plant can reach 30% or more. However, when organizing production, an entrepreneur will face a number of difficulties.

The cost of a complex designed for the collection, delivery, reception, and processing of household solid waste (MSW) of most types (excluding hazardous ones, for which work requires obtaining separate licenses and high-tech equipment) will require more than tens of millions of dollars. Moreover, the largest part will be the cost of the installations themselves. In addition, you will have to look for a production area larger than 500 m² and corresponding warehouses. In most cases, building from scratch is more profitable than renting, despite the high costs. One of the additional items in this case will be the laying of communications, obtaining permits, licenses, approvals, and so on.

Help make your start easier governmental support, loans, grants and other ways to obtain additional financing. During negotiations, remember that the introduction of modern and safe ways recycling waste is beneficial to local authorities. This can be a good argument in favor of allocating land or providing optimal premises.

Entrepreneurs who are not yet ready for such large-scale investments can carve out their niche with local projects. For example, organize the reception of already sorted waste of a certain type. Or just its processing. In this case, you will only need to purchase a complete line for working with one or another type of raw material (most often, we are talking about paper, glass or plastic).

Types of solid waste in terms of profitability

IN ideal a full-fledged plant must perform the full range of functions for sorting and processing waste:

• reception of municipal solid waste (sorted and mixed);
• sorting and processing of suitable resources (waste paper, polymers, broken glass, textiles, scrap metal);
• production of structural products from recycled secondary raw materials.

However, in practice, novice entrepreneurs most often choose a narrow area of ​​activity. In this case, we can distinguish several typical “scenarios” for the operation of an enterprise, depending on the chosen type:

• Cardboard and paper. In this case, you can organize a small enterprise that collects, presses and sells the resulting product, or open a full-fledged processing plant.
• Polymers. Similar to the previous point. The most common companies collect waste and make recycled pellets from it, which are then purchased by companies that produce plastic products.
• Glass. As a rule, entrepreneurs choose between collecting containers (cullet glass) and running a recycling business.
• Tires. Here we are most often talking about full-cycle enterprises - from collection to processing. Work can be carried out according to one of three algorithms: collection of worn-out materials from motor transport enterprises, purchase from the population with the organization of collection points, or paid acceptance for recycling.

The priority work strategy and type of raw materials are determined based on several factors, individual for each settlement. The most important of them is the standards for accumulation of solid waste. This indicator indicates their quantity formed per unit of time under certain conditions. Knowing this, you can quite accurately calculate how much raw material can be obtained by working in a certain area.

Speaking about profitability, the following data can be given:

• aluminum, steel, other metal - almost 100% of the resulting raw materials are processed;
• textiles - depending on the type of fiber, up to 50% of the material can be recycled;
• waste paper - the share of useful raw materials in unsorted waste is about 35%;
• glass - similar to waste paper.

When considering the prospects of this business, it is also necessary to take into account the liquidity of raw materials. It could be:

• Highly liquid- a class of secondary raw materials from which, as a result of processing under existing conditions, it is possible to obtain products in demand by customers and sell them profitably. This is scrap metal of all types, clean waste from the paper and textile industries, glass waste without impurities, etc.
• Moderately liquid- Solid waste of average quality, suitable for producing in-demand products, but not highly profitable (the cost of the finished material is approximately equal to the cost on the market). This is mixed waste paper, cardboard, plastic with impurities, textile items, large wooden elements, broken glass, tires.
• Low liquidity- requiring significant effort for disposal and unprofitable for recycling. These are moisture-resistant cardboard and paper, polymer mixtures, bird fluff, glass cullet with significant contamination. In this case, you can earn income by recycling waste at the expense of the supplier.
• Illiquid- hazardous waste that cannot be disposed of. For example, multilayer polymer packaging and laminated paper are not suitable for obtaining secondary raw materials, so they are processed at the expense of the customer or special sources of funding - municipalities, etc.

Currently, about 93% of garbage in the Russian Federation is disposed of in landfills and landfills. Considering the volumes, many entrepreneurs have every chance to occupy a worthy niche in a developing business.

Where to get raw materials?

The simplest, but also the most labor-intensive way is to negotiate with the management of landfills or the municipality about the opportunity to independently select the necessary waste. As a rule, at this stage it is beneficial to involve an “asocial element” in the work.

A “cleaner” technology is to conclude agreements with markets, institutions, and enterprises for the removal of sorted waste of the category you need. In this case, “they” reduce the cost of garbage removal, and the entrepreneur receives the necessary materials. True, this does not work with all types of garbage.

Where to sell recycled waste?

One ton of processed and compressed polymer waste costs about 15 thousand rubles on the market, aluminum cans - about 50 thousand rubles, crumb rubber- about 16 thousand rubles, cardboard - about 12 thousand rubles. The daily productivity of the average capacity of a waste processing line is 8-10 tons of recyclable materials. Accordingly, the monthly turnover will be several million rubles, depending on other initial data.

For the most part, consumers of recycled waste paper, tin and polymers are various industries. Such companies are present in different regions and, as practice shows, they are happy to purchase raw materials from local producers. However, it must be remembered that the consumer is already accustomed to comfort and prefers to receive high-quality purified and carefully compressed raw materials, which are easy to work with and convenient to store.

