Increased energy efficiency. IN AND. Livchak, how to increase the energy efficiency of thermal energy consumption with an independent commercial accounting operator. Perspective method of increasing the efficiency of electrical equipment

The energy efficiency of the CDA is customary to describe PUE (Power Usage Effectiveness - Energy Efficiency). It is not difficult to calculate it: it is only necessary to divide the energy consumption of IT infrastructure to all the energy coming into the data center. In the ideal case, the indicator will be equal to one.

However, experts in recent years indicate the imperfection of this indicator. It is not clear which pue is meant - peak value or average annual, what are the methods of its measurement, how to take into account the gradual filling of the object, the quality of operation management, issues of relationship with the resource provider (power selection in accordance with the design values, efficient use of supply networks, support for networks Resources or local generation), what is the situation with the management of the IT equipment fleet, is there any obsolete, idle or working hard equipment? On all these questions, one digit is not able to answer.

Therefore, experts offer to look at the problem widely and consider a whole range of issues, based on which it can be judged by energy efficiency. It is important to exploit the equipment you need here and now, quickly disconnecting or even with exploitation is all unnecessary - both in IT and in the engineering part of the CDA.

In addition, it is necessary to efficiently manage the engineering infrastructure of the Central Committee, with a timely transition to the optimal modes of operation of electro- and cold supply systems in accordance with the change in both the internal conditions of the data center (load) and external (climate, change of tariffs and the conditions of competing resource providers) .

Another question is to maintain in the machine halls of the order and optimal conditions for air flows, the absence of leaks, the loss of cold. Of course, accounting and control of the use of space in the machine room, as well as energy resources.

How to ensure high power reliability at the design and construction stage of the data center

Even at the planning stage, it is important not to miss the selection of the site with good availability of electricity. A place with chronic energy efficiency and systematic power failures will be an error.

"For important and large-scale codes, it is better to find the possibility of connecting one by one beam of nutrition directly to the distribution substation of a large generation object, at least to different substations, is advised by Ilya Tsarev. - Where it is justified by the scale and economy of the object, you should search for the possibility of connecting to high voltage networks (110/220 kV), bypassing local medium and low voltage networks. For data-centers of a high level of responsibility, its own generation (diesel or gas power plant) should be planned and built. "

When designing, it is important to remember about the cost and availability of energy resources, the climate of the construction area (including the microclimate directly on the site), the designs and materials of the building of the Central Committee, the energy efficiency of individual components of its systems, and, in particular, about the correct selection of quantity and power of its queues (modules).

Experts note that modern flagship products of leading vendors of uninterrupted power supply (UPS) for the data center in addition to high reliability indicators, as a rule, have very good energy efficiency indicators. Plus - the possibility of flexible selection of modes in the range "Maximum Reliability - Maximum Energy Efficiency".

At the construction stage, we should not forget about the quality of materials and installation work. An integred volume of Mashal, except for obvious problems in terms of fire safety, will lose their dear cold. Errors in the laying of communications or installation of the valve-adjusting equipment will lead to non-optimal operation of pumps and compressors of cold supply systems. Careless installation of power distribution systems will ensure extra percentages of losses in them.

What are the ways to improve the energy efficiency of already operated CDMS

Starting with a comprehensive audit, which is better to charge a third-party organization. Such questions are engaged in both expert organizations and leading vendors, for example, Schneider Electric. The audit implies the collection of information about the status of the CDA in general, its individual systems, implemented practices and operation procedures. According to its results, the company receives a detailed report on identified problems and "narrow places".

"From our practice, I can remember such widespread problems of customer data centers, leading to the unproductive losses of resources in the centries, as non-optimal temperature settings in cooling systems, errors when installing cold supply systems, negligent installation of raised floor and toasting space under it, Errors in the selection and Mounting Falseflage Ventilation Panels, thoughtless use of steamotriers, the use of filters on an ongoing basis in "clean" chiller systems, frequent disregard for the use of plugs and sets of airflow insulation inside of server cabinets, "lists Ilya Tsarev.

Basic principles of air traffic management in the data center

There are several basic parameters that must be observed to preserve the greatest productivity and efficiency of the CDA.

Despite many changes in recent years in energy saving, the increase in its efficiency in the field of housing and communal services is still not shifted from the dead point.

Questions considered in the article:

• Why an energy saving efficiency program arose.
• Is there a reserve of increasing energy efficiency in the housing and communal services.
• What is the task of UO in increasing the energy efficiency of the MKD.
• What methods can be achieved to increase the efficiency of energy saving.
• How to choose methods suitable for a specific MKD.
• Are there state-owned assistance programs in improving the efficiency of the MKD energy saving.

First, there is still no reliable accounting of energy consumed; secondly, events should be held everywhere, but they are held exclusively at narrow sections; And thirdly, the energy efficient overhaul program does not actually work. This approach, excluding complexity and coherence, does not give any economy.

Since the Federal Law No. 261-FZ "On Energy Saving and an increase in Energy Efficiency and Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation" has entered into force, there has been about 7 years, but positive changes, in particular, increasing energy saving efficiency In general, it is not observed. The measures of the energy saving program and an increase in energy efficiency are still not so much, as we would like to state bodies within our huge country.

• Energy-saving MKD technology: from the state to a separate apartment

Energy Saving Program and Enhance Energy Efficiency until 2022

Internal consumption in Russia tons of conditional fuel is large enough, it is about 64% of the total annual production of TER (fuel and energy resources).

After analyzing the consumption of the generated energy, we see the following distribution by industry:

• 25% falls on the structures of the fuel and energy complex;
• 20% - for construction, industry;
• 20% - on housing and communal services;
• About 10% - on transport and agriculture.

We must remember that one of the guarantees of the state's energy security is to increase energy efficiency inside it. And today the problem of energy saving concerns not only our country, but also around the world.