What documents are needed to register a business?

Each country and even region will have its own characteristics of registering a waste recycling enterprise. Therefore, it is necessary to visit a number of authorities and consult with specialists from each of them. When opening a business abroad, it is advisable to immediately enlist the support of a qualified lawyer.

The priority form of business registration will be or its equivalent in your country. In the Russian Federation, for this you need to provide the company's charter, articles of association, minutes of the meeting of owners and an application (form 11001).

Large financial flows in the process of operations make the OSNO taxation system optimal for the plant. In this case, income tax will be 20%, and VAT - 18%. At the same time, the entrepreneur is not subject to restrictions on the number of personnel, the value of property, etc. When registering, code 38 is indicated, which allows you to recycle and dispose of everything.

Since most types of solid waste are classified as hazard class 4-5, it is necessary to obtain a processing license, which is issued by the district Rosprirodnadzor. Specialists will conduct an environmental assessment and issue a permit. Next, you will need permission from the SES, water and utilities settlement, as well as fire departments. In total, registration issues take from 3 to 4 months.

Recruitment

Since waste sorting and recycling are “dirty” processes with low wages, there are not many people willing to fill the vacant position. However, to launch even a small plant, it is necessary to include 25-30 employees on staff. And even if they are found from the first moment, you need to be prepared for staff turnover - not everyone can withstand prolonged contact with garbage.

To retain existing staff and attract new ones, an entrepreneur needs to optimize salaries for a particular region, take care of comfortable conditions labor (uniform, disposable protective items, shower), think about ways to motivate. Wage employees is the main expense item, but at this stage industry development without people, the enterprise simply will not function.

Processing technology

At a universal plant, the waste recycling process includes the following stages:

• Waste delivered from the landfill is unloaded onto a receiving site, where it is manually removed bulky waste- construction, Appliances, furniture items, etc.
• Using a loader, the remaining mass is transferred to a receiving hopper, from where it is fed onto an inclined and then onto a horizontal conveyor.
• On a horizontal conveyor, waste is sorted by type. This operation is performed manually by employees of 8-15 people.
• Sorted waste is placed into carts through hatches in the overpass and delivered to presses (each for its own type of waste).
• The waste is pressed into briquettes, tied and sent to a warehouse, and then to the customer, as a rule, for further processing.

Necessary equipment

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The configuration of the waste processing technological line depends on the type of solid waste and the scale of activity. A classic full-cycle installation (from waste reception to compaction and storage) includes a number of units:

• Reception bunker. This can be a container or a concrete covered area where bulky waste is removed from the mass of waste. The supply of solid waste to the conveyor can be carried out automatically or using loading equipment.
• Receiving hopper with plate conveyor. This unit is necessary for uniform supply of waste for sorting.
• Separator. This is where small fractions of waste are sifted out.
• Horizontal Belt Conveyor. In most cases, it is serviced by operators who select certain fractions and dump them into separate containers. Depending on the types of waste selected for processing, the number of operators (and the containers themselves) may vary.
• Main separator for collecting ferrous metal(usually located at the end of the conveyor).
• Receiving hopper for waste that cannot be recycled.
• Storage bins for sorted ones.
• Baling presses- separate for each type of waste.
• Storage device for bulky waste.

In addition to the equipment listed, consumables may be required for recycling. For example, to prevent delamination and scattering of finished briquettes at the pressing stage, add special compounds. Another option to make transportation more comfortable is to purchase a binding line, where the briquettes are wrapped with strap tape or polyester film.

How much does the whole complex cost?

Construction from scratch of a universal plant designed to collect and process the maximum possible number of types of waste (from waste paper and plastic to rubber and glass) will cost about $20 million. A small workshop designed to work with a specific type of raw material can be organized for 50-200 thousand dollars.

A couple of years ago " garbage business» people from RAO UES decided to do it. The total investment in the Eco-System Group of Companies amounted to 16 billion rubles. The profitability of this area is estimated at 30%, which, together with the required volumes of cash injections, makes it unaffordable and uninteresting for small and medium-sized businesses. Contrary to popular belief, in Europe, the construction of solid waste recycling and processing plants is also mainly carried out by energy giants. For example, the German E. On is building a not very large plant in Cardiff.

Site columnist Elizaveta Semyonova figured out how to build a business in the field of recycling and waste processing, what funds and resources are needed for this, how things are with competition in this area and whether it is possible to make money from such a business.

Garbage is a unique resource: people are willing to pay for both its acquisition and its sale. In addition, this resource is inexhaustible.

Recycling - headache municipal authorities, a potentially knowledge-intensive industry with virtually zero competition and a highly profitable business.

None of the regions of Russia has developed system waste management. To understand the scale of the problem: the country currently has more than 31 billion tons of unrecycled waste. Unutilized means those with which nothing was done: they were not burned, not buried, and especially not processed - they are simply located on Russian territory.

The problem of waste disposal in the 21st century seems especially ridiculous because at every stage of this process there is money to be made - literally from nothing.

Legal side of the issue

State participation in recycling consists of environmental supervision, licensing, reporting, monitoring compliance with standards and setting tariffs for waste disposal.

The legal regulation of garbage relations (Federal Law “On Production and Consumption Waste”) is determined by five classes: from “extremely hazardous” waste of the first class to “virtually non-hazardous” waste of the fifth. Categorization is based on the level of damage to the environment (examples in order of decreasing damage: mercury, asbestos dust - petroleum products, acids - pig manure, diesel fuel- tires, paper - shells, sawdust), but for commercial analysis it is more convenient to group classes by origin. The first three classes are industrial and construction waste, and the fourth and fifth are household waste (the so-called MSW - municipal solid waste).

The owner of waste of classes 1–4 can transfer the right to dispose of it to a person only if that person has the appropriate license: for their use, neutralization, transportation, disposal. From January 1, 2016, any unlicensed activity of this kind will be considered illegal. In addition, all people involved in such a business must have a certificate confirming their professional training.

To find out what class of waste you will have to deal with, its owner (legal entity) must order an examination. In addition to the fact that garbage is considered property, it also has a passport.

The law says nothing about solid waste of the fifth, non-hazardous class. Thus, no permits are needed if the business operates with food waste, metals, waste paper, wood, plastic containers, plastic film.

There are several main stages in the disposal and processing of solid waste.

Transportation

The primary task of waste disposal is its direct removal from the consumer’s territory.

The company of Canadian Brian Scudamore began with a used truck for $700 and the slogan “We"ll stash your trash in a flash!” (“We'll destroy your trash in no time!”) in 1989. While saving money for college, Scudamord free time took away trash that couldn't be dealt with local authorities. Freed from the problem, the clients willingly paid, and the entrepreneur ultimately chose trash over study. Today, his company, 1-800-GOT-JUNK, has annual revenues of more than $100 million, with franchises in the United States, Canada and Australia.

Pros: there is no need for rental, complex equipment and expensive specialists.

Minuses: A significant expense item is fuel costs. In addition, it will not be possible to unload garbage on the side of the road; you need to negotiate with the landfill.

Profitability: cost of removing a standard container (0.8 cubic meters) in Moscow - from 330 rubles. One garbage truck contains 25–60 such containers. Pricing in this area is subject to market laws, but is highly dependent on tariffs for waste storage (disposal).

Starter kit: special transport, drivers.

Competition: garbage removal from private individuals is included in the “maintenance of residential premises” and is under the responsibility of municipalities, while maintenance legal entities The competition is quite high - about 500 official companies are registered in Moscow alone.

Peculiarities: The main problem of this business is reducing transport costs. The solution is achieved in two ways, both of which involve increasing capacity garbage containers: a garbage truck with a press (several times increases transportation productivity and reduces the cost of disposal), a trash can with a press (beneficial for the client because it reduces the frequency of garbage removal).

Pressing

The American company Seahorse Power began developing bins with a press in 2004, introducing the world to the autonomous BigBelly pressing units at solar powered. The operation of the press is based on a chain drive without using the principles of hydraulics, and maintenance of the installation is reduced only to the annual lubrication of the door locking mechanism.

The wireless notification system allows you to automatically monitor the container fill level, giving additional features to improve process logistics. The price tag for the device ($3.1-3.9 thousand) can be considered as a long-term investment, since the capacity of the container is five times higher than that of a conventional tank.

The company is valued today at $5 million.

Source: Wikipedia

Despite the importance of timely waste removal and compaction, the above-described manipulations do not solve main problem: garbage needs to be stored somewhere or destroyed somehow.

You can look at waste as rubbish that needs to be disposed of, or as a resource. These opposing principles form two approaches to waste management.

Accommodation

Disposal of waste - its storage or burial: waste with an uncertain fate needs to be stored somewhere, but burial implies complete isolation, preventing any interaction with the environment.

Pros: business for the lazy.

Minuses: rapid depletion of area (a million-plus city requires an additional 40 hectares annually), relatively low profitability (since landfill tariffs are set by the municipality).

Profitability: disposal of a ton of solid waste in Leningrad region costs 400–1000 rubles, a non-pressing garbage truck can deliver from two to ten tons at a time.

Starter kit: several hectares of free land outside the settlement, water protection and recreational zones.

Competition: There are officially 1,092 landfills in Russia, and almost all of them are already approaching or exceeding 100% occupancy.

Peculiarities: the landfill must have a waterproof bottom and protection from the wind, so ideally it should be built. However, most landfills are of “natural” origin - such as “Krasny Bor” in the Leningrad region, located above clay deposits. It was assumed that the clay would protect groundwater from toxic substances, - it turned out not.

Legal subtleties: it is necessary to obtain permission to create a location (confirms compliance with geological, hydrological and other standards), enter the landfill into the unified state register and monitor the environmental situation - even after the end of operation.

Waste incineration

In most cases, arson is carried out illegally - in order to somehow relieve the pressure on landfills. There are only about ten legal waste incineration plants in Russia today.