The energy-saving potential of our country is estimated at 360-430 million tons, when transferring to the oil equivalent This is about 230-250 million tons, which can be compared with the total volume of oil and petroleum products exported from Russia. Based on the analysis, we see that a third of the energy potential focuses into the fuel and industrial complex, a quarter in housing and communal services, another third in the field of construction and industry, and a very small part falls on transport and agriculture.

In order to increase energy efficiency, in particular, to start the economic, legal and organizational basics of stimulating in Russia, on November 11, 2009 by the State Duma and the Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 261-ФЗ 7 "On Energy Saving and Energy Efficiency" was adopted.

To speed up the economic growth of the country, the governing bodies should think about conducting various energy saving activities, the key of them is the program of energy saving and increasing energy efficiency.

The tasks of the UO in the management of the MKD according to the program of energy saving and improving the efficiency in housing and communal services

Not all citizens are supplied to the instruments of accounting for municipal resources in our country, as you know, put the counters in your apartment / house - the pleasure is not cheap. Even the fact that this is a single event, not all forces them to place them in their apartments. Engineering communications have a sufficiently high wear, and the consequence of this are high losses of resources, such as water, heat. Residents often complain that information about energy saving and increasing energy efficiency is practically unavailable.

All these factors in aggregate affect the resource saving. In our country, as mentioned above, it is at a fairly low level.

To ensure high resource saving, first need to solve important strategic tasks: to determine which houses start (by prioritization), i.e. clearly build the plan of the events; Determine the sources of financing the program for energy saving and improving the efficiency in housing and communal services.

In various legal documents, we can already observe the answers to the above issues.

The main responsibilities and responsibilities for the implementation of the activities are assigned to the HOA and management companies, i.e., those responsible primarily for the maintenance of an apartment building. If there is no management company in an apartment building, the owners of the premises will be responsible.

So, according to Federal Law No. 261-FZ "The person responsible for the maintenance of an apartment building regularly (no less often than once a year) is obliged to develop and bring to the attention of the owners of the premises in an apartment building of the proposal for energy saving events and an increase in energy efficiency, Which is possible to spend in an apartment building, indicating the costs of their holding, the volume of the expected reduction of the energy resources used and the payback period of the proposed activities. "

But at present, the low level of inhabitants and the lack of legal norms aimed at improving the efficient use of resources will not give us a solution to the problem.

Resource spending in multi-unit and residential buildings should be competently distributed at various stages of operation of these buildings. For example, at the stage of construction and reconstruction - one norms of spending, at the design stage, overhaul and operation are completely different.

Based on the foregoing, at each stage of the life cycle of the building identified their resource spending standards, somehow: specific costs of water consumption, power consumption, ventilation, etc. But only with the support of budget sources will be fully able to fulfill all the necessary measures to account for these resources.

We now turn to the monitoring of compliance with the necessary events. On places is a manager assigned by the tenants themselves, which will ensure the timeliness of payment for resource spending at a certain period of time. Also, the responsibilities of this person will include a competent calculation of the value of all necessary events.

Every citizen must fully submit, for which he pays, and therefore the management company or the manager must provide all the information on a particular event. All information and energy efficiency calculations must be normalized and clearly defined, and most importantly - are economically justified. It is important to represent a complete picture at advantageous and unprofitable for citizens, on the basis of a holistic picture of taking outcome solutions that would not cause disputes, doubts.

Not all events will be able to finance the budget, some of them relating to the direct benefits of citizens, for example, additional comfort, activities that increase the market value of apartments will finance citizens themselves. The relevance of the activities carried out is also an important aspect. We should not forget about such factors as participating at home in various regional and municipal programs. But it all depends on the serious approach of persons living in a particular house, largely on their solvency and the cost of the programs themselves.

In addition to all the advantages, the main, of course, is the savings in cash equivalent, which, with a competent distribution and consumption of resources, citizens will feel from month to month.

Compliance with its main interest, namely, the establishment of energy saving programs in homes, allows manageing organizations, first, to expand their capabilities and profits. This is achieved by increasing the list of works and services that the management company is able to offer interested persons (owners of the premises) under the management contract.

Secondly, the competent management company will always be in demand, it will be applied to it, provided that it will be able to establish themselves quite positively. In the current conditions of high competition and the creation of unscrupulous companies, the management company with a good reputation will have undoubted advantages.

By collecting funds under a contract with housing owners aimed at the modernization of energy systems to ensure energy efficiency, management companies will be able to make a profit by implementing these programs.

Without the effective operation of the management companies in the field, it is not possible to implement those comprehensive tasks for improving energy efficiency in apartment buildings. The scale of the housing stock forces the search for solutions aimed at a clear, competent allocation of resources and improving efficient control everywhere.

Opinion expert

Responsibilities of managing organizations and owners of premises

D.V. Ponomarev,

chief Specialist of the Yurenergo Group of Companies

First, all the necessary information on the content of the MKD should be reported to the owners of the apartments in full by placing it in the entrances or other premises that relate to the common property in this MCD. Information reporting can be carried out in other ways, the most important thing is the result.

All energy saving activities and an increase in the energy efficiency of a particular home should be discussed by the participants, and on the basis of the general opinion, a decision was made on the proposed activities.

Expenditures on energy-saving events are owned by the ICD.

In turn, energy-saving organizations should also notify the owners of the MKD that the events are optional, all work is carried out exclusively by decision of the owners of the MKD.