Low competition should not create illusions: although it is expected to achieve profit through associated energy production, most waste incineration plants are exclusively subsidized, since the combustion of solid waste by all rules is a very expensive procedure. Therefore, considering such recycling as a business would be overly optimistic.

The only advantage of waste incineration is that it reduces the volume of waste by 90-95%, that is, it saves space at the landfill, but this cannot justify the terrible damage that this causes to the environment.

Those who are passionate about the idea of ​​more progressive waste management need to be prepared for the following obstacle: the fact that in Russia disposal is charged by the state - and charged cheaply - demotivates people to look for any alternative methods of disposal. For comparison, in the United States, burying and incinerating waste is three times more expensive than recycling it.

Sorting

Any processing is impossible without sorting. Wherein most of recyclables are lost consumer properties when mixed in a common container, paper, for example, becomes damp and rots. Therefore, recycling is most effective (and easy to implement) if sorting is carried out at the waste collection stage - this way, up to 60-80% of solid waste can be reused. However, this requires a revision of the entire recycling paradigm ( famous project in this area - the Japanese concept of Zero Waste).

Pros: the demand for sorting is quite high - you can find a buyer even abroad (for example, the Swedes and Danes import garbage from Germany and Norway to produce electricity).

Minuses: expensive equipment- a full-fledged waste sorting complex costs around 4 million rubles. The costs of organizing separate collection waste in St. Petersburg alone costs 1.5 billion rubles.

Profitability: depends on the quality of the raw materials. In rubles per ton: waste paper - from 500 to 10,000, broken glass - 2000–3000, plastic - up to 4000, ferrous scrap metal - up to 8000.

Starter kit: premises, installations (shredder, press, conveyor, crusher and others), workers, (optional) vehicle fleet.

Competition: Only 50 waste sorting complexes are registered in Russia.

Peculiarities: sorting can be implemented in the form of buying individual species waste (sorting at the collection stage). This is less profitable, but does not require any expensive installations.

Recycling

Recycling is anything that turns waste into something useful, be it energy, new raw materials, fertilizers, and so on.

Composting

The simplest option is composting - recycling organic waste into homogeneous, odorless brown dust that improves the properties of the soil. Is to accelerate natural processes decomposition and may include up to 30% solid waste (food, grass, manure, cardboard, sawdust). It does not require any complex equipment; the compost heap only needs mixing and moistening.

Pyrolysis

Pyrolysis is the thermal decomposition of waste that occurs without oxygen. It differs from simple combustion in that at the output, in addition to recyclable materials, it allows you to obtain electrical energy, gasoline, diesel and heating oil (analogous to fuel oil). The quality of the pyrolysis product directly depends on the composition of solid waste, so pre-sorting plays a decisive role here. This type of processing has many advantages: it is environmentally friendly, significantly reduces the volume of waste and provides thermal energy, which can be used.

The cheapest is the processing of mono-raw materials. A successful example The Danish company Gypsum Recycling International can serve. GRI was founded in 2001 and, thanks to its sophisticated collection, logistics and patented mobile recycling technology, is today the world leader in recycling efficiency (the process of returning waste, discharges and emissions into technogenesis processes - editor's note), giving a second life to 80% of gypsum waste.

Pros: high profitability and demand for recyclable materials, low level of competition, interest of foreign investors and favor of the authorities, fairly quick payback (from two to five years).

Minuses: substantial initial investments are required (the bill runs to tens of thousands of dollars, in the case of complex processing - millions, while you can save on used equipment), there are no guarantees of full capacity utilization of such high-tech plants, since the waste collection system in Russia today is extremely chaotic.

Due to the underdevelopment of the market, prices for recyclable materials are very unstable: when demand increases, suppliers can no longer cope with waste collection and prices rise sharply; when demand falls, goods quickly accumulate and fill storage facilities, and therefore are sold at bargain prices.

Profitability: very high, especially if the recycling plant is also a manufacturer of the recycled product. For example, buying a ton of green cullet for 2000 rubles, processing it into glass powder, and then blowing a batch of bottles and selling each for 50 ( approximate price in Moscow), you can ultimately earn about 100 thousand rubles.

Starter kit: production premises with an area of ​​at least 200 square meters, a warehouse with an area of ​​at least 100 square meters, equipped in accordance with sanitary and fire requirements, installations, technologists and workers, (optional) vehicle fleet.

Competition: In Russia, only 5% of the total volume of waste is recycled, while 50% of solid waste consists of raw materials that can be reused. In total, there are 243 waste processing plants registered in the country, and none of them carries out a full recycling cycle.

Peculiarities: the efficiency of waste recycling depends on the quality of sorting, so the best waste recycling complex is a complex system, established from collection and sorting to distribution to the consumer. This cannot be done without close interaction with the authorities and a whole campaign to create a culture of waste management.

Legal subtleties: processing permit required.

♦ Capital investments: from $50,000.
♦ Payback: from 2 months.

Waste recycling as a business considered interesting and potentially profitable area due to several factors.

First of all, there is minimal competition.

Despite favorable conditions for creating a processing business and its development, not many entrepreneurs are currently investing money and effort in the development of this industry.