Energy saving measures and increasing energy efficiency in the MKD

The list of measures to improve energy efficiency can be attributed as follows:

1. Increase the thermal resistance of the enclosing structures:

• the use of outdoor glazing having various heat accumulation characteristics in summer and winter;
• the use of plasters with heat shielding properties;
• glazing balconies and loggias;
• the use of heat-reflecting or sunscreen glazed windows, balconies and loggias;
• installation of windows with the function of the air removal through the interconnect space;
• elimination of cold bridges in the walls and in the adjoits of window bakes;
• tambura with entrance doors of entrances and apartments;
• installing modern double-glazed windows with a high level of thermal resistance;
• the use of heat-insulating plates for facing the outer walls, technical floor, roof, overlap over the basement. Mineral wool, foamed glass, basalt fiber can be used;
• reducing the glazing area to regulatory values;
• use of the air ventilation system;
• regular informing of residents about the state of heat-preserves of the building and measures to save heat.

2. Improving the energy efficiency of the heating system:

• replacing cast iron radiators on aluminum;
• installation of radiators with shut-off reinforcement, based on thermoregulation technology;
• the use of consumption of consuming heat metering (heat meters, heat, temperature indicators);
• implementation of measures for the calculation for heat in the number of established sections and the location of heaters;
• installation of heat-repellent screens for heating radiators. Effect 1-3%;
• the use of adjustable heat leave (by time of day, on weather conditions, by temperature in the rooms);
• the use of controllers in the management of the heat resistant;
• application of quarter heat leave controllers;
• timely maintenance of the heating system;
• installing network water filters in the heating system;
• additional heating through the selection of heat from the sewer system;
• additional heating when using heat pumps in the basement;
• additional heating and heating of water when using solar energy and thermal batteries;
• the use of pipelines from polymeric materials with a low thermal conductivity coefficient;
• energy saving by heat insulation of pipes;
• transition when repairing the individual heating system in each apartment;
• creation and development of administrative regulations for energy saving.

3. Improving the quality of ventilation. Reduced ventilation and air conditioning costs:

• application of automatic gravitational ventilation systems;
• installation of ventilators in rooms and windows;
• application of micheology systems with heating of incoming air and valve feed adjustment;
• the elimination of drafts in the premises;
• application in systems of active ventilation engines with smooth or stepped frequency control;
• the use of controllers in the control of the ventsystem;
• the use of water-filled coolers in the enclosing structures to remove excess heat;
• heating the incoming air due to the cooling of the removable air;
• the use of heat pumps to get out of the removable air;
• the use of reversing heat pumps in cellars for cooling air supplied to the supply ventilation;
• regular informing of residents about the state of the ventsystem, on the exception of drafts and unproductive blows of the premises of the house, about the mode of comfortable ventilation of the premises.

4. Water savings (hot and cold):

• installing hot and cold water meters;
• installation of extensive water consumption counters;
• installing water consumption counters in rooms that have separate consumption;
• thermal insulation of DHW pipelines (feed and circulating);
• heated the supplied cold water (from the heat pump, from reverse network water, etc.);
• installation of economical shower nets;
• installation in the apartments of keyproof cranes and mixers;
• installing ballcases at collective water intake points;
• installation of two-section shells;
• installation of duplex splash tanks;
• the use of mixers with automatic water temperature regulation;
• regular informing of residents about the state of water consumption and measures to reduce it.

5. Electrical savings:

• replacement of incandescent lamps in entrances to luminescent energy-saving lamps;
• the use of microprocessor control systems with frequency-adjustable drives of elevator electric motors;
• replacement of used luminescent street lamps on LED lamps;
• the use of photo acoustic relays for managed inclusion of light sources in basements, technical floors and house entrances;
• installing reactive power compensators;
• the use of energy-efficient circulation pumps, frequency-adjustable drives;
• propaganda application of energy-efficient household appliances Class A +, A ++.
• using solar panels for building lighting;
• regular informing of residents about the state of electric consumption, ways to save electrical energy, measures to reduce the consumption of electrical energy for servicing communications.

6. Gas savings:

• transition of residents to programmable heating in apartments;
• application of climate control systems to control gas burners to the boiler block;
• persistent recommendations for the use of open-flame gas burners in economy mode;
• the use of energy efficient gas burners in the furnace devices unit of boiler rooms;
• application of climate control systems to control gas burners to the apartment heating systems;
• use of energy efficient gas stoves with ceramic IR emitters and software control.

Based on the average economic calculations, it is quite realistic to reduce the costs of the energy supply of one apartment building about 4 times, and in general, by districts and regions, these are huge figures for those who make it think.

It makes sense, of course, to carry out work only in those houses that inhibit not yet one year. In this case, the comfort and payback are "in foot", the tenants will definitely appreciate all the positive points that are opening up for them with rational accounting of energy resources.

It will not be possible to quickly increase energy efficiency, but it costs to start, and the results will exceed all expectations.

• About the program "Energy saving and an increase in energy efficiency for the period up to 2020"

Opinion expert

Approach to energy saving must be complex

AND ABOUT. Ivanov,

If we are talking about new homes, they should clearly adhere to energy-saving technologies and in any way otherwise.

As for the old houses, it does not have to wait for the same return, but the energy saving program must be further carried out consistently and systematically.

Houses included in the overhaul programs should adhere to an energy efficient program with maximum control and consumed resource consumed in the future. Meanwriters should be established everywhere, only this can be started to instill the culture of consumption of utilities.

In general, the task of bringing all the MCD to the effective consumption of resources now seems very difficult, a single standard of increasing energy efficiency can practically be applied. But it is impossible to stop working in any way, otherwise in the future, the element cannot be controlled in the energy saving system.

How to make a plan for energy saving and increasing energy efficiency

To understand which particular energy-saving activities should be carried out in an apartmently residential building, there is a lot of need for expensive energy audit at all (on average, the approximate cost of energy audit is 100 thousand rubles.)

Many years of practical experience allows to apply reliable indicators (targets for energy saving and increasing energy efficiency), designed not in one year, which help in assessing consumption and loss of housing stock. And in addition, energy audit is not a mandatory procedure, which is carried out by energy service companies mainly in order to assess future financial income from their projects.