In addition, the amount of raw materials allows us to “expand” - people produce more and more waste every day, and conventional disposal methods are outdated (detailed statistics can be studied below).

This business is also favorable in terms of payback periods.

According to statistics, a similar enterprise in Russia, launched from scratch, will pay for itself within two months!

This is an excellent indicator for business.

In this case, the profitability will be around 20-50%.

Typically, processed raw materials are sold to related production.

But if they wish, entrepreneurs can expand their scope of activity and begin to produce their own products from recycled secondary raw materials.

And these are additional prospects for development.

As you can see, you can find continuous advantages in such a business.

Therefore, you can safely consider your progress in this direction.

The main disadvantage is that organizing a processing plant in Russia will cost you at least $20,000,000.

But you can get by with fewer sacrifices if you recycle only one type of waste (batteries, wood waste, glass).

Creating one workshop will cost you $50,000-250,000.

How much waste do people produce?

According to statistics, different countries produce different amounts of waste.

And, of course, the data will differ depending on the types of settlements.

For example, in villages where people practically do not buy food in plastic and plastic packaging, the numbers will be radically different.

But for an average city in Russia, the amount of waste will be about 250 kilograms per year.

With all these indicators, the accepted scheme for waste disposal (removal - landfill - reclamation) has long lost its relevance.

Moreover, it is even recognized as dangerous to human health.

All this makes the waste recycling business a very relevant idea.

What will it take to start a waste recycling business?

Interesting fact:
Even in religion, garbage left its mark. The thing is that near Jerusalem there was a small piece of land where, as a rule, garbage was dumped and then burned. In the Bible it is called the Fire Hyena. Subsequently, for Christians, Gienna became a symbol of Hell.

To open a business from scratch in Russia that will bring you income from garbage, you need quite a bit:

• First of all, to open a waste recycling business, you need an appropriate license.
• A plot of land (required - outside the city); gives permission for it local authority self-government.
  In this area it is necessary to equip appropriate premises for warehouses and production.
• Necessary Technical equipment for waste treatment.
  The equipment will depend on the types of raw materials processed (recycling of batteries, glass, wood waste).
• To run a waste recycling business, it is important to select qualified personnel.
• Transport for transporting waste is also needed.

What goals should you indicate in terms of organizing a waste recycling business?

To open any business project, and even more so to launch a plant, it is necessary to draw up a business plan.

One of its most important points is the goals of implementing the idea.

For this industry they will be:

• Obtaining new components for the production of goods in certain areas: bottles are made from glass that are not inferior in quality to new ones; from wood waste - fuel or cheap furniture, plywood.
• Counteracting the accumulating mountains of garbage and the increase in landfill area.
  This allows us to normalize the sanitary living conditions of people in nearby areas.
• Disposal of hazardous waste is caring for the ecology of the region.
  In the shell of the simplest and most common batteries, for example, lies great danger.
  Heavy metals getting into environment capable of sending both land and water.

How much does it cost to open a waste recycling plant?

To open serious business to process waste, you need to put the plant into operation.

The ideal location for it is near city garbage dumps.

In order to process several types of waste at once, you will need to invest a very large amount.

Not every entrepreneur can afford this.

But if you limit yourself to processing only glass, batteries or wood waste, business expenses can be reduced.

Let's calculate how much it will cost to open a waste recycling plant:

Business expense item	Approximate amount (RUB)
Construction of a complex (factory) from scratch	20 000 000
Arrangement of premises	60 000 – 300 000
Bringing it into compliance with sanitary standards	100 000 – 200 000
Purchase of equipment for processing glass, batteries, wood waste	55 000 – 70 000$
Payment of utility services	50 000 – 100 000
Salary to employees	Depends on staff size

Even if the funds allow you to open a plant for integrated waste processing, it is still better to choose a narrower direction.

Combination is expensive not only in financially, but also because of the complexity of organizing this process.

Which business sector should you choose in waste processing?

As you already understand, it is worth highlighting only one, or maximum two related areas in the waste processing industry.

Which ones are the most attractive?

Battery recycling

The collection and recycling of this type of waste began relatively recently.

And at the moment there are not many companies doing this.

First of all, because this direction is not considered particularly profitable.

During recycling, some expensive elements (zinc, manganese and others) are removed from batteries, which can account for up to 80% of its weight.

But the volumes of collected batteries themselves are not sufficient to allow us to talk about a mass production launch.

Glass recycling

But glass processing is a simpler and more profitable activity.

A significant part of the raw materials will be provided to you for free.

Consequently, one of the cost items is reduced.

And selling it is quite easy.

Broken glass is used both in the production of building materials and for the manufacture of new glass products.

The applications don't end there!

And another important argument in favor is all possible assistance from the state.

You are doing something useful for everyone, so you can count on some benefits and a more loyal attitude.

The equipment included and the operating technologies themselves will differ depending on what type of processing you plan to use.

The most affordable activity financially and organizationally is recycling waste into cullet and then cleaning it.

Wood waste recycling

One of the most cost-effective and efficient options for processing waste from the wood processing industry is the production of pellets and briquettes.