And yet, if the need for an accurate assessment of energy consumption, places of losses, engineering equipment houses are still there, then energy audit you, of course, will help here.

Optimization of energy consumption is important to be based on the real need for specific measures to increase energy efficiency. The management company in general and should deal with these issues; Information on energy saving and increasing energy efficiency is fully accessible to it, and optimization assessment will be carried out on a number of indicators:

Criterion 1.The relevance of the event is the degree of necessity and urgency.

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of January 25, 2011 No. 18 (ed. 05/20/2017) Installed normative values \u200b\u200bfor various categories of apartment and residential buildings.

In accordance with the level of consumption of certain resources, the managing person must make decisions on the formulation of counters of residents. Federal Law No. 261-FZ establishes the obligation to equip houses for taking into account the taking into account the water, natural gas, thermal and electricity, as well as the introduction of installed maintenance instruments. Further maintenance of meters falls on the shoulders of the tenant, because in his own interests to carry out timely delivery of indicators on them. Thus, the management company must compare all available indicators for a specific home and on the basis of them to draw conclusions about further energy reduction activities.

To date, the housing foundation is not in the best condition. Therefore, the modernization of individual elements and communications, point repair and other events (not exclusive, but implying the use of modern materials and technologies) to improve its improvement will lead to positive results.

Criterion 2.The cost of the event.

Usually, when calculating the value of any works, certain standards and estimated norms apply. Calculations are engaged, as a rule, a contracting organization, but you can do the same work and yourself. This is the calculated method.

The second method that will talk about, implies the use of data on similar activities. This is all possible information on producers, equipment, placement of state promenes, etc. This is an analogs method.

Criterion 3. The effectiveness of the implementation of the event.

The effectiveness of the activities carried out is more correct to evaluate the increasing outcome for a certain period of time. From how accurately the effectiveness of a particular event will be appreciated, judged on its further development, or, on the contrary, to zero costs for it. Owners of apartments, of course, as no one are interested in the effectiveness of the measures taken.

The effect of the event being carried out is better to plan, taking into account inflation, because only an increase in prices and tariffs for housing and utilities services is happening everywhere.

In order to assess the effectiveness of the activities carried out, the following methods use:

• regulatory method;
• direct account method.

The first implies the use of the reasonable number of resource indicators. For all indicators, with this method, you can apply a specific rate according to which consumption is calculated.

The second determines the planned efficiency in the upcoming period using regulatory and technical documents (for example, various slips).

When calculating the effect, it is also necessary to take into account the proportionality of the values \u200b\u200bof the indicators used and the obtained values. For example, manufacturers of LED products declare a significant effect of its introduction, despite its significant cost. In reality, the disadvantages pop up: an uncomfortable light spectrum, fast burnout clusters. In addition, if the house has low power fluorescent bulbs (20-40 W), which burned with interruptions, the rapid effect on their replacement to progressive analogues will not work.

Criterion 4.. Availability of the implementation of the event for citizens.

The availability of services in the housing and communal services is the most burning theme for residents of apartment buildings. First of all, because management companies will not always competently appreciate the proposed services.

Here it is necessary to competently approach the issue price and the period of payment.

Also, the management company should be assessing changes in payments for a certain service before and after certain events: their growth or, on the contrary, decline.

When we see line, as the tariff is changed for each of the services provided to us, it is easier to imagine what they pay and where money is spent. Therefore, we recommend that you have such a visual analysis of all the indicators and the measures carried out in advance.

Events on modernization and energy efficiency, depending on the degree of their complexity, are low-cost and expensive. If the first of them is still possible to be carried out at the expense of their own means of tenants or special funds, then expensive require extinct assistance, in particular loans and loans, and this is not always convenient and efficient, because it requires repayment with interest.

Everyone unknown is always scary in practice, and therefore the management company will have to try to prove to residents to the fullest the need for certain events. Conditions must be certainly beneficial and effective, moreover, their final accessibility and relevance should not cause any doubts.

Criterion 5.. Sources of financing.

Based on the data provided, in most municipalities, those tools and payments that come for the content and repair of residential premises are so small that barely cover the works that go to the mainstream content. Basically, the size of such boards is not economically justified.

Thus, there is no hopes for these funds, energy saving programs need to be implemented using other sources.

Though, as mentioned above, it is possible to count on point quickly focused measures, somehow: the use of energy-saving lamps and motion sensors, thermal insulation, etc.

If you contact other sources of financing, then in theory we can consider:

• financing from ESCO (Energy Service Companies);
• borrowed funds;
• funds allocated for capital repairs in the framework of regional and municipal programs.

Immediately comprise some points. The borrowed funds management company, of course, can take advantage, but more chances of HOA, since the management organization from a legal point of view is just a third-party commercial person. A partnership of owners of housing is a legal entity, a non-profit organization, created on the basis of the unification of the owners of the premises (based on the definition) for the joint management of the premises of this house and the lands that are in joint possession and use (and further on the text).

In our country, financial assistance turns out to be in such a way as to have the most profitable results for participants who help and finance this or that event. Unfortunately, the provision of assistance to HOA is not an attractive investment of money, there are no incentives or guarantees.

To the rescue of ESCO, apartment buildings are now also hardly to count. Perhaps banks remain the only source of finance. Some of them are really ready to provide loans to managers on various conditions with which it is necessary to familiarize themselves in advance.

• Energy efficient overhaul - new life of dilapidated housing

Improving the efficiency of energy saving MKD and economic support for major overhaul

Financial support of the state can still be obtained. In 2009, Law No. 261-FZ was adopted, which provides for the inclusion of measures to ensure the energy efficiency of buildings to the work on overhaul.

Also, the Ministry of Economics of Russia has developed a useful project to carry out energy efficient overhaul.

Minstroy Russia has developed a draft government decree (PP of the Russian Federation No. 18 of January 17, 2017) on the provision of financial support for energy-efficient overhaul. The project says that funding will take place at the expense of the Housing and Utilities Fund. Fairly large funds are planned to be allocated for its implementation (about 200 million rubles); Money will be directed to a coating of some part of the costs in the implementation of overhaul or to reimburse part of the cost of paying interest on loans.

Important aspects for obtaining financial assistance are the following conditions:

• at home should not be subject to reconstruction, demolition, be emergency;
• in homes must be established by public resource accounting counters;
• as a result of overhaul in the house, energy consumption should decrease at least 10%.

All of the above conditions will have to increase the energy efficiency of houses to be repaired, and in the future significantly affect the reduction of residential expenses for utility bills.

Money will be provided by the Foundation for the term of the loan agreement, but not more than 5 years.

5 million rubles- Maximum amount of payments, it should be not more than half of the total cost of overhaul at home.

We will analyze the situation on the example of repayment of the loan taken to the overhaul of tenants: the provision of tenants are supplied to repay this loan on preferential terms. Recall that the inhabitants of everyone without the exception of Russia regions can get the same support for the overhaul of their homes. The municipal energy saving program and an increase in energy efficiency is already working.

Step-by-step application procedure for submitting an application with the subsequent financing:

• Residents submit an application to municipal authorities.
• Municipal authorities send an application to regional bodies.
• Regional authorities send it further to the housing and utilities fund. The housing and utilities fund is directly made by the final decision on the allocation of funds.
• If the decision is made positive, funds are sent to the subject of the Russian Federation.
• The subject lists the money to the local budget.

At the local level, the funds are distributed so that the house, waiting for help, has had these funds. Confirm the target use of their use and show energy efficiency will need to be carried out according to the events held.

According to the results of the overhaul, each house will be assigned a corresponding class of energy efficiency.

• Classes of energy efficiency begins with the Latin letter G (the lowest class) in the event that the consumption of energy resources exceeds the norm by 1.5 times or more.

The highest class of houses are houses with power consumption, which makes less than 40% of the basic norms.

Energy consumption is calculated on the basis of the storeinities of houses, indicators of street temperatures and days in the heating period.

• High classes, such as b, a, a +, a ++, are assigned only to those houses that are provided with individual power consumption metering (meters), lighting of staircases, elevators, basements and attic energy-efficient lamps (LEDs), as well as automatic devices Air temperature control in the building.

To assign the class of energy efficiency, it is necessary to contact the residential inspection authorities with a declaration that will reflect the indicators of accounting devices at the beginning and end of the year.

It is also planned to place information on the actual and regulatory consumption of resources of each particular home. Residents in order to reduce the cost of its content will be able to independently make a decision on changing the class of energy efficiency at home.

According to average calculations to repair a 12-storey residential building, a cash in the amount of 8.5 million rubles will be required.

The program of energy efficient overhaul gives the first results: more than two hundred houses were able to repair in the Rostov region. Housing and utility costs in such houses decreased by about 30%.

To participate in the program of major repairs, the house should be no more than 60s and not less than 5. Applications for the implementation of energy efficient overhaul, as well as to reimburse part of the funds spent on this repair, can be submitted already. So nowhere to make mistakes and competently calculate all the steps, you can use the methodology developed by the Foundation for Housing Reform. It can be seen on the site http: // Fondsight / in the section "How to get financing / financial support for overhaul in 2017".

To help citizens, a special program "Assistant ECR" was developed, which can be found on the website of the Foundation for the Reform Reform of Housing and Communal Services. "Assistant ECR" and its components can be used for free, without licensing deductions unlimited time.

At the entrance to the assistant, you will need to make information about the house in which repair is planned, and the Assistant ECR, in turn, will provide information on optimal cost-effective events.

As a result, all the data shown by the Assistant can be used by residents to further execute the application for inclusion in overhaul.

• Energy Efficiency Classes of Buildings: Assignment Procedure

Opinion expert

Energy saving - the question is not only means, but also the culture of residents

Ivanov I.O.,

senior Teacher of the Moscow City University of Management (Moscow State University) of the Government of Moscow

The main reason is that the owners reluctantly support the energy saving program and new energy-saving technologies, is the lack of culture of savings and rational resources.

Services are fully provided with the owners in the form of the same heat, water, but how much of what the MKD residents consumed were really used, and not "flew into the window" in the literal sense of the word - before that there is no business.

Also, the reason lies in non-connecting between the fee for the actual service provided and the real volume of consumption. Yes, indeed, in our country there has not been a system of instrument of consumed services, not everyone has been accustomed to savings. Therefore, we can not yet be able to establish an existing system, you can hardly "jump" to the system of new technologies, which, undoubtedly, our future.

Many countries have long and successfully use energy-saving devices, solar batteries and other technical no more innovations. The conscious approach of the authorities and tenants in the aggregate gives positive results for many years. Let's hope that in our country awareness will be topped over a cult of waste.

Information about experts

D.V. Ponomarev,chief Specialist of the Yurenergo Group of Companies. LLC ZAO YURENERGO is the management company of the Yurenergo group of companies and one of the leaders of the Russian market for legal, consulting, expert and energy audit services. The history of the company began in 1995. For 20 years of successful work, more than 5,000 enterprises, state and municipal institutions and organizations have become clients of Yurenergo, and more than 20,000 projects have been successfully completed.

AND ABOUT. Ivanov, Senior Lecturer of the Moscow City University of Management (Moscow State University) of the Government of Moscow.

The engineering company "Interblock" has been successfully implementing projects for the creation and reconstruction of energy facilities for enterprises of construction industry, fuel and energy resources, metallurgy, chemical, food and other industries.