The creation of this environmentally friendly fuel not only allows people to heat their homes, but at the same time is a solution to global difficulties (reduces the volume of toxic emissions, the production plant provides people with jobs, resources are spent as usefully as possible).

Plastic recycling

Recycling of plastic containers is one of the most popular segments of the industry.

Every year more and more goods are produced in such packaging, although the period of its natural decomposition is too long (from 300 years), and the decay products poison the environment.

But by processing this waste, you can produce new bottles, film, and other products.

Due to the benefits of creating such a plant, its organization is strongly encouraged by the authorities.

You can collect raw materials for pennies by setting up collection points for the population.

Or you can do it even simpler and place bins for bottles near regular trash bins.

It is guaranteed that the local administration will be only in favor and no difficulties will arise.

About how the waste recycling business works from the inside,

watch the video:

At the moment, only a few understand that waste recycling as a business is a very promising direction for development.

Garbage has always been an environmental problem for all of humanity. Today, the issue of garbage is being discussed at all levels: federal, regional, and so on. However, so far this is just talk and has not led to concrete action on the issue of waste recycling.

According to research, today waste disposal requires at least one. Only in this case can you significantly influence the ecology of the environment.

In some countries around the world there are penalties for littering. real war. Everyone wants to dominate their landfill because they firmly believe that this will bring them stability for life.

The problem of waste recycling and the creation of a special plant as a relevant business idea today

Today it is believed that waste recycling is a very profitable and profitable business.

Until recently, this area of ​​business was not like, for example, processing of wood or other raw materials. But now the situation has changed dramatically.

Throughout the Russian Federation there are now great amount landfills that require certain actions, and thereby allow waste disposal. According to statistics, about 96% of all household waste is disposed of in landfills. Moreover, according to estimates, about 60-70% of this is of some value and can be reused after recycling.

First of all, to process waste, you need at least a specialized mini-plant that will perform this function. Today there are very few such factories, which allows you to seriously think about this type of business.

Lack of high competition, as well as the fact that people will never stop throwing out garbage, says only one thing - this business will remain relevant for a very long time.

The relevance of opening this business is discussed in the following video:

Opening options

Every novice entrepreneur who is thinking about creating his own waste recycling plant thinks about exactly what form to implement.

Exists several varieties waste treatment plants, namely:

Here, as they say, the choice remains with the entrepreneur himself, but it is necessary to take into account his start-up capital . If, for example, a stationary plant will cost millions, then a mini plant will cost no more than $30,000.

Most entrepreneurs recommend initially betting on a mini-factory, since the start-up capital required is not so much, and at the same time it is quick. Moreover, there is no need to hire large quantity staff, while productivity is high.

Starting a business with a mini-factory allows you to understand the whole process from the inside, and after receiving tangible profits, think about whether it is worth expanding or not.

If you have not yet registered an organization, then easiest way This can be done using online services that will help you generate all the necessary documents for free: If you already have an organization and you are thinking about how to simplify and automate accounting and reporting, then the following online services will come to the rescue and will completely replace an accountant at your enterprise and will save a lot of money and time. All reporting is generated automatically, signed electronically and sent automatically online. It is ideal for individual entrepreneurs or LLCs on the simplified tax system, UTII, PSN, TS, OSNO.
Everything happens in a few clicks, without queues and stress. Try it and you will be surprised how easy it has become!

Review of mini-factories and their cost

Without any doubt, any manufacturing country sets its own prices for such mini-factories.

So, for comparison, China offers to purchase their mini-factory at a cost of no more than $16,000. At the same time, it includes all the necessary functions that allow you to perform any assigned tasks.

As for the Ukrainian manufacturer, the cost of their mini-plant starts at $60,000. Agree, this is quite an impressive amount, which can completely discourage you at the initial stage of forming your entrepreneurial activity.

If we take into account the domestic manufacturer, then in this regard the price can vary from 10 to 20 thousand dollars. It largely depends on the configuration of the equipment.

It is worth noting that the domestic manufacturer is distinguished by its reliability and quality, and the important fact is that in a short time you can always purchase any part that may fail.

Which manufacturer to pay attention to is the exclusive desire of the client himself, who focuses directly on his starting capital. But don’t forget that the costs will quickly pay off.

Description of the processing process

Modern mini-factories are equipped with sections in each of which waste is separated, sorted and crushed.

In addition, there are areas where heat and energy are obtained, including waste compaction.

The basis of such a mini-plant is a mechanized complex, thanks to which waste is sorted. High-temperature processing is carried out using pyrolysis equipment. During the afterburning of pyrolysis gases, the temperature can reach about 1100º C.

It is worth noting that the exhaust flue gases have a fairly impressive level of purification.

The presence of a pyrolysis unit as part of a mini-plant practically guarantees waste-free production. And this, accordingly, entails significant profits.

Main advantage The creation of a mini-factory is considered to be:

• absence of unpleasant odors;
• absence of insects and other various rodents.
• simplicity and speed of installation;
• low cost.

The technological process of processing is presented in the following video:

Business registration rules

Before starting to carry out business activities in this area, it is necessary to obtain a package of permits.