On the factors affecting the energy efficiency of enterprises, the General Director of the Interblock Engineering Company, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Corresponding Member of the International Engineering Academy, Professor Oleg Vladimirovich, told about the factors that affect the energy efficiency of enterprises.

- Russia is a country rich in energy resources and, nevertheless, the Government of the Russian Federation constantly develops regulatory documents stimulating electrical and thermal energy savings. Why is this problem relevant for industry enterprises?

- According to the World Bank, we occupy one of the last places in the world in terms of energy consumption for the production of a GDP unit. Energy Efficiency of EU enterprises is 3 times higher than Russian enterprises, North America enterprises - 2 times. The technological backwardness of the industry of domestic power engineering after its destruction in 1991 has not yet been overcome. Industry enterprises currently continue to be exploited by extremely inefficient steam boilers, produced back in the 60-70s of the last century. In the conditions of constant increase in energy prices, the task of reducing the cost of production of thermal energy is particularly important to reduce the cost of production and, as a result, increasing its competitiveness in the domestic and global markets.

- What factors, in addition to outdated energy equipment, adversely affect the energy efficiency of enterprises?

- Over the past years, the Interblock engineering company conducted research work at several tens of enterprises of the construction complex of Russia and neighboring countries to study the structure of energy consumption, the development of approaches and energy conservation methods. Installed significantly overestimated consumption of thermal energy at these enterprises. The main reasons are: moral and physically outdated steam boilers and other thermal power equipment, what I said earlier; centralized delivery of expensive thermal energy from CHP or no less expensive purchased heat from third-party suppliers; remoteness of the heat consumer from the heat producers and, as a result, heat losses on the heating industry to 15-20%; outdated schemes of the organization of thermal economy of the enterprise; The absence in some enterprises of proper accounting of primary energy resources, the amount of thermal energy produced and its consumption by end users. It was revealed that the construction complex is typical for most enterprises is the inconsistency of the costly outdated steamile farm with modern technological production. As a result, the economic effect of the application of modern technologies for the production of concrete and reinforced concrete products is absorbed by the cost of heat power.

- How do you think you can increase the energy efficiency of enterprises? What experience has an engineering company "Interblock" in the field of energy saving?

- As an example of energy inefficiency, we consider the typical heat supply of the technological processes of the ZhBI plant using steam boilers. By virtue of constructive and operational features, traditional steam boilers cannot effectively regulate the flow of steam depending on the needs of production. Even in the absence of thermal energy need, the manufacturer of the precast concrete is forced or take steam to its production platform, or translate into ineffective minimum performance mode. All this is equivalent to a simple ejection of steam into the atmosphere. As a result, only one plant of the progress of average performance can be useless to burn to a million rubles per year, and annual losses across the country can be calculated by tens of billions of rubles.

One of the main directions for solving the problem of improving the energy efficiency of enterprises is to create autonomous, decentralized heat and power systems and complexes based on the use of highly efficient industrial interbounds of the interbound series ST. In order to modernize the steamile farms of the ZhBI factories, efficiency, DSC and other enterprises of the country's construction complex of the country, an engineering company "Interblock" has fulfilled the work on more than 50 such factories to replace traditional boiler technologies to industrial interbounds of the ST series. A unique result is achieved - the consumption of natural gas on thermal processing of reinforced concrete products has decreased by 3 times. Improving the energy efficiency of enterprises due to the transformation of a centralized heat supply system to decentralized ensures a decrease in the share of energy consumption in the cost of products by 2.5-3 times, which can be saved annually tens of billions of rubles annually. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated June 17, 2015 No. 600 "On Approval of the List of Objects and Technologies, which belong to the objects and technologies of high energy efficiency" Industrial Parogenerators of the ST series are included in the class of high-energy efficiency technologies, as having a efficiency coefficient of more than 94% (The efficiency of gas steam generators Inter-block ST series is 99%, diesel - 97%), which provides enterprises with the possibility of obtaining tax benefits: exemption from property tax, the use of accelerated depreciation, income tax credit.

- Oleg Vladimirovich, please tell us more about the production of deception of highly efficient industrial steam generators of the interblock of the ST series.

- Production of industrial steam generators of the Inter series, which has no analogues in Russia and the European Union, is the main activity of the engineering company "Interblock", registered in Moscow in 1997. The assembly production of steam generators is deployed at the enterprise Interblok-Techno LLC in the city of Stary Oskol Belgorod-Square. The production capacity of the enterprise is 50-80 steam generators per year with the possibility of increasing their number to 100-160 units of equipment. Mounting and commissioning, warranty and post-warranty service is carried out by the specialized division "Inter-Block Techno" and guarantees the quality of these works and reliable operation of the equipment.

Given the unfavorable situation in the banking sector, the limited access of industrial enterprises to credit resources, in the structure of the Interblock Group, the specialized leasing company Interblok-Leasing was created, the main activity of which is the creation of enterprises of comfortable financial conditions for the acquisition of industrial steam generators of the Inter series in Leasing For a period of 12 to 36 months under 8-10% per annum with a simplified procedure for paperwork.

Thus, to create effective heat supply systems of the construction complex enterprises, the Interblock engineering company has the opportunity to offer not only highly efficient industrial semichangeors of the interblock of the ST series, but also unprecedentedly favorable financial conditions for their acquisition.

- The age of the company is approaching the 20-year border, it is clear that it is necessary to maintain and develop production and costs. What measures were taken in 2015?

- Currently, the production of industrial steam generators of the interbound series ST is deployed on leased areas. The growing demand for steam generators requires an appropriate expansion of production. For financial support for these purposes, it would seem, and credit institutions are intended. However, bank credit resources are not available for small and medium-sized businesses due to high interest rates. Hoped for the support of the Skolkovo Foundation. But, despite the full compliance of the tasks of the production activities of the engineering company "Interblock" with the requirements of the Commercialization programs and "Once-of-Vorty", the presence of the recommendation of the Governor of the Belgorod Region, we were denied financial support. At the same time, the proposals to "decide" our problems immediately appeared and get de-tender funds in the Skolkovo Foundation for 20% "Rollback". We are disappointed, but are determined to develop our own production, calculating only for your strength.

- In one conversation, of course, not to cover all aspects of the company's activities, the implementation of the projects of which comes far beyond our country. What are the prospects for development and plans you see in the future? Where will you move in Russia and abroad?

- The Interbok Engineering Company built about 200 energy facilities of various purposes at industrial enterprises of the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Belarus and Poland. The Town-Vain Industrial Parogens of the Interbounds of the ST series are a unique high-tech tool for effective import substitution that guarantees the sustainable functioning of enterprises of the building materials industry in economic instability.

The main activity of the company continues to be the modernization of the steamile farm of the ZhBI factories, the efficiency and other enterprises of the construction complex of Russia. In addition, we plan to introduce our steam generators to other industries and agriculture. The plans for 2016 are the modernization of thermal power enterprises of agriculture.

Taking part in various meetings and conferences with the participation of OSMD managers and simply at meetings with them, it is very often to hear the question: where to start work on improving the energy efficiency of our house?

It would seem that the answer to this question today in excess can be found in the media, and on the Internet. At the same time, the fact that such a question is asked, indicates that many OSMD managers cannot form a clear and consistent program of action towards reducing the power consumption of the residential house managed by them. Yes, it is understandable, as each building is unique - both in constructive features, and on the applied engineering equipment, and in terms of operation. Given this, to create a universal program of thermometerization of buildings that fit for all existing buildings is simply not real. Such a program for each particular building should be developed individually, but approaches to developing may be general. Let's try to figure it out.

The realities of our time are such that no one no longer doubts the need to save energy resources. Moreover, the permanent growth of energy tariffs and utilities makes every resident of the country actually engage in their savings. In fact, the tariff policy conducted by the state has become a powerful incentive to increase the energy efficiency of the existing residential fund. At the same time, she gave rise to the activation of the amateur "creativity" of the population on the thermometerization of their apartments. It is massively conducted by outdoor insulation of individual apartments, many refuse to centralized heating and go to autonomous, someone increases the number of sections in heating devices in their apartment, some refuse hot water supply and go to autonomous boilers ... The list of such events can continue and continue. However, to create an oasis for its apartment in an Energy Effective House - an excessive occupation. In addition to the deterioration of the technical condition of the building, the unbalance of the work of its engineering systems it will not bring anything! Only joint efforts all residents of the house can solve the problem of improving the energy efficiency of the building, to ensure comfortable living conditions for all apartment owners and at the same time significantly reduce the cost of payment for energy consumption. Today, perhaps the most important task of the OSMD leadership is to unite the efforts of all co-owners of each house around the idea of \u200b\u200bimproving the energy efficiency of their joint ownership, creating a team of like-minded people who are ready to take responsibility and costs for its implementation.

Energoauita

The very work of improving the energy efficiency of the building should be started with careful and comprehensive verification of the technical condition of the building and its engineering systems. It is necessary to fulfill it with the involvement of qualified energy audit companies. At this stage, the main task is to identify all factors negatively affecting the sustainability of the building and the uninterrupted work of its engineering systems, as well as the determination of specific causes of excessive energy consumption. Such an analysis should be the basis of the future program of improving the energy efficiency of the building, including a list of repair work related to increasing the sustainability of the building and thermal-containing activities with the estimated periods of their implementation and the cost of implementation.

The program must be considered and approved at the General Assembly of the OSMD, after which it becomes practical guidance to the action to improve the energy efficiency of the building. At the same time, if the building has problems associated with its stability (for example, an uneven sediment of foundations, roof leaks, the collapse of the facade cladding, etc.), then work to eliminate such violations should be priorities. If there are no such problems, or they are eliminated - you can proceed to the implementation of thermo-containing events.

Modern practice has a significant number of energy-efficient technologies, the use of which allows to significantly reduce the power consumption of any building. Let's try to reflate them in cost and efficiency.

Accounting for consumption

As a rule, it is necessary to begin thermal-containing activities with improving the work of engineering systems of the building. And first of all it is necessary to organize accounting for the consumption of all energy resources. It is mainly due to the consumed thermal energy, since the consumption of cold and hot water consumption, electricity and even gas is almost solved by each apartment owned. With thermal energy, the situation is much more complicated. Technically, it is possible to organize the consumers of thermal energy, but this is a very expensive event and not afford the majority of the population. It is much easier to organize a subsidiary of heat consumption. Moreover, the installation of subdominous meters of thermal energy today is included in the duty of heat supply organizations. As practice shows, the transition from payment for the heating of square meters to payment for the calories consumed by thermal energy allows residents of 20-30% to reduce payment for the heating of their apartments, while not investing additional funds. It is clear that the installation of a bottomhole meter of thermal energy absolutely does not affect the improvement of the energy efficiency of the building, but only allows you to bring order in terms of payment for real-consumable thermal energy.

Replacing outdated thermal points

The first in effectiveness, allowing to really improve the energy efficiency of the building is replacing outdated thermal points Elevator type, which are equipped with most existing residential buildings, on modern individual thermal items (ITP) with weather regulation. It is a compact and not very complex equipment consisting of several pumps, various valves, shocks with electric drives, sensors and measuring instruments, a plate heat exchanger, a heat meter and a system of automation with a programmer. The main advantage of this equipment is that the circulation of the coolant in the domestic networks is carried out forced, while automatically regulated pressure in the system, which avoids emergency situations in networks due to pressure drops and quickly respond to changes in the hydraulic network resistance associated with the consumption of the consignment .