To do this, you need to contact the Ministry of Environment, which issues such a certificate.

Initially, a newly created company must undergo a compliance examination, after which a conclusion is issued. Such a conclusion is issued for an indefinite period. It is worth considering that its cost will cost approximately 5 thousand rubles.

In addition to this document, necessary:

• obtain permission from the sanitary and epidemiological station (SES);
• a project that describes all the nuances of the technological process.

But, despite all the documents that are necessary to legalize this business, it is necessary initially, which can describe all the intricacies of doing business.

In addition, you need to pay attention to sales, which is a key factor.

Drawing up a business plan

Anyone who is trying to start a business in this area must have a business plan, thanks to which it is possible to predict many problems that await at the initial stages, including calculating a number of actions that will help in the event of possible insolvency.

Descriptive part

It has long been no secret that a mini-plant for waste processing is an excellent investment that will provide a stable profit for long years. This area of ​​activity is very popular all over the world, since many companies are ready to purchase for themselves both a certain type of waste and a complete set in any quantity.

Production part

Equipment which is necessary to implement its labor activity includes:

1. production line for sorting raw materials;
2. crushing plant;
3. bunker for collecting raw materials (capacity for storing processed material);
4. special press.

Most beginning entrepreneurs give their preference to imported equipment, however, this is a big mistake. The fact is that the domestic manufacturer, firstly, is of higher quality, and secondly, significantly cheaper.

For this reason, many people need a fairly impressive start-up capital, and this consequently leads to the fact that many simply abandon their idea at the initial stage.

In addition, it is also worth considering the need for a truck, which will be used to deliver raw materials, as well as sales finished products.

It will cost approximately $80,000 to meet this need. If the entrepreneur has additional capital, it is advisable to purchase a melting furnace.

Marketing part

The marketing part of a business plan is rightfully considered key. Thanks to a competent approach to competitiveness analysis, you can solve many problems at once and leave your competitors behind.

Even though there are few competitors in this area, not paying attention to them is a grave mistake.

According to statistics, many similar factories are created every year in the Russian Federation, whose plans are to make a profit from this area of ​​​​activity. Needs to be analyzed in detail this market, and finally decide in which direction to move in the future.

This is primarily due to the fact that there are a huge number of types of waste, and it is impractical to tackle everything at once.

Today this direction is considered one of the most promising and quickly pays off.

However, this is not an obligation at all, but rather a recommendation, because each region has its own competitors from which it is necessary to build on.

Financial part

To open your own mini-factory, it is enough to have start-up capital in the amount of $80,000.

First of all, these funds will be spent on implementing priority tasks, namely:

• registration of all permits (licenses, permits, etc.);
• renting premises (the place where the equipment will be installed);
• acquisition of necessary equipment;
• purchase of the first batch of raw materials;
• employees (the annual salary of each employee is taken into account).

Little money will be spent on the organization itself associated with waste removal. This is due to the fact that the garbage itself costs about 1 million rubles. The greatest difficulties arise at the moment when it is necessary to find sales channels.

In the process of doing business, you need to understand that profit company depends on many factors, in particular:

• waste processing method;
• production volume.

In order to significantly increase the profit received, it is enough to organize a collection point for secondary (processed) raw materials.

This method will allow you to maintain production profitability at a level of at least 50%, and thereby obtain tangible benefits.

Possible problems

Each type of business activity entails the risk of non-receipt of profit. To avoid this in every possible way, it is enough to competently draw up a business plan.

First of all, it is necessary to take into account literally every detail.

First of all, any problems begin with minor shortcomings, which, as a rule, leads the company to the bottom.

It is necessary to study the information on waste recycling as best as possible in order to be aware of the entire technological process and, if necessary, quickly solve any problem.

Once the business has started operating, it is necessary to sign an agreement for the supply of raw materials with several suppliers at once, since in this case the risk of a shortage of material is minimized. Ultimately, this will allow the mini-factory to supply finished products without delays and in full.

It is also worth considering that you should not inflate the starting capital, and you should expand only in as a last resort. Inappropriate investment of personal capital can play a cruel joke and affect the company’s activities.

An overview of domestic waste processing equipment is presented in this video:

Recycling is the most promising business

A very favorable activity for investment is the waste recycling business. Firstly, there are relatively few waste processing companies, while there is enough raw material for everyone - about 250 kg of household waste per person per year. Secondly, the entrepreneur can organize a reception various types garbage. The high profitability of production turns waste recycling into a very profitable business: so from 1 kg plastic waste you can get up to 0.8 kg of recycled materials. Today, the classical approach to waste disposal (into a container - to a landfill - reclamation) is becoming ineffective and also potentially dangerous - toxic waste pose a certain threat to the environment and human health. State authorities and city administration have a favorable attitude towards enterprises waste recyclers. And, therefore, the waste recycling business will soon become very popular.

Organization of mini-production for waste processing

The first thing an entrepreneur will have to deal with is organizing the supply of raw materials. It is recommended to start by accepting different types of waste in your area. For these purposes, you will need a truck with compartments where the raw materials will be stored. The main difficulty lies not in collecting, but in sorting waste. You'll need some start-up capital because people won't sort their trash for free. This means you need to set a certain price for bottles or waste paper. Plastic packaging is one of the most difficult wastes to recycle.