Thanks to the ITP, the work of the hot water system is significantly improved. The main device providing this feature is a plate heat exchanger, where the primary heat carrier is used to heal ordinary tap water to the required parameters. Circulation of hot water in the system is carried out by a special circulating pump. Automation tools support the hot water supply system in working condition depending on the parsing of hot water and the time of day. It is also very important that the presence of such a function in modern ITP as regulation of the heat consumption of the building, depending on weather conditions. Thanks to the corresponding control automated system, which, based on the testimony of the outdoor air sensor, reduces either increases the flow of the coolant into the domestic heating network, it is possible to optimize the power consumption of the building and significantly save energy resources. In addition to the number noted, the ITP includes a metering node of consumed thermal energy, and the availability of automation and the corresponding programmer allows residents not only to control the consumption of thermal energy, but also to manage it. It is possible to adjust the temperature of the coolant in the domestic heating networks and hot water in the hot water system, increase or decrease the heat consumption by the hour of day, set the necessary parameters for pressure in the system, excluding the possibility of emergency situations. As practice shows, the replacement of obsolete ITP on more modern allows to save 30% and more heat energy, and the means embedded in such a replacement pay off for one or two heating periods.

Balancing valves

Very often in existing residential buildings there is such a phenomenon as a problem in one apartments and a closer in others. Today's technical means allow you to get rid of it, but only if the building is equipped with modern ITP. For this, special balancing valves are applied, installed on risers of heating networks. They provide automatic balancing of the heating system and supply the coolant with the same parameters to all heating devices at home. In itself, the implementation of this event does not provide a tangible energy economy. However, thanks to it, it creates the same comfortable living conditions for all residents at home.

Radiator thermostators

The next energy efficient measure could be the equipment of heating devices in all apartments of the house with radiator thermostators. Due to its structural features, this device reacts to the slightest changes in the room temperature and increases or reduces the flow of the coolant to the heating device. Using the radiator thermostat, you can set the desired room temperature in the range from 5 to 26 degrees. In other words, the consumer has the ability to regulate thermal comfort in its apartment, set the desired temperature in each room, lower it at night or to the minimum allowable during the lack of tenants in the apartment. Again, the installation of radiator thermostators is possible only if the building is equipped with modern ITP. At the same time, in order for this event, except for the comfort of living, it also brought an economic effect, a number of conditions must be performed. The first - as already noted, this is the presence of a modern ITP with a general aware of thermal energy. Second - radiator thermostat must be installed on all heating devices in the building. And the third - all residents of the house are actively using thermostators to save heat. The last condition is perhaps the most difficult. A lot of explanatory work will be required by the OSMD leadership so that all co-owners understand the importance and beneficiality of heat saving with radiator thermostators. And when it all succeeds to do, the real savings of thermal energy will be about 20% at relatively low costs for the installation of radiator thermostators.

After the implementation of the above thermo-containing events, you can be sure that the heating and hot water supply systems in our house meet modern energy efficiency requirements and can be processed by the following steps related to the insulation of enclosing building structures. It should be emphasized that compliance with just such a order - first upgrade engineering networks, and then insulated the building - it is of great importance. If you just insulate the building, then this expensive event will not lead to the desired decline in its heating costs, since the amount of thermal energy supplied to the building heating will be the same as before insulation. In the apartments, will definitely become warmer, and the lack of modern means of automation and heat consumption control will lead only the need to get rid of excess heat by the so-called "guide" ventilation. Conversely, the insulation of buildings, where the modernization of the heating system was previously carried out, brings a significant economic effect and allows for half a reduction of power consumption.

Insulation

The insulation of the enclosing building structures provides for the need to perform a whole complex of measures related to the replacement of outdated windows and entrance doors to energy-efficient, insulation of outer walls, roofs, overlap over basements and domesticates. At the same time, the replacement of windows, as a rule, is performed by each owner of the apartment independently. It is important here that new windows meet the regulatory requirements for heat transfer resistance for the climatic zone in which your building is located. The process of insulation of the remaining enclosing structures is clear. It is only important to comply with the requirements for the quality of the used insulating materials and the choice of a qualified contracting organization that will be engaged in insulation.

After performing all the above thermo-containing activities, one can be sure that our building is energy efficient from the point of view of today's requirements. Only one problem remains unresolved - ensuring fair payment for thermal energy by each specific consumer, depending on its actual consumption. Provide this is possible only at the expense of the organization of consumed thermal energy.

Install in the apartment, the accounting devices is technically not difficult. So if the apartment has a single heat input, which in existing housing is quite rare, then the accounting device is put on this input. If there is no such input, you can set the counter to each heating device. This option is quite expensive for the consumer, as each heat meter has a significant cost. It is not by chance that in most countries where they have long been engaged in heat saving, another accounting system is used using low-cost appliances, so-called heating cost distributors installed on each heating device (radiator). Distributor devices are inherently no thermal energy meters. However, with their help, knowing the overall consumption of thermal energy at home, determined by a dormitory meter, one can calculate the share of consumption of thermal energy by each heating device of the apartment and the house as a whole. Reading the testimony of distributors is remotely or monthly directly by the owners of the apartments. Special software complexes have been developed, allowing on the basis of common heat consumption and testimony of distributors to determine the amount of heat consumption of each apartment and, accordingly, the size of the board for its use. It would seem that everything is very difficult, but as the practice of our neighbors-Poles shows, where such systems are widespread, they work quite simply and efficiently.

In this article, we focus on reducing power consumption in heating and hot water systems. And this is not by chance, since today the tariffs in this area are the most significant and the trend towards their future increase. With the rest of the resources the situation is somewhat easier. Almost every apartment owner has a means of accounting (or can establish) and means of regulating consumption in the form of cranes and switches. Although there are great opportunities for energy efficiency. But this is the topic of another article.