According to experts, profitability is good organized business waste recycling can be up to 80%. Consequently, your enterprise will fully pay for itself within a few months. Deep recycling of waste can bring maximum profit. It has been established that the greater the turnover of an enterprise, the longer it takes to pay for itself.

You should decide in advance what types of municipal solid waste (MSW) you will work with, since organizing a universal enterprise for processing solid waste will require very significant material costs.

We draw up a business plan: we calculate costs

The construction of a huge universal complex for processing all types of solid waste (wood, rubber, plastic, metal, paper and glass) will cost, according to experts, a huge amount - over $20 million. But even a more modest enterprise can generate significant income. Setting up a workshop specializing in one type of solid waste will cost from 50 to 300 thousand dollars.

It will take about 2-3 thousand dollars to equip warehouse and production facilities, as well as bring them into full compliance with fire and sanitary standards. If production is located close to residential buildings, it will be possible to save on the removal of raw materials. In this case, garbage and waste for your enterprise will be supplied by local residents.

The cost of a crusher, sorting line and other equipment of domestic production can be approximately estimated at 50 - 70 thousand dollars. Waste paper is purchased for 30 - 50 kopecks, depending on the quality of the paper, and sorted plastic raw materials from 1.5 to 7 rubles. per kilogram.
In total, the minimum investment amount will be: $50 thousand + purchase of raw materials and wages of hired workers and payment of rent for premises and electricity.

Certificates and other required documentation

To legally process solid waste, you will need to obtain a license from the Ministry of Environment. The Law “On Environmental Expertise” requires any entity that collects and subsequently processes waste to undergo an environmental assessment. The conclusion is issued for the entire period of the company’s activities, its cost is about 5.5 thousand rubles.

The entrepreneur must also obtain permission from the fire and sanitary services, prepare project documentation With detailed description technological processes of the future waste recycling enterprise. Each conclusion will cost from 300 to 1000 rubles; it usually takes from 3 months to six months to collect all the documentation. During the operation of your enterprise, its activities will be checked quarterly by local orderlies, firefighters, nature conservationists and other government services.

Production facilities and necessary equipment

The best option To organize a waste processing enterprise, a premises located near a landfill, on the outskirts of the city or, in extreme cases, in an industrial zone. It is advisable that the nearest residential building be located no further than 600 meters from the enterprise. You can organize your own fleet of vehicles to supply raw materials from the landfill or negotiate with city municipal waste removal companies or companies specializing in cargo transportation.

A small room with an area of ​​no more than 100 sq.m. can be equipped as a warehouse. To set up a workshop, you will need a room with an area of ​​300 - 500 sq.m.

The minimum set of equipment for an enterprise includes: a crusher, a sorting line, a press, a storage hopper, and a magnet. A set of used imported cars or domestic analogues costs from 50 to 70 thousand dollars. Experienced entrepreneurs believe that there is no need to spend money on expensive foreign machines, since domestic units are more reliable, cheaper and more stable in operation. In addition, it is easier to select the components necessary for repairs.

Personnel for waste processing plants

Personnel should be hired depending on the scale of production. A medium-sized waste recycling plant employs about 40 people, sorting, shredding and rejecting waste by about fifteen people per shift. All work is done manually. The enterprise needs both ordinary workers and experienced specialists who can distinguish unsuitable raw materials from suitable ones by eye, train newcomers and control the quality of their work.

Sales of finished products

Depending on what raw materials your enterprise works with, its products will be sold.

Toxic waste ( mercury lamps etc.) are processed by combustion. From them industrial and Construction Materials;
- plant waste is processed into compost intended for fertilizing the soil, landscaping areas and growing flowers;
- various electronic waste (picture tubes, electrical appliances) serve as a source of metals - iron, copper, aluminum, as well as glass;
- paper is processed and sold as recycled material for the formation of new varieties.
The cost of one ton of processed and compressed recyclables is calculated as follows:
- polymers up to 9,000 rubles;
- waste paper – up to 1,500 rubles;
- aluminum cans– up to 15,000 rubles.

Consumers of waste disposal company services and products are:

1. Municipal authorities. Their main task is to eliminate the city landfill and environmentally friendly recycling of waste.

2. Pulp, woodworking, glass and other enterprises are interested in recycling their waste. Enterprises cannot afford to store waste on their own territory, and the state imposes significant fines for unauthorized disposal. You can offer business owners waste removal for less than their current disposal costs.

3. Consumers of recycled leather waste, polymer waste, construction waste, rubber products will purchase recyclable materials for industrial and individual purposes from you.

Organizing a waste recycling business is a profitable business, but it requires certain financial investments. Provided there is a well-established sale of recyclable materials or agreements on the removal of waste from various enterprises, the payback period for the business will be from 10 months to 1.5 - 2 years. If an entrepreneur fails to establish distribution channels, the company will incur significant losses. According to expert observations, the profitability of a successful enterprise ranges from 40 to 82%, since there is practically no competition in this segment